ArmhvGwfvyfa&; ta&;awmfykH AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; - a&;onf
(Taqmif;yg;rSm *syefacwf 1943 ckEpS /f =o*kwfv 1 &ufae@xkwf Armhacwf owif;pmwGif yg±Sdaom aqmif;yg;jzpfonf) 1938-ck/ atmufwdkbmvwGif wdk@Arm tpnf;t±kH;odk@ ociftjzpf pm&if;oGif;cJh.? Oya'wef;Y pcef;ukefoif&ef udpPudk‚if;/ u|Ekfyf. a±S@tvm;tvmrsm;udk‚if; wygwnf;t+yD;owfpGef@v$wfum u|Ekfyf onf =o*kwfvtwGif; ESpf0uf ausmif;ydwf&uf &onfhtcgrSpI wuUodkvf ausmif;awmf}uD;rS xGufcJh.? Oa&mywdkufwGif jrLepfta&; ay:aygufvmjcif;onfyif 'kwd,urBmppf}uD; rvGJjzpf&rnfhta&;udk u|Ekfyf. todOm%ftwGif; xif;ueJ ay:apawmh.? xdk@xufapmpGmuyif 1939-40 ckavmufY urBmppf jzpfrnfhta&;udk u|Ekfyfwdk@wpfpk wGufq+yD;jzpf.? xdktcsdefavmufwGif vufeufjznfhwif;a&;udpPrsm;onf EkdifiH}uD; rsm;Y vkH;0+yD;pD;rnfjzpfaoma=umifhvnf; urBmESifhtr# ppfrD;avmifu|rf;csdefwGif wdk@Armrsm; rnfodk@ ajcvSrf;vSrf;=urnfudk u|Ekfyfwdk@ vlpkrawG;bJ rajymbJ raeEkdif+yD? ajymqdkaqG;aEG;=u.? odk@aomfxdktcgu urBmppf}uD; rvGJjzpfawmhrnfudk wGufqrd±kHom wGufqrdI {uef twdtus um; ajymqdkEkdifcJhonf r[kwfaomfvnf; jrL;epf+rdK@Y t*Fvdyfeef;&if;0ef csdefbmvdefonf rdrdEkdifiHawmf}uD;. *k%foduQmudkr# riJhraxmufEkdif±SmawmhbJ [m&f[pfwvm a=uat;ESpfodrfha&;twGuf OD;ESdrfvdkufonfh tcgwGifum; urBmppf}uD; wHcg;rY qdkufa&mufae+yDjzpfa=umif;udk oJxdyf&ifzdk od±Sd&avawmh.? urBmppf}uD;trSefjzpfacsawmhrnf? Armhtajctaeum; todk@enf;? ArmawG bmvkyf=urnfenf;? Tjy\emrsm;um; u|Ekfyfa±S@wGif tv#dKv#Kd woD}uD; ay:vmavawmh.? wckwnf;aom t"dXgefudk ±kwfjcnf;jyKvkduf.? “ightwGuf jzpfvdk&m jzpfapawmh/ EkdifiHa&; *,uf0JtwGif;odk@ ajcpkHypfI ZGwfqif;um ig. EkdifiH vGwfvyfa&;twGuf raerem; pGef@pm;vkH;yrf;awmhtHh?” Tt"dXgefudk oefoef}uD; jyKvkdufrdawmh.? rnfolonf Todk@ tcgaumif; tcGifhxl; a±$vrf;}uD; jzL;aeonfhtcdkufrsKd;wGif udk,fhEkdiif HtwGuf pGef@pm;a&;udk vufvGwfcHEkdifcsdrhfrnfenf;? [dopPH/ xdkpum;rSef.? u|EkfyftwGuf rSefvS.? u|Ekfyf vufvGwfrcH? pGrf;tm;±Sdoavmuf udk,fhvlrsKd;}uKHawG@ae&aom =urRmqdk;udk uajymif;ujyef arSmufvSefxkawG tjrpfyg EkwfI acsawmhtHh? ociftpnf;t±kH;rS wqifh EkdifiHvGwfvyfa&; wdkuf&ef wkdufyGJtwGif;odk@ u|Ekfyfpwif oufqif;rdcJhavonf? u|Ekfyf ocif b0wGif;qif;rdonfEiS fh w+ydKifeuf oydwfarSmufr_/ pDwef;vrf;avsmuf tiftm;jyr_ awmfvSeaf &;'Dvd_if; wHydk;wdk@onf