C10
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www.expenglish.com
١
Omar AL-Hourani
مقدمة :Introduction ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻷﻧـﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢﺟﺪﹰﺍ.
صياغة النفي :Make of Negative ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: :Auxiliary Verbﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ V ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ (١ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ") "notﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ " "n'tﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ "ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ willﻓﻴﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ won'tﻭ canﻓﻴﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ can'tﻭ am , mayﻓﻼ ﳜﺘﺼﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ"(. ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ :Auxiliary Verbﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ do not (٢ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ):did not (didn't ( does not (doesn'tﺃﻭ ) (don'tﺃﻭ )doesn't ( ﻧﻀﻊ ) :do not (don'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ،ﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ I , You , We , Theyﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ. ﻧﻀﻊ ) :does not (doesn'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،sﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ He , She , Itﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ،ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. ﻧﻀﻊ ) :did not (didn'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ،ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ". .-ing ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ :ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ -sﺃﻭ ing ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ shall notﺇﱃ .shan't -ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺍ:
Omar AL-Hourani AL
٢
www.expenglish.com
/١-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He plays football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (does not/doesn't) play football.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You teach English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (do not/don't) teach English.
/٢-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He is playing football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "isﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (is not/isn't) playing football.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You are teaching English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "areﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (are not/aren't) teaching English.
ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲤﺸﻰ.
3) I am walking.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "amﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﲤﺸﻰ.
Omar AL-Hourani
3) I am not walking.
٣
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/٣-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He has played football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (has not/hasn't) played football.
ﺖ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﺭﺳ
2) You have taught English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "haveﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (have not/haven't) taught English.
/٤-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ. ﻫﻮ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ. 1) He has been writing a letter for two hours. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ. 1) He (has not/hasn't) been writing a letter for two hours. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ.
2) I have been having lunch.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "haveﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ.
2) I (have not/haven't) been having lunch.
/١-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He played football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) did not (didn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ. ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
Omar AL-Hourani
1) He (did not/didn't) play football.
٤
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ﺖ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺳ
2) You taught English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) did not (didn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (did not/didn't) teach English.
/٢-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He was playing football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (was not/wasn't) playing football.
ﺖ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺧ 2) You were watching the TV when she cried. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wereﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺖ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺧ 2) You (were not/weren't) watching the TV when she cried. /٣-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﹾﻜﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ. 1) He had played football before his leg was broken. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hadﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﹾﻜﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ. 1) He (had not/hadn't) played football before his leg was broken. /٤-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﺩ ﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ. 1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hadﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not
Omar AL-Hourani
٥
www.expenglish.com
ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺪ ﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ. 1) He (had not/hadn't) been studying English for two years before he got the job. /١-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ/ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ(.
1) He will go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He (will not/won't) go.
/٢-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ/ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ( ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ.
1) He will be sleeping.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ.
1) He (will not/won't) be sleeping.
/٣-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﺖ ﻟﻐﱵ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﻤﻠ 1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺖ ﻟﻐﱵ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﻤﻠ 1) I (will not/won't) have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. /٤-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺎ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ 1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not
Omar AL-Hourani
٦
www.expenglish.com
ﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺎ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ 1) I (will 'will not/won not won't) have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives arrives. /٤ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ: ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He would go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wouldﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He (would would not/wouldn't not wouldn't)) go.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ.
2) You were going to go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wereﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ.
2) You (were were not/weren't not weren't)) going to go.
/٥ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ:
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ canﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ " "notﻓﻨﻜﺘـﺐ cannotﻭﻟـﻴﺲ can notﻭﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ .can't ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ.
1) I can go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "canﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ.
1) I (cannot not/can't can't)) go.
ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ.
2) I should go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "shouldﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ.
2) I (should should not/shouldn't )not shouldn't shouldn't) go.
ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
3) He has to travel to Portugal. Portugal.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. Omar AL-Hourani AL
٧
www.expenglish.com
ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ. 3) He (does )does not/doesn't not/doesn't) have to travel to Portugal. ﻫﻮ ﺑﻄﻞ.
4)) He is a hero.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "isﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻼ. ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻄ ﹰ
4)) He (is is not/isn't not isn't) a hero.
ﺱ /ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
You have ve to travel to Portugal.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
You have a pen. pen.
ﺝ/ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ: You (have )have not/ haven't haven't) to travel to Portugal You (have )have not/haven't not haven't) a pen.. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ. ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ :ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ haveﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ" )ﻻﺣـﻆ ﻼ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ toﺑﻌﺪ " haveﺩﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"( ﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻓﻌـ ﹰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " "haveﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ haveﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﳝﻠﻚ" ﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " "haveﰲ ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀـﻊ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
You (do do not/don't not don't)) to travel to Portugal.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
You (do do not/don't not don't)) have a pen.
