Burma Constitution 1947

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zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNION OF BURMA ( 1947 ckESpf )

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH .

zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya' // THE CONSTITUTION OF

THE UNION OF BURMA zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'udk r_vjyXmef;csuftwdkif; jyefvnfyHkESdyfxm;ygonf// jyifqifcsuf&Sdonfh yk'frrsm;wGif =u,fyGifhjyI jyifqifcsufrsm;udk aemufqufwGJrsm;tjzpf yk;wGJyHkESdyfxm;ygonf//

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' tm%mwnfa-umif; EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW. a-ujimcsuf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhonfh jzpfpOftusOf;csKyf 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif; umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (1949 ck/ ZGefv 18 &uf) 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif;

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5// 6// 7// 8// 9// 10// 11// 12// 13//

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH . zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' Oya'ed'gef;// e,fpyfa'orsm;ESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;tygt0if jrefrmEdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpf-uaomu|Ekfyfwdk honf/ tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkif vGyfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHudktcdkiftcHtnDtnGwfwnfaxmif&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// // w&m;r#wjcif;/ vGyfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;wnf;[laom avmuygv w&m;rsm;udktajcðyum/ vlowW0gcyfodrf; wdk h._idrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk cdkif_rJwnfwHhatmifxdef;odrf;&ef oEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// // vlr+qufqHa&;w&m;r#w r+/ pD;yGg;a&;w&m;r#wr+/ EdkifiHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ vGyfvyfpGmawG;}uHEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmzGifh[a&;om;az:jyEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGm,Hk-unfEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,fEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmbk&m;ausmif;uefponfwdk hodk h oGm;vm0wfðy Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmy&da,oe&SmrSD;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmpnf;&Hk;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmðyr+aqmif&GufEdkifr+/ tqifhtwef;nD r#r/+ ttcGifhtvrf;nDr#r+/ w&m;Oya't&mwGifnDr#r+wdk hudk EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;&&SdcHpm;Edkifapjcif;iSm tcdkift rm cH0efðy&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;/ jrefrmouU&mZf 1903 ckESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvqef; 10 &ufae h ( c&pfawmf ouU&Zf 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv ESpfq,fhav;&ufae h ) wGif/ TzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk u|Efkyf

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EdkifiHzGJ hpnf;yHk// 1// // jrefrmEdkifiHonf tcsKyftcsmtm%mydkiforRwEdkifiHjzpfonf// xdkEdkifiHudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH[kac:& rnf// · 2// // (u) ,cifujrefrmjynfbk&ifcHrSwqifh/ _Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf pD&iftkyfcsKyfawmfr+cJhaom e,fajrtm; vHk;ESifh (c) u&ifeDe,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf // 3// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. tcsKyftcsmtm%monf EdkifiHom;wdk hYwnfonf// 4// // Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk EdkifiHom;wdk hxHrScH,lI/ TzGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&/ wnfaxmifcef htyfaomjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. odk hwnf;r[kwfjynf axmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;. vkyfief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&drS sm;uaomf‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%m t&aomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;wdk h.udk,fpm;/ oHk;pGJEdkif&rnf// · 5// // ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpk[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;ESifh 0e,frsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjref rmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpfjzifh yg0if&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk h wGif “&Srf;jynfe,f”[kac:&rnf// · 6// // jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifrsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHt wGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf/ zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk hwGif “ucsifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnf// ·· 7// // uEW&0wD/ abmvcJESifh-u,fzdk;}uD;wdk hyg0ifonfhu&ifeDe,frsm;[k ,cifuac:wGifcJ haom e,fajrrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk hwGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f[kac:&rnf// ·· 8// // yk'fr 180 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&Sdusefe,fajr tm;vHk;ESifhouf qdkifaom Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.vkyf ief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;uomv#ifaom‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%m&aom‚if;/ oHk;pGJEdkif &rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwGJ “ 10 ” ·· jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 7 ”

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13// // Zmwdra&G;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomra&G;/ a,usFm;rdef;r ra&G;/ vlrsdK;ra&G; EdkifiHom;[lor#onf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtr#omjzpfonf// qdkvdk&if;rSm EdkifiHom;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;udkodk h wnf;r[kwf EdkifiHom;vlwef;pm;wpm;ESifhwpm;udk wzufowfoabmtwdkif;cGJjcm;jcif;rðy&// 14// // jynfol h0efxrf;qdkif&m &mxl;wdk hY‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfudkifr+/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fr+/ pD;yGg;&Smr+/ twwfynmESifhtoufarG;r+wdk hY‚if;/ EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf/ nDr#aomtcGifhtvrf;tm;vHk;udk&&Sd&rnf// 15// // rdefrrsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyftwGuf a,usFm;wdk h&aomvcrsdK;udk&Edkif&rnf// vGyfvyfr+tcGifhta&;rsm; // 16// // w&m;Oya't&r[kwfv#if/ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;r# rdrd.vGyfvyfcGifhudk&kyfodrf;jcif;rcHap&// rdrd.aetdrf twGif;odk ht0ifcH&jcif;/ ypPnf;todrf;cH&jcif;r&Sdap&// 17// // w&m;Oya'ESifh‚if;/ _idrf0yfydjym;a&;ESifh‚if;/ jynfol hudk,fusifhw&m;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if/ EdkifiHom; rsm;onf atmufyg tcGifhta&;rsm;udkvGyfvypGmoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf// (u) rdrdwdk h.,Hk-unfcsuf/ xifjrifcsufwdk hudkvGyfvyfpGmxkwaz:ajymqdkEdkifaomtcGifhta&;// (c) vufeufrygbJ_idrf;csrf;pGmpka0;EdkiaomtcGifhta&;// (*) toif;rsm;ESifh toif;tpktzGJ hrsm;udk zGJ hpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&; // odk h&mwGif&nf&G,fcsufjzifhaom ‚if;/ aqmif&Gufr+jzifhaom‚if; TtajccHOya'udkysufjym;ap&ef}uH&G,faom odk hwnf;r[kwfysufjym;rnfh ta-umif;jzpfay:apaomtoif;/ toif;tpktzGJ hESifh tonf;t&Hk;rsdK;udkr+um;wmm;jrpfonf// (C) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGif rnfonfhae&mYrqdk aexdkiftajcpdkufEdkifaom/ ypPnf;&,lydkifqdkifEdkif aom/ tvkyfvkyfudkifEdkifaom/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fEdkifaom/ twwfynmjzifh toufarG;Edkifaom tcGifht a&;// 18// //jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH w&m;Oya'.pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufudkvdkufemI/ jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;wGiful; oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;/ ul;vl;qufqHjcif;wdk honfvGyfvyf&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwdk honf _idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfoludk,f usifhw&m;twGufaom‚if;/ avsmfuefoifhjrwfaom csKwfcs,fcsufpnf;urf;rsm;udkw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkif onf// 19// // (u) vlta&mif;t0,fðyjcif;// (c) w&m;Oya't& tjypf'%fay;jcif;udkcH&ojzifh/ tvkyf'g%fudkxrf;aqmifcdkif;jcif;rSwyg;/ Edkifxuf pD;eif;cdkif;jcif;ESifh tvdkqeNr&bJ aus;u|efozG,fcdkif;jcif;wdk hudk wm;jrpfonf// &Sif;vif;csuf// // Zmwdtm;jzifhaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomtm;jzifhaom ‚if;/ vlwef;pm;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ cGJjcm;jcif;ðybJ/ jynfol htusdK;iSmrvkyfrae&aom tvkyfrsdK;udkvkyfap&ef Edkif iHawmf.wm0efcsxm;jcif;udkr+um; Tyk'fr r&Sdpum;a-umifh twm;tqD;r&Sdap&// bmom omoema&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; · 20// // _idrf0yfydjym;a&;aomf‚if;/ jynfol hudkusifhw&m;ESifhaomf‚if;/ jynfhol husef;rma&;ESifhaomf‚if;/ xdk htjyif

Ttcef;&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufwdk hESifh‚if;rqef husifv#ifvlcyfodrf;wdk honfomoema&;wGif vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkif aomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,faqmufwnfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;wdk hudktnDtr#&&Sd&rnf// &Sif;vif;csuf 1// // bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,fwnfaqmufr+ESifh qufpyfaeapumr+/ xdkodk hqufpyf aeaompD;yGg;a&;/ b¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;ESifhtjcm;avmuDa&;aqmif&Gufr+wdk hudk txufygta&;wGifryg0ifap &// &Sif;vif;csuf 2// // Tyk'frwGifxdkodk hvGyfvyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;xm;aomfvnf;/ jynfol ht usdK;udpP/ ðyjyifa&;udpPwdk htwGufEdkifiHawmf.w&m;Oya'ðyjcif;udkrwm;jrpf&// ·· 21// // (1) Ak'
,Ofaus;r+ESifhynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; 22// // EddkifiHawmfynmoifausmif;rsm;odk h0ifcGifhðy&efudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ vlrsdK;/ bmop um;wdk hudk t-umif;ðyum/ rnfonfhvlenf;pkudkr# cGJkjcm;wm;jrpfjcif;rðy&/ rnfonfhudk;uG,f&m bmomoif cef;pmudkr#vnf;/ xdkvlenf;pktm;twif;t-uyfvdkufemoif,lap&efynwfjcif;rðy&// pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; // 23// // (1)Tykk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrSm;ESifhrqef husifbJ/ pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;wGif ypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhESifhudk,fydkifvkyfudkif wDxGifEdkifcGifhwdk h&Sd&rnf[k EdkifiHawmfutcdkiftrmcH0efðyonf// (2) udk,fydkifypPnf;toHk;csEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udkjynfol htusdK;ysufpD;epfematmif rnfolr#toHk;r ðy&//

(3) apsE+ef;rsm;udk csKyfudkif&efaomf‚if;/ ta&mif;t0,fwdk hudkvuf0g;}uD;tkyf&efaomf‚if;/ zGJ hpnf;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmf.pD;yGg;a&; ysufpD;&mysufpD;a-umif;jzpfaomumw,ftzGJ hrsm;/ qif'DudwftzGJ hrsm;/ x&wftzGJ hrsm; tp&Sdaomudk,fydkifvuf0g;}uD;tkyftzJG hrsm;r&SD&// (4) EdkifiHawmfujynfol htusdK;twGufvdktyfygu/ ydkif&Siftm;rnfuJhodk haomudpPrsdK;wGif rnfr#av#mf a-u;ay;&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;aom w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDomv#if/ udk,fydkifypPnf;udkuef howfcsKyfcs,fEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwfodrf;ydkufEdkifonf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frcGJ&Sd pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfol htusdK;t wGufvdktyfygu/ EdkifiH.pD;yGg;a&;ESifhoufqdkifaom vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;udkaomf‚if;/ wOD;wnf;ydkif vkyfief;rsm;udk aomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHawmfonf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;I EdkifiHydkifjyKEdkifonf? odk@wnf;r[kwf EdkifiHawmftwGuf odrf;,lEdkifonf? 24? / jypfr+wckudkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaom w&m;Oya'udk usL;vGefonfhtwGufrSwyg;/ rnfol@ udkr#jypfr+xif&Sm;rpD&if&? xdk@jyifjypfr+udkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaomw&m;Oya't&/ ay;Edkifaomtjypf '%fxufydkI}uD;av;aomtjypf'%ftm;vnf; rnfol htm;r#ray;&// zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&umuG,fEdkif / &,lEdkifaomtcGifhta&;rsm; 25// // (1) Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;wckwckudk&,l&ef w&m;v$wfawfcsKyftm;/ oufqdkif&m enf;jzifhav#mufxm;I / &,lydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf// (2) TudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I tjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;tm;ESif;tyfxm;aomt,%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ T tcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom TtcGifhta&;ESifh oifhav#mfonfha&S hawmfoGif;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Harbeas Corp us)/ tm%may;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Mandamus)/ wm;jrpfomc|efawmftrdef h(Prohibition)tm%mydkifar; pmc|efawmftrdef h(Quo Warranto)/ tr+ac:pmc|efawmftrdef h(Certiorari)/ xdkpmc|efawmftrdef hrsm;.o oabmrsdK; ygaomtrdefrsm;udkxkwf&ef w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfYtm%m&Sd&rnf// (3) ppfjzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ ykefuefaomtcgY aom‚if;/ qlylxºuGaomtcgYaom‚if;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/jynfhol hvHk_cHKr+twGuf vdkttyfonfhudpPrSmrSwyg;/ TumuG,fcGifh/ &,lcGifhrsm;udk&yfqdkif;xm;jcif;rðy&// 26// //EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifhqufqH&mwGif/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.twGif;/ ty ESpfXmevHk;Y/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fapmifh&Smufr+udkawmif;qdkEdkif&rnf// 27// // wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufjcif;/ ykefuefjcif;/ qlylxºuGjcif;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfjcif;wdk hay:ayguf onfh tcgrsm;rSwyg;/ EdkifiHom;wOD;.w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsuftwGuf/ xdkEdkifiHom;tm;/ w&m;Oya' jzifhpwfrSwfxm;aom umuG,fEdkifcGifh/ &,lEdkifcGifhwdk hudkray;bJrae&// 28// // umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ h0ifrsm;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf_idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf xm;&SdaonmwyfzGJ h0ifrsm; onf rdrdwdk h .wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkausyGefpGmaqmif&GufEdkifapjcif;iSm‚if;/ xdk htjyifpnf;urf;ao0yfr+&Sdapjcif; iSm‚if;/ Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk rnfIrnfr#uef howfcsKyfcs,fxm;&rnf[lIodk hwnf; r[kwfrnfIrnfr# zsufodrf;&rnf[lI ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

