Cat 2009 English Test 52
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Cat 2009 English Test 52 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,971
- Pages: 3
http://www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=163
Archives
Forums
B-Schools
Events
MBA
Vocabulary
English Test 52 Directions for Questions from 1 to 3: The passage given below is followed by a question. Choose the most appropriate answer to question. To discover the relation between rules, paradigms, and normal science, consider first how the historian isolates the particular loci of commitment that have been described as accepted rules. Close historical investigation of a given specialty at a given time discloses a set of recurrent and quasistandard illustrations of various theories in their conceptual, observational, and instrumental applications. These are the community's paradigms, revealed in its textbooks, lectures, and laboratory exercises. By studying them and by practicing with them, the members of the corresponding community learn their trade. The historian, of course, will discover in addition a penumbral area occupied by achievements whose status is still in doubt, but the core of solved problems and techniques will usually be clear. Despite occasional ambiguities, the paradigms of a mature scientific community can be determined with relative ease. That demands a second step and one of a somewhat different kind. When undertaking it, the historian must compare the community's paradigms with each other and with its current research reports. In doing so, his object is to discover what isolable elements, explicit or implicit, the members of that community may have abstracted from their more global paradigms and deploy it as rules in their research. Anyone who has attempted to describe or analyze the evolution of a particular scientific tradition will necessarily have sought accepted principles and rules of this sort. Almost certainly, he will have met with at least partial success. But, if his experience has been at all like my own, he will have found the search for rules both more difficult and less satisfying than the search for paradigms. Some of the generalizations he employs to describe the community's shared beliefs will present more problems. Others, however, will seem a shade too strong. Phrased in just that way, or in any other way he can imagine, they would almost certainly have been rejected by some members of the group he studies. Nevertheless, if the coherence of the research tradition is to be understood in terms of rules, some specification of common ground in the corresponding area is needed. As a result, the search for a body of rules competent to constitute a given normal research tradition becomes a source of continual and deep frustration. Recognizing that frustration, however, makes it possible to diagnose its source. Scientists can agree that a Newton, Lavoisier, Maxwell, or Einstein has produced an apparently permanent solution to a group of outstanding problems and still disagree, sometimes without being aware of it, about the particular abstract characteristics that make those solutions permanent. They can, that is, agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it. Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research. Normal science can be determined in part by the direct inspection of paradigms, a process that is often aided by but does not depend upon the formulation of rules and assumption. Indeed, the existence of a paradigm need not even imply that any full set of rules exists.
1. The author of this passage is likely to agree with which of the following?
j Paradigms almost entirely define a scientific tradition. k l m n j A group of scientists investigating a phenomenon would benefit by defining a set of rules. k l m n j Acceptance by the giants of a tradition is a sine qua non for a paradigm to emerge k l m n j Choice of isolation mechanism determines the types of paradigm that may emerge from a tradition. k l m n j Paradigms are a general representation of rules and beliefs of a scientific tradition. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
2. The term ‘loci of commitment’ as used in the passage would most likely correspond with which of the following?
j Loyalty between a group of scientists in a research laboratory. k l m n j Loyalty between groups of scientists across research laboratories. k l m n j Loyalty to a certain paradigm of scientific inquiry. k l m n j Loyalty to global patterns of scientific inquiry. k l m n j Loyalty to evolving trends of scientific inquiry. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
3. What is the author attempting to illustrate through this passage?
j Relationships between rules, paradigms, and normal science. k l m n j How a historian would isolate a particular ‘loci of commitment’. k l m n j How a set of shared beliefs evolve in to a paradigm. k l m n j Ways of understanding a scientific tradition. k l m n j The frustrations of attempting to define a paradigm of a tradition. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 4 to 8:
The question below has a set of sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following: A. Facts, which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’) B. Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’) C. Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’) Select the answer option that best describes the set of statements.