wEkdifiHvkH; zkH;v$rf;oGm;cJhavonf? +Adwdo# tpdk;&uvnf; xºuGr_rsm;udk iJhnmr_r±Sd jyif;xefpGm wefjyefwdkufavawmh.? u|EkfyfESifhwuG }uH&mygaz:woif;onf (u|Ekfyfwdk@udk zrf;csKyf vkdufonfh t*Fvdyfrif;}uD; pum;twkdif;okH;&u) “tpdk;&tzGJ@udk tifESifhtm;ESifh awmfvSefvkyf}uHr_” jzifh tppftaq;r±Sd &efukefaxmifwGif; twef=umr# tusOf;csxm;jcif; cHvdkuf=u&.? trSefrSmvnf; xdkawmfvSefr_rsm;wGif u|Ekfyf. tenf;i,fr#aom vuf&monf ygonfrSef.? ajymjy avmufaom vuf&mum; r[kwfvSyg? Tta&;rsm;onf t±Sdef,lae+yDjzpfaom urBmppf}uD;udk ta=umif; jyKI ay:vm&rnfh ra0;vSawmhaom ArmhvGwfvyfa&;ta&;awmfykH}uD;/ r[mtcg}uD;rsm;twGuf ed'gef; uav;r#om jzpfa=umif;udk aumif;aumif;}uD; xifjrifrdawmh.?
Oa&myppf u|EkfyfxifouJhodk@yif trSefyifppfjzpf&awmh.? 1939ck/ pufwifbmv 3 &ufae@wGif Oa&myppf pwif wdkufavonf? (u|Ekfyf. trSwftom; rrSm;ygu) ppfra=ujimrD 2 &ufuyif wkd@Armtpnf;t±kH; jynfvkH;qdkif&m tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. txl;tpnf;ta0;yGJudk usif;yum ygwDra±G; ArmhvGwfvyfa&;udk cspfoltm;vkH;yg0ifI wdk@Armtpnf;t±kH;ESifh a'gufwmbarmf. qif;&Jom; tpnf;t±kH;udk tajcxm;vsuf ArmhxGuf&yf*k%f;wck wnfaxmif&efukd qkH;jzwfcJh=uavonf? trSefay:aygufvmawmhrnfjzpfaom urBmppfudk }udKwifIqkH;jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif;jzpf.? TqkH;jzwf csuftwdkif;yif ArmhxGuf&yf*k%f;}uD;udkvnf; zGJ@pnf;rdavonf? xdk*k%f;}uD; jyef@yGg;r_twGuf tenf;i,f r#om pDrH&pOfrSmyif +Adwdo#tpdk;&onf EdkifiHtESH@ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifr_rsm;udk pwifjyKvkyfvkyf&um; tzrf;cH &olrsm;txJwGif t&ma&mufaom xGuf&yf*k%f;acgif;aqmifrsm; tm;vkH;avmufyg0ifoGm;avawmhonf? u|Ekfyfum; wa,mufwnf; vGwfusef&pfonf? u|Ekfyftm;trSefzrf;rnfhta&;rSmvnf; v#dK@0Sufxm; csufyifqdkaomfvnf; trsm;od+yD;jzpfav+yD? u|EkfyfrSmvnf; xdktcgu tdEdN,wGif &rf*guGef*&uf tpnf; ta0;wufa&mufI *END/ *s0g[mvfvmae±l;/ qlbwfpfbdk@pf tp±Sdaom uGef*&ufacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awG@qkH +yD; ArmEkdifiHodk@ jyefa&mufpjzpf.? tdENd,EkdifiHwGif u|Ekfyfwdk@oGm;av&mwdk@Y aemufu tpdk;&pkHaxmufrsm; ZGJaumif;aumif;ESifh vdkuf aea=umif;odcJh.? ArmEkdifiHodk@ u|Ekfyfjyefa&mufonfqdkv#ifyif u|Ekfyfwdk@ tdENd,wGif vkyfudkifcJhor# udpPrsm; ESifh ywfoufaom tpD&ifcHpmwdk@udk pD&ifpkwdkif;±Sd t&m±Sd}uD;rsm;xH a0iSay;ydk@xm;a=umif; od±Sd&.? ociftpnf;t±kH;udk