Case Study(dm)

I. Health history A. Demographic profile Name: R.G Gender: Male Age: 41 years old Birth date: September 23, 1967 Birth place: Pasig , Metro Manila Marital status: Married Nationality: Filipino Religion: Born Again- Christian Address: Brgy. Pantihan 3, Maragondon, Cavite Educational background: High school graduate Occupation: Factory worker in Monterey Usual source of medical care: Doctor/Healthcare Professional B. Source and reliability of information The patient R.G is the primary source of information. He is conscious and coherent, able to speak Tagalog fluently. His wife is also considered as source of information regarding patient status and condition. C. Reasons for seeking care or chief complaint (Top 3) 1st – insufficient sleep at night 2nd – loss of his weight 3rd – scaly of skin

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D. History of present illness Patient R.G was handled during our duty at Brgy. Pantihan 3, Maragondon,,Cavite with the chief complaint of insufficient sleep at night, loss of his weight and scaly of skin. The laboratory test and special treatment for the patient are not applicable because this case is base on community setting. E. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY OR PAST HEALTH •

Pediatric/childhood -Incomplete immunization- (-) serious illness on this stage

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Injuries or accidents -1992, right leg accident due to mishandling of machine

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Serious or chronic illness -December 2003, Diabetes Mellitus diagnosed clinically -2x FBS result 300mg/dl -2006 Pulmonary Tuberculosis, diagnosed clinically -Chest X-ray and sputum AFB examination -2007 Urinary Tract Infections -Urinalysis (pyuria)

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Hospitalization -1992, Water Rose General Hospital Admitting diagnosis: Right leg machine accident

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-December 2003, Rizal Medical Center, Pasig City, Metro Manila Admitting diagnosis: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 •

Operation -not applicable

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Obstetric History -not applicable

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Immunizations -incomplete immunization (unrecalled)

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Allergies -No known allergies to food and medication

•

Medication -Metformin 500mg/tab 1 tab TID p.c. -Gliclezide 80mg/tab 1 tab OD a.c. -Vitamin B Complex tablet 1 tab OD -Alaxan 500mg/tab (Paracetamol + Ibuprofen) 1 tab PRN for fever and pain

•

Last Examination Date -July 2007 (OPD case), Philippine General Hospital, Taft Avenue, Manila 3

F. FAMILY HISTORY

(+) DM

83 y/o

55 y/o

(+)

(+)

CVA

HPN

39 y/o

38 y/o

37 y/o

41 y/o (+) DM

LEGEND:

37y/o

Female Male Patient

16 y/o

15 y/o

1 3 y/

1 1 y/

9 y/o

2 y/ o

Deceased

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G. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS Mr. R.G. lives in their own house at Pantihan 3, Maragondon, Cavite. His wife is selling and making barbeque sticks as the source of their income while his 16 years old son works as a vendor in a wet market at Dasmarinas, Cavite as additional source of income. They also received financial support from their relatives in Pasig. They can be measured up as to poor class family. The patient has no history of drinking alcohol and cigarette smoking.

H. DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY A person may experience midlife crisis between the ages of 35-45 years old, the “deadline decade”. This occurs when the individual recognizes that he has reached the halfway mark of life and according to Erik Erikson, the developmental task of the middle-aged adult is Generativity vs. Stagnation. As to our patient, who belongs to a middle age group and is suffering from a lifethreatening condition, he had experienced this developmental crisis, which led him to be non-productive. Being non-productive led him to be stagnant after the occurrence and diagnosis of his disease which made him to be dependent with his family, he can’t attend, function and be able to accomplish his responsibilities as a father, a husband and as part of the community.

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I. REVIEW OF SYSTEMS AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Subjective

Objective

“Ito nangangayat na dahil sa

Weight: 35 kg. (July 10, 2009)

sakit ko” as verbalized by the

87 kg. (December 2003)

General

patient. (+) wt. loss 48kg. (+) numbness at times(lower extremities) (+)excessive sweats, axilla (+)weakness (-)malaise (-)chills (-)fever BP- 130/80

Temp. – 36.5 °C

Integument

Skin: “Hindi makati sa binti, pero ang

(+)itchiness (upper extremities)

braso, nangangati” as verbalized

(+)scaly skin

by the patient.

(-)history of skin disease

“Dati malago ang buhok ko” as

Thinning of hair, evenly distributed

verbalized by the patient.

(+)itchy scalp (scratching)

Hair:

(+)Oily hair 6

Nails: “Ito matigas na ang kuko ko

(+)clubbing of nails (long nails)

kumpara dati” as verbalized by

(+)Yellowish nail beds

the patient. Amount of sun exposure: Exposure to sunlight every morning Head: “Sumasakit ang ulo ko na parang

(+)frequent headache

tinutusok” as verbalized by the

(+)dizziness

patient.