29// // ygvDrefonf Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udk twnfjzpfap&ef/ vdktyfaomOya'rsm;udkðy&rnf// wzefTtcef;wGifjypfr+usL;vGef&ma&mufonf[kaz:jyxm;aomfvnf;/tjypf'%fay;ydkifcGifhr&SdcJhao;aom jypfr+ rsm;twGuf tjypf'%fay;&efvnf; Oya'rsm;udkðy&rnf// tcef; 3 //

awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf EdkifiHawmf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm; // 30// // (1) EdkifiHawmfonf ajr,mtm;vHk;. yif&if;ydkif&Sifjzpfonf// (2) TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfrsm;udkpnf;rsOf;wusjzpfap &efaomf‚if;/ v$Jajymif;&efaomf‚if;/ zsufodrf;&efaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfYtcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf rnfonfhajr,mudkrqdk jyefvnfodrf;,l_yD;v#if/ xdkajr,mudkpkaygif;pdkufysdK;a&;twGufjzpfap/ or0g,rpdkufysdK; a&;twGufjzpfap/ v,fpD;pm;orm;rsm;twGufjzpfap/ a0iSay;&eftcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf// (3) rnfonfhtajccHpHepfESifhr# ajr,mtajrmuftrsm;ydkifqdkifcGifhr&Sdap&/ wODd;wnf;ydkifjzpfaomajr,m . trsm;qHk;ajr{uta&twGufudk ta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif; w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// 31// // pD;yGg;a&;Yolwyg;udkepfemapI udkusdK;&Smjcif;rSumpD;apa&;twGuf/ rdrdwdk htcsif;csif;aygif;oif;zGJ hpnf; Edkif-uap&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfonf pD;ygG;a&;qdkif&maqmif&Gufcsufjzifh‚if;ajcm;aqmif&Gufcsuf rsm;jzifh‚if;ulnDEdkifonf// tvkyform;rsm;tm; pnf;&Hk;ydkifcGifhay;ap&ef‚if; ESpfpOftm;vyf&ufrsm;& cGifh&SdatmifpDrHap&ef‚if;/ tvkyfcGif.tajctaeudk aumif;rGefatmifðyap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI/ EdkifiHawmfonf Oya'ðyay;jcif;jzifh/ tvkyf orm;rsm;udkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&rnf// xdk htjyifta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif;/ aecif;xdkifcif;ESifh axmuf yHhr+tmrcH pHepfwdk htwGuf pDrHcsufrsm;udktm;ay;jcif;jzifh‚if;/ umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf// tcef; 4 //

EdkifiHawmf.0g'&nf!Gef;csufr+rsm; // 32// // Ttcef;wGif az:jyxm;aomr+rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftwGuf a,bk,svrf;!$efozG,f&nf&G,fonf// EdkifiHawmfonfOya'ðy&mY‚if;/ tkyfcsKyf&mY‚if; xdkr+rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&eftav;*&kðy&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdk hodk haqmif&Gufap&efrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// 33// // EdkifiHom;wdkif;atmufygtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&SdcHpm;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmfonf 0g'xm;&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h &+ haqmif&Guf&rnf// (u) tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh// (c) tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfjcif;iSmr pGrf;apmifEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ taxmuftyhH&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//

(*) tem;,lcGifh/ tm;vyfcGifh&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;// (C) ynmoif-um;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;// txl;tm;jzifhEdkifiHawmfonf tcv$wfroifrae&r+vwef;ynmoif-um;a&;twGufjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf/ 34// // EdkifiHawmfonf i,f&G,folrsm;udk txl;*&kðyI/ xdkolwdk h.ynmoif-um;a&;udktm;ay;&rnf// 35// // EdkifiHawmfonf tiftm;enf;I wdk;wufr+wGifaemufusaom EdkifiHom;pkrsm;. ynma&;ESifhpDyGg;a&;wdk h udktxl;*&kðyItm;ay;&rnf// xdk hjyifvlr+qufqHa&;rw&m;r+rS‚if;/ olwyg;udkepfemapIudk,fusdK;&Smr+rS‚if;/ xdkolwdk huif;vGwfap&efEdkifiHawmfuumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&rnf// 36// // jynfol haexdkifa&; tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwifr+ESifh jynfolusef;rma&;aumif;rGefwdk;wufr+wdk honf EdkifiH awmf.t"duwm0ef0wW&m;wckjzpf&rnf// 37// // (1)EdkifiHawmfonftvkyform;wdk h.cGeftm;ESifhusef;rma&;wdk hudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ uav;ol i,fEke,faomt&G,fudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ xdk h tjyifxdkolwdk honfrdrdwdk h. usm;=r b0/ touf/ cGef tm;wdk hESifhroifhrav#mfaomtoufarG;r+ tvkyftudkifwdk hwGif pD;yGg;a&;csdK hwJhr+a-umifhraeombJ/ 0ifa&muf vkyfudkif&jcif;r&Sdap&ef‚if; ,Hk-unfpdwfcs&atmifpDrH&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfonf rD;zGg;a&;ESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ hrsm;/ uav;a*[mrsm;/ uav;xdrf;Xme rsm;uddkzGifhvSpfjcif;tm;jzifh/ om;onftarESifhuav;wdk h.tusdK;udkapmifha&Smuf&ef/ xdk hjyifrD;rzGg;rDESifhrD;zGg;_yD; umvrsm;twGuf vkyfcESifhem;cGifh&&eftcGifhta&;udk tcpm;vkyfudkifaeaomrdcifwdk h&&SDcHpm;Edkifap&ef 0g'xm; &SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif'a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// 38// // EdkifiHawmfonf usef;rma&;0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;/ aq;&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hkrsm;/ txl;aq;&Hkrsm;/ olemðy&Hkrsm; evHxaq;&Hkrsm;ESifhtjcm;/ usef;rma&;&Hkrsm;udkwnfaxmif}uDd;-uyfb tkyfcsKyfay;jcif;jzifh/ jynfolusef;rma&; udkaumif;onfxufaumif;atmifaqmif&Guf&rnf// 39// // jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhwuG/ vkyf&nfpGrf;tm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if; EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udk jynfhwif;ap&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfonfjynfolrsm;twGuf txl;tm;jzifhvli,frsm;twGuf/ um,Avynmoif -um;a&;udktxl;*&kjyKI aqmif&Guf&rnf// 40// // EdkifiHawmfonfroefrpGrf;jzpfvmaomppfr+xrf;a[mif;rsm;tm;/ oifhwifhav#mufywfpGmaexdkpm; aomufEdkifap&ef‚if;/ oufarG;r+ynmudktcvGwfoif,lEdkifap&ef‚if; pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf// EdkifiHawmfonfusqHk; aomppfom;rsm;.uav;rsm;ESifh ppfa-umifhrdbrJhjzpf&aom uav;rsm;udk txl;*&kðyI -unfh&+apmifha&Smuf& rnf// 41// // EdkifiH."etiftm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if;/ jynfol hypPnf;OpPmtiftm;udkaumif;onfxufaumif;ap&ef ‚if;/ jynfol h,Ofaus;r+tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwufvmap&ef‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.vGyfvyfa&;udkwnfwHhcdkif_rJap &ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udk}uDd;rm;vmap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.pD;yGg;qdkif&mpDrH udef;rsm;udkðy&rnf// 42// // udk,fusdK;tjrwftpGef;twGufr[kwfbJ/ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufaeaompD;yGg;a&; vkyfief;tzGJ htpnf;rsm;

tm; ypPnf;aiGa-u; taxmftyHay;&ef EdkifiHawmfwGif0g'xm;&SdI xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// or0g, rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;ESifhtvm;wlpD;yGg;a&;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;tm; ydkrdktcGifhta&;ay;&rnf// · 43// // 0dZ…mynmESifhody`Hynmrsm;/ okawoeESifh,Ofaus;r+tzGJ htpnf;rsm;/ xdk htjyifygVdESifhouUËoif-um; a&;wdk hudk EdkifiHawmfuaxmufyHhapmifha&Smuf&rnf// 44// // (1) jynfoloHk;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ jynfolwdk h.or0g,r tpnf;t&Hkrsm;uaomf‚if;/ wnfaxifvkyfudkifap&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y0g'xm;&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftwGif;wGif/ "eypPnf;xGufrnfhobm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;ufk EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ jynfolwdk h.or0g,rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;uaomf‚if;/ vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efEdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y 0g'xm;&SdI / xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Gufrnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 12 ” tcef; 5 //

EdkifiHawmforRw // 45// // atmufyk'frrsm;wGif“EDkifiHawmforRw”[kac:tyfaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.orRw&Sd&rnf// EdkifiH awmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;.txGyftxdyfae&mudk&&SD&rnf// xdk htjyifh TtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'wdk hutyfESif;aomtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// 46// // EdkifiHawmforRwudkv#dk h0Sufaom rJqENay;pHepfjzifh/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzufnDvmcH wGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf// Ttceef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;t wGufa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;udk/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// 47// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmf.trwfr#rjzpf&// (2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwfwOD;udk EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJh aomf/ xdktrwfonf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfY rdrd.trwfae&mudkpGefv$wfcJh_yD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&rsm;udk tpdk;&ESifhoufqdkifo nfjzpfap/ roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ rcH,l&// 48// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ &mxl;oufwrf;rukeefqHk;rD/ &mxl;oufwrf;rSEkwfxGufaoma-umifh‚if;/ uG,fvGefaoma-umifh‚if;/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fjcif;cH&aoma-umifh‚if;/ xm0pOfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifaoma-umifh‚if;/ xdkta-umif;wckcka-umifhr[kwfv#if/ &mxl;Ypwifxrf;&Gufonfhae hrSpI ig;ESpfwdkifwdkifxrf;&Guf&rnf // (2) rnfonfhyk*~dKvfrqdk/ EdkifiahwmgforwWtjzpfjzifh &mxll;oufwrf;ESpf}udrfxufydkItrxrf;r&Guf&// 49// // (u) rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGm;cJhI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;vnf;jzpfaom/ xdk htjyif