rw&m;tpnf;t±kH;tjzpf ausjimvdrfhrnf[laom owif;rsm;rSmvnf; jyef@vsuf±Sd avonf? ay:aygufv#uf±Sdaom tajctaetm;vkH;udk +cKHI xifjrifatmif qifjcif=unfh+yD;aemuf ay:ay: xifxif raebJ cyfv#Kd;v#Kd;aejcif;omaumif;rnf[k awG;awmrdonfhtavsmuf }uKHvmrnfhta&; [loa±G@ udk &ifqdkif&ef toifhpDpOf&avonf? odk@aomfu|Ekfyf pDpOfoa±G@udk t+yD;tpD;rpDpOf&ao;rD u|Ekfyf. &Jabmf tm;vkH;avmufyif axmifwGif;a&mufukef=uav+yD? ajc&maysmuf v#dK;Iae&efudk avmavmq,f u|EkfyfpDrH&avawmh.? ajc&mazsmufrd+yD; r=umrDyif u|Ekfyftm; zrf;qD;&ef 0&rf; xGufI vmavawmhonf? qHjcnfwpfvkH;jcm; vGwfajrmufoGm;&jcif;wnf;? Todk@om rvGwfajrmufygu urBmppf}uD; wm±Snfoavmufr#omrurlbJ urBm@ta±S@ydkfif;wGif t*Fvdyf tajcaocsm wnf+rJonfh tcsdefxd u|Ekfyf. b0udk tusOf;axmifwGif jr‡KyfESHjcif; jyK&awmhrnfjzpf&um;/ tvkyfr±Sd tcsdeftm;onfESifhtr# ta&;rygonfha'goudk rsKdodyfumom bmudkr# vkyfEkdifrnf r[kwfaom b0odk@ a&muf&awmhrnftrSef? Tae&mY =um;jzwfoabmjzifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f tjzpftysufuav;udk csKyfI ajym&OD;rnfjzpf.? u|Ekfyf awmfvSefa&;orm; wa,muftjzpf a±Smifwdrf;rae&cif &efukefwuUodkvf or*~rS wuUodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@0if vl}uD;wpfOD;tjzpf a±G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJh.? tpnf;ta0;wpf}udrfr#om wufa&muf EkdifcJh.? xdktcsdefrSmyif jyifopfEkdifiH}uD; rv$J+yKdtuf ysufjym;rnfh t&dyferdwfwdk@onf xif±Sm;vmavonf? jyifopf orw OuUX trfa&e'fonf ±kpbJhvfxHodk@ aemufqkH; toem;cHvdkufaom tcgwnf;? xdktcgu ArmEdkifiH ynmrif;}uD;jzpfaom at/ uif;bJvfonf wuUodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@0if yk*~dKvf wOD;jzpfcJh.? tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;t+yD;wGif uif;bJvfonf u|Ekfyftm; ol@um;ESifh wifac:cJh.? t*Fvdyf t&Hpm&if;0if Adkvfrª;av; (ar*sm) wa,mufjzpf±kHomru tvGefxufvSonf[k xif±Sm;aom uif;bJvfvdk vlrsKd;wa,mufu u|Ekfyftm; Todk@ um;ESifhwifac:jcif;rSm tvGefxl;jcm;vmavonf? ydkxl;jcm;csufum; u|EkfyfuJhodk@aom oHr%d +Adwdo#qef@usifa&;orm;wa,mufudk ,ckppf}uD;wGif t*Fvdyf tm; ulnDygrnfhta=umif; oem;pzG,f wkef,ifaom toHjzifh awmif;yefjcif;yif jzpfavonf? u|Ekfyfu
olawmif;yefouJhodk@ rvkyfEkdifojzifh 0rf;enf;vSa=umif;ESifh pum;csDum t*Fvdyf "e±Sifpepfudk +zdKzsuf&efom u|Ekfyfvkyf&vdrfhrnfh ta=umif;udk jyefajymvdkuf&.?
