Burmese Consonant Phonemes

Kawlkam Consonant Phonemes

Taang Zomi

Burmese Consonants P.A.

Bilabial R

B

I

vl. unas.

p

ပ

vl. asp.

Linguo-dental R

B

/p/

t

ph, ဖ hp

/pʰ/

vd. unas.

b

ဗ

/b/

vd. asp.

bh

ဘ /bʰ/

M.A.

R

B

I

Alveolar I

Post-Alveolar R

B

I

Retroflex R

B

I

တ /t/

t

ဋ

ht

ထ /tʰ/

ht

d

ဒ

/d/ /dʰ/

Palatal R

B

Velar I

Glottal

R

B

I

R

B

I

/ʈ/

k

က

/k/

–

အ /?/

ဌ

/ʈʰ/

kh, hk

ခ

/kʰ/

d

ဍ

/ɖ/

g

ဂ

/ɡ /

dh

ဎ

/ɖʰ/

gh

ဃ

/ɡʰ/

h

ဟ /h/

Plosive or Stop:

dh ဓ

Affricate:

ky က် /ʦ/

vl. vd.

ch ခ်

/ʧ/

gy ဂ်

/ʤ/

sh ရွ

/ʃ/

Fricative: vl. unas.

th သ

vl. asp.

/θ/ s hs

vd. unas.

th သ

vd. asp.

/ð/ z

စ

/s/

ဆ /sʰ/ ဇ

/z/

စ်

/zʰ/

hn ႏွ

/n/̥

zh

Nasal: vl.

hm မွ

/m/̥

hn

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

ဏွ

/ɳ̊

hny

ညွ

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/ɲ̊/

hng

ငွ

/ŋ/̊

Taang Zomi P.A.

Bilabial

B

I

n

န

/n/

r

ရ

/r/

vl.

hl

လွ /l/̥

vd.

l

လ /l/

vd.

B

I

m

မ

/m/

Trill

R

B

I

Alveolar R

M.A.

R

Linguo-dental

Kawlkam Consonant Phonemes Post-Alveolar R

B

I

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

R

B

I

R

B

I

R

B

I

n

ဏ

/ɳ/

ny

ည

/ɲ/

ng

င

/ŋ/

lh

ဠ

/ɭ/

y

ယ, ရ /j/

R

B

I

Lateralː

Semivowel: vl.

hw ဝွ

/w/̥

vd.

w

/w/

ဝ

Legend Color Code: gray background = of Sanskrit, Pali or Hindi origin; rarely pronounced as such in modern Burmese. Abbreviation: R= Romanized Burmese orthography B = Burmese orthography I = IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), or

something very close thereto P.A. = Place of Articulation M.A. = Manner of Articulation vl. = voiceless vd. = voiced asp. = aspirated unas. = unaspirated Alternative terms: Retroflex = Cerebral Semivowel = Approximant

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Wed, March 11, 2009

Lateral = Lateral Approximant Tentative inclusion in this chart: ဆ (hsa-lein), the seventh letter of the Burmese Alphabet, has not yet been assigned a phonetic symbol. စ် (zha-myin-sway), the ninth letter of the Burmese Alphabet, has not been assigned a phonetic symbol.