(c) ygvDreftrwftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkonfvnf;jzpf aomfyk*~dKvfrsdK;r[kwfv#if/ rnfolr#EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;twGuf a&G;aumufcHEdkifcGifhr&SDap&// 50// // yXrEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefor#vsifjrefpGmrdrd. &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//aemufaemifaomEdkifiHawmforRwwdkif;onf / rdrdtvsifxrf;&GufoGm;aom EdkifiHawmforERw.&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqHk;_yD;onfhaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ xdk hodk hukefqHk;_yD;onfhaemuf/ apEdkif or#apmaomae hYaomf‚if;/ &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// tu,fIrdrdtv#if xrf;&GufoGm;aomEdkifiH awmforRwtm;&mxll;rSEkwfy,fvdkufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;rSEkwfxGufoGm;v#if/ odk h wnf;r[kwfxm0pOfrpGrf;apmifEdkifv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuG,fvGefv#if/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_yD;onfh aemuf v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGm &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// 51// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ tpnf;ta0; usif;yv#uf&Sdaom ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfESifh w&m;v$wf awmfcsKyf. w&m;0ef}uDd;rsm;a&S harSnufwGif/ atmufygtwdkif; vlod&Sif-um;opPmqdkI/ vufrSwfxdk;_yD;v#if/ &mxll;Y0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// “u|Ekfyfæææonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk wnf_rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ jynf axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifh&Smufygrnf// u|Ekyfonf zGJ hpnf;yHkiajccHOya'ESifhwuG/ w&m;Oya' wdk hESifhav#mfnDpGm rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ,Hk-unfav;jrwfajzmifhrSwfrSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufygrnf// jynf axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ab;&eftEW&,ftaygif;wdk hudk wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;&ef }uD;pGmaomowd0D&djzifh tm;xkwfyg rnf// u|Ekfyfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.tusdK;iSm/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtm; u|Efkyf.toufESifhudk,fudk tyfESif;onf[k av;eufwnf-unfpGmausnmI/ uwdopPmðyonf//” 52// // jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. t}uHay;csufrSwyg;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdr.&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;wGif jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSxGufcGgroGm;&// 53// // EdkifiHawmforRopf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufa&;twGuf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.&mxl;oufwrf; ukefqHk;tHhqJqJjzpfaom 3 vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefudkqifhac:&rnf// 54// // (1) atmufygta-umif;wckcktwGuf EdkifiHawmforRudkpGyfpGJjypfwifEdkifonf// (u) EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudkazgufzsufjcif;// (c) tajccHOya'udkusL;vGefjcif;// (*) tusifhoduQmvGefuJpHmysufjym;jcif;// (2) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ xdk hjyifxdkjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhav#mfnDpGm/ pGyfpGJcsufudkyg vDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfuwifoGif;Edkif&rnf// (3) Tyk'frt&EdkifiHawmforRwudk pGyfpGJ&efygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk hwifoGif;aomtqdkudk/ oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a& pkpkaygif;teuf av;yHkwyHkatmufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u tqdk oGif;&ef}udKwifta-umif;-um;csufudk udk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I ay;tyfaomtcgrSm rSwyg;/ vufrcH&// (4) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu/ xdkuJhodk haomftqdkudkoufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&oHk; yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uaxmufcHI qHk;jzwfjyXmef;aomrcgrSmrSwyg;/ twnfrðy&// (5) ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yfu/ pGyfpGJcsufwckudk wifoGif;_yD;aomtcg tjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// odkwnf;r[kwfpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// (6) pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aomtcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRwY/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if;/ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpf aomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//

(7) pGyfpGJcsufudkppfaq;_yD;ojzifh/ pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ ygvD refqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&pkpkaygif;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHkxufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u xdkpGyfpGJcsuf onf rSefuefonfhtjyif/ pGyfpGJcH&aomjypfr+onf EdkifiHawmforRwtm; &mxl;wGifqufvufI rxrf;r &Gufapoifhaom jypfr+jzpfonf[lIausnmjyXmef;onfh jyXmef;csuftqdkudktwnfðycJhaom/ xdkjyXmef; csuftqkdudkta-umif;ðyI EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf// 55// // EdkifiHawmforRonf/ tdrfawmfwaqmif&&Sd&rnf// xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnfjzpfaomvpm ESifhp&dwfrsm;udk&&Sd&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRw.vpmESifhp&dwfrsm;udk EdkifiHawmforRw.&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;wGif rajymif;rvJ&// 56// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf jynfol hv$wfawmfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;0ef}uDd;csKyfcef hxm;& rnf// xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h.t}uD;tr+;jzpf&rnf// (2) EDkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uDd;csKyfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvfwdk hudk/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if tjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&0ef}uD;wODd;ODd;.&mxl;Ekwf xGufpmudkvufcH&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf// 57// // EddkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfol hv$wwfawmfudkqifhac:&rnf// odk hwnf; r[kwf&kwfodrf;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfzsufodrf;&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfol hv$wfawmfY trwfrsm;axmufcHr+udk qufvufIr&&Sd aomtcg/ 0ef}uDd;csKyfut}uHay;jim;aomf‚if;/ jiif;y,fEdkifonf// TtcgrsdK;wGif0ef}uD;csyfopfwOD;. trnfudk wifoGif;I v$fawmftm;csufjcif;qifhqdk&rnf// xdk htjyif jynfol hv$wfawmfonf15 &uftwGif;wGif/ 0ef}uD;csKyftopfwODd;trnfudk&ef ysufuGufygu jynfol hv$wfawmfudkzsufodrf;&rnf// 58// // (1) ygvDrefv$wwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy_yD;jzpfonf[krswf,l& rnfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tufOya'jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfxdk;jcif;udkvdktyf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefujyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'wdkif; a-ujim&rnf// 59// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXef;csufrSm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpktkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%m[lor#onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'fr&Sdpum;a-umifh ygvDrefonf/ vufatmufcHtm%mydkifwdk h tm;/ tvkyf0ifw&m;rsm;udk ray;tyfEdkif[krjzpfap&// odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkpum;a-umifhyif/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya' t& w&m;&Hk;Yaomf‚if;/ w&m;ol}uD;Yaomf‚if;/ t&m&SdYaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tm%mydkifYaomf‚if;/ tjcm;tm %mydkifYaomf‚if;/ ESif;tyfxm;aomtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk edkifiHawmforRwtm;/ v$Jajymif;ay;tyfonf[krrSwf ,l&// 60// // jypf'%fvGwf_idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf// 61// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ EdkifiHawmfESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfolwdk hESifhoufqdkifonfh ta&;}uD;aom udpPrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I trSmv$mjzifhaomf‚if; rdefcGef;jzpfaomf‚if; ygvDrefodk hta-umif;-um;Edkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rnfonfhudpPta-umif;udkrqdk/ tcgra&G;wEdkifiHvHk;odk h rdef h¹rGufEdkifonf//

62// // (1)EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfjzifhtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Gufjcif;twGufaom‚if;/ xdktm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&mwGifjzpfap/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifhjzpfap/ ðycJhaom tðytr+wdk htwGufaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmfrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;odk hr# ajz&Sif;&efrvdk // (2) odk h&mwGif EdkifiHawmforRw. tusifhoduQmudk yk'fr 54 .udpPtvdk hiSm/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wf awmfw&yf&yfYa0zefppfa-umEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwftqdkygyk'frt&/ pGyfpHJcsufrsm;udkpHkprf;ppfaq;a&;twGuf ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu cef htyfaomw&m;&Hk;ujzpfap/ w&m;cHkawmfujzpfap/ tzGJ hujzpfapa0zef ppfa-umEdkifonf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwu.tajccHOya't&/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifh/ ðy_yD;jzpfaomtðytr+onf wqufwnf; jzpfaomatmufyk'frwGifyg&Sdonfh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf !Gef;xm;onfhjyXmef;csufrsm;ESsifhtnDr[kwf aoma-umifh/ rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// 63// // (1) TtajccHOya'wGif EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;ðyrl&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ yk*~dKvfwODd;OD; xHrSjzpfap/ tzGJ hwckckxHrSjzpfap/ t}uHay;csuft&/ odkwnf;r[kwf trnfwifoGif;csuft&/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ta-uif;-um;csuft&/ ðyr+&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ jyXef;xm;onfhtwdkif;aqmif&GuftyfonfrSwyg;/ tjcm;udpPrsm; wGifrdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom tm%mrsm;Esifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.t}uHay;csuft&om vsif/ oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk ht}uHay;csufudkaomf‚if;/ trnfwifoGif;csufudkaomf‚if;/ a-umif;-um; csufudkaomf‚if; wifoGif;onf rwifoGif;onfodk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmforRwuxdktcsufudk&onfr&onf/ tu,fIwifoGif;cJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwf&cJhaomf/ rnfodk haomt}uHay;csufrsdK;jzpfonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rnf odk haomrnfodk haomta-umif;-um;csufrsdK;jzpfonf [laomtcsufrsm;udk rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#ppfa-um; ar;jref;csif;rðy7// · 64// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwuG,fvGefaaaaomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufaomtcg/ ekwfy,fjcif;cH&aomtcg/ tvkyfcGifTYr&Sdaomtcg acwWjxpfap xm0pOfjzpfaprpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg xdktcgwrsdK;rsdk;wGif/ Ttajc cHOya'u EddkifiHawmforRwtm;/ ay;tyffxm;aomtm%mESifh tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkatmufYzGJ hpnf;tyfaom “EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJ h uoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hjzifh EdkifiH awmfOD;aqmiftzGJ hudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf &mxl;vpfvyfaeaom tcgYaom‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf raqmif &GufEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.ae&mwGif/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk aqmif &Gufap&efcef hxm;aomv$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ odk hr[kwdfxdkw&m;0ef}uDd;r&Sdjyefv#if/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;r &Sdjyefv#if/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS xdkudpPtwGufaqmif&Guf&ef &Edkifaom 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uDd;onf/ “EdkifiHawmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJwGif tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// · jyifq f ifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 2 ” (4)vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,u&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygem,uraqmif&GufEdkifaom tcgYaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,u.ae&mwGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf'kwd,em,uonf EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#mif tzGJ hY tzGJ h0iftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//

