Burn
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Burns
Cell destruction of
the layers of the skin and resultant depletion of fluid and electrolytes
Thermal : exposure to
flame Chemical: exposure to strong acids or alkali Electrical: Caused by electrical strong electrical current results in internal tissue injury
Burn Depth:
Superficial thickness burn (1st degree)- mild to severe erythema of skin, blanches with pressure – heals in 3-7 days Partial thickness burn(2nd degree) – large blisters; painful heals 2-3 weeks
Burn Depth:
Full thickness burns (3rd degree) – white yellow deep red to black (eschar) disruption of blood flow, no pain; scarring and wound contractures will develop. Grafting is required; healing takes weeks to months
Burn Depth:
Deep full thickness burn(4th degree) – Involves injury to muscle and bone= appears black(eschars) – hard and inelastic healing takes weeks to months; grafts are required
Decreased Cardiac output Related to Fluid shifts
Head and neck 9% Anterior trunk 18%
chest-9 abdomen-9) Posterior trunk-18%
(
Arms 9% each
(forearms only or upper arms only 4.5%) Legs – 18% each Perineum-1%
MANAGEMENT OF BURNS: Administer fluids as prescribed Maintain a high calorie, high protein diet Monitor intake and output Monitor for infections of burn site
Nitrofurazone ( Furacin) –
broad spectrum antibiotic ointment or cream – used when bacterial resistance to other drugs is a problem : apply 1/16 inch thick film directly to burn
Mafenide ( Sulfamylon) –
water soluble cream bacteriostatic gr + bacteria- apply 1/16 inch directly to burn – notify physician if hyperventilation occurs as this drug may ppt. metabolic acidosis.
Silver Sulfadiazene
( Silvadene) – cream Broad spectrum to gr+ - ; does not cause metabolic acidosis – keep burn covered at all times with Sulfadiazine – (1/16 inch thick);
Monitor CBC – causes leukopenia
Silver Nitrate – Antiseptic
solution against gr-, dressings are applied to the burn and then kept moist with Silver nitrate ; used on extensive burns that may precipitate fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Cell destruction of
the layers of the skin and resultant depletion of fluid and electrolytes
Thermal : exposure to
flame Chemical: exposure to strong acids or alkali Electrical: Caused by electrical strong electrical current results in internal tissue injury
Burn Depth:
Superficial thickness burn (1st degree)- mild to severe erythema of skin, blanches with pressure – heals in 3-7 days Partial thickness burn(2nd degree) – large blisters; painful heals 2-3 weeks
Burn Depth:
Full thickness burns (3rd degree) – white yellow deep red to black (eschar) disruption of blood flow, no pain; scarring and wound contractures will develop. Grafting is required; healing takes weeks to months
Burn Depth:
Deep full thickness burn(4th degree) – Involves injury to muscle and bone= appears black(eschars) – hard and inelastic healing takes weeks to months; grafts are required
Decreased Cardiac output Related to Fluid shifts
Head and neck 9% Anterior trunk 18%
chest-9 abdomen-9) Posterior trunk-18%
(
Arms 9% each
(forearms only or upper arms only 4.5%) Legs – 18% each Perineum-1%
MANAGEMENT OF BURNS: Administer fluids as prescribed Maintain a high calorie, high protein diet Monitor intake and output Monitor for infections of burn site
Nitrofurazone ( Furacin) –
broad spectrum antibiotic ointment or cream – used when bacterial resistance to other drugs is a problem : apply 1/16 inch thick film directly to burn
Mafenide ( Sulfamylon) –
water soluble cream bacteriostatic gr + bacteria- apply 1/16 inch directly to burn – notify physician if hyperventilation occurs as this drug may ppt. metabolic acidosis.
Silver Sulfadiazene
( Silvadene) – cream Broad spectrum to gr+ - ; does not cause metabolic acidosis – keep burn covered at all times with Sulfadiazine – (1/16 inch thick);
Monitor CBC – causes leukopenia
Silver Nitrate – Antiseptic
solution against gr-, dressings are applied to the burn and then kept moist with Silver nitrate ; used on extensive burns that may precipitate fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
