Zokam And Kawlkam Consonant Phonemes

Tedim Zomi and Burmese Consonant Phonemes

Taang Zomi

Tedim Zomi and Burmese Consonants P.A.

Bilabial

Labio-dental

Z

R

B

I

vl. unas.

p

p

ပ

vl. asp.

ph

ph, hp

vd. unas.

b

vd. asp.

(b)

M.A.

Z R B I

Linguo-dental Z R

B

I

Dental or Alveolar Z

R

B

I

/p/

t

t

တ

ဖ

/pʰ/

th

ht

b

ဗ

/b/

d

bh

ဘ /bʰ/

Post-Alveolar Z

R

B

Retroflex

I

Palatal Z R

B

Velar

Z

R

B

I

I

/t/

t

t

ဋ

/ʈ/

k

ထ

/tʰ/

th

ht

ဌ

/ʈʰ/

d

ဒ

/d/

d

d

ဍ

(d)

dh

ဓ

/dʰ/

(d) dh ဎ

c

ky

က်

/ʦ/

Glottal

B

I

Z R B

I

k

က

/k/

– –

အ

/?/

(kh)

kh, hk

ခ

/kʰ/

/ɖ/

g

g

ဂ

/ɡ/

/ɖʰ/

(g)

gh

ဃ

/ɡʰ/

kh

(kh)

–

/x/

h h

ဟ

/h/

–

hng

ငွ

/ŋ/̊

ng

ng

င

/ŋ/

Plosive or Stop:

Affricate:

vl. vd.

ch

ch

ခ်

/ʧ/

–

gy

ဂ်

/ʤ/

–

sh

ရွ

/ʃ/

Fricative:

vl. unas.

f –

–

/f/

– th

သ

/θ/

vl. asp. vd. unas.

v –

vd. asp.

–

/v/

– th

သ

/ð/

s

s

စ

/s/

s

hs

ဆ

/sʰ/

z

z

ဇ

/z/

–

zh

စ်

/zʰ/

Nasal:

vl.

–

hm

မွ

/m/̥

–

hn

ႏွ

/n/̥

n

hn ဏွ

/ɳ̊

– hny ညွ /ɲ̊/

vd.

m

m

မ

/m/

n

n

န

/n/

n

n

ဏ

/ɳ/

– ny

ည /ɲ/

–

r

ရ

/r/

vl.

–

hl

လွ

/l/̥

vd.

l

l

လ

/l/

–

lh

ဠ

/ ɭ/

– y

ယ /j/

Trill Lateral

Semi-vowel:

vl.

–

hw

ဝွ

/w/̥

vd.

–

w

ဝ

/w/

ရ Wednesday, March 11, 2009

Page 1 of 2

Tedim Zomi and Burmese Consonant Phonemes Legend Color Code: red = exclusively Tedim Zomi blue = exclusively Burmese black = common to both Tedim Zomi and Burmese gray background = of Sanskrit, Pali or Hindi origin; rarely pronounced as such in modern Burmese. Abbreviation: Z = Zokam orthography R= Romanized Burmese orthography

Taang Zomi

B = Burmese orthography I = IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), or something very close thereto P.A. = Place of Articulation M.A. = Manner of Articulation vl. = voiceless vd. = voiced asp. = aspirated unas. = unaspirated Alternative terms: Retroflex = Cerebral

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

Page 2 of 2

Semivowel = Approximant Lateral = Lateral Approximant Absent from this chart: w /w/ in Tedim Zomi phonemics is considered to be a component of a monophthong /ɔ/ (aw) rather than a separate consonant. Tentative inclusion in this chart: ဆ (hsa-lein), the seventh letter of the Burmese Alphabet, has not yet been assigned a phonetic symbol. စ် (zha-myin-sway), the ninth letter of the Burmese Alphabet, has not been assigned a phonetic symbol.