Cesarean Vs
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Gabur 1 Lauren Gabur Mr. Rudebusch English Composition IV 7 January 2019 Which Way of Birth Should You Choose: Cesarean Section or Natural Birth? Over the years, there has been a significant change in childbirth. Today there are two ways of giving birth; natural delivery (vaginal birth) and cesarean section (surgical birth). However, women often deal with the trouble of deciding which way is best for them to give birth. Some women choose a cesarean section because it’s a scheduled procedure, so they know by the time the baby is born he or she will be ready. Another reason may be that it takes less time and work to have the baby via cesarean section. However, cesarean sections present many complications, and therefore, is not the way to have birth if it’s not medically needed. Cesarean sections can cause serious complications during birth: some that may even be fatal. According to WebMD, a research website written by medical professionals, some risks include “blood clots, (excessive) bleeding, and reaction to the anesthesia.” Each of these complications can have life-long impacts that might otherwise be avoided by a natural birth. A cesarean section puts women at a greater risk of blood clotting in deep veins. During a cesarean section, the blood clots are mostly found in the pelvic organs or legs. If the blood clot blocks blood flow, the results can be deadly, according to Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research. The Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin writes, “The average amount of blood loss after the birth of a single baby in vaginal delivery is about 500 ml. The average amount of blood loss for a cesarean birth is approximately 1,000 ml.” The amount of blood loss
Gabur 2 is twice as large for a cesarean section, which is vital for women who weigh a lesser amount. The amount of blood that a human can lose before they die is forty percent of their blood (2,000 ml). Other complications include infection of the incision, the uterus, and other abdominal organs. Also, although very rare, there could be a surgical injury that leads to nicking the baby’s skin and cutting the baby. Along with that is the surgery itself. There has been an increase in women who have had complications, like infections and bleeding, during childbirth that were so severe that the women almost die. Public health officials have begun campaigns against having cesarean sections that are not an emergency. They also argue over the dangers that come from major abdominal surgeries. Stating that, along with the other complications, cesarean sections lead to complications to the anesthesia and may even death. The health officials also pointed out the risk that cesarean sections lead more babies to the intensive-care unit. Not only do Cesarean section have consequences during birth, but there are also complications that can occur after birth. It is common that after a cesarean section, the child has a hard time breathing for the first few days than a baby who was born naturally. The APGAR scores are measurements of the condition of a newborn. It measures muscle tone, heart rate, skin color, respiratory action, and responses to stimulation.The American Pregnancy Organization, an organization that has writes on obstetrics and child birth, writes on how “Low APGAR scores can be the result of anesthesia, fetal distress before the delivery or lack of stimulation during delivery. Babies born by cesarean are 50% more likely to have lower APGAR scores than those born vaginally.” Stimulation comes naturally from mothers during natural birth and, because stimulation is so important, it is very crucial that the baby receives the most it can. Stimulation allows the babies to receive signals and guide their brain to control their body. However, it is
Gabur 3 more common for babies who are born by cesarean section to not have the stimulation that they need. Along with complications that happen after birth, having a cesarean section could affect women’s future pregnancies. According to Mayo Clinic’s medical staff, The more C-sections you have, the higher your risks of placenta previa and a condition in which the placenta becomes abnormally attached to the wall of the uterus (placenta accreta). The risk of your uterus tearing open along the scar line from a prior C-section (uterine rupture) is also higher if you attempt a VBAC. (Tobah) VBAC is a term used that stands for vaginal birth after cesarean birth. The term is used when a woman who has had a baby via cesarean section, gets pregnant again and tries to have another baby via vaginal birth. Because VBAC is at such a high risk, some hospitals don’t allow women to attempt it. For example, as I was shadowing Jennifer Briggs, an OB Nurse at Prairie Lakes Hospital, we had a woman who was coming in that wanted to attempt VBAC. As she came off the elevator, the nurse and doctor told her that because she had to have a cesarean section the first time, it’s very well advised that she has another cesarean section with this pregnancy too. Considering it was only a year after her first cesarean section, the probability of complications were even higher. They explained that if she was to attempt VBAC, her uterus may rupture and her scar will have a high chance of tearing open too. When determining mortality rates between cesarean sections and natural birth, cesarean had the higher rate. As written in a research study, “Maternal death in the 21st century: causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery”, conducted by five different OBGYN’s and one RN, “The rate of maternal death causally related to mode of delivery was 0.2 per 100,000 for