(5) jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX &mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygOuUXraqmif&GufEdkifaomt cgYaom‚if;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmf'kwd, OuUXonf EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ hY tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf// (6) EdkifiHawmfODd;ao#miftzGJ h0ifESpfOD;&Sdv#if/ xdktzGJ honfaqmif&GufEdkifonf// tzGJ h0ifae&mwckvpf vyfaeapumr+/ aqmif&GufEdkifonf// (7) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ TtajccHOya't&/ tm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Gufo uJhodk h/ EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ honfvnf;oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// · tcef; 6// 6//

ygvDref// tydkif; 1// t&yf&yfqdkif&m// 65// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.Oya'ðyr+tm%monf/ ygvDrefwGifwnf&Sd&rnf// ygvDrefwGif EdkifiHawmforRw/ jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwwdk hyg0if&rnf// TtajccHOya'wGifygvDrefudk“ygvDref”/odk hwnf;r [kwf“jynfaxmifpkygvDref”[kac:&rnf// 66// // ygvDref.nDvmcHudkESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// ygvDrefnDvmcHwck.aemufqHk; tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaomnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&// 67// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ v$wfawmftrwfrsm;teuf trwfESpfOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXESifh v$wfawm'kwd,OuUXtjzpfjzifh/ vsifjrefEdkifoavmufvsifjrefpGma&G;cs,f&rnf// xdk htjyifv$wfawmfOuUX. ae&m/ odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXae&mvpfvyfaomtcgwdkif;/ xdkvpfvyfaomae&mtwGuf jynfol hv$wfawmfonf tjcm;trwfwOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXtjzpfjzifh/ ta-umif;tm;avsmfpGma&G;cs,f&rnf · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 11 ” (2) jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif OuUX&mxl;Y/ odk hwnf;r[kwf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;Yxrf;&Gufaeaomol onf/ v$wfawmftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJcJhv#if/ xdkolonfrdrdxrf;&Gufaeaom&mxll;udkpGef hv$wf&rnf// xdkolonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hrdrdudk,fwdkif vufrSwfa&;xdk;wifoGif;aompmjzifh &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf Edkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf OuUXudkjzpfap/ 'kwd,OuUXudkjzpfap/ v$wfawmfvuf&Sdtrwfrsm;&m.qHk;jzwfjy Xmef;csufjzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fEdkifonf// odk h&mwGifTyk'frcGJ.udpPtwGuf qHk;jzwf&ef&Sdaomtqdkudk tenf;qHk; 14 &uf óudwifIta-umif;-um;jcif;rðyv#if/ xdktqdkudkv$wfawmfYrwifoGif;&// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfudk zsufodrf;aomtcgwdkif;/ v$wfawmfudkxsufodrf;_yD;onfhaemuf aemufxyfw}udrfa&G;aumufaomv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrf tonf;ta0;udkusif;ytHhqJqJtcsdeftxd/ v$wf awmfOuUXonfrdrd.&mxl;udkrpGef hv$wf&// (3) jynfolv$wfawmfOuUX&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcg/ xdkv$wfawmfOuUX.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk v$wf awmf'kwd,OuUXuaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;vnf; vpfvyfcJhaom/ xdkudpPtwGufv$wf awmftrwfrsm;teuf EdkifiHawmforRwu cef hxm;aomtrwfwOD;uaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmftpnf;t ao;odk h OuUXrwufa&mufaomtcg v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXu/ OuUXijzpfjxifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// 'kwd,OuUX

vnf; tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfOya't&cef hxm;jcif;cHxm;&aom olw OD;uOuUXtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufrnf// xdkolvnf;tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfua&G;cs,f aomtjcm;olwOD;u OuUXtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// (4) v$wfawmfOuUXESifhv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXwdk htm;/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwfaomvpmaiG rsm;udkay;&rnf// (5) Tyk'fr&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXef;csufrsm;onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhoufqdkifouJhodk h vlrsdK;pkv$WfawmfESifhvnf;oufqdkif&rnf// OuUXtpm;“em,u”/ 'kwd,OuUXtpm;“'kwd,em,u”[koHk;pGJ& rnf// “jynfolv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJaomaae&mrsm;Y“vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJ&rnf// 68// //(1) tjccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefvkyfief;pOfudk pnf;rsOf;wusjzpfatmifðyxm;aom enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhwuG wnfqJtrdef hrsm;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if ygvDrefYvGyfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh&Sd&rnf// ygvDref wGif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfygvDref.aumfrwDrsm;wGifajymqdkcJhjcif;/ rJay;cJhjcif;wdk hESifhpyfv#if;I rnfonfhygvDreftr wfudkr# w&m;pGJydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// xdk htjyif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ jzef hcsDxkwfa0aomtpDt&ifcH pm/ pm&Gufpmwrf;/ rJqENrsm;/ v$wfawmf rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;Ivnf;/ rnfol hudkr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (2) tjcm;udpPrsm;wGifr+um;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfrsm;/ cHpm;xdkufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;onf tcgtm;av#mfpGmygvDreftufOya'jzifhaz:jyonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf// xdk hodk hydkif;jcm;az:jyjcif;rðyao;v#ifxdkt xdktrwfrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJwGifjrefrmEdkifiHOya'ðytzGJ htrwf rsm;cHpm;-uaomtcGifhta&;twdkif;jzpf&rnf// 69// // (1) TtajccHOya'utjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#ifv$wfawmfrsm;.tpnf;ta0;wGif/ odk h wnf;r[kwfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaqG;EG;-uaomjy\emtm;vHk;udk tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufrJay;aom v$wfawmftrwfrsm;.rJrsm;&mjzifhqHk;jzwf&rnf// xdk hodk hqHk;jzwfaomudpPrsm;wGif OuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf em,uonf/ odk hwnff;r[kwfOuUXtjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ em,utjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ aqmoif&Gufaeaomyk*~dKvfonf/ rJray;&/ odk h&mwGifrJt&twGuf wlnDaeaomtcg tEdkifrJay;EdkifcGifh&SdI tEdkifrJudkay;&rnf// (2) rdrd.tm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJ&ef/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufa&;twGuf vdk tyfaom rwfOD;a&udk v$wfawmf. enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhqHk;jzwfowfrSwf&rnf// (3) trwfae&mrsm;vpfvyfaeapumr+/ r+ciff;udpPrsm;udkaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmf wdk hwGif/ tm%m&Sd&*rnf// xdk hjyiftcGifhta&;r&SdaomolwOD;wa,mufonf/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ rJqENay;cJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ v$wfawmf.r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wGif tjcm; wenf;enf;jzifhyg0ifcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ aemiftcgrSmrS ay:aygufvmapumr+/ ygvDrefYaqmif&GufcJhonfhr+cif; udpPonf twnfjzpf&rnf// (4) txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ jynfe,fwe,fe,frSrdrd.udk,f pm;vS,ftrwfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fI vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h apv$wf&efjyufuGufapumr+/ xdkv$wfawmfwGifrdrd. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&eftm%m&Sd&rnf// 70// // ygvDref.ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&*yf&yf.tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh jzef hcsDxkwfa0or#aompm&Gufpm wrf;tm;vHk;twGuf w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhvHk;0r&Sdap&// 71// // v$wfawmftoD;oD;.trwfrsm;onf/ jynfolwkd h.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf-uaoma-umifh/ xdkyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;vpmESifh p&dwfa-u;aiGrsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuowfrSwfaom c&D;oGm;vmr+tcGifht&;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

72// // ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftoD;oDd;onf/ v$wfawmf&Sdrdrd.trwfae&mudkr,lcif/ EdkifiHawmforRw. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwutcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfxm;aom ol.a&S harSmufY aomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'. yXrZ,m;wGifyg&Sdonfhtwdkif; EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk apmifha&Smufyg rnf[kusrf;udkifIjzpfap/ opPmqdkIjzpfap/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf// 73// // (1) wcsdefwnf;wGifrnfolr#/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.trwfrjzpfEdkif/ v$wfawmfw&yfwGif trwfjzpfaeaomolonf/ tjcm;v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfvmcJhaom/ xdkolonfyxrtrwfae&mudkpGef hv$wf _yD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf// (2) v$wfawmftrwfwOD;onf= (u) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd/ yk'frcGJ (1) t&/ trwft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;vmcJhaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf/ (c) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I EkwfxGufpmwifoGif;csif;tm;jzifh/ trwftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhaom/ xdktrwf.ae&monfxdktcgYvpfvyf&rnf// (3) v$wfawmftrfwOD;OD;onf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf. tcGifhudkr&bJ/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;tm; vHk;odk h/ &ufaygif;oHk;q,fwdwdwqufwnf;rwufa&mufbJaecJhaomf/ oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfonf xdktrwf .ae&mvpfvyfonf[k ausnmEdkifonf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifqdkcJhaom&ufaygif;oHk;q,fudk wGufppf&mY v$wfawmfudk&kyfodrf;xm;aomuv udk odk hwnf;r[kwfwqufwnf;jzpfaomav;&ufxufausmfvGefI tpnf;ta0;&yfqdkif;xm;aomumvudk/ xnfhoGif;a&wGufxm;jcif;rðy&// 74// // (1) atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftjzpfjzifha&G;cs,fjcif;cH&&ef‚if;/ v$wfawmf w&yf&yf.trwftjzpfwnf_rJap&ef‚if;/ cGifhrðy&// (u) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.aus;Zl;opoPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha&Smuf&dkaool/ odk hwnf;r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk; &.vufatmufcHjzpfol/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdktpdk;&.vufatmufcHjzpfolaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;aomf‚if;/ cHpm;& aom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhaus;Zll;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh&Sdol/ odkwnf;r[kwf (c) vlrGJtjzpf qHk;jzwfa-unmcHxm;&jcif;rSvGwfajrmufcGifhr&ao;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (*) pdwfayghoGyfI/ pdwfayghoGyfol[k tcGihftm%m&w&m;&Hk;.trdefcsrSwfjcif;cHae&ol/ odk hwnf;r [kwf (C) &mxl;lwckckY xrf;&Gufaeaomfvnf;/ xdk&mxl;a-umifh/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;csif;r &Sdap&[k ygvDreftuftkya'jzifhausnmxm;aom &mx;lrsdK;rSwyg;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmuf wGifaomf‚if;/ tusdK;tjrwf&Sdaomtjcm;&mxll;wckckY xrf;&Gufaeonfhol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (i) jrefrmjynfOya'ðyvGwfawmf. odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefqHk;ao;v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkygvDref.t rwfjzpf&eft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mjypfr+jzpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkyg vDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_yD;jzpfaom jypfr+rsdK;twGuf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfrDujzpf ap/ tm%mwnf_yD;aemufrSjzpfap/ tjypf'%fcH&ol/ oddk hwnf;r[kwfjrefrmjynfOya'ðyv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf; r[kwfygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao; v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwf xddkygvDef.trwfjzpf&eftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m w &m;rJh ðyusifhr+jzpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkygvDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_yDd;jzpfaomf