(-) lumps

“Malabo na ang paningin ko” as

(+)blurry vision

verbalized by the patient.

(+)PERRLA

Eyes:

(+)Anicteric sclera (+)Pale conjunctiva (+)itchiness (-)discharge Ears: “Malinaw pa naman ang

Both ears hears well when the examiner

pandinig ko, pero may sumasakit

is 3 feet away

minsan” as verbalized by the

(-)cerumen

patient.

(-)discharge

Mouth and Throat:

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“Medyo hirap akong lumunok”

(+)difficulty in swallowing

as verbalized by the patient.

(+)lesions on tongue (+)dental carries (+)hoarseness of voice Pink tonsils (-)bleeding gums (+) gag reflex

Neck: “Wala naming problema sa leeg

(-)stiffness

ko” as verbalized by the patient.

(-)pain (+)palpable bilateral lymphs

Breasts and Axillae: “Pawisin ang kilikili ko” as

(+)excessive sweating, axilla

verbalized by the patient.

(-)lump (-)pain (-)rash (-)nipple discharge

Respiratory: “Medyo nahihirapan akong

RR – 28 bpm

huminga” as verbalized by the

(+)difficulty of breathing

patient.

(+)wheezes on both lungs (+)barrel chest Productive cough (+)green sputum History of lung disease: pneumonia, PTB, 2006 Last chest x-ray: 2007

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Cardiovascular Central: “Paminsan- minsan sumasakit

(+)chest pain

ang dibdib ko” as verbalized by

(+)dyspnea on exertion (bed to chair)

the patient.

(+)nocturia

Peripheral: (+)coldness(general) (+)pallor in hands (+)clubbing of nails (+)tingling (sole of feet) (-)numbness (-)varicose veins (-)ulcers 0-1 second, capillary refill

Gastrointestinal: “Eto madalas magan ako

(+)good appetite

kumain” as verbalized by the

Food intake tolerated

patient.

(+)minimal dysphagia (-)hematemesis Frequency of BM: 3x a week Characteristic of stool: yellowishbrown in color, formed in consistency (+)constipation (arch and formed stool) (-)hemorrhoids 9

Urinary: “Ihi ako ng ihi” as verbalized by

(+)polyuria

the patient.

(+)dysuria (+)nocturia Dark Yellow in color History of urinary disease: UTI(2006)

Genitalia: Refused Musculoskeletal: “Kumikirot ang kasukasuan at

(+)minimal pain, knee area and ankle

buto-buto ko” as verbalized by

(+)pain, calf area

the patient.

(+)lower back pain, radiating (+)weakness, leg muscles

Neurologic: “Alam ko pa naman ang mga

(-)history of seizure, stroke, fainting

sinasabi ko ngayon” as verbalized by the patient.

Mental: (-)nervousness (+)depression Self-pity and crying Motor function: (-)tremors (-)paralysis

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Sensory function: Oriented to time, person and place Hematologic: “Pagkakaalam ko,wala naman

(-)bruises

akong sakit sa dugo” as

(+)palpable lymph nodes

verbalized by the patient.

(+)bleeding tendency of skin (scaly skin) (-)history of Blood Transfusion

Endocrine: “Sa pamilya naming may

(+)DM, type II

Diabetes, kaya ako merong

(+)polydypsia

Diabetes” as verbalized by the

(+)polyuria

patient.

(+)polyphagia (+)weight loss (+)change in skin texture, scaly skin (+)excessive sweating, axilla (-)nervousness (-)tremors

J. FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT I. Health Perception/Health Management Pattern Mr. R.G. is a 41 yrs old, male and seriously ill person. Once he felt something wrong about his condition, he seeks for medical advice. Occasionally, he also had colds in the past. Last

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December 2003, after a consultation from a physician and with accompanying lab result of blood sugar level (2x done, result is increased 300mg/dl) he was diagnosed of DM type 2. The client believes that he acquired his illness from his grandfather who also had Diabetes Mellitus. According to Mr. R.G., eating nutritious food, exercise and religiously taking of prescribed medication or what nurse’s and Doctor’s advise/suggest will keep him healthy. Due to financial incapacity, this regimen was not taken into consideration. II. Self Esteem, Self Concept/Self Perception Pattern Before he was diagnosed with DM type 2, Mr. R.G. is a responsible husband and father to his wife and kids. He was able to provide the needs of his family. The client possessed a jolly and fun loving type of personality. Since his illness started, most of the time, he felt self-pity and worthless. He is always irritable and angry when he thinks that he was ignored. Because of his condition he became more depress and the only thing that gave him hope and strength is through prayer. III. Activity-Exercise Pattern Perceived ability for: (Refer to Functional Level Code) Feeding Bathing Toileting Bed Mobility Dressing Functional Level Code

