C9

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١

Omar AL-Hourani

‫مقدمة ‪:Introduction‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺒﲎ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌـﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠـﻮﻡ‬‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪ Active‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪ Active :‬ﻋﻜﺲ ‪.Passive‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ ﻗﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‪) .‬ﻣﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪.(Active‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘﻞ‪) .‬ﻣﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.(Passive‬‬ ‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪‬ﻳﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋـﺐ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳛﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪ ،Auxiliary Verb‬ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻭﺗﺒﲎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﻀﻊ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻏﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪ ،by + Subject‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﺨﺼﹰﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ ،with + Subject‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ‪He
him , She
her … :‬‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺟﺪﻭ ﹰﻻ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻟﻸﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺭﺳـﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫صياغة المبني للمجھول ‪:Passive Voice‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪Subject + Verb.2 + Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪Object + were + Verb.3‬‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫‪ me , him , her , it‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪i‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.was‬‬ ‫‪ you‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ou , us , them‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.were‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪"" .‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ"‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﺮﻗﹶﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﺮﻗﹶﺖ‬

‫‪The car was stolen.‬‬ ‫‪stolen‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ stolen‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪ steal‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ steal‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﺫﺓ ‪Irregular‬‬ ‫‪ Verbs‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪steal - stole - stolen‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ"‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ"‬ ‫"ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻭ ﹸﻗﺘ‪‬ﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﰲ‬

‫‪Carlos was killed by John.‬‬ ‫‪John‬‬

‫"‪ ."John‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ "‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‪.‬‬

‫‪John killed Carlos.‬‬ ‫‪Carlos‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) They took‬‬ ‫‪to my car away.‬‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﻛﺴﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) They broke the window.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ "took‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪ "my car‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‪ "They‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ok‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹶﺕ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪My car was taken‬‬ ‫‪ken away by them.‬‬ ‫‪them‬‬

‫‪ "the‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪the window‬‬ ‫‪ "broke‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪window‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‪ "They‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪broke‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﹸﻛ ِ‬

‫‪The window was broken by them.‬‬ ‫‪them‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ"‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪Subject + Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1 + Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪is + Verb.‬‬ ‫‪Object +‬‬ ‫‪Verb.3‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬

‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ him , her , it‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.is‬‬ ‫‪ you‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ou , us , them‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.are‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪:me‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.am‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱠﺢ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﻄﱠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪The bridge is repaired everyday.‬‬ ‫‪The mountains‬‬ ‫‪mountain are covered with snow..‬‬

‫"‪ ،"snow‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ "‪ "with‬ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋـﻦ "‪ "by‬ﻷﻥ‬ ‫"‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻐﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﻄﹼﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "snow‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﺨﺼﹰﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪Snow covers the mountains.‬‬ ‫‪Snow‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻑ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) The wolves‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪eat the sheep.‬‬ ‫‪sheep‬‬

‫ﺯﻭﺟﱵ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﱐ ﺑﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) My wife calls me darling.‬‬ ‫‪darling.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ "the‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪the sheep‬‬ ‫‪ "eat‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪sheep‬‬ ‫‪ "The‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪eat‬‬ ‫‪The w‬‬ ‫"‪wolves‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻑ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄﻛﹶﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪The sheep are eaten by the wolves.‬‬ ‫‪wol .‬‬

‫"‪ "me‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "My‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ "call‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‬ ‫‪My wife‬‬ ‫"‪wife‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪I am called dar‬‬ ‫‪darling‬‬ ‫‪ing by my wife.‬‬ ‫‪wife‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ"‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪Verb-ing‬‬ ‫‪Verb ing + Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪+ Verb.3‬‬

‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪+ is +‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪+ is +‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬

‫‪being‬‬

‫‪Subject‬‬

‫‪Object‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺄﻝ‪" .‬ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬

‫‪John is being asked.‬‬ ‫‪ask .‬‬

‫‪The city hall is being rebuilt by the Council‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‪" .‬ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ " ‪ouncil.‬‬ ‫‪ ."the‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪the council‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ "‪council‬‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪" .‬ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬

‫‪The Council‬‬ ‫‪ouncil is rebuilding the city hall.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) He is reading the book.‬‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) They are building the house.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ "the‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪the book‬‬ ‫‪ "read‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪book‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‪ "He‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪read‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﺮ‪‬ﺃ‪" .‬ﺍﻵﻥ"‬

‫‪The book is being read by him.‬‬ ‫‪him.‬‬

‫"‪ "the house‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "build‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪house‬‬ ‫"‪ "They‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ld‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪" .‬ﺍﻵﻥ"‬

‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪he house is being built by them.‬‬ ‫‪them.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ"‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪+ Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪been + Verb.‬‬ ‫‪erb.3‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪Verb.3‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪has‬‬