ðyusifhr+rsdK;twGuf/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf/ enf;vrf;usonfrusonfwdk hudk pHkprf; ppfaq;aomtr+tcif;rsdK;wGif/ tjypfusL;vGef_yD;onf[ktrdefcsrSwfjcif;cH&_yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (p) tjypf'%frSvGwfonfhae hrSpI 5 ESpfumvtydkiftjcm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;cGifhðyaom 5ESpfatmufav#mhaom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao;v#if/ tydk'f(i)Yaz:jy xm;aom jypfr+rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;jypfr+wckcktwGuf jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif/ TtajccHOya' tm%m rwnfrDujzpfap/ tm%mwnf_yDd;aemufrSjzpfap/ jypf'%fcH&I wu|ef;ydk h'%fudkaomf‚if;/ pD&ifjcif;& _yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (q) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfudk wifoGif;aomae hrSpI/ 5 ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm; rukefvGef ao;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmforRwurdrd.oabmtwdkif; y,fzsuf_yD;r[kwfao;v#if/ ygvDrefodk htrwftjzpfjzifhtrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&_yD;aemuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkodk h trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&ol. a&G;aumufyGJ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf_yD;aemuf/ TtajccHOya't& xkwfqifhaomtrdwfjzifhaom‚if;/ ygvDref.tufOya'tYaomf‚if;/ jyXmef;xm;aomtcsdefumvtwGif;wGif/ xdkodk hjyXmef;xm;aomenf;vrf;ESifhtnD/ a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfp&if;udkwifoGif;&efysufuGufcJhol// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifukefusp&dwf pm&if;wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ 1 vjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwu oD;jcm;udpPwGif rdrd.oabmtwdkif;aqmif&Gufum tcGifhðyaom 1 vxufydkaomumvtydkif;tjcm;jzpfap/ aphukefjcif;r&SdrD/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdtydk'f (q) t& trwfjzpf&efcGihfrðyjcif;onftwnfrjzpfap&// (2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ &mZ0wefjypfr+a-umifh wu|ef;tydk hcHae&pOf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf axmifoGif;tusOf;xm;jcif;cHae&pOf/ xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwftjzpf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGiftjypf'%fcH&aomumvonf 2 ESpfxufrydkcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf tqdkyft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;z,f&Sm;Edkifonf// (3) tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&Itjypf '%fay;jcif;udkvnf;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ Tyk'fr&Sdyk'frcGJ (1) tydk'f (i) t&/ odkwnf;r[kwftydk'f (p) t&/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olwOD;onf/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aomae hwGif/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfjzpf aeaomf/ Tyk'frwGifjzpfap/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frwGifjzpfap rnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ xdkol. trwfae&monf/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhae hrSpI 3 vrukefrvGefrD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf tjypf&Sdonf[kt rdef hcsrSwfcH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ tjypf'%ftay;cH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ pyfvsOf;aeaomt,lcHv$mudkaomf‚if;/ apm'u 0ifav#mufv$mudkaomf‚if;/ xdk 3 vtwGif;wGifwifoGif;cJhv#if/ xdkt,lcHv$mudkodk hwnf;r[kwf xdkapk'u0if av#mufv$mudk rqHk;jzwfao;rD/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhtcsufa-umifh rvpfvyf&/ odk h&mwGifTyk'f rcGJu xdkoltm; v$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh wnfaecGifhay;xm;onfh umvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;wGif/ xdkol onfv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufjcif;/ rJqENay;jcif;rðy&// 75// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif trwfjzpf&efvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;csdK hiJhaeyg v#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfysuf,Gif;aeygv#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;rpkwfyk'fr 74 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3). jyXmef;csufrsm;urdrd tm;/ xdkv$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh rwufra&muf&efaomf‚if;/ wm;jrpfxm;jcif;cH&ygvsufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[k wf yk'fr 74 Yyg&Sdonfh vdktyfaomtcsufrsm;udkvdkufav#mjcif;rðyrD/xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk trwf tjzpfjzifhwufa&mufcJhaomf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrJqENay;cJhaomf/ rdrdwufa&mufaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rJqENay; cJhaomfae h&ufrsm;twGuf wae hv#if'%faiG 1000 aqmif&efxdkolYwm0ef&Sd&rnf// xdkaiGudkjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH awmftpdk;&tm;/ ay;qyf&ef&SdaomaºuG;_rDuJhodk h/ oabmxm;I xdkolxHrSawmif;,l&rnf// 76// // (1) touf 21 ESpfjynfhonfhtjyif/ TtajccHOya'uaomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya'uaomf‚if; vdktyfaom t&nftcsiflcsdK hiJhonf[k/ jyXmef;xm;jcif;rcH&aomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/ ygvDreftrwftjzpfjzifh ta&G;cH,lcGifh&Sd

&rnf// (2) touf 18 ESpfjynfhI/ w&m;Oya't& t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfonfhtjyif/ ygvDreft wGuf trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m w&m;Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh nD!GwfaomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/ ygvDreftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;ydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf// (3) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGufaomf‚if;/ ygvDreftrwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGuf aomf‚if;/ ypPnf;OpPmt&nftcsif;rsdK;r&Sd&// (4) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGuf rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkr# usm;=r b0udkaomf‚if;/ vlrsdK;udkaomf‚if; udk;uG,f&mbmomudkaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;ðyIvdktyfaomt&nf;tcsif;csdK hiJhatmif/ Oya'rðy&/ odk hwnf;r[k wfqufvuf&twnfrjzpfap&/ ygvDeftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGufvnf;/ rnfonfhEdkifiH om;udkr# txufygta-umif;rsm;udkyifta-umif;ðyI/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;atmif/ Oya'rðy&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfqufvufI twnfrjzpfap&// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 21 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3) wGif rnfodk hyif&Sdaeapumr+/ qdkcJhaomtrwfa&G;aumuf yGJrsm;wGif rJqENray;ap&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfYtrwfrjzpfap&ef/ rnfonfhomoemh0efxrf;udkrqdk w&m;Oya'jzifh wm;jrpfEdkifonf// (5) rJqENay;jcif;udkv#dK h0SufaomrJqENay;pHepfjzifhðy&rnf// 77// // TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yftwGuftrwf a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m/ udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// xdkudpPtm;vHk;wGif/ rJqENe,fowf rSwfjcif;/ &Hzef&Hcgvpfvyfaomtrwfae&mrsm;udkjznfhoGif;jcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&mrSaomf‚if;/ a&G;aumuf yGJESifhpyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; jzpfay:vmaom'dG[jzpfr+/ tjiif;yGg;r+rsm;udkqHk;jzwfjcif;wdk hyg0if&rnf// 78// // ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfwOD;udk trwftjzpfrS/ xGufcdkif;&efvdktyfaompnf;urf; csufrsm;ESifh enf;emrsm;udkygvDrefonf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXef;owfrSwfEdkifonf// 79// // jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;toD;oD;ESifh EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfY‚if;/ v$wfawmfrsm;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y‚if;/ rdrdtm;aumfrw0ifDvl}uDd;wOD;tjzpfjzifhtrnfxkwfaz:jyxm;aom ygvDrefqdkif&maumfrwDY‚if;/ 0ifa&mufajymqdkcGifh&Sdonfhtjyif/ tjcm;enf;jzifhyg0ifaqmif&GufEkdif&efvnf; tcGifh&&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'frudkta-umif;ðyI rJqENay;ydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// 80// // (1)TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;onf/ v$wfawmf. vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wdk hudkpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfap&efenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEdkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,u/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyif _yD;aemuf/ v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzuftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I‚if;/ xdkv$wfawmfrsm;. tcsif;csif;quf oG,fa&;rsm;ESifh‚if;/ vkyfief;pOfenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEkdifonf// (3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGzuftpnf;ta0;wGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkem,urvmra&mufv#ifjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfIyk'frt&ðyxm;aom vkyfief;pOf enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh jyXmef;onfhyk*~dKvfwOD;onf obmywdtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// 81// // TtajccHOya'wGifjyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;v$wfawmf rSw&m;0ef}uDwOD;ODtm;&mxl;rSEkwfy,f&eftqdkudkaqG;aEG;onfrSwyg; xdkw&m;0ef}uD; tvkyf0wW&m;aqmif &Guf&mY ðyr+aomðyr+csufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IygvDrefwGifaqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&//

82// // (1) ygvDrefwGif/ aqmif&Gufonfh r+cif;udpPonf v$wfawmfrsm;qdkif&mvkyfief;pOfenf;vrf;twdkif;rus eojzifh rcdkifvHk[k rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr$jiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfudkaomf‚if;/ r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufjcif; udkaomf‚if;/ pnf;urf;owfrSwfay;&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;urf;ao0yfatmifaqmif&Guf&ef TtajccHOya' uaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;ESif;tyfhjcif;cH&aomjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf OuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,utm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf .tjcm;trwfwOD;tm;/ xdktm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Gufa&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ w&m;&Hk;urpD&ifEdkifap&// tydkif; 2 // jynfol hv$wfawmf // · 83// // (1)jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif w&m;Oya'jzifh owfrSwfxm;aom rJqENe,frsm;rS/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf vdkufonfh udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;yg0if&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&iftrsdK;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;twGuf u&iftrsdK;om;vlODd;a& tcsdK;tpm;tvdkufowfrSwfay;&rnfjzpfaom trwfae&mta&twGufudk oD;oef h xm;&efjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf// (2) Tv$wfwmftrwfOD;a&onf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfOD;a&. ESpfqeD;eD;jzpfEdkifor#jzpfap&rnf// Tv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&udk tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// odk h&mwGifjynfol hv$wf awmftrwfOD;a&udk pkpkaygif;udk 100˜000 v#if trwfwOD;usESifhwGufojzifh/ &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&atmufav#mh Ijzpfap/ vlOD;a& 30˜000 v#if trwfwOD;ufESifhwGufjzifh &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&xufydkIjzpfaprowfrSwf&// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 6 ” (3) aemufqHk;t}udrfoef;acgifpm&if;aumufcsuft&/ od&Sd&aomrJqENe,few,f&SdvlOD;a&ESSifh xdke,ft wGuf a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfh trwfOD;a&wdk h.tcsdK;tpm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif/ rJqEN e,fwdkif;Y wlnDEdkifor#wlnDEdkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&ifjynfeDjynfe,f&SdrJqENe,frsm;ESifh (tcef;9 tydkif; 5 wGif !Gef;xm;aom) csif;0daowdkif;&Sd rJqENe,frsm;twGufrSmr+um;/ tcsdK;us&Ekdifonfxuf trwfoD;a&udkwdk;jr‡ifh Edkifonf// (4) rJqENe,f&SdvlOD;a&twdk;tav#mhudk axmufxm;oifhinfhtwdkif;axmufxm;I/ ygvDrefonf tenf;qHk;wESpfv#ifw}udrfus rJqENe,frsm;udk ppfaq;jyifpqif&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkrJwENe,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf; aomajymif;vJcsufonf/ ygvDref.oufwrf; rukefqHk;rDtusdK;roufa&muf&// 84// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmftwGuftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk/ v$wfawmfa[mif;tm;zsufodrf;onfhaemuf &ufaygif; 60 atmufaemufrusapbJ usif;y&rnf// a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkysif;yaomtcgwdkif;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH 0ef;vHk;Y rJqENay;jcif;udk wae hxJwGifjzpfajrmufEdkifor#jzpfajrmufatmifðy&rnf// (2) jynfol hv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;udk/ rJqENrsm;ay;_yDd;onfhae hrSpI/ &ufaygif; 60 twGif;usif;y& rnf// 85// // jynfol hv$wfawmfwdkif;onf/ yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usif;yonfhae hrSpI/ av;ESpfwdkifwdkifqufvufI wnf&Sd&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 94 t& ta&;w}uD;tajctaeqdkufa&mufonf[k ausnmaomtrdef h wnfaecdkufwGif/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufrJ ay;-uaom oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhonfh trwfrsm;.twnfðycsufjzifh/ txufygav;ESpfumvudk wESpf_yDD;

wESpf qufvufIwnf&SdapEdkifonf// xdk htjyifEdkifiHawmforRonf/ TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 57 Y jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; jynfol hv$wfawmfudk tcgra&G;zsufodrf;Edkifonf// 86// // (1) rnfonfhb¾mawmfESpftwGufrqdk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. t&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajcaiG pm&if;udk TtajccHOya'&Sdtcef; 7 t&/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy_yD;onfhaemuf/ xdkrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udk v$wfawmfuvsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGmpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// (2) oD;jcm;Oya'ðyjcufjzifh txl;wvnfjyXmef;xm;aomudpPtwGufr[kwfv#if/ ESpftoDd;oD;.b¾m a&;qdkif&mqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef vdktyfaomOya'udk xdkESpftwGif;wGifðy&rnf// (3) rnfonfhudpPtwGufaiGrnfr#oHk;pGJ&rnf[k/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tqdkoGif; jcif;rðyonfhumvywfvHk; jynfol hv$wfawmfonf tcGefawmfudkoHk;pGJ&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfol haiGrsmm;udk oHk;pGJ&ef rJqENay;jcif;aomf‚if;/ qHk;jzwfjyXef;jcif;aomf‚if;rðy&/ w&m;Oya'udkvnf;rðy&// tydkif; 3 // vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf // 87// // TtajccHOya'&Sd 'kwd,Z,m;YcGJa0az:jyxm;onfhtwdkif;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif trwfae&m 125 ae&m&Sd&rnf// 88// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfudkjzufodrf;_yD;onfESifhw_ydkifeuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfonfvnf;jzufodrf;_yD;jzpfap &rnf// (2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftwGuf/ a&G;aumufyGJudk jynfol hv$wfawmfjzufodrf;_yD;onfhaemuf/ aemufxyf a&G;aumufaom jynfol hv$wfawmf.yXrtpnf;a0;udkusnif;yonfrSpI/ 15 &ufajrmufae hrvGefrDusif;y_yD; jzpfap&rnf// 89// // a&G;aumufyGJ_yD;onfhaemuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk/ 0ef}ud;csKyf. t}uHay; csuft& EdkifiHawmforRwuowfrSwfaomae h&ufwGif/ usif;y&rnf// tydkif; 4 // ygvDref.tm%mrsm; // 90// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif Oya'ðyEdkifaomtm%m onf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ygvDref.tufOya'wckonf/ xdktufOya'ESifhoabmudkufnDaom enf;Oy a'rsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udkðyap&ef/ xdktufOya'wGiftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aomolwOD;OD;tm;‚if;/ odk h wnf;r[kwf tm%mydkifwOD;ODtm;aomf‚if;/ tcGifhtm%mudkv$JtyfEdkifonf// xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oy a'rsm;rSm w&m;Oya'uJhodk htm%m&Sd&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESihfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmftoD;oD;odk h / qufvufusif;vuWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifoGif;&rnf// xdk htjyiftqdkygenf;Oya'rsm; t&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;t&ta&;,laqmif&GufcJh_yD;jzpfaom tr+udpP.cdkifvHkjcif;udkrxdcdkufap bJ/ xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ oHk;vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmf ESpf&yfvHk;Y tqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwfI y,fzsufEdkif&rnf ///