٨
www.expenglish.com
ﺱ /ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ﻫﻮ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
He has a pen..
ﺝ/ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ: He (does es not/do doesn't) has a pen. pen. ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ " "sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ "."have ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
He (does does not/don't not don't) have ve a pen.
ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ:
- have + -s has
النفي في األمر: Do not (Don'tﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﰲ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ :ﻧﻀﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ )(Don'tﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ .ﻣﺜﻞ: ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻖ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻲ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﺎ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻮﺍ ،ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻦ. ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻼ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ.
(Do Do not/Don't not Don't) worry. (Do Do not/Don't not Don't) eat this.
ﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻏﺒﻴﹰﺎ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﱐ ﻏﺒﻴﺔ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻏﺒﻴﺎﻥ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻏﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻏﺒﻴﺎﺕ. (Do Do not/Don't not Don't) be stupid. النفي بـ :never ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ neverﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ ،ﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ "ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ،ﺇﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ ،ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ". -ﻳﻮﺿﻊ neverﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
٩
www.expenglish.com
ﺱ/ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ :never I will talk to you later. He teaches English. He can play basketball. ﺝ/ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
I will never talk to you.
ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
He never teaches English.
ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
He can never play basketball.
:have no ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ "I have a pen" :ﻧﻜﺘـﺐ ،"I don't have a pen" :ﻭﻟﻜـﻦﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
I have no pen.
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ.
He has no car.
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ.
I have no idea.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
١٠
www.expenglish.com
Change these sentences to negative: 1) I like cheese. 2) We're married. 3) She has an old house. 4) He plays tennis on Saturdays. 5) I've already been to the bank. 6) I need some money. 7) I had lunch at 2 o'clock. 8) He's going to work. 9) I have a lot of cars. 10) I've already seen the tower of London. 11) He'll be having lunch at that time. 12) I had a shower at 4 o'clock. 13) We live in Madrid. 14) I've ever seen a snake. 15) He likes going to work. (use never)
www.expenglish.com
١١
Omar AL-Hourani
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Omar AL-Hourani
مقدمة :Introduction ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻷﻧـﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢﺟﺪﹰﺍ.
صياغة النفي :Make of Negative ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: :Auxiliary Verbﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ V ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ (١ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ") "notﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ " "n'tﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ "ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ willﻓﻴﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ won'tﻭ canﻓﻴﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ can'tﻭ am , mayﻓﻼ ﳜﺘﺼﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ"(. ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ :Auxiliary Verbﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ do not (٢ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ):did not (didn't ( does not (doesn'tﺃﻭ ) (don'tﺃﻭ )doesn't ( ﻧﻀﻊ ) :do not (don'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ،ﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ I , You , We , Theyﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ. ﻧﻀﻊ ) :does not (doesn'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،sﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ He , She , Itﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ،ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. ﻧﻀﻊ ) :did not (didn'tﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ،ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ". .-ing ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ :ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ -sﺃﻭ ing ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ shall notﺇﱃ .shan't -ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺍ:
Omar AL-Hourani AL
٢
www.expenglish.com
/١-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He plays football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (does not/doesn't) play football.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You teach English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (do not/don't) teach English.
/٢-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He is playing football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "isﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (is not/isn't) playing football.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You are teaching English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "areﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (are not/aren't) teaching English.
ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲤﺸﻰ.
3) I am walking.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "amﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﲤﺸﻰ.
Omar AL-Hourani
3) I am not walking.
٣
www.expenglish.com
/٣-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He has played football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (has not/hasn't) played football.
ﺖ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﺭﺳ
2) You have taught English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "haveﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (have not/haven't) taught English.
/٤-١ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ. ﻫﻮ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ. 1) He has been writing a letter for two hours. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ. 1) He (has not/hasn't) been writing a letter for two hours. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ.
2) I have been having lunch.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "haveﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ.
2) I (have not/haven't) been having lunch.
/١-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He played football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) did not (didn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ. ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
Omar AL-Hourani
1) He (did not/didn't) play football.
٤
www.expenglish.com
ﺖ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺳ
2) You taught English.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) did not (didn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
2) You (did not/didn't) teach English.
/٢-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He was playing football.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wasﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
1) He (was not/wasn't) playing football.
ﺖ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺧ 2) You were watching the TV when she cried. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wereﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺖ. ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺧ 2) You (were not/weren't) watching the TV when she cried. /٣-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﹾﻜﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ. 1) He had played football before his leg was broken. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hadﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﹾﻜﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ. 1) He (had not/hadn't) played football before his leg was broken. /٤-٢ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ ﺩ ﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ. 1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hadﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not
Omar AL-Hourani
٥
www.expenglish.com
ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺪ ﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ. 1) He (had not/hadn't) been studying English for two years before he got the job. /١-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ: ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ/ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ(.
