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English Test 105 Directions for Questions from 1 to 5: In each of the questions, four different ways of presenting an idea are given. Choose the one that conforms most closely to standard English usage.
1. A. If precision of thought had facilitated precision of behaviour, and if reflection had preceded action, it would be ideal for humans. B. It would be ideal for humans if reflection preceded action and precision of thought facilitated precision of behaviour. C. It would be ideal for humans if precedence of reflection was followed by action and precision of thought, by precise behaviour. D. It would have been ideal for humans, if precise action and behaviour preceded precise reflection.
j A k l m n j B k l m n j C k l m n j D k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
2. A. From the sixteenth century onwards, people started feeling disdainful and self-conscious about their body and its products that led to a heightened focus on emotional and bodily regulations. B. The heightened focus on controlling the body and emotions comes from disdain and selfconsciousness about the body and its products, found in the sixteenth century. C. From the sixteenth century onwards, a growing disdain for and self-consciousness about the body and its products took hold, leading to a heightened focus on emotional and bodily regulation. D. The heightened focus on emotional and bodily regulations started from the sixteenth century onwards, when people felt disdain and selfconsciousness about the body and its products.
j A k l m n j B k l m n j C k l m n j D k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
3. A. The running of large businesses consist of getting somebody to make something that somebody else sold to somebody else for more than its cost. B. The running of a large business consists of getting somebody to make something that somebody else will sell to somebody else for more than it costs. C. The running of a large business consists of getting somebody to sell something that somebody else made for more than it cost. D. The running of large businesses consist of getting somebody to make something else that somebody else will sell to somebody else for more than it costs.
j A k l m n j B k l m n j C k l m n j D k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
4. A. Creativity in any field is regarded not only as valuable for itself but also as a service to the nation. B. Creativity in any field is not regarded only as valuable on its own, but also as a service to the nation. C. Creativity, in any field, is not only regarded as valuable, but also as a service to the nation. [3] D. Creativity in any field is regarded not only as valuable in itself but also as a service to the nation.
j A k l m n j B k l m n
j C k l m n j D k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
5. A. We are forced to fall back on fatalism as an explanation of irrational events. B. We are forced to falling back on the fatalism as an explanation of irrational events. C. We are forced to fall back on fatalism as explanations of irrational events. D. We are forced to fall back to fatalism as an explanation of irrational events
j A k l m n j B k l m n j C k l m n j D k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 6 to 10: In each question below a set of four statements is given, followed by five answer options to categorise these statements as facts, inferences, and judgments. Consider the statements and decide which of the choices out of the four given is true. F: Fact: If it relates to a known matter of direct observation, or an existing reality or something known to be true. J: Judgment: If it is an opinion or estimate or anticipation of common sense or intention. I: Inference: If it is a logical conclusion or deduction about something, based on the knowledge of facts
6. 1. Moody’s Investors’ Service, in its latest analysis of the country’s budget 2007, pointed out the profound dilemmas of poverty and lack of inclusion though the economic growth rate is unprecedented. 2. Moody’s may not be out of place in believing that in providing higher allocations to education, health and infrastructure, the thrust of the fiscal planners is to achieve “shining India” feeling. 3. The reduction of indirect taxes and excise duties is not an effective anti-dote to the inflationary pressures and rising prices are a serious jolt to the growing economy 4. The 2007-08 Budget confirms the helplessness of the policy makers who admit that higher interest rates and increasing market volatility may dampen the spirit of the investors.
j IIJF k l m n j FJIF k l m n j FJJI k l m n j FIIF k l m n j FIIF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
7. 1. The Union Budget 2007 has proposed Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme to check the growing drop out rate of children in the schools situated in rural and tribal areas. 2. The pro-poor philosophy was evident in the budget of 2007 as the Finance Minister proposed hike in divided distribution tax, and imposed fringe benefit tax on the salaried people. 3. Inflationary pressure compelled the Finance Minister to reduce the peak rate of custom duty to match the lower Asian levels though the dual excise duty structure on cement worried the Finance Minister. 4. The logic behind the duty cut was explained as the Finance Minister said “I have put these revenues to good use to promote growth, equity and social justice.”
j FJII k l m n j FIIF k l m n j IFFJ k l m n j IJFI k l m n j FFJF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
8. 1. In the fourth budget speech of Mr. P Chidambram, there was almost nothing for industry, except for the lowering of peak rate of customs duty, and a hike in dividends distribution tax. 2. The logic of the Finance Minster must have been that since both industry and stock markets had been on the path of growth, there was no need to concede more sops to them. 3. The Sensex reacted sharply and it plummeted 540 points on the budget day. 4. The Finance Minister stated that the farm sector had grown by a mere 2.3% compared to the desired level of 4% in the 10th plan, and found wisdom in Nehru’s comment that “everything else
can wait, but not agriculture”
j IIJF k l m n j JIFF k l m n j JIIF k l m n j IIFJ k l m n j IIFF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
9. 1. The Director of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences opines that in India the socio-economic profile shows dismal picture, as the majority of volunteers are poor, illiterate, and prone to exploitation by the drug makers. 2. In the last ten years, the pharma industry has grown in size but the regulatory staff of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) remains the same; a team of only 10 professionals to monitor the drug abuse. 3. There is no publicly accessible national data available in the country to check the drug abuse and often medical devices are not notified by the drug makers. 4. Violations under the Drugs Abuse Act are a punishable offence but the drug makers are aware of the loopholes of the Drugs Act and they often go unpunished.
j IFIJ k l m n j JFJF k l m n j IJFI k l m n j IFFJ k l m n j FFFI k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
10. 1. The pharma companies in India often conduct controversial clinical trials exploiting the ignorant and illiterate volunteers. 2. Minster of State for Health Panbaka Lakshmi raised this issue in the Parliament ordering an inquiry against “Shreen Cancer Institute of Tamil Nadu”. 3. Full length debate followed in the Parliament and the Union Cabinet constituted a Central drug authority to check and monitor the illegal clinical trials by the drug makers. 4. There have been many instances of drugs being tested without consent. It is maintained by the Enquiry Proceedings that Sun Pharma’s Letrozole was illegally tried on 400 women.
j IFFJ k l m n j IFIF k l m n j IFFF k l m n j IFIJ k l m n j JFJF k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
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