4. 1. Inequitable distribution of all kinds of resources is certainly one of the strongest and most sinister sources of conflict. 2. Even without war, we know that conflicts continue to trouble us - they only change in character. 3. Extensive disarmament is the only insurance for our future; imagine the amount of resources that can be released and redeployed. 4. The economies of the industrialized western world derive 20% of their income from the sale of all kinds of arms.
j IJJI k l m n j JIJF k l m n j IIJF k l m n j JIIF k l m n j IJIF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
5. 1. We should not be hopelessly addicted to an erroneous belief that corruption in India is caused by the crookedness of Indians. 2. The truth is that we have more red tape - we take eighty-nine days to start a small business, Australians take two. 3. Red tape leads to corruption and distorts a people‘s character. 4. Every red tape procedure is a point of contact with an official, and such contacts have the potential to become opportunities for money to change hands.
j JFIF k l m n j JFJJ k l m n j JIJF k l m n j IFJF k l m n j JFJI k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
6. 1. According to all statistical indications, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has managed to keep pace with its ambitious goals. 2. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been a significant incentive for the poor to send their little ones to school, thus establishing the vital link between healthy bodies and healthy minds. 3. Only about 13 million children in the age group of 6 to 14 years are out of school. 4. The goal of universalisation of elementary education has to be a pre-requisite for the evolution and development of our country.
j IIFJ k l m n j JIIJ k l m n j IJFJ k l m n j IJFI k l m n j JIFI k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
7. 1. Given the poor quality of service in the public sector, the HIV/AIDS affected should be switching to private initiatives that supply anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) at a low cost. 2. The government has been supplying free drugs since 2004, and 35000 have benefited up to now oe though the size of the affected population is 150 times this number. 3. The recent initiatives of networks and companies like AIDS Care Network, Emcure, Reliance-Cipla-CII, would lead to availability of much-needed drugs to a larger number of affected people. 4. But how ironic it is that we should face a perennial shortage of drugs when India is one of the world‘s largest suppliers of generic drugs to the developing world.
j JFIJ k l m n j JIIJ k l m n j IFIJ k l m n j IFFJ k l m n j JFII k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
8. 1. So much of our day-to-day focus seems to be on getting things done, trudging our way through the tasks of living - it can feel like a treadmill that gets you nowhere; where is the childlike joy? 2. We are not doing the things that make us happy; that which brings us joy; the things that we cannot wait to do because we enjoy them so much. 3. This is the stuff that joyful living ismade of – identifying your calling and committing yourself wholeheartedly to it. 4. When this happens, each moment becomes a celebration of you; there is a rush of energy that comes with feeling completely immersed in doing what you love most.
j IIIJ k l m n j IFIJ k l m n j JFJJ k l m n j JJJJ k l m n j JFII k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
9. Each statement has a part missing. Choose the best option from the four options given below the statement to make up the missing part. ; Many people suggest _________________ and still others would like to convince people not to buy pirated cassettes
j to bring down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidence of music piracy, others advocate strong legal action against the offenders, k l m n j bringing down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidents of music piracy, others are advocating strong legal action against offenders, k l m n j bringing down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidence of music piracy, others advocate strong legal action against offenders, k l m n j audiocassette prices to be brought down to reduce incidence of music piracy, others advocate that strong legal action must be taken against k l m n offenders, j None of these k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
10.
Each statement has a part missing. Choose the best option from the four options given below the statement to make up the missing part. ; Archaeologists believe that the pieces of red-ware pottery excavated recently near Bhavnagar and _____________shed light on a hitherto dark 600-year period in the Harappan history of Gujarat.
j estimated with a reasonable certainty as being about 3400 years old, k l m n j are estimated reasonably certain to be about 3400 years old k l m n j estimated at about 3400 years old with reasonable certainty, k l m n j estimated with reasonable certainty to be about 3400 years old, k l m n j None of these k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Take this test online © Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved.