91// // odk h&mwGifa'otvdkufudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdonf[laom&nf&G,fcsufoabmw&m;udk tajccHI/ w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom a'oqdkif&mudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;odk h/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;r+udpP/ pD;yGg; a&;udpPrsm;twGuftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aom tm%mrsm;udkv$Jay;&ef/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;csufðyEdkifonf/ xdkjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0ifaomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdkudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tm%mrsm;ESifhwm0ef 0wW&m;rsm;udk‚if;/ xdk htzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&wdk h. qufqHa&;udk‚if;/ owfrSwf&rnf// · 92// // (1) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJjzifh/ jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$JtyfaomOya'ðytm %mrSvGJI/ ygvDrefwGifjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk;twGufjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. wpdwfwa'otwGufjzpfap/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&eftm%m&Sd&rnf// Tyk'frY a&S huaz:jycJhaom pnf;urf;csufwdk h.a,bk,soabmudk tcsKwftcs,frjzpfapbJ/ xdk hjyif aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frcGJYrnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfaxmifpk ygvDrefYomY&SdaomOya'ðyr+tcGifhtm%monf (jynfaxmifpk Oya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaom) TtajccHOy a'.wwd,Z,m;&Sdpm&if; 1wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;aomudpPtm;vHk;tay:Y oufa&mufjyef hESH h&rnf aus nmvdkufonf// tqdkygpm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm; aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&m trsdK;tpm;wckckY/ yg0ifae onfhudpPwckckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom/ atmufyk'frcGJjzifh jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$Jtyfxm; onfh jynfe,fa'oEW&oabmouf0ifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom/ odk h wnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&mpm&if;wGifyg0ifonf[kr rSwfr,l&// (2) jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaomtqdkygZ,m;&Sdpm&if; 2 Y oD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;onfh udpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ jynfe,f.wpdwfwa'otwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&ef jynfe,faumifpDYomtm%m&Sd&rnf// (3) rnfonfhjynfe,faumifpDrqdk/ rdrd.e,fajrrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHodk h qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ jyeftyfEdkifonf// 93// // jynfaxmifpkOya'ðypm&if;wGif opfawmudpP/ owWwGif;udpP/ a&eHajrudpP/ owWKwl;az:ðyjyifa&;udpP/ pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfydkifcGifh yg&Sdonfjzpfaoma-umif/h jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHuoHk;pGJydkifcGifh&Sdaomtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJ&mY xdkopfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efaomf‚if;/ wdk;wufatmifðyap&efaomf‚if;/ toHk;csap&efaomf‚if; vufrSwfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdkifpOfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfaomtjcm; enf;udkxkwfray;rD/ xdkodk hxkwfay;aom tm%mydkifonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfemftwGufcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD;ESifhwdkifyif&rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 2 ” 94// // (1) ppfa-umifhjzpfap/ EdkifiHwGif;qlylr+a-umifhjzpfap/ jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH.wnfwHhr+udk tEW&,fjzpfap tyfaom txl;ta&;w}uD;tajcjzpfay;ae_yD[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkxdcdkufaeaompD;yGg;a&;ta&; w}uD;tajconf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkfiiH.wpdwfwa'oYay:aygufae_yD[lIaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu (Tt ajccHOywGifta&;w}uD;a-ujimcsuf[k!Gefxm;aom) ausnmcsufw&yfudkxkwfjyefcJhaomf/ yl'fr 92 wGifrnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,f we,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&efygvDrefwGiftm%m&Sd&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya't&/ Oya'ðy&ef tm%m&Sdaomjynfe,faumifpD.tm%mudk/ Tyk'fr&Sdpum;

a-umifh/ csKwfcs,fjcif;rðy&/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,fw&m;Oya'. jyXmef;csufwckckonf/ Tyk'frt&Oya'ðy&ef tm%m&SdaomygvDref. jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'&SdjyXmef;csufwckckESifhqef husifaecJhaomf/ jynfe,fw&m;Oya' twnfrðyrDujzpfap/ ðy_yD;rSjzpfap/ twnffjzpfaeaomjynfaxmifpkw&m,;Oya'udkomv#ifvdkufem&rnf// jynfe,fw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'twnfjzpfaecdkuf/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ESifhqef husifor# om/ tm%mysufjy,faeap&rnf// (3) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufudk== (u) aemufxyfa-unmcsufw&yfxkwfjyefI&kyfodrf;Edkifonf// (c) ajcmufvtcsdefumv rukefqHl;rD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpfyfvHk;u qHk;jzwfjyXmef;Itwnf rðyv#if/ xdkajcmufvtcsdefumvukefqHk;aomtcg/ xdkausnmcsufonf tm%mewnf_rJjcif; rS&yfpJ&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif xdka-unmcsuf tm%mqufvufwnfaeap&ef/ oabmwlaomqHk;jzwfjyXmef; csufudk/ yfvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;utwnf¹yv#if/ xdk htjyiftwnf¹ywdkif; / xdka-unmcsufonf &kyf odrf;jcif;rcH&ao;or#/ Tyk'frcGJt&/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfaejcif;rS&yfpJ&rnfhae hrSpI aemufxyf 12 v umvtwGufqufvuftm%mwnf&rnf// (4) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;a-umifhomv#ifygvDrefuðyydkifcGifh&SdI xdkðyydkifcGifhtESifhtnDðy xm;aomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ_yD;onfhaemufajcmufvtcsdefumvukef qHk;aomtcg/ tqdkygtcsdefumvrukefqHk;cifuðy_yD;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrðybJcsefcJhaomt&mrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf; IrSwyg; /tusdK;roufa&muf&// 95// // jynfe,fESpfe,f./ odk hwnf;r[kwfESpfe,fxufydkaom jynfe,frsm;.jynfe,faumifpDrsm;onf/ jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPwckcktwGuf ygvDref.tufOya'jzifh/ xdkjynfe,f rsm;wGifpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;oifhonf[laomtcsufudktvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrifcJhaomf/ xdk hjyifxdkjynfe,f aumifpDrsm;u/ xdkodk htvdk&Sdonf[kqHk;jzwftwnfðycJhaomf/ ygvDrefonf/ xdkodk hpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;&eft wGuftufOya'wckudktwnfðyjyXmef;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkodk hjyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'udk xdktufOya' ESifhoufqdkifonfhjynfe,few,fESifhpyfvsOf;I/ xdkjynfe,faumifpD.tufOya'ujyifEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf &kyfodrf;Edkifonf// 96// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdpwkwÎZ,m;Y a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom tcGefxGufyif&ifrsm;rS &rnfh tcGefawmf tm;vHk;onf jynfe,fYaomff‚if;/ jynfe,fuaomf‚if;/ aumufcH&&Sdaomjynfe,f.tcGefawmfaiGwGifyg0if&rnf (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJt&/ jynfe,frsm;odk hcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtcGefawmfrsm;rSvGJI tcGefawmftm;vHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.tcGefawmfwGifyg0if&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // TudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom tzGJ hwckck. odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckck.axmuf cHcsufrsm;t&axmufyHh&ef vdktyfonf[k qHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom taxmuftyHhaiGrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH awmftpdk;t&onf rdrd.tcGefawmfrsm;rSxkwfI jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;.tcGefawmfrsm;udk jznfhwif;aom tm;jzifh/ xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;.tpdk;&rsm;tm;ay;Edkifonf// 97// // (1) ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfzGJ hpnf;xm;&SdaomtcGifhta&;onf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf// (2) ygvDrefuzGJ hpnf;xm;&Sdaom ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfrsm;rSwyg; rnfonfhukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfudkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhppfwyftpnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ ppfwyfoabtcsdK ht0ufygaomf rnfonfht pnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhta-umif;udpPESifhr#/ rzGJ hrpnf;rxm;&Sd&/ odk h&mwGif_idrf0yfydjym;a&;qdkif&mwm 0ef0wW&m;oufoufudkom aqmif&Gufap&ef jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. tcGifhtm%mt&xm;&Sdaom&mZ

0wftzGJ hudkr+um; zGJ hpnf;xm;&SdEdkifonf// tydkif; 5 // Oya'ðyjcif Oya'ðyjcif; // 98// //jynfol hvGwfawmfwGifpwifwifoGif;I/ xdkv$wfawmfuyiftwnfðyvdkufaom Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkvGwfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// xdkOya'-urf;onf aiGOya'-urf;r[kwfv#if/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jyifqif csufðyEdkifI jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifydk hEdkifonf// 99// // aiGOya'-urf;rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGifwifoGif;EdkifI/ xdkv$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfujyifqifcsufðyEdkifI/ vlrsdK;pkv$wf awmfodk h/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjyefydk hEdkifonf// 100// // v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuvufcHaomOya'-urf;udk/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u/ twnfðyonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 101// // tpdk;&.omrefESpfpOftoHk;pm&dwfrsm;twGuf/ tcGefawmfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGudkowfrSwfay;aom Oya'-urf;onf/ xdkodk howfrSwfcGJa0ay;aomtcsufrsm;Sifhomv#if/ oufqdkif&rnf// 102// // tcGefpnf;usyfa&;qdkif&mOya'-urf;rsm;onf/ tcGefpnf;usyfaomtcsufrsm;ESifhomoufqdkif&rnf/ xdkOya'-urf;rsm;Yyg&Sdonfhtjcm;udpPrsm;qdkif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;udktusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rjzpfap&// aiGOya'ya'-urf;rsm; // 103// // aiGOya'-urf;rsm;udk/ jynfol hv$wfawmfYomv#if/ pwifwifoGif;&rnf// 104// // jynfol hv$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufaom aiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h/ t}uHay; ap&efwifydk h&rnf// 105// // (1) vlrsdK;pkv$wafwmfodk ht}uHay;ap&efwifydk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ xdkv$wfawmfodk h wifydk h_yD; onfhaemuf 21 &uftwGif;wGif/ jynfol hv$wafwmfodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf .t}uHay;csuftm;vHk;udkaomf‚if;/ tcsdK hudkaomf‚if;/ vufcHEdkifonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf y,fEdkifonf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jynfolv$wfawmfodk h 21 &uftwGif; wGifjyefrydk hv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfol hv$wfawmfu vufrcHaomt}uHay;csufrsm;jzifh/ xdk 21 &uftwGif; wGifjyefydk hv#if/ xdkaiGOya'-urf;onf 21 &ufukefvGefaomtcg/ v$wfawnfESpf&yfvHk;.twnfðycsufudk &onf [krSwf,l&rnf// 106// // (1) aiGOya'-urf;plonfrSm/ atmufygudpPrsm;tm;vHk;ESifhaomf‚if;/ wckckESifhaomf‚if;/ oufqdkifonfh jyXmef;csufrsm;om yg0ifaomOya'-urf;udkqdkvkdonf// xdkudpPrsm;um; tcGedfawmfpnf;-uyfjcif;/ tcGefaawmf &kyfodrf;jcif;/ tcGefawmfcsrf;omcGifhay;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfajymif;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfjcif;/odk h wnf;r[kwf aºuG;_rDay;qyfjcif;twGufaomf‚if;/ tjcm;b¾ma&;udpPrsm;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.

