Caiet-de-lucru-individual.docx

UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DE MEDICINA ŞI FARMACIE "NICOLAE TESTEMIŢANU"

Catedra Filosofie şi Bioetică

BIOETICA – lucru individual –

Student ___________________ grupa________

Profesor _______________________

Chişinău 2019 1

Cuprins 1. INTRODUCERE ÎN BIOETICĂ 2. ASPECTE CLINICE ALE BIOETICII 3. PROBLEME BIOETICE ÎN REPRODUCEREA UMANĂ 4. PROBLEME BIOETICE PE FINAL DE VIAȚĂ 5. ASPECTE ETICE ÎN CERCETĂRILE BIOMEDICALE

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1. INTRODUCERE ÎN BIOETICĂ 1. Redați definiția eticii, moralei, eticii medicale și bioetica Etica

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. Morala

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. Etica medicală

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. Bioetica

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2. Definiți morala drept formă a conștiinței sociale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Caracterizați cele trei componente ale structurii morale: a. Activitatea morală ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. b. Relațiile morale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. c. Conștiința morală ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 4

Descrieți conținutul conștiinței morale: Normele morale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Principiile morale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Motivul și motivarea ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Aprecierea morală ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Categoriile fundamentale ale eticii și eticii medicale. Identificați și caracterizați categoriile fundamentale ale eticii ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Identificați și caracterizați categoriile fundamentale ale eticii medicale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 6

4. Traseele de dezvoltare a bioeticii. Traseul timpuriu în evoluția bioeticii ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Traseul istorico-conceptual de dezvoltare a bioeticii ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Etica biomedicală nord-americană ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Traseul vest-european în evoluția bioeticii și biodreptul ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Traseul teoretic al eticii tehnologiilor planetare (Bioetica globală a lui V.R. Potter) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 9

2. ASPECTE CLINICE ALE BIOETICII 1. Analizați reglementările internaționale și naționale: a. Convenția europeană Nr.1997 din 04.04.1997 pentru protecția drepturilor omului și a demnității ființei umane față de aplicațiile biologiei și medicinei (Convenția privind drepturile omului și biomedicina); b. Declarația Universală privind Bioetica și Drepturile Omului (Conferința Generală UNESCO, Paris, 19.10.2005); c. Codul deontologic al lucrătorului medical și farmaceutic (Hotărârea Guvernului Republicii Moldova, Nr.192 din 24.03.2017); d. Legea Republicii Moldova, Nr. 411 din 28.03.1995 privind ocrotirea sănătății; e. Legea Republicii Moldova, Nr. 264 din 27.10.2005 cu privire la exercitarea profesiunii de medic; f. Legea Republicii Moldova, Nr. 263 din 27.10.2005 cu privire la drepturile şi responsabilităţile pacientului. - Redați judecățile ce vizează principiile morale ale bioeticii, autoritatea medicului, acordul informat (consimțământul), confidențialitatea, erorile și greșelile medicale. - Specificați în ce document se întâlnește reglementarea. Principiile morale ale bioeticii ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 10

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________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Acordul sau consimțământul informat ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Confidențialitatea ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 12

Erorile și greșelile medicale ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 13

3. PROBLEME BIOETICE ÎN REPRODUCEREA UMANĂ 1. Analizați reglementările internaționale și naționale: a. Declaraţia generală cu privire la genomul omului şi drepturile omului (Conferința Generală UNESCO, 11 noiembrie 1997; b. Convenția europeană Nr.1997 din 04.04.1997 pentru protecția drepturilor omului și a demnității ființei umane față de aplicațiile biologiei și medicinei (Convenția privind drepturile omului și biomedicina); c. Declarația Universală privind Bioetica și Drepturile Omului (Conferința Generală UNESCO, Paris, 19.10.2005); d. Legea Republicii Moldova, Nr. 411 din 28.03.1995 privind ocrotirea sănătății; e. Legea Republicii Moldova Nr. 138 din 15.06.2012 privind sănătatea reproducerii; f. Ordinul Ministerului Sănătății Nr. 647 din 21.09.2010 cu privire la efectuarea întreruperii voluntare a cursului sarcinii în condiţii de siguranţă. -- Identificați statutul juridic a celulelor sexuale și embrionului ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 14

-- Realizați o analiză comparativă dintre statutul juridic și moral al embrionului; relevați eventualele dileme și contraziceri între ele ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. -- Evidențiați indicațiile sociale pentru întreruperea voluntară a cursului sarcinii după 12 săptămâni și până la sfârșitul săptămânii a 21 –a de sarcină _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

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-- Stabiliți din care model socio-cultural al bioeticii face parte respectivele indicații ________________________________________________________________________________. 15

-- Caracterizați nivelul de moralitate a acestor indicații ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. -- Redați condițiile morale și juridice cu privire la problema genomului uman ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 16

4. PROBLEME BIOETICE PE FINAL DE VIAȚĂ 1. Analizați reglementările internaționale și naționale: 1. Convenția Consiliului Europei împotriva traficului de organe umane, Santiago de Compostella, 25 martie 2015. 2. Legea Republicii Moldova, Nr. 42 din 06.03.2008 privind transplantul de organe, ţesuturi şi celule umane. -- Caracterizați noțiunile de bază privind transplantul de organe, ţesuturi şi celule umane relevate în norma juridică națională Organ___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Țesuturi_________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Celule___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Prelevare________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Transplant_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Donator_________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________; Primitor_________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 17

-- Identificați modul de distribuție a organelor, ţesuturilor şi celulelor ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. -- Condiții morale și juridice de prelevare de la cadavru ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 18

-- Condiții morale și juridice de prelevare de la un donator în viață ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 19

2. Analizați Regulamentul: Ordinul Ministerului Sănătății Nr.1022, din 30.12.2015 cu privire la organizarea serviciilor de îngrijiri paliative. -- Caracterizați noțiunile de bază privind activitatea de îngrijire paliativă Îngrijiri paliative ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Beneficiari de îngrijiri paliative ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Prestatori de servicii de îngrijiri paliative ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 20

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Echipă interdisciplinară ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Hospice ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Planul de îngrijiri paliative ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 21

-- Enumerați principiile îngrijirilor paliative 1_______________________________________________________________________________ 2_______________________________________________________________________________ 3_______________________________________________________________________________ 4_______________________________________________________________________________ 5_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6_______________________________________________________________________________ 7_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. -- Caracterizați drepturile, responsabilitățile și obligațiunilor subiecților implicați în activitatea paliativă nominalizate în Regulament ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 22

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5. ASPECTE ETICE ÎN CERCETĂRILE BIOMEDICALE 1. Expertiza bioetică în medicină şi biologie ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 25

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2. Strategia securității umane în contextul expertizei umanitare și bioetice. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 27

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3. Locul şi rolul expertizei bioetice în sistemul sănătății publice și menținerii sănătății omului. 28

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