Cell Organisation In Animals
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Cell Organisation in Animals By: Puteri Norhaziqah Bt Ahmad Teacher: Puan Noor Zehan Class:4 Inisiatif Year:2009
Introduction
Problem Statement What are the structure of cell organisation in animals?
Objective To study the structure of cell organisation in animals.
Materials Biology Form Four textbook and reference book, internet and Microsoft Power Point software.
Technique Find Information about the structure of cell organisation from textbook, reference book and internet. Then, the information is presented in Microsoft Power Point.
Procedure •
•
Information about the structure of cell organisation is find from textbook, reference book and internet. The information gathered is presented in Microsoft PowerPoint.
Contents Organisms
Cell Tissue Organ System Organisms
System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Cell Cell is a basic unit of living things Cellular components of animal cells:
Function of organelles: Organelles
Function
Plasma membrane
Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment. Regulates the movement of substances in and out of cell.
Centrioles
Form spindle fibres during cell division in animal cell.
Cytoplasm
Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell.
(region between nucleus and plasma membrane)
Nucleus
Control all cellular activities. Contains genetic information (DNA) that determine the characteristics of a cell. e.g: Ribosome need genetic information from the nucleus to synthesized the proteins.
Mitochondria
Sites of cellular respiration. Energy is generated/released in form of ATP which can be used readily by cells. Provide energy.
Ribosome
Sites of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER: Transports proteins made by the ribosome in the cell. Smooth ER: synthesized lipids and detoxification of drugs and metabolic products.
Golgi Apparatus
Processing, packaging and transport centre of carbohydrates, proteins and glycoprotein.
Lysosomes
Digestive compartments in cell. Hydrolytic enzymes-digest or break down complex organic molecule
Tissues Tissues are group of cells with a common structure and function. Four major types of tissues in animals:
Nerve tissues
Epithelial tissues Animal tissues
Connective tissues
Muscle tissues
Epithelial tissue Consist of one or more layers of cells. The cells of an epithelium are tightly interconnected with little space between them. The structure of epithelial tissue is adapted to its function such as protection, secretion and absorption.
The epithelial tissue at the surface of the skin and linings of mouth and oesophagus. The epithelial tissue at the lining of body cavities, heart, blood vessels and lungs. The epithelial tissue at the lining of small intestine. The epithelial tissue at the lining of glands, ducts and kidney tubules. The epithelial tissue at the lining of the trachea.
Muscle tissue Muscle is most abundant tissue in most animals. Muscle tissues are composed of long cells called muscle fibres. Types of muscle tissues: Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle
Nerve tissue Nerve tissue is composed of neurons or nerve cell. Each neuron consist of a cell body and nerve fibres called dendrites and axons. Function of nerve tissue: Transmit signal called nerve impulses over long distances. Nerve tissues control and coordinate activities of the body.
Connective tissue Consist of various types of cells and fibres separated by an extracellular matrix. Examples of connective tissues and their functions: Connective tissues
Functions
Cartilage tissue
Form tendons and ligaments. Tendon: attach muscle to bones. Ligaments: attach bones to bones. Cartilage is strong and flexible connective tissue. It also provide support to the nose, ears, covers the end of bones at joints and form disc between vertebrae.
Bones
Bones provide protection to organs in the body and support the body.
Blood
Blood regulating, transporting and protecting function. Red blood cell: transport oxygen. White blood cell: fighting infection. Platelets: blood clotting.
lymph
Consist of mostly of fluid which leaks out of blood capillaries.
Fat cells/adipose tissue
Stores energy and insulate the body.
Organs Organ made up of two or more types of tissues working together to perform a particular function. Examples of organs: Heart Skin Lungs Kidneys Eyes Ears
Brain
Ear
Heart
Skin
Eye
Stomach
Systems A system consist of several organs that cooperate to carry a living process. There are 11 major systems in humans such as nervous system, skeletal system, circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, excretory system, reproductive systems, muscular system, integumentary system, endocrine system and lymphatic system. All systems combine to form a multicellular organisms.
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
Muscular system
Reproductive systems
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Excretory system
Closing/Conclusion The Structure of cell organisation in animals are: Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms
Aknowledgment Thank you to Puan Noor Zehan, my biology teacher that guiding me on how to make the presentation. I also want to thank to my family that support me to complete this presentation. Other than that, I also want to thank you to my friends that help me to find information about cell organisation in animals.
Reference
Textbook KBSM Biology Form 4 by Gan Wan Yeat, Manoharan a/l Subramaniam and Azmah Bt Rajion. Success Biology SPM by Gan Wan Yeat. Bio-Score Integrated Curriculum Form 4 by BioScore Panel. Website: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookA http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookC
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1160 http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Anima http://www.pdfcoke.com/doc/12614691/21-Cell-Organisation http://www.geocities.com/dennishhong/webquest.htm http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/webpictures/Human http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/146.gif
Introduction
Problem Statement What are the structure of cell organisation in animals?