tcGefawmfrS uscHap&efowfrSwfjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudkjyifjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudk&kyfodrf; jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfcGifhðy&efyHkaiGowfrSwfjcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfb¾mawmfaiGcGJa0oHk;pGJjcif;/ vufcHjcif;/ xdef; odrf;jcif;/ xkwfay;jcif;/ pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGacs;,ljcif;/ acs;,laiGtwGuftmrcHjcif;/ acs;,l aiGudkjyefqyfjcif;/ xdkudpPrsm;ESifhaomf‚if;/ qufoG,fIjzpfay:vmaomudpPrsm;jzpfonf// (2) txufyk'frcGJ&Sd“tcGefawmpnf;usyfjcif;”/ “jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.tcGefawmf”/ “acs;,laiG” [l aompum;&yftoDoD;,t"dy`g,fwGif/ a'oEW&qdkif&mudpPrsm;twGuf/ a'oEW&qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;uaomf ‚if;/ tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ pnf;-uyfaomftcGef odk hwnf;r[kwf aumufcHaomb¾maiG odk hwnf;r[kwf acs;aiG/ rygacs// 107// // (1) jynfol hvGwfawmfOuUXonf/ rdrd.xifjrifcsufwGif/ aiGOya'-urf;[k,lqaom rnfonfhOya' -urf;udkrqdk/ aiGOya'-urf;[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufay;&rnf// Tyk'frwGif qufvufyg&Sdonfh jyXmef;csuf rsm;ESifh rqef husifv#if/ xdkaxmufcHcsufonft_yD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf// (2) Oya'-urf;wcktm; aiGOya'-urf;[kwfr[kwf tcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk hwifjypOf;pm;ap&ef vlrsdK; pkv$wfawmfonf/ trwfpkpkaygif;.oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaom trwfrsm;wufa&mufonfh tpnf;a0;wck wGif twnfðyaomjyXmef;csufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;yef-um;Edkifonf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;/ xdkyef-um;csufudk vdkufavsm&efqHk;jzwfv#if/ tcGifhta&;aumfrwDwckudkcef h&rnf// xdkaumfrwDwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwdk hrs trwfOD; a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnfhtjyif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrSw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;udkvnf;/ obmywdtjzpfjzifhvnf;cef h& rnf// rJqENta&twGufwlnDaeaom udopPYomv#if obmywdY rJqENay;udkifcGihf&Sd&rnf// (4) xdkodk hcef htyfvdkufaomtcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk h EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkjy\emudkay;ydk h axmufvSrf;&rnf// Oya'-urf;udkvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk hay;ydk h_yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 21 &uftwGif;wGif xdk aumfrwDonf rdrd.,lqcsufudkEdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;tpDt&ifcH&rnf// (5) tpDt&ifcHcsufudktajcðyIEdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;csrSwfaomqHk;jzwfonf/ t jyD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf// 108// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yef-um;csufudkrvdkufav#m[k rdrdoabmtwdkif;qHk;jzwf v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhta&;aumfrwDonf txufygowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdeftwGif;wGif tpD&ifcH&efjyuf uGufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX.[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufonf twnfjzpf_rJjzpf&rnf// 109// // v$wfawmfw&yfutjcm;Oya'-urf;wckckudkwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuxdkOya'-urf;udky,fcs v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy&efysufuGufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkOya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;onfhv$wfawmf uvufrcHaomjyifqifcsufrsm;jzifhtwnfðyvdkufv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonfv$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf; ta0;udkusif;yap&rnf// wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&muf-uaomv$wfawmftrwfrsm;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;aom v$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufonfh Oya'-urf;ESifhwuG/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuðy_yD;jzpfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;&Sdv#if/ xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;udkyg/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;Edkif&ef rJqENay;&rnf/ tu,fItpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&mufrJay;-u aomv$wfawmfESpf&yftrwf pkpkaygif;.trwfrsm;&mu/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ygv#if/ xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;ygaom Oya' -urf;udktwnfðyvdkufaomf/ cdkOya'-urf;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. twnfðycsufudk&,lonf[krSwf,l&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifwGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y== (u) v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðy_yDd;jzpfaomOya'-urf;udk/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuy,fcsI/ pwifwifoGif;

aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#if/ xdkOya'udktwnfðy&eftcsdef-uef -h umaoma-umifh ðytyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;rS wyg;/ tjcm;rnfonfhjyifqifcsuiftqdkudkr#rwifoGif;&// (c) Oya'-urf;udktjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu jyifqifcsufrsm;xnfhItwnfðy_yD;aemuf pwifwifoGif; aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#ifr+um;/ tydk'f (u) wGifaz:jycJhaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;ESifh v$wfawmfESpf&yf o abmuGJvGJonfhtcsufrsm;ESifhqdkifaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;udkwifoGif;&rnf// xdk hjyif/ Tyk'frt&cGifhðyxdkufaom jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;Iobmywdtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufaom ol.qHk;jzwfcsufonf t_yD;tjywfjzpf&rnf// 110// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.nDvmcHr&Sdcdkuf/ rnfonfhtcgrsdK;Yrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwon/f csufcsif;ta&;,l&efvdktyfaomudpPrsm; ay:aygufvmonf[k,lqv#if/ xdkudpPrsm;ay:aygufvmonfhtav#muf vdtyfonf[kxifjrifaom wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;udkxkwfjyefa-unmEdkifonf// Tyk'frt& xkwfjyefa-unm aomwcsufv$wfOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwuoabmwl_yD;jzpfaom ygvDref.tufOya'uJhodk h/ tusdK;ouf a&mufItwnfjzpf&rnf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomwcsufv$wfOya'wdkif;udk óudwifEkwfodrf;xm;_yD;r[kwfvsif/ xkwfjyefausnmonfh ae hrspI/ 45 &uftwGif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udkygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;odk hwifjy &rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfjyefvnfpnf;a0;0nfhae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ vlrsdK;pHkjyefvnfpnf;a0; aomae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ aemufus&mae hwGif/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'onf twnfjzpfaejcif; rS&yfpH&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.oabmwlnDcsufjzifh xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udk/ vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;txd/ qufvuftwnfjzpfapEdkifonf// (3) wcsufv$wfOya'xkwfjyefa-unmonfhae hrSpI 45 &uftwGif;YEkwfodrf;_yD;uzpfv#if/ xdkwcsuf v$wfOya'udk ygvDrefodk h/ qufvufusif;yvwWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifjy&rnf// (4) Tyk'frt&/ wcsufv$wfOya'wckwGif/ TtajccHOya't&/ ygvDrefurðyEddkifaom jyXmef;csuyf g &Sdv#if/ yg&SdaomxdkjyXmef;csufonfysufjy,f&rnf// vufrSwfxdk;jcif;ESifh xkwfjyefa-unmjcif; // 111// // (1) Oya'-urf;wckudk ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyvdkufonfESifh wòydifeuf/ xdkOy a'-urf;udk Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vufrSwfa&;xdk;&efESifh tufOya'w&yftjzpfjzifhxkwfjyefa-unm&ef xdkOya'-urf;udk EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifjy&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya'Y/ tjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ rdrdxHodk hwifjyaomOya'-urf;wdkif;udk Edkif iHawmforwWonf /wifjy_yD;onfh aemufwae hrSpI 7&ufatm ufaemufrusapbJ/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf// (3) Oya'-urf;wckckudk EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdxHodk hwifjy_yD;onfhaemufae hrSpI 7 &uftwGif;Y/ vufrSwfrxdk;v#if xdkOya'-urf;onf/ 7 &ufajrmufaomae hwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk & bdouJhodk htufOy'jzpfvm&rnf// 112// // (1) TtajccHOya't&/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvufrSwfa&;xdk;_yD onf[krSwf,ltyfaomOya'-urf;wdkif;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vufrSwfxdk; _yD;onf[krSwf,ltyfaomae hrSpI tufOya'jzpfvm&rnf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomOya'wdkif;udk/ EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef ht&/ tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa-unm& rnf// xdktufOya'Y/ oD;jcm;!$ef-um;csufrygv#if/ xkwfjyefa-unmaomae hYtm%mwnf&rnf//

113// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom tufOya'rsm;ESifh wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;.pmr+rsm;udk w&m;v$wf awmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;wGifarmfuGef;wif&rnf// xdkpmr+rsm;onf tqdkygtufOya'. odk hwnf;r[kwf wcsuf v$wfOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;twGuf/ t_yD;owfoufao taxmuftxm;jzpf&rnf// tcef; 7 //

jynfaxmifpktpdk;& //

· 114// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&tzGJ hudkyk'fr 56 t&cef hxm;aom0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD; rsm;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf// 115// // tpdk;&tzJG honf/ jynfol hv$wfawmftm;/ tzGJ hvdkufpkaygif;wm0efcH&rnf// ·· 116// // tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ ajcmufvr#wqufwnf;ygvDrefr[kwfv#if/ xdkumvtydkif;tjcm; ukefqHk;aomtcg/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uDd;tjzpfrS&yfpJ&rnf// 117// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRw.vufodk hrdrd.EkwfxGufv$mudkay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ 0ef}uD;csKyfonf tcgra&G;/ &xl;rS/ &mxl;rSSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;ap&ef rdrdEkwfxGufv$mudk 0ef}uD;csKyfvufodk hay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ rnf onfhtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJt& EdkifiHawmforR wuvufcHaomtcg xdkodk hEkwfxGufjcif;onftwnfjzpf&rnf// (3) 0ef}uD;csKyfut}uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uD;csKyf.EkwfxGufjcif;udkrSwyg;/ tjcm; rnfonfh0ef}uD;.EkwfxGufudkrqdkvufcH&rnf// 118// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ rdrdoabmt& vHkavmufaomta-umif;rsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef }uD;wOD;tm; rnfonfhtcsdeftcgYrqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfap&efawmif;qdkEdkifonf// tu,fI oufqdkif&m0ef}uD;onf xdkawmif;qdkcsufudkvdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;rðybJysufuGufcJhaomf/ xdk0ef}uD;tm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu&mxl;rS&yfpJa&eft }uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkiHawmforRwonf xdk0ef}uD;udk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf// 119// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif trwfrsm;&m.axmufcHr+udkr&aomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf& rnf// odk h&mwGif 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuftwdkif;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu yk'fr 57 t&/ ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;I/ xdkodk hzsufodrf;_yD;aemuf/ ygvDrefudkwzefjyefvnfusif;ypnf;a0;aomtcg/ xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfol hv$wfawmf wGiftrwfrsm;&m. axmufcHr+udkjyefvnf&&Sdv#if/ rdrd.&mxl;rSjyefvnfEkwfxGuf&efrvdk// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 2 ” ·· jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 8 ” 120// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdk &mxl;rSEkwfxGufv#if 0ef}uD;rsm;onfvnf;/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rS EkwfxGufonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif&mxl;rsm;YqufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD;rsm;udkcef hxm;_yD; onhfwdkifatmif/ vuf&Sd0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}udD;rsm;onf/ rdrdwdk h.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&Guf-u&