Level II Level II Level II Level II Level II

Grooming General Mobility Cooking House Maintenance Shopping

Level II Level II Level IV Level IV Level IV

Level 0 Level I Level II Level III

Full Self Care Requires Use of Equipment or Device Requires Assistance or Supervision from Another Person Requires Assistance or Supervision from Another Person and

Level IV

device Is Dependent and Does Not Participate

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IV. Sleep/Rest Pattern The patient had altered sleep pattern. Each day he only had a maximum of 2 hours of sleep and despite of that he still fells god upon waking up. He said sometimes the pain he felt put him into sleep. V. Nutritional/ Elimination The patient usually takes a glass of milk in his breakfast and he takes heavy meals more frequently but after eating he usually felt stomach ache. He has supplements of vitamin Bcomplex. He typically drinks more than an 8 glasses of water per day. Patient stated that prior to his illness he weighted 87kgs but at present he weighs 39kgs. We noticed that the patient skin is scaly all over his body. He also have lesion in his tongue and positive dental carries. The patient usually had 3x bowel movement per week with a dark yellowish brown color stool, with hard formed in consistency. On the other hand he noted that he frequently void with dark yellow in color urine and felt some discomfort when urinating. During the day patient is experiencing excessive sweating in his armpit. VI. Sexually- Reproductive Pattern The patient is inactive in sexual intercourse due to present condition VII. Interpersonal Relationship / Resources Patient can speak and understand English and Tagalog. He can clearly express himself. He has 6 children and they were close to each other. Before patient is very active and usually socializes with his neighbors. Patient R.G’s family was very supportive and understanding, now that he is battling with his disease. The patient is dependent due to his illness.

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VIII. Coping and Stress Tolerance Before when patient R.G is anxious he wants to be alone, when he is stressed, he prefers to drink liquor and involved himself in gambling. When he was diagnosed of DM Type 2 there have been many changes occurred that made difficult for him to adjust. He cannot perform the usual activities that he had before. When patient R.G is stressed, he prefers to cry until he falls asleep. When it comes to problem, he tried to calm himself through prayers. IX. Values-Belief Pattern Patient R.G is a Born Again Christian, before according to the client he always hears mass every Sunday with his family. Due to his illness he wasn’t able to go to mass. According to the patient there are many practices affects his illness. He wasn’t able to follow therapeutic regimen due to financial problem and a strong faith to God helps him to get through all the suffering he has. After what happened, patient R.G is still not seeking for medical assistance due to financial problem. Religious effort is still a part of patient R.G.’s life. X. Personal Habits Before, patient R.G. used to maintain a good personal hygiene and had a diet without restriction. He used to work as a factory worker 6 days per week and was able to help in doing household chores when he got home. He had a good sleep pattern of almost 8 hours at night. Every Sunday he goes to mass with his family and occasionally at his free time he drinks and smoke with his friends. At present, due to his illness, patient R.G wasn’t able to perform his usual routine. He had to stopped from working in able to attend his health needs and become dependent to his family. II. PROBLEM LIST

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1. Imbalanced Nutrition Less than body requirements 2. Disturbed Sleep Pattern 3. Impaired Skin Integrity 4. Activity Intolerance 5. Risk for Infection 6. Risk for Falls 7. Risk for Security III. A.) ACTUAL OR ACTIVE PROBLEM Problem No.

Problem Imbalanced

1

Nutrition Less

Date Identified July 09, 2009

Date Resolved Remarks July 16, 2009 Client appetite was increase.

than body requirements Disturbed Sleep

2

July 09, 2009

July 16, 2009

Pattern Impaired Skin 3

Integrity Activity

4

The client can sleep now from 4-8 hours

July 09, 2009 July 09, 2009

Intolerance

July 16, 2009

unlike before. The wound is clean

July 16, 2009

and dry. The client able to perform some minimal ADL

B.) High Risk or Potential Problem No.

Problem

Date Identified

1

Risk for infection

July 09, 2009

2

Risk for Falls

July 16, 2009

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3

Risk for Security

July 16, 2009

IV. NURSING CARE PLAN V. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VII. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT VIII. PROGRESS NOTES IX. DISCHARGE HEALTH TEACHING PLANS X. SUMMARY OF CLIENT STATUS OR CONDITION AS OF LAST DAY OR CONTACT

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