Archives
Forums
B-Schools
Events
MBA
Vocabulary
English Test 52 Directions for Questions from 1 to 3: The passage given below is followed by a question. Choose the most appropriate answer to question. To discover the relation between rules, paradigms, and normal science, consider first how the historian isolates the particular loci of commitment that have been described as accepted rules. Close historical investigation of a given specialty at a given time discloses a set of recurrent and quasistandard illustrations of various theories in their conceptual, observational, and instrumental applications. These are the community's paradigms, revealed in its textbooks, lectures, and laboratory exercises. By studying them and by practicing with them, the members of the corresponding community learn their trade. The historian, of course, will discover in addition a penumbral area occupied by achievements whose status is still in doubt, but the core of solved problems and techniques will usually be clear. Despite occasional ambiguities, the paradigms of a mature scientific community can be determined with relative ease. That demands a second step and one of a somewhat different kind. When undertaking it, the historian must compare the community's paradigms with each other and with its current research reports. In doing so, his object is to discover what isolable elements, explicit or implicit, the members of that community may have abstracted from their more global paradigms and deploy it as rules in their research. Anyone who has attempted to describe or analyze the evolution of a particular scientific tradition will necessarily have sought accepted principles and rules of this sort. Almost certainly, he will have met with at least partial success. But, if his experience has been at all like my own, he will have found the search for rules both more difficult and less satisfying than the search for paradigms. Some of the generalizations he employs to describe the community's shared beliefs will present more problems. Others, however, will seem a shade too strong. Phrased in just that way, or in any other way he can imagine, they would almost certainly have been rejected by some members of the group he studies. Nevertheless, if the coherence of the research tradition is to be understood in terms of rules, some specification of common ground in the corresponding area is needed. As a result, the search for a body of rules competent to constitute a given normal research tradition becomes a source of continual and deep frustration. Recognizing that frustration, however, makes it possible to diagnose its source. Scientists can agree that a Newton, Lavoisier, Maxwell, or Einstein has produced an apparently permanent solution to a group of outstanding problems and still disagree, sometimes without being aware of it, about the particular abstract characteristics that make those solutions permanent. They can, that is, agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it. Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research. Normal science can be determined in part by the direct inspection of paradigms, a process that is often aided by but does not depend upon the formulation of rules and assumption. Indeed, the existence of a paradigm need not even imply that any full set of rules exists.
1. The author of this passage is likely to agree with which of the following?
j Paradigms almost entirely define a scientific tradition. k l m n j A group of scientists investigating a phenomenon would benefit by defining a set of rules. k l m n j Acceptance by the giants of a tradition is a sine qua non for a paradigm to emerge k l m n j Choice of isolation mechanism determines the types of paradigm that may emerge from a tradition. k l m n j Paradigms are a general representation of rules and beliefs of a scientific tradition. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
2. The term ‘loci of commitment’ as used in the passage would most likely correspond with which of the following?
j Loyalty between a group of scientists in a research laboratory. k l m n j Loyalty between groups of scientists across research laboratories. k l m n j Loyalty to a certain paradigm of scientific inquiry. k l m n j Loyalty to global patterns of scientific inquiry. k l m n j Loyalty to evolving trends of scientific inquiry. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
3. What is the author attempting to illustrate through this passage?
j Relationships between rules, paradigms, and normal science. k l m n j How a historian would isolate a particular ‘loci of commitment’. k l m n j How a set of shared beliefs evolve in to a paradigm. k l m n j Ways of understanding a scientific tradition. k l m n j The frustrations of attempting to define a paradigm of a tradition. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 4 to 8:
The question below has a set of sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following: A. Facts, which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘F’) B. Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an ‘I’) C. Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a ‘J’) Select the answer option that best describes the set of statements.
