Cell Structure And Cell Organisation

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

• All living things are made up of basic units called cells • The living component of a cell is protoplasm. It consist of cytoplasm and the nucleus

nucleus

cytoplasm

• The nucleus content is known as nucleoplasm • Nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm

• The protoplasm is surrounded by plasma membrane • Cytoplasm contains a variety of tiny structure called organelles

• Organelles are cellular component that perform specific function within the cell

• Some of the cellular components can only be seen under an electron microscope

Animal cell

The cellular components of animals and plant cells • There are many similarities and differences between animal and plant cells

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Both cells have the following cellular components: b) Nucleus c) Cytoplasm d) Plasma membrane

• Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast and large vacuoles • Animals cells do not have cell wall and chloroplasts

• Vacuoles inside the animals cell are usually small • Only a few types of cells have vacuoles

Plasma membrane • A thin flexible layer • Composed of phospholipids and proteins • Semi-permeable – acts as a selective barrier

• Function : • Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment

• Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell • Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste product

Cytoplasm • Consist of a jelly like medium in which cell’s organelles are suspended • Contains organic and inorganic substances

• Functions : • As a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell

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