Cell Cycle
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Advanced Biology The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle
10.1
Interphase G1
– Growth phase
Cell
carries out its normal metabolic processes
S
– Synthesis
Cell
G2
replicates its DNA (chromosomes)
– Growth phase
Cell
carries out its normal metabolic processes
10.1
Mitotic Phase Consists Mitosis
of
– cell divides Cytokinesis – two new cells split apart
10.1
Growth, Reproduction and Repair Unicellular
organisms
Reproduce
Multicellular Develop
by cell division
organisms
from fertilized cells Grow and repair of damaged cells through division
10.2
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
10.2
Prokaryotic DNA is not bound in a nucleus Prokaryotic cells contain circular DNA called plasmids
Chromosome Replication
10.3
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis – Plant Cells
10.4/5
Spindle Apparatus The Is
mitotic spindle
an apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis
10.6
Cytokinesis: Animal Cells
In animal cells
Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow
Cleavage furrow
Contractile ring of microfilaments
100 µm
Daughter cells
Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM)
10.7
Cytokinesis: Plant Cells
In plant cells
A cell plate forms during cytokinesis Vesicles forming cell plate
10.7
Wall of patent cell
1 µm Cell plate New cell wall
Daughter cells Cell plate formation in a plant cell (SEM)
Binary Fission
10.8
Cell Cycle Control
10.9
Growth Factors
Stimulate cells to divide Without growth factors cells “freeze” in G1 PDGF – plateletderived growth factor
10.9
Two Types of Growth Inhibition
Density-dependent inhibition
Anchorage dependent inhibition
Crowded cells stop dividing
Cells must be attached to a sub layer to divide
Cancer cells
10.10
Exhibit no inhibition
Cancer Cells
Do not respond normally to the body’s control mechanisms Form tumors Tumors can metastasize
Move to new areas of the body through blood or lymph and form new tumors
10.10
The Cell Cycle
10.1
Interphase G1
– Growth phase
Cell
carries out its normal metabolic processes
S
– Synthesis
Cell
G2
replicates its DNA (chromosomes)
– Growth phase
Cell
carries out its normal metabolic processes
10.1
Mitotic Phase Consists Mitosis
of
– cell divides Cytokinesis – two new cells split apart
10.1
Growth, Reproduction and Repair Unicellular
organisms
Reproduce
Multicellular Develop
by cell division
organisms
from fertilized cells Grow and repair of damaged cells through division
10.2
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
10.2
Prokaryotic DNA is not bound in a nucleus Prokaryotic cells contain circular DNA called plasmids
Chromosome Replication
10.3
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis
10.4/5
Mitosis – Plant Cells
10.4/5
Spindle Apparatus The Is
mitotic spindle
an apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis
10.6
Cytokinesis: Animal Cells
In animal cells
Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow
Cleavage furrow
Contractile ring of microfilaments
100 µm
Daughter cells
Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM)
10.7
Cytokinesis: Plant Cells
In plant cells
A cell plate forms during cytokinesis Vesicles forming cell plate
10.7
Wall of patent cell
1 µm Cell plate New cell wall
Daughter cells Cell plate formation in a plant cell (SEM)
Binary Fission
10.8
Cell Cycle Control
10.9
Growth Factors
Stimulate cells to divide Without growth factors cells “freeze” in G1 PDGF – plateletderived growth factor
10.9
Two Types of Growth Inhibition
Density-dependent inhibition
Anchorage dependent inhibition
Crowded cells stop dividing
Cells must be attached to a sub layer to divide
Cancer cells
10.10
Exhibit no inhibition
Cancer Cells
Do not respond normally to the body’s control mechanisms Form tumors Tumors can metastasize
Move to new areas of the body through blood or lymph and form new tumors
10.10
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