ta±S@odk@ ta&;awmfykHudk quf&rnfqdkaomf u|Ekfyfwdk@ axmiftjyifbufwGif usef&pfolwpkrSm pka0;pnf;±kH;I vufeufpGJudkifum awmfvSefa&;jy\emudk aqG;aEG;rd=uawmhonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@wGif vufeufvnf;r±Sd/ b,fodk@ vufeuf&atmif±Sm&rnfenf;? Tjy\emonf ay:aygufvmavawmh.? aemufwpfv ESpfv tcgu u|Ekfyfwdk@onf 0if±dk;wef; olv#dKwpfa,mufESifh awG@qkHrd=uojzifh EdkifiHwGif;rSaeI tkyfcsKyfa&;zsufqD;r_rsm;udk tESH@tjym;jyKvkyf=u&ef pDpOfcJh=uao;.? odk@aomf xdktpDtpOf rsm;twdkif; aqmif±GufEdkifjcif;r±SdcJhacs? xdktwGif;rSmyif u|Ekfyfwdk@. tquftoG,frSm aESmifh,Sufr_rsm; a=umifh ysufjym;oGm;&avonf? aemufxyfwzef tquftoG,f&atmif }uH=uygao;.? qufoG,fa&; wm0efusaom &JabmftcsKd@ tzrf;cH=u&jyefojzifh aemufxyfwzef tquftoG,f&&ef ta&;onfvnf; ysufjym;&jyefavonf? Arm a&mf*smau;pfwpfa,muf ay:aygufvmrS jzpfrnf[k u|Ekfyfwdk@tm;vkH; oabm}udKufnD=u.? u|Ekfyf. udk,fESifhtoufudkyif Arma&mf*smau;pftjzpf,l&ef EkdifiHtwGuf pGef@v–vkduf.? xdk@a=umifh 1940 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 8 &ufae@ *smr%Davwyf}uD;u &mZ0ifwGif r}uKHbl;aom ava=umif;ppfyGJ}uD; qifE$Jum vef'ef+rdK@}uD;udk wdkufaomae@/ xdkae@wGifyif u|Ekfyfonf ArmEkdifiHawmfudk w±kyfoabFmom;rsm; pDrHcef@cGJarmif;ESifonfh aemfa0ykdif oabFmay:wGif wdwfwqdwf ykef;atmif;xGufcGg vkdufygoGm;&avawmhonf? ,cktcg wyfaygif;pk AkdvfwpfOD; jzpfae+yDjzpfaom &JabmfwpfOD;vnf; u|Ekfyfwdk@ESifhtwl ulnDaz: tjzpfygcJh.? u|Ekfyf. c&D;qkH;XgerSm trGdKif+rdK@jzpfI xdk+rdK@rSaeI u|Ekfyf.vkyfaqmifp&m±Sdonfh udpPtrsm;udk cef@cGJpDrH&rnfjzpf.? u|Ekfyftjzpfum; oef;acgifvuG,f awmtkyfv,fY a&mufolyrm ±Sdaeawmhonf? u|EkfyfoGm;&rnfh ae&mESifh ywfoufI u|Ekfyf bmwckr#rod/ aqGvnf;r±Sd/ rsKd;vnf;r±Sd/ urBmhta±S@ydkfif;om;onf ta±S@ydkif; ta=umif; twkta,mifr#avmufomod.? odor#vnf; ra&&mvS/ qdk;±Gm;avpG? wuUodkvfausmif;wdkufY wuUodkvfor*~ tdk;a0r*~Zif; pmwkduftjzpf vkyfudkifaepOf OD;OwWr ukd,fawmf}uD;. a[majymcsufrsm;udk em=um;&.? xdktcg todXm%fwpfckonf u|EkfyfOD;aESmufwGif; yGif;vif;vm.? xdk@a=umifh or*~ausnmcsufwGif‚if;/ tdk;a0r*~Zif;wGif‚if; EdkifiHawmf ynmawmfoifrsm;tm; taemufEdkifiHodk@ v$wf±dk;v$wfpOftwdkif; rv$wfbJ ta±S@tm±S *syefEkdifiHodk@om v$wfoifha=umif;/ ta±S@udk a±S@±_oifh=u+yD jzpfa=umif;rsm;udk a&;om;cJhbl;.? ArmEdkifiHvkH;tESH@ oydwfarSmufr_rsm; ay:aygufvm+yD;aemuf xdktcg 0ef}uD;csKyftzGJ@u ynmawmfoifrsm;udk *syefodk@v$wfp jyKcJhavonf? u|Ekfyf ocifjzpfvmonfhtcgwGif u|Ekfyfwdk@,ae@wdkif vrf;v$Jvdkufv#uf±Sd=uonfudk xifjrifvm.? tm±SEkdifiHa&; oabmrsm;udk ESH@pyfacsmufcsm;atmif ±SmazGqnf;yl;oifhygv#uf u|Ekfyfwdk@. tzdk;xdkufvSaom tcsdefrsm;udk rqDrqdkifvSaom taemufEkdifiHta&;rsm;udk avhvm&jcif;jzifh jzKef;cJh=urdonfh trSm;um; }uD;vS.? u|Ekfyf wuUodkvfwGif ynmqnf;yl;pOfu EkdifiHordkif;udk bmomw&yftjzpf ,lcJhrd.? xdkordkif; rSmvnf; taemufykdif;ordkif;omwnf;? u|Ekfyfwdk@. udk,fydkiftarGjzpfaom tvGefa±S;uscJhonfh ,Ofaus;r_}uD;rsm; aygufzGg; wnfxGef;&m w±kyfEdkifiH}uD;ESifh acwfopfEkdifiH}uD;jzpfaom *syefpaom ta±S@EdkifiHrsm;. ta=umif;udkum; 0dk;0g;raocsm r#om odcJh&.? r[m ta±S@ tm±Sta=umif;/ txl;ojzifh eyGefordkif;udk avhvm&ef pdwfydkfif;jzwfrdcsufrSm txl;aESmif;oGm;avonf? pmtkyfqdkifrsm;±Sd pmtkyfrsm;rSmvnf; t*Fvdyf/ tar&duef 0g'jzef@ pmtkyf rsm;omjzpf.? *syefonf t*Fvdyftm; wdkuf&rnf[laom pmtkyfwpftkyfomv#if u|Ekfyfpdwf}udKufESifh
wdkufqdkifrdonf? Xdkpmtkyfzwf+yD;onfu pI ArmhvGwfvyfa&;onf ta±S@bufwGifom±Sd.? ta±S@±Sd edyGefwdk@EiS fhom±Sd.[laom tcsufudk u|Ekfyfrsm;pGm ,kH=unf ESvkH;oGif;rdcJhawmh.? wuUodkvfwGif±SdpOfuvnf; (acwfopf *syef. wpwp wdk;wufr_)/ (acwfopf*syef)/ (*syefEkdifiHjzpf) ESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&;&mqdkif&m toif;rS 3-vw}udrf xkwfa0onfh (acwf+ydKif*syef) ac: *sme,f paom pmtkyfrsm;avmufudkom zwfcJh&bl;.? xdk@a=umifhyif u|Ekfyf ta±S@odk@xGufvmonfhta&;rSm tarSmifwdkuf wGif; oufqif;onfESifh wlvS.[k u|Ekfyfqdk.? vli,fwdk@ w±–;xdk; (wkH;wkduf-usm;udkuf) pdwf. v_H@aqmfr_ a=umifhom xGufcJhrdjcif;jzpfownf;? tvkyftpDtpOf[lI twdtus bmr#±Sdonf r[kwfacs? u|Ekfyf. ajrmfjrifwwfor# Om%fjzifh om}uKH&rnfh ta&;[loa±G@udk pDrHtkyfpD;&ef u|Ekfyf. &Jabmfrsm;u tm%mukefv$Jtyfvkdufjcif; jzpfav onf? tb,fodk@yifjzpfap igonf tu,fI aooGm;onfhwdkifatmif jrwfaomaojcif;/ EkdifiHtwGuf aojcif;omjzpfonf[k udk,fhudkudk,f ESpfodrfh&awmh.? 1940 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 24 &ufwGif trGdKif+rdK@odk@ a&mufcJhavonf?