Gabur 4 vaginal birth and 2.2 per 100,0000 for cesarean delivery, suggesting that the number of annual deaths resulting causally from cesarean delivery in the United States is about 20.” This research presents that deaths of moms and babies are more common in cesarean sections. The statistics are higher for cesarean sections because, just like every surgery, it has its risks. The studies use data from women who die that experiences complications like hemorrhage and infection during their cesarean section. According to Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, a monthly reviewed medical journal, During the study period, 132,054 term deliveries met the inclusion criteria; 8.9% were via elective CDs and 91.1% were vaginal deliveries. Hospitalizations of the offspring involving respiratory morbidity were significantly more common in offspring delivered by CDs (5.2 vs. 4.3%). (Baumfield) This report explains how CDs (cesarean deliveries) have caused more hospitalization for babies caused by respiratory complications. Not only are the findings they gathered are from babies that were just born, from babies who were born and sent home, and from offspring up to 18 years old. The report concluded that cesarean section is a remarkably high risk for a long-term respiratory problems and often lead to morbidity. Many people may know that it costs a lot of money to have a baby; however, some may not know that having the baby through a cesarean section costs thousands of more dollars than having a baby through natural birth. In a report by Truven Health Analytics, a IBM Watson Health Company that supplies us with medical data, found how expensive the average price is for a babies care with medicaid. “Medicaid paid $13,875 for newborns with vaginal births and NICU care and $19,971 for newborns with cesarean births and NICU care.” The report informs
Gabur 5 us that the difference could be as much as or as little as six thousand and ninety six dollars. With this cost, it means that there is more care that has to be involved with babies who are born from a cesarean section, care that is not cheap. The report also found that “for newborns with Commercial insurance, vaginal births, and NICU care, insurers paid $30,875, out-of-pocket costs were $1,241, and others (e.g., unions) paid $468. For similar newborns with cesarean births, insurers paid $45,496, out-of-pocket costs were $1,351, and others paid $735.” Even with these two forms of insurance, women are still looking at thousands of dollars more when they have a cesarean section. With the amount women spend on an unnecessary cesarean section could go to that child’s care over the span of the eighteen years. Now, not every state has the same price, it varies between states depending on the women choosing a natural birth or a cesarean birth. Time Money, a resource that informs America on medical costs rates,conducted a report on the differences in cost between a natural birth and a cesarean birth. With the help of insurance, in South Dakota it costs $6,102 for a natural birth and $8,866 for a cesarean section. However, in Alaska, even with insurance, the price for a natural birth is $10,413 and $14,528 for cesarean sections. When recovering from a childbirth,women will find that women who had a cesarean section took longer to recover from a natural birth. Mayo Clinic tells us that after a cesarean birth women should “take it easy. Rest when possible. Try to keep everything that you and your baby might need within reach. For the first couple of weeks, avoid lifting anything heavier than your baby.” Natural birth can take up to six weeks to fully recover and women are often out of the hospital in two days after the baby is born. A lot of the mothers who chose natural birth can start
Gabur 6 exercising right when they get out of the hospitals. However, after a cesarean section it’s a little harder and takes longer to recover. Since a cesarean section is a major surgery, women who do have the surgery will stay in the hospital for a longer period of time. The time the mom is able to go home depends on complications that happen and if the moms vitals are steady. Jennifer Briggs, an Obstetrics registered nurse at Prairie Lakes Hospital, explains how women who had cesarean sections shouldn’t be exercising soon after the birth. She says that “women really shouldn’t be doing exercises that involve the core muscles for about eight to 12 weeks. This way the women give their muscles and skin time to heal. When women move on to strenuous activity to quickly, they often tear their incision and get hurt.” When the women do start exercising, they should start with things like a faster pace of walking and lifting some lighter weights. If the women were to start doing strenuous exercises to early in recovery, they might tear open their incision. Women who have cesarean sections are told to relax more often and ease back into everyday work. In conclusion, having a cesarean section when it is not medically necessary poses the risks of complications that happen during and after the birth, higher mortality rates, costs thousands of more dollars, and a longer recovery. To name a few, in a natural birth the baby is at risk of less immune system disorders, has better APGAR scores, and no delayed breastfeeding. For the mother, there is a faster recovery time and a shorter hospital stay, lower chances of infection, and will not impact future deliveries. If your doctor recommends a cesarean section, then take their advice. However, if it is not necessary than choose a natural birth.
Gabur 7
Works Cited Baumfeld, Y, et al. “Elective Cesarean Delivery at Term and the Long-Term Risk for Respiratory Morbidity of the Offspring.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30091110 “Cesarean Procedure: Risks & Complications for Mother & Baby.” American Pregnancy Association, 20 Nov. 2015, americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/cesarean-risks/. “C-Section Risks & Complications.” WebMD, WebMD, www.webmd.com/baby/risks-of-a-c-section. “C-Section.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 9 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/about/pac-20393655. “Maternal Death in the 21st Century: Causes, Prevention, and Relationship to Cesarean Delivery.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, 2 May 2008, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937808002688. O'Brien, Elizabeth, and Pratheek Rebala. “Find Out How Much It Costs to Give Birth in Your State | Money.” Time, Time, 30 Oct. 2017, time.com/money/4995922/how-much-costs-give-birth-state/. “Postpartum Hemorrhage.” Children, www.chw.org/medical-care/fetal-concerns-center/conditions/pregnancy-complications/po stpartum-hemorrhage.
