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Introduction to Information Technology 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 2: Information Technologies in Modern Organizations Prepared by: Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D. University of Northern Iowa Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Preview In this chapter, we will study: Foundation concepts of information systems in organizations. How information systems help organizations solve problems and seize opportunities. How information systems are managed in organizations. Career opportunities in Information Technology. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts Information Infrastructure: The physical facilities, services, and management that support all organizational computing resources. • Computer hardware • General-purpose software • Networks and communications facilities • Databases • Information management personnel Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts (continued) Information Infrastructure (continued) Defines integration, operation, documentation, maintenance, and management of computing resources. Defines how specific computing resources are arranged, operated, and managed.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Foundation Concepts (continued) Information Architecture High-level plan that details • The organization’s information

requirements • The way these requirements are being satisfied.

Incorporates information requirements, existing and planned information infrastructure and software applications. Helps ensure that the organization’s IT meets the organization’s strategic business needs.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Support/perform routine business events. Collect, store, process, and disseminate basic business transaction data. Provide foundation data for many other systems. May be complex and sophisticated. Essential to business success today. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued)

Management Information Systems Support routine decision making Access, organize, summarize, and display information. Emphasize routine reporting on known and anticipated issues. Also, answer queries and forecast trends. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued)

Support Systems Office Automation – support for office workers Decision System – support complex, non-routine managerial decision makers • Executive Information Systems – support

higher-level managers • Group Support Systems – employ Groupware to support people working in groups Introduction to Information Technology, 2 Edition nd

Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Types of Information Systems, (continued)

Intelligent Systems Business applications of Artificial Intelligence • Expert systems – capable of solving

certain problems as well as human experts. • Learning systems – can incorporate new information and update their knowledge.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations First, consider how organizations

are structured: Typically by functional departments Frequently in a hierarchy May be by project or in a matrix structure

Information Systems in an

organization are developed to support the way the organization is structured.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued) Information systems consist of numerous applications An application is system developed for a specific purpose

Applications and systems can

support

Individuals / teams Departments Plants / divisions Entire enterprise Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued) Information systems can also be interorganizational Connect two or more organizations having a common interest or business need. Important in facilititating ecommerce.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support People in Organizations IS support needed by people

depends on their role in the organization.

Top managers make strategic decisions Middle managers make tactical decisions Line managers make operations decisions Knowledge workers create and integrate knowledge 

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Systems Support People in Organizations, (continued)

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations  Information resources encompass many

things, including

 Hardware (computers, servers, other devices)  Software (development tools, languages, applications)

 Databases  Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet)  Procedures  Physical buildings.

 Resources are very costly; proper

management is essential.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations Responsibility for information

resources shared by IS Department and end users. Organizations must determine who is responsible for planning, purchasing, developing, and maintaining information resources. Cooperation is essential. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Role of the IS Department Shifting from technical to

managerial orientation. Increasing focus on adding strategic value to the organization. As IS is challenged to add strategic value, management of IS becomes more complex. Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in many organizations. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Career Opportunities in IT Systems Analyst / Developer Webmaster / E-Commerce

Specialist Business Analyst Programmer Telecomm / Network Specialist Database Administrator / Specialist System Operations Specialist Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Summary Information Infrastructure

comprised of all facilities, services, and management that supports all computing resources. Information Architecture details information requirements and how those requirements are being and will be satisfied. Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Chapter Summary (continued) Information Systems are classified

by type (TPS, MIS, Support, Intelligent). Information Systems are designed to support the organization’s structure. Information Systems provide support to all levels and types of personnel. Management of IS resources is joint responsibility of IS Dept. and Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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