Objective To study the structure of cell organisation in animals.
Materials Biology Form Four textbook and reference book, internet and Microsoft Power Point software.
Technique Find Information about the structure of cell organisation from textbook, reference book and internet. Then, the information is presented in Microsoft Power Point.
Procedure •
•
Information about the structure of cell organisation is find from textbook, reference book and internet. The information gathered is presented in Microsoft PowerPoint.
Contents Organisms
Cell Tissue Organ System Organisms
System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Cell Cell is a basic unit of living things Cellular components of animal cells:
Function of organelles: Organelles
Function
Plasma membrane
Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment. Regulates the movement of substances in and out of cell.
Centrioles
Form spindle fibres during cell division in animal cell.
Cytoplasm
Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell.
(region between nucleus and plasma membrane)
Nucleus
Control all cellular activities. Contains genetic information (DNA) that determine the characteristics of a cell. e.g: Ribosome need genetic information from the nucleus to synthesized the proteins.
Mitochondria
Sites of cellular respiration. Energy is generated/released in form of ATP which can be used readily by cells. Provide energy.
Ribosome
Sites of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER: Transports proteins made by the ribosome in the cell. Smooth ER: synthesized lipids and detoxification of drugs and metabolic products.
Golgi Apparatus
Processing, packaging and transport centre of carbohydrates, proteins and glycoprotein.
Lysosomes
Digestive compartments in cell. Hydrolytic enzymes-digest or break down complex organic molecule
Tissues Tissues are group of cells with a common structure and function. Four major types of tissues in animals:
Nerve tissues
Epithelial tissues Animal tissues
Connective tissues
Muscle tissues
Epithelial tissue Consist of one or more layers of cells. The cells of an epithelium are tightly interconnected with little space between them. The structure of epithelial tissue is adapted to its function such as protection, secretion and absorption.
The epithelial tissue at the surface of the skin and linings of mouth and oesophagus. The epithelial tissue at the lining of body cavities, heart, blood vessels and lungs. The epithelial tissue at the lining of small intestine. The epithelial tissue at the lining of glands, ducts and kidney tubules. The epithelial tissue at the lining of the trachea.
Muscle tissue Muscle is most abundant tissue in most animals. Muscle tissues are composed of long cells called muscle fibres. Types of muscle tissues: Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle
Nerve tissue Nerve tissue is composed of neurons or nerve cell. Each neuron consist of a cell body and nerve fibres called dendrites and axons. Function of nerve tissue: Transmit signal called nerve impulses over long distances. Nerve tissues control and coordinate activities of the body.
Connective tissue Consist of various types of cells and fibres separated by an extracellular matrix. Examples of connective tissues and their functions: Connective tissues
Functions
Cartilage tissue
Form tendons and ligaments. Tendon: attach muscle to bones. Ligaments: attach bones to bones. Cartilage is strong and flexible connective tissue. It also provide support to the nose, ears, covers the end of bones at joints and form disc between vertebrae.
Bones
Bones provide protection to organs in the body and support the body.
Blood
Blood regulating, transporting and protecting function. Red blood cell: transport oxygen. White blood cell: fighting infection. Platelets: blood clotting.
lymph
Consist of mostly of fluid which leaks out of blood capillaries.
Fat cells/adipose tissue
Stores energy and insulate the body.
Organs Organ made up of two or more types of tissues working together to perform a particular function. Examples of organs: Heart Skin Lungs Kidneys Eyes Ears
Brain
Ear
Heart
Skin
Eye
Stomach
Systems A system consist of several organs that cooperate to carry a living process. There are 11 major systems in humans such as nervous system, skeletal system, circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, excretory system, reproductive systems, muscular system, integumentary system, endocrine system and lymphatic system. All systems combine to form a multicellular organisms.
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Circulatory system
Muscular system
Reproductive systems
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Excretory system
Closing/Conclusion The Structure of cell organisation in animals are: Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms
Aknowledgment Thank you to Puan Noor Zehan, my biology teacher that guiding me on how to make the presentation. I also want to thank to my family that support me to complete this presentation. Other than that, I also want to thank you to my friends that help me to find information about cell organisation in animals.
Reference
Textbook KBSM Biology Form 4 by Gan Wan Yeat, Manoharan a/l Subramaniam and Azmah Bt Rajion. Success Biology SPM by Gan Wan Yeat. Bio-Score Integrated Curriculum Form 4 by BioScore Panel. Website: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookA http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookC
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1160 http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Anima http://www.pdfcoke.com/doc/12614691/21-Cell-Organisation http://www.geocities.com/dennishhong/webquest.htm http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/webpictures/Human http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/146.gif
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