Gabur 8 Tobah, Yvonne Butler. “Repeat C-Sections: Is There a Limit?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 8 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380. “Repeat C-Sections: Is There a Limit?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 8 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380.
Truven Health Analytics Marketscan. “The Cost of Having A Baby In the United States: Executive Summary.” Truven Health Analytics. Jan. 2013, https://transform.childbirthconnection.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Cost-of-Having-a -Baby-Executive-Summary.pdf
Gabur 2 is twice as large for a cesarean section, which is vital for women who weigh a lesser amount. The amount of blood that a human can lose before they die is forty percent of their blood (2,000 ml). Other complications include infection of the incision, the uterus, and other abdominal organs. Also, although very rare, there could be a surgical injury that leads to nicking the baby’s skin and cutting the baby. Along with that is the surgery itself. There has been an increase in women who have had complications, like infections and bleeding, during childbirth that were so severe that the women almost die. Public health officials have begun campaigns against having cesarean sections that are not an emergency. They also argue over the dangers that come from major abdominal surgeries. Stating that, along with the other complications, cesarean sections lead to complications to the anesthesia and may even death. The health officials also pointed out the risk that cesarean sections lead more babies to the intensive-care unit. Not only do Cesarean section have consequences during birth, but there are also complications that can occur after birth. It is common that after a cesarean section, the child has a hard time breathing for the first few days than a baby who was born naturally. The APGAR scores are measurements of the condition of a newborn. It measures muscle tone, heart rate, skin color, respiratory action, and responses to stimulation.The American Pregnancy Organization, an organization that has writes on obstetrics and child birth, writes on how “Low APGAR scores can be the result of anesthesia, fetal distress before the delivery or lack of stimulation during delivery. Babies born by cesarean are 50% more likely to have lower APGAR scores than those born vaginally.” Stimulation comes naturally from mothers during natural birth and, because stimulation is so important, it is very crucial that the baby receives the most it can. Stimulation allows the babies to receive signals and guide their brain to control their body. However, it is
Gabur 3 more common for babies who are born by cesarean section to not have the stimulation that they need. Along with complications that happen after birth, having a cesarean section could affect women’s future pregnancies. According to Mayo Clinic’s medical staff, The more C-sections you have, the higher your risks of placenta previa and a condition in which the placenta becomes abnormally attached to the wall of the uterus (placenta accreta). The risk of your uterus tearing open along the scar line from a prior C-section (uterine rupture) is also higher if you attempt a VBAC. (Tobah) VBAC is a term used that stands for vaginal birth after cesarean birth. The term is used when a woman who has had a baby via cesarean section, gets pregnant again and tries to have another baby via vaginal birth. Because VBAC is at such a high risk, some hospitals don’t allow women to attempt it. For example, as I was shadowing Jennifer Briggs, an OB Nurse at Prairie Lakes Hospital, we had a woman who was coming in that wanted to attempt VBAC. As she came off the elevator, the nurse and doctor told her that because she had to have a cesarean section the first time, it’s very well advised that she has another cesarean section with this pregnancy too. Considering it was only a year after her first cesarean section, the probability of complications were even higher. They explained that if she was to attempt VBAC, her uterus may rupture and her scar will have a high chance of tearing open too. When determining mortality rates between cesarean sections and natural birth, cesarean had the higher rate. As written in a research study, “Maternal death in the 21st century: causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery”, conducted by five different OBGYN’s and one RN, “The rate of maternal death causally related to mode of delivery was 0.2 per 100,000 for
Gabur 4 vaginal birth and 2.2 per 100,0000 for cesarean delivery, suggesting that the number of annual deaths resulting causally from cesarean delivery in the United States is about 20.” This research presents that deaths of moms and babies are more common in cesarean sections. The statistics are higher for cesarean sections because, just like every surgery, it has its risks. The studies use data from women who die that experiences complications like hemorrhage and infection during their cesarean section. According to Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, a monthly reviewed medical journal, During the study period, 132,054 term deliveries met the inclusion criteria; 8.9% were via elective CDs and 91.1% were vaginal deliveries. Hospitalizations of the offspring involving respiratory morbidity were significantly more common in offspring delivered by CDs (5.2 vs. 4.3%). (Baumfield) This report explains how CDs (cesarean deliveries) have caused more hospitalization for babies caused by respiratory complications. Not only are the findings they gathered are from babies that were just born, from babies who were born and sent home, and from offspring up to 18 years old. The report concluded that cesarean section is a remarkably high risk for a long-term respiratory problems and often lead to morbidity. Many people may know that it costs a lot of money to have a baby; however, some may not know that having the baby through a cesarean section costs thousands of more dollars than having a baby through natural birth. In a report by Truven Health Analytics, a IBM Watson Health Company that supplies us with medical data, found how expensive the average price is for a babies care with medicaid. “Medicaid paid $13,875 for newborns with vaginal births and NICU care and $19,971 for newborns with cesarean births and NICU care.” The report informs