1) He will go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He (will not/won't) go.
/٢-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ/ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ( ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ.
1) He will be sleeping.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ.
1) He (will not/won't) be sleeping.
/٣-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ: ﺖ ﻟﻐﱵ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﻤﻠ 1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺖ ﻟﻐﱵ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﻤﻠ 1) I (will not/won't) have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S. /٤-٣ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ: ﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺎ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ 1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "willﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not
Omar AL-Hourani
٦
www.expenglish.com
ﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺎ. ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ 1) I (will 'will not/won not won't) have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives arrives. /٤ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ: ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He would go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wouldﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ.
1) He (would would not/wouldn't not wouldn't)) go.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ.
2) You were going to go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "wereﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ.
2) You (were were not/weren't not weren't)) going to go.
/٥ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ:
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ canﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ " "notﻓﻨﻜﺘـﺐ cannotﻭﻟـﻴﺲ can notﻭﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ .can't ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ.
1) I can go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "canﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ.
1) I (cannot not/can't can't)) go.
ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ.
2) I should go.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "shouldﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ.
2) I (should should not/shouldn't )not shouldn't shouldn't) go.
ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
3) He has to travel to Portugal. Portugal.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﳓﺬﻑ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ sﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ. Omar AL-Hourani AL
٧
www.expenglish.com
ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ. 3) He (does )does not/doesn't not/doesn't) have to travel to Portugal. ﻫﻮ ﺑﻄﻞ.
4)) He is a hero.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "isﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ "."not ﻼ. ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻄ ﹰ
4)) He (is is not/isn't not isn't) a hero.
ﺱ /ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
You have ve to travel to Portugal.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
You have a pen. pen.
ﺝ/ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ: You (have )have not/ haven't haven't) to travel to Portugal You (have )have not/haven't not haven't) a pen.. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ. ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ :ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ haveﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ" )ﻻﺣـﻆ ﻼ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ toﺑﻌﺪ " haveﺩﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"( ﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻓﻌـ ﹰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " "haveﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ haveﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﳝﻠﻚ" ﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " "haveﰲ ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀـﻊ ) do not (don'tﺑﻌـﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻓﻌ ﹰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ. ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ.
You (do do not/don't not don't)) to travel to Portugal.
ﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
You (do do not/don't not don't)) have a pen.
٨
www.expenglish.com
ﺱ /ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ﻫﻮ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
He has a pen..
ﺝ/ ﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ: He (does es not/do doesn't) has a pen. pen. ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﻮ " "hasﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻪ " "sﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻧﻀﻊ ) does not (doesn'tﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ "."have ﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
He (does does not/don't not don't) have ve a pen.
ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ:
- have + -s has
النفي في األمر: Do not (Don'tﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﰲ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ :ﻧﻀﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ )(Don'tﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ .ﻣﺜﻞ: ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻖ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻲ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﺎ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻮﺍ ،ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻦ. ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻼ ﻫﺬﺍ ، .ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ.
(Do Do not/Don't not Don't) worry. (Do Do not/Don't not Don't) eat this.
ﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻏﺒﻴﹰﺎ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﱐ ﻏﺒﻴﺔ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻏﺒﻴﺎﻥ ، .ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻏﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻏﺒﻴﺎﺕ. (Do Do not/Don't not Don't) be stupid. النفي بـ :never ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ neverﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ ،ﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ "ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ،ﺇﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ ،ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ". -ﻳﻮﺿﻊ neverﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
٩
www.expenglish.com
ﺱ/ﺍﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ :never I will talk to you later. He teaches English. He can play basketball. ﺝ/ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
I will never talk to you.
ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
He never teaches English.
ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ.
He can never play basketball.
:have no ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ "I have a pen" :ﻧﻜﺘـﺐ ،"I don't have a pen" :ﻭﻟﻜـﻦﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻗﻠﻤﹰﺎ.
I have no pen.
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ.
He has no car.
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ.
I have no idea.
Omar AL-Hourani AL
١٠
www.expenglish.com
Change these sentences to negative: 1) I like cheese. 2) We're married. 3) She has an old house. 4) He plays tennis on Saturdays. 5) I've already been to the bank. 6) I need some money. 7) I had lunch at 2 o'clock. 8) He's going to work. 9) I have a lot of cars. 10) I've already seen the tower of London. 11) He'll be having lunch at that time. 12) I had a shower at 4 o'clock. 13) We live in Madrid. 14) I've ever seen a snake. 15) He likes going to work. (use never)
www.expenglish.com
١١
Omar AL-Hourani
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