rnf// (2) ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;onfhae h&ufu &mxl;vuf&Sdjzpf-uaomtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ &mxl; qufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}ud;rsm;udkcef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rsm;wGif qufvufwnf&Sdae-u&rnf// 121// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tkyfcsKyfr+qdkif&m ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuftm;vHk;udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf orRw. trnfjzifhta&;,lonf[k az:jy&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRw.trnfjzifh xkwfjyefaom trdef hrsm;ESifhwuG pmc|efawmfrsm;udk/ EdkifiHawmf orRwu jyXmef;onfhenf;Oya'rsm;wGifaz:jyxm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD/ [kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;ap&rnf// xdk hjyifxdk hodk h[kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;atmifðyxm;aomtrdef h/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpmc|efawmfonf EdkifiHawmforR w.trdef h/ pmc|efawmfrsm;r[kwfaoma-umifh rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (3) rdrd.oabmtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&efTtajccHOya'u jyXmef;onfhr+cif;udpPrSvGJI/ jynfaxmifpkt pdk;&aqmif&Guftyfaom r+cif;udpPtwGuf‚if;/ tqdkygr+cif;udpPukd 0ef}uD;rsm;tm;cGJa0ay;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRw onf enf;Oya'rsm;udkjyXmef;&rnf// txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udke,fajra'ovdkuf cGJa0Edkifonfhtjyif/ tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;tvdkufvnf;cGJEdkifonf// 122// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ atmufygudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// (u) ygvDrefuOya'ðyEdkifaomudpPrsm;// (c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtywGifzGJ hpnf;I jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. oabmwlnDcsufjzifhjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH awmfwyfcsaeaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfutoHk;ðy&ef/ v$Jtyfjcif;cH&aomvufeufudkifppfwyf rsm;udk xdkudpPtwGuf jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfoabmwlnDcsufwGifyg0ifaomjyXmef;csufrsm; ESifhav#mfnDpGm tkyfcsKyf&efudpPrsm;// 123// // (1) ygvDref.oabmwlnDcsufudkr&bJ/ ppfrausnm&// jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHonfvnf;ppfxJYryg0if&// (2) odk h&mwGif tjyiftyrSxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkodk hxdyg;tHHhqJqJtcgYaomf‚if;/ tpdk;&onfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&efvdktyfonf[k,lpv#if/ vdktyfonf[k,lqonfhtwdkif;/ ta&;,laqmif&GufEdkifonf// xdk hjyifygvDrefnDvmcHusif;yaeqJr[kwfv#if/ tv#iftjrefqHk;qifhac:I nDvmcHudk usif;yap&rnf// 124// // jynfwGif;a&;&m/ jynfaxmifcsif;csif;a&;&m tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomoabmxm;0g'rsm;udk0ef}uD;csKyf onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;ta-umif;-um;ae&rnf// 125// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf/ b¾mawmfESpftwdkif; wESpftwGufjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.t&rSef;ajcpm&if; ESifhtoHk;rSef;ajcpm&if;rsm;uðyI xdkpm&if;rsm;udk jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifjy&rnf// (2) toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udpP/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tcGefawmfcGJa0vsmxm;jcif;udpP/ xdkodk hwifjyjcif;/ vsmxm;jcif;wdk hESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;wGif/ vdkufem&rnfhvkyfief; pOfudk TtajccHOya'ujyXmef;xm;_yD;r&Sdv#if/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDjyXmef;&rnf// EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf // 126// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfutrnfwifoGif;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haewOD;udk/ EdkifiH

awmfa&S haecsKyftcsKyftjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;rSm/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhudpPrsm;wGif/ tpdk;&t}uHay;&efjzpf onf// xdk hjyiftcgumvtm;av#mfpGm/ EdkifiHawmforRwuaqmif&Gufap&efvGJtyfaom/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhtjcm; wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf// 127// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&efjzpfaom EkwfxGufpmudk0ef}uD;csKyftm; ay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ EdkifiH awmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ tcgra&G;&mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ vHkavmufaomta-umif;tcsufrsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf tm;/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef/ awmifqdkEdkifonf// (3) xdkawmif;qdkcsufudk EkdifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfurvdkufemcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu t}uHay;v#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfudk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf// (4) 0ef}uD;csKyfEkwfxGufaomftcg/ Edkifihawmfa&S haecsKyfonfvnf; rdrd.&mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnf// odk h&m wGif0ef}uD;csKyf.&mxl;udkqufcHrnfhyk*~dKvftm;/ cef hxm;onfhtcsdeftxd rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;uudkqufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifonf// (5) TtajccHOya'&Sd txufujyXmef;cJhaomjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf &mxl;ESifhwuG / EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyftm; ay;&rnfhvpmp&dwfwdk hudkw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf // 128// // ygvDrefESifhjynfe,faumifpDrsm;.tcGifhtm%mjzifh/ xdk htjyiftcGifhtm%mt&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;& udk,fpm;aiGxkwfay;a&;udpPtm;vHk;udk}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyfap&ef‚if;/ pDrHcef hcGJ&aomaiGrsm;.pm&if;tm;vHk;udkppf aq;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&Sd&rnf// · 129// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh!d‡Edkif;wdkifyif_yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. oabm wlcsuft&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;&rnf// &mxl;rSEkwfy,faomtcgYvnf; v$wfawmf0ef}uD;wOD;udk &mxl;rSEkwfy,faomenf;twdkif;/ xdkw&m;0ef}ud;udkEkwfy,f&mwGifvdktyfaomta-umif;rsdk;jzpfomv#if/Ekwfy,f &rnf// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmftrwfr#rjzpfap&/ tpdk;&Esifhoufqdkifonf jzpfap roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&wckckudkrcH,l&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&ifppf csKyfonf/ rdrd&mxl;rS&yfpJaomtcg/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH./ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,frsm;.tpdk;&vufatmufwGif aemufxyf&mxl;&,lEdkifcGifhr&Sd&// 130// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;ðyaom tcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf rdrd.vpmudk av#mhap&efrdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmf pm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;_yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif;ESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yifpOf,ljcif;ESifh pyfv#Of;I tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&// 131// // EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhjynfe,frsm;. aiGpm&if;rsm;qdkif&mtpDt&ifcHpm rsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfaz:jyxm;aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy&rnf// 132// // txufuaz:jycJhaomf jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;qdkif&mpnf; urf;csufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf // · jyifq f ifcsuaf emufqufwJG “ 2 ”

tcef; 8 //

jynfaxmifpk.w&m;pD&ifa&; // 133// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0SefvHk;Y/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udpPudk TtajccHOya't&aomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya't&aomf ‚if;/ wnfaxmifxm;aom w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDcef h xm;aom w&m;ol-uD;rsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf// 134// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifh t,lcHw&m;&Hk;rsm;[lI ESpfrsdK;yg0if&rnf// (u) r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif w&m;v$wfawmfyg0if&rnf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhrajymif;v$Jor#/ xdkw&m;v$wf awmfwGif/ r+vpD&ifydkifcGifhESifh t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhwdk h&SdI/ Oya'a-umif;ESifhjzpfap tr+csif;&mESifhjzpfap oufqdkifaom udpPjy\emwdk hudkpD&ifqHk;jzwf&eftm%mvnf;&Sd&rnf// (c) w&m;v$wfawmf.t}uD;tr+;udk“v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf// 135// // (1) atmufygudpPrsm;twGuf/ w&m;v$wfawmfYomr+vpD&ifydkifcGifh tm%mrsm;&Sd&rnf// (u) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHucsKyfqdkaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iay:aygufvmaomud pPrsm;// (c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESifh jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0if tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm; odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfaxmif pktzGJ h0iftcsif;csif;tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm;// (*) w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;udpPrsm;&Sdv#ifvnf;xdkudpPrsm;// (2) rnfonfhvufatmufcHw&m;&Hk;Yrqdk r_yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom tr+wr+wGif/ w&m;Oya'wckck onf TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laomjy\emrsdK;/ ta&;,lavmufatmif ay:aygufaeonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwfay:ayguf&ef ta-umif;&Sdonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfu ,Hk-unfauseyfcJhaomf/ w&m;v$wfawmfonf xdktr+udkppfaq;&efrdrd.v$wfawmfodk hajymif;a&$ h, l&rnf// 136// // (1) aemufqHk;t_yD;tjywf t,lcH0if&efjzpfaomw&m;&Hk;udk/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf”[kac:&rnf// (2) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t}uD;tr+;udk“EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf// (3) TtajccHOya'&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hay;tyfxm;aomtm%mrsm; udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;xm;aom¹cGif;csufrsm; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ w&m; v$wfawmfcsKyfY w&m;v$wfawmf.pD&ifcsuftm;vHk;udkppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkifaom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;&Sd& rnf/ xdk hjyiftjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifcsufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; ppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkif aom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;vnf;&Sd&rnf// 137// // w&m;Oya'wckonf tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laom jy\emay: aygufaeonfhtr+rsm;udk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mjzifh/ rpD&ifrqHk;jzwf&[krnfonfhw&m; Oua'rsdK;udkr#rðy&// 138// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. pD&ifcsufrsm;onf tr+tm;vHk;wGift_yD;tjywfjzpfI/ t,lcH0ifcGifhr&Sdap&// 139// // (1) v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya' t& cef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfwdk honf atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//

“u|Ekfyf===========onf/ w&m;0ef}uD;csKyf (odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;0ef}uD;) .wm0eftvkyf0wW &m;rsm;udkajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,fr&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/ b,m*wdrsm;odk hrvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf; &Sdor#^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyif u|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHaoya'ESifhw uGw&m;Oya'rsm;udk/ xdrf;odef;apmifha&Smufrnf[k av;eufwnf_idrfpGma-unmI uwdopPmðyygonf// ” (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmforRw.a&S harSmufwGif txufygtwdkfi;opPmqdkIvuf rSwfxdk;&rnf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfqdkif&m w&m;0ef}uD;toDoD;onfvnf; EdkifiHawmfw&m; 0ef}uD;csKyf. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; TudpPtwGufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfaomfw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk; w&m;0ef}uD;.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (3) w&m;0ef}uD;wdkif;onf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkpwifraqmif&GufrD/ oppmqdk IvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// xdkodk hðyjcif;udkw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef hxm;_yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 10 &ufatmuf aemufrusaomae h&ufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu owfrSwfaomaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// (4) txufygtwdkif; opPmrqdkvdkI vuftrSwfrxdk;vdk[k jiif;qefaom odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGuf aomw&m;0ef}uD;onf &mxl;udkvufrcHvdkjiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[kIrSwf,l&rnf// · 140// // (1) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfESifhnd‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_yD;v#if/ ygvdrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;t a0;.oabmwlcsufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uDd;csKyfudkEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkfi vufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyf cwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ cef hxm;&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh nd‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. oabmwlcsufjzifh/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfqdkif&mw&m; 0ef}uD;tm;vHk;udk EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcwfEdSyfaom trdef hpmjzifhcef hxm;& rnf// · jyifqifcsucf suaf emufqufwGJ “2” 141// // w&m;ol}uD;tm;vHk;onf. TtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkufemI/ rdrdwdk h.w&m;pD&ifr+ tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkvGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf// 142// // (1) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if; rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkif iH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGg;cJhI rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