4. 1. Inequitable distribution of all kinds of resources is certainly one of the strongest and most sinister sources of conflict. 2. Even without war, we know that conflicts continue to trouble us - they only change in character. 3. Extensive disarmament is the only insurance for our future; imagine the amount of resources that can be released and redeployed. 4. The economies of the industrialized western world derive 20% of their income from the sale of all kinds of arms.
j IJJI k l m n j JIJF k l m n j IIJF k l m n j JIIF k l m n j IJIF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
5. 1. We should not be hopelessly addicted to an erroneous belief that corruption in India is caused by the crookedness of Indians. 2. The truth is that we have more red tape - we take eighty-nine days to start a small business, Australians take two. 3. Red tape leads to corruption and distorts a people‘s character. 4. Every red tape procedure is a point of contact with an official, and such contacts have the potential to become opportunities for money to change hands.
j JFIF k l m n j JFJJ k l m n j JIJF k l m n j IFJF k l m n j JFJI k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
6. 1. According to all statistical indications, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has managed to keep pace with its ambitious goals. 2. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been a significant incentive for the poor to send their little ones to school, thus establishing the vital link between healthy bodies and healthy minds. 3. Only about 13 million children in the age group of 6 to 14 years are out of school. 4. The goal of universalisation of elementary education has to be a pre-requisite for the evolution and development of our country.
j IIFJ k l m n j JIIJ k l m n j IJFJ k l m n j IJFI k l m n j JIFI k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
7. 1. Given the poor quality of service in the public sector, the HIV/AIDS affected should be switching to private initiatives that supply anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) at a low cost. 2. The government has been supplying free drugs since 2004, and 35000 have benefited up to now oe though the size of the affected population is 150 times this number. 3. The recent initiatives of networks and companies like AIDS Care Network, Emcure, Reliance-Cipla-CII, would lead to availability of much-needed drugs to a larger number of affected people. 4. But how ironic it is that we should face a perennial shortage of drugs when India is one of the world‘s largest suppliers of generic drugs to the developing world.
j JFIJ k l m n j JIIJ k l m n j IFIJ k l m n j IFFJ k l m n j JFII k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
8. 1. So much of our day-to-day focus seems to be on getting things done, trudging our way through the tasks of living - it can feel like a treadmill that gets you nowhere; where is the childlike joy? 2. We are not doing the things that make us happy; that which brings us joy; the things that we cannot wait to do because we enjoy them so much. 3. This is the stuff that joyful living ismade of – identifying your calling and committing yourself wholeheartedly to it. 4. When this happens, each moment becomes a celebration of you; there is a rush of energy that comes with feeling completely immersed in doing what you love most.
j IIIJ k l m n j IFIJ k l m n j JFJJ k l m n j JJJJ k l m n j JFII k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
9. Each statement has a part missing. Choose the best option from the four options given below the statement to make up the missing part. ; Many people suggest _________________ and still others would like to convince people not to buy pirated cassettes
j to bring down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidence of music piracy, others advocate strong legal action against the offenders, k l m n j bringing down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidents of music piracy, others are advocating strong legal action against offenders, k l m n j bringing down audiocassette prices to reduce the incidence of music piracy, others advocate strong legal action against offenders, k l m n j audiocassette prices to be brought down to reduce incidence of music piracy, others advocate that strong legal action must be taken against k l m n offenders, j None of these k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
10.
Each statement has a part missing. Choose the best option from the four options given below the statement to make up the missing part. ; Archaeologists believe that the pieces of red-ware pottery excavated recently near Bhavnagar and _____________shed light on a hitherto dark 600-year period in the Harappan history of Gujarat.
j estimated with a reasonable certainty as being about 3400 years old, k l m n j are estimated reasonably certain to be about 3400 years old k l m n j estimated at about 3400 years old with reasonable certainty, k l m n j estimated with reasonable certainty to be about 3400 years old, k l m n j None of these k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Take this test online © Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved.
Related Documents
Cat 2009 English Test 52
May 2020 2
Cat 2009 Quant Test 52
May 2020 1
Cat 2009 Di Test 52
July 2020 0
Cat 2009 English Test 94
May 2020 1
Cat 2009 English Test 105
May 2020 0