Gabur 5 us that the difference could be as much as or as little as six thousand and ninety six dollars. With this cost, it means that there is more care that has to be involved with babies who are born from a cesarean section, care that is not cheap. The report also found that “for newborns with Commercial insurance, vaginal births, and NICU care, insurers paid $30,875, out-of-pocket costs were $1,241, and others (e.g., unions) paid $468. For similar newborns with cesarean births, insurers paid $45,496, out-of-pocket costs were $1,351, and others paid $735.” Even with these two forms of insurance, women are still looking at thousands of dollars more when they have a cesarean section. With the amount women spend on an unnecessary cesarean section could go to that child’s care over the span of the eighteen years. Now, not every state has the same price, it varies between states depending on the women choosing a natural birth or a cesarean birth. Time Money, a resource that informs America on medical costs rates,conducted a report on the differences in cost between a natural birth and a cesarean birth. With the help of insurance, in South Dakota it costs $6,102 for a natural birth and $8,866 for a cesarean section. However, in Alaska, even with insurance, the price for a natural birth is $10,413 and $14,528 for cesarean sections. When recovering from a childbirth,women will find that women who had a cesarean section took longer to recover from a natural birth. Mayo Clinic tells us that after a cesarean birth women should “take it easy. Rest when possible. Try to keep everything that you and your baby might need within reach. For the first couple of weeks, avoid lifting anything heavier than your baby.” Natural birth can take up to six weeks to fully recover and women are often out of the hospital in two days after the baby is born. A lot of the mothers who chose natural birth can start
Gabur 6 exercising right when they get out of the hospitals. However, after a cesarean section it’s a little harder and takes longer to recover. Since a cesarean section is a major surgery, women who do have the surgery will stay in the hospital for a longer period of time. The time the mom is able to go home depends on complications that happen and if the moms vitals are steady. Jennifer Briggs, an Obstetrics registered nurse at Prairie Lakes Hospital, explains how women who had cesarean sections shouldn’t be exercising soon after the birth. She says that “women really shouldn’t be doing exercises that involve the core muscles for about eight to 12 weeks. This way the women give their muscles and skin time to heal. When women move on to strenuous activity to quickly, they often tear their incision and get hurt.” When the women do start exercising, they should start with things like a faster pace of walking and lifting some lighter weights. If the women were to start doing strenuous exercises to early in recovery, they might tear open their incision. Women who have cesarean sections are told to relax more often and ease back into everyday work. In conclusion, having a cesarean section when it is not medically necessary poses the risks of complications that happen during and after the birth, higher mortality rates, costs thousands of more dollars, and a longer recovery. To name a few, in a natural birth the baby is at risk of less immune system disorders, has better APGAR scores, and no delayed breastfeeding. For the mother, there is a faster recovery time and a shorter hospital stay, lower chances of infection, and will not impact future deliveries. If your doctor recommends a cesarean section, then take their advice. However, if it is not necessary than choose a natural birth.
Gabur 7
Works Cited Baumfeld, Y, et al. “Elective Cesarean Delivery at Term and the Long-Term Risk for Respiratory Morbidity of the Offspring.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30091110 “Cesarean Procedure: Risks & Complications for Mother & Baby.” American Pregnancy Association, 20 Nov. 2015, americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/cesarean-risks/. “C-Section Risks & Complications.” WebMD, WebMD, www.webmd.com/baby/risks-of-a-c-section. “C-Section.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 9 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/about/pac-20393655. “Maternal Death in the 21st Century: Causes, Prevention, and Relationship to Cesarean Delivery.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, 2 May 2008, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937808002688. O'Brien, Elizabeth, and Pratheek Rebala. “Find Out How Much It Costs to Give Birth in Your State | Money.” Time, Time, 30 Oct. 2017, time.com/money/4995922/how-much-costs-give-birth-state/. “Postpartum Hemorrhage.” Children, www.chw.org/medical-care/fetal-concerns-center/conditions/pregnancy-complications/po stpartum-hemorrhage.
Gabur 8 Tobah, Yvonne Butler. “Repeat C-Sections: Is There a Limit?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 8 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380. “Repeat C-Sections: Is There a Limit?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 8 June 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380.
Truven Health Analytics Marketscan. “The Cost of Having A Baby In the United States: Executive Summary.” Truven Health Analytics. Jan. 2013, https://transform.childbirthconnection.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Cost-of-Having-a -Baby-Executive-Summary.pdf
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