‫‪+ have‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬

‫‪Subject‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪Object‬‬

‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ him , her , it‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.has‬‬ ‫‪ me , you‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ou , us , them‬‬‫ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪.have‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﻘ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪Someone has been arrested.‬‬ ‫‪arrested‬‬ ‫‪The car has been found by the police.‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫"‪ ."the police‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ "‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪The police have found the car.‬‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪ "by‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫‪" some‬‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ Someone‬ﻻ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ "‪omeone‬‬‫‪ Someone‬ﺗﻌﲏ "ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) The students have invited us to the party.‬‬ ‫‪party‬‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺮﻕ ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) Someone has stolen her book.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪/‬‬ ‫"‪ " invited‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪ "us‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "The students‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪invited‬‬ ‫"‪students‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪We have been invited to the party by the students.‬‬ ‫‪students.‬‬ ‫‪ "her‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪her book‬‬ ‫‪ "stolen‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪book‬‬ ‫‪ "Someone‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪stolen‬‬ ‫"‪Someone‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺳﺮﹺﻕ‪.‬‬

‫‪Her book has been stolen.‬‬ ‫‪stolen.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ"‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪Subject + will + Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬ ‫‪+ Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪Object + will + be + Verb.‬‬ ‫‪Verb.3‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ‪‬ﺗﺤ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺳﻮﻑ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻜﹶﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪The crime will be solved.‬‬ ‫‪solved.‬‬ ‫‪A few of crimes will be committed.‬‬ ‫‪committed‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) He will kill Mark.‬‬ ‫‪Mark.‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) She will buy the car.‬‬ ‫‪car‬‬

‫ﺟـ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ "Mark‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪ "kill‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪Mark‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‪ "He‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﺳﻮﻑ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﺘ‪‬ﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪Mark will be killed by him.‬‬ ‫‪him.‬‬

‫‪ "the‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪the car‬‬ ‫‪ "buy‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪car‬‬ ‫"‪ "She‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪buy‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺳﻮﻑ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎﻉ‪.‬‬

‫‪The car will be bought by her..‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ"‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪."can‬‬ ‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ "… ‪can , should , must ,‬‬‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪ Auxiliary Verbs‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬‫‪Subject + Aux Verb + Verb.1 + Object‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪:‬‬‫‪Object + Aux Verb + be + Verb.3‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺜﹶﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪The car can be found.‬‬ ‫‪found.‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬

‫‪She must be told.‬‬ ‫‪told‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬

:‫ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬/‫ﺱ‬ 1) They should not park their cars there. there .‫ﻢ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻮﺍ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‬ /‫ﺝ‬ :‫" ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬their their cars" cars ‫" ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬park park" ‫" ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬They" " ‫( ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬١ .‫ﻒ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬  ‫ﺗﻮ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻢ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻻ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍ‬ Their cars should not be parked there by them. them. "‫"ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬

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٩

Omar AL-Hourani AL

:‫جدول صيغ المبني للمجھول لجميع األزمنة‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬

Present Simple Present Progressive Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Past Simple Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive Future Simple Future Progressive Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive Future in the Past

O + (am/is/are) + V.3 O + (am/is/are) + being + V.3 O + (has/have) + been + V.3 O + (has/have) + been being + V.3 O + (was/were) + V.3 O + had being + V.3 O + had been + V.3 O + had been being + V.3 O + will be + V.3 O + will be being + V.3 O + will have been + V.3 O + will have been being + V.3 O + (was/were) + going to be + V.3 O + used to be + V.3 O + Aux Verb + be + V.3 O + (am/is/are) + going to be + V.3

Used to Auxiliary Verb be going to

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ O : Object , V.3 : ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

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١٠

Omar AL-Hourani

- Questions (1-9); rewrite these sentences beginning with the words in underline type: 1) They offered William a promotion. 2) They are testing the new system. 3) Someone reported that the riot was under control. 4) They may ban the film. 5) We have not used the car for ages. 6) The company has cut all salaries. 7) Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course. 8) Nobody informed the college that there had been a mistake. 9) The news about the exam results distressed Sidney. - Questions (10-17); choose the correct auxiliary verb to make sentence passive: 10) The castle … built in the 15th century. A. was B. is C. has been D. will be E. None of all above. 11) Is he … arrested as we speak? A. being B. been C. be D. will be E. None of all above. 12) All these houses … neglected for decades. A. will be B. are being C. has been D. have been E. None of all above. 13) There is no question that they … delighted when they see her tomorrow. A. have been B. had been C. were D. will have been E. None of all above. www.expenglish.com

١١

Omar AL-Hourani

14) The children … taken to school by bus every day. A. are B. have C. was D. had E. None of all above 15) I can assure you that this box … never been opened before I opened this morning. A. was B. will C. is D. had E. None of all above. 16) How many times have you … your house broken into? A. been B. had C. be D. have E. None of all above. 17) I'm sorry you can't come in at the moment because we … the house decorated right now. A. have had B. will have C. had D. are having E. None of all above.

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١٢

Omar AL-Hourani