edyGefEkdifiHwGif trGdKif+rdK@Y 2 v=umapmifhqdkif;+yD;aemuf edyGef Adkvfr–;uav;wpfOD; u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; tac:v$wfum ArmEkdifiH±Sd u|Ekfyfwdk@. &Jabmfrsm;u ydk@vdkufaom u|Ekfyfwdk@. "gwfykHrsm;udk jyov#uf wdkif0rfu|ef;±Sd rpPwm rDemrD qdkolESifh awG@}uKHvdkpdwf ±Sd-r±Sd ar;avonf? awG@&rnfqdku txl;0rf;ajrmufonfh ta=umif;ajymjy onfudk ta=umif;jyKI u|Ekfyfwdk@ wdkusKd+rdK@awmfodk@ 1940 ck/ Edk0ifbmv 12 &ufae@wGif a&mufoGm;av awmhonf? [ae'g av,OfysHuGif;wGif Adkvfr–;}uD; (0g) rpPwmrDemrDonf u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; ol@vufaxmufwOD;ESifh twlvma&muf }udKqdkv#uf ±Sdavonf? ume,f plZluD;ESifhtwl u|Ekfyfwdk@onf wdkusdK+rdK@awmfY 3v=umr# tvkyftpDtpOfrsm;udk vkyfudkifpDpOf=u+yD;aemuf *syefoabFmwpif;jzifh ArmEkdifiHodk@ jyefcJhI u|Ekfyfwdk@. vkyfp&m vkyfief;rsm;udk od±SdapcJh&.? &efukef+rdK@odk@ 1941ck/ rwfv 3 &ufwGif a&mufI rwfv 9 &ufae@xdae.? ppfynmoif=um;&ef twGuf yxr EkdifiHcspfvkvifwpkudk u|EkfyfESifh wygwnf;ac:aqmifcJhum wdkusKd+rdK@odk@ oabFmjzifh jyefvmcJh.? rwfv27 &ufwGif wdkusKd+rdK@odk@a&mufcJhonf? 10 &ufcef@r# wdkusKdwGif ae+yD;aemuf ppftwwfoif=um;&ef [dkifeefu|ef;odk@ u|Ekfyfwdk@wpfpk xGufcJh=uavonf? ZlvdkifvavmufwGif ArmEkdifiHwGif;odk@ vufeufrsm; ydk@aqmifa&;udk rpPwmplZluD;ESifhtwl aqmif±Guf&ef u|Ekfyf [kdifeefrS ,dk;',m;odk@ xGufcJhavonf? odk@aomf tif'dkcsKdif;em;udk twlyl;aygif; umuG,fa&; pmcsKyfwck edyGefESifh jyifopfwdk@ csKyfqdk+yD;onfhtcgwGifum; EkdifiHcsif; qufoG,fa&;onf tawmfyif ysufjym; qdk;±Gm;vmav&um; u|EkfyfrSm aemufydwfqkH; tpDtpOf rsm;udk t+yD;owf pDpOfaqG;aEG;jyKvkyf&ef [dkifeefodk@jyefcJh&.? xdkrSwzef wdkusKd+rdK@odk@oGm;&jyefavonf? atmufwdkbmv twGif;Y wzef befaumufodk@ xGufch&J jyef.? odk@aomf ta±S@tm±S ppfra=ujimrD 2 &ufavmufwGif qdkif*Gef;+rdK@odk@ jyefajy;cJh&.? ppfausjim+yD;aemuf ,dk;',m;ae Armrsm;ESifhyif Armh vGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf zGJ@pnf;&eftwGuf befaumufodk@jyefoGm;&.?
ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmfonf ppfa=umif;okH;a=umif; jzef@um ArmEkdifiHtwGif;odk@ 0ifcJh.? (weoFm&DrS 0ifonf)? ajrmufzufY rJaqmuf+rdK@rS‚if;/ wyfr}uD;onf jrpfomrS‚if;/ 0dwdk&d,tilrS‚if; 0if a&mufcJh=u.? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfonf &efol@oHcsyfum um;rsm;ESifhyif yJcl;teD;Y wdkuf=u&.? +rdwf+rdK@udk odrf;cJh.? xm;0,fodrf;&efudk edyGefwdk@tm; wGJzufulnDay;cJh.? [oFmwwGif‚if;/ zsmykHwGif‚if; wkdufyGJrsm;udk E$Jvdkufao;.? jrpf0u|ef;ay: wpfckvkH;udk odrf;&mwGif ykodrf/ ajrmif;jrwdk@udk odrf;EdkifcJ.?
a';'&JY av,OfysHESpfpif;udk ypfcscJh.? a±$awmifwdkufyGJwiG fum; jyif;xef±Gwfc|HpGm wdkufcdkuf=u.? a±$usifrSm vnf; wdkufcJhonf? txufEkdifiH odrf;,lwkdufcdkufa&;wGif &efolrsm;tm; ppfy&d,,fqifI 0kdif;rdatmif edyGefwyfrawmf}uD;tm; ulnD&mY {&m0wDtaemufa=umif; csDwufulnDay;cJh.? edyGefwdk@EiS fhtwl wdkufum &cdkifudk odrf;=u.? EkdifiHwGif; +idrf0dydjym;r_udk wzufwvrf; ulnDaqmif±Gufvdkuf&jyef.?
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf
t+rJwrf; ppfwyf}uD; wpfck. tajcrsKd;a&mufatmif 1942 ck/ ZlvdkifvwGif “ArmhvGwfvyf a&;wyfrawmf” udk “ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmf” [lI ajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;vkdufavonf? u|EkfyfrSm xdk wyfrawmf. AdkvfcsKyf}uD;jzpfvmcJh&.? ArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmfonf ,cktcg ppfrsufESmY edyGefwdk@ESifh twl wGJzuf wdkufcdkufaeay+yD?
[email protected];
ArmEkdifiH. =urRmESifhywfoufI u|Ekfyfonf b,ftcgur# pdwfoufomr_ r&±SdcJhay? tdyfrufrsm; wGifrSmyif u|Ekfyfonf u|Ekfyf. rvGwfvyfaom EkdifiHtwGuf a,mif,rf;idkcJh.? a'goxGufcJhrd.? ,cktcg ArmEkdifiHawmfonf vGwfvyf+yDjzpfojzifh txl;ESpfodrfh auseyf&awmh.? odk@aomf ArmEdkifiHawmfonf tEW&,f xlajymvSaom uEWm&}uD;udk vkH;0ausmfvGef+yD r[kwfao;? ppf}uD;um; wdkufv#uf±Sdao;.? ta&;awmfykH}uD;. onf;xefaom a0'em}uD;udk u|Ekfyfwdk@ EkdifiHonf cH&qJjzpf.? ta&;awmfykH atmif+yD [laom aºuG;a=umfoHudk u|Ekfyfwdk@ atmf=u&ef roifhao;? Armwdkif; Armwdkif;twGuf }uD;av;vSaom wm0efrsm;onf a±S@wGif trsm;tjym;yif ±Sd=uukef.? xdkwm0efrsm;udk ausyGefatmifxrf;aqmifEkdifrS ta&;awmfykH vkH;0atmifjrifrnfjzpf.? Todk@tcsuftjcm aoa&;±Sifa&; tcg}uD;rsKd;wGif tpdk;&. Om%fprG f;Om%fp wpfckwnf;tay:rSm om tm;udk;rnfhtpm; rdrdwdk@. Om%fpGrf;Om%fp/ rdrdwdk@zmom pnf;±kH;r_/ tcsif;csif; ,dkif;yif;ulnDr_rsm; tay:wGif tm;xm;aqmif±Guf=u&ef Armwdkif;/ Armwkdif;em;vnfoifh.? EkdifiHol yl;aygif;aqmif±Gufr_r±Sd aom tpdk;&onf tcsnf;tESD;omjzpf.? txl;ojzifh vrf;yef;tqufoG,f ysufjym;I t&m&m±Sm;yg;vS aom acwfqdk;tcgrsKd;wGif EkdifiHol ulnD,dkif;yif;r_ r±Sdygu tpdk;&rSm bmudkr# wwfEkdifrnf r[kwf? vufawG@xif±Sm;aom om"u wckudkjytHh? EkdifiHESifhtESH@ jyef@um±Sad om "g;jyr_rsm;udk =unfhygukef? +rdK@±Gmrsm;udk "g;jyab;&efrS umuG,f&eftwGuf &JtzGJ@. tumtuG,fcsnf; tm;udk;aernfxuf rdrdwdk@ tcsif;csif; pnf;vkH;umuG,fr_udk ydktm;xm;&rnf r[kwfygavm? tao;tzGJup tpdk;&vkdufI pGufEkdifrnf r[kwfacs? +rdK@wdkfif;±Gmwdkif;wGif +rdK@om;/ ±Gmom;rsm;onf +rdK@±GmumuG,fa&;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf; umuG,fEdkif &rnf? rdrd±GmESifhqdkif&m e,fwGif;rS/ rdrd+rdK@ESifh qdkif&me,fwGif;rS vlqdk;udk rdrw d dk@bmom xdef;odrf;apmifha±Smuf Ekdifygap? umuG,fa&;/ pnf;urf;ao0yfa&;/ apmifha±SmufulnDa&;/ rdrdwdk@udk,fudkudk,f tm;xm;,kH=unfa&;/ vwfwavm ta&;}uD;onfh ava=umif;&ef umuG,fa&;/ rD;owfa&;rsm;udk +rdK@wkdif;±Gmwdkif; udk,fhvl udk,f!Gef=um; oifjyEkdif=uygap? az:jycJhonfwdk@rSm apmifha±Smuf&ef±Sdor# udpPrsm;rS wckwnf;r#udkom t=urf;tm;jzifh az:jyjcif; jzpf.? t=urf;oufoufr#omjzpfonfudk owdjyKavmh? wdk@Armwkdif; udk,fh±GmtwGuf wm0efudk‚if;/ udk,fhEkdifiHESifh qdkif&m wm0efudk‚if; udk,fhzmom awG;qxm;ygav? ta&;}uKHv#if udk,fhwm0efudk,fausyGef&ef tqifoifh±Sdygap? Todk@ pnf;vkH;r_/ ulnD,dkif;yif; aqmif±Gufr_±Sdaom vlrsKd;onf "g;jyab;&efavmufudkomr[kwf/ udk,fhEdkifiHudk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufrnfh &efolrsm;udkaomfrS ckcHEkdifpGrf;rnfjzpfa=umif;udk (e,fwpfe,fudk wdkufcdkufodrf;,l&ef vG,faomfvnf;/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;udk odrf;oGif;&efrSm rvG,f) [laom aoe*Fy&d,m,fusrf; wGif twdtvif;vm±Sdonfh qdk±d;k pum;wpfcku xif±Sm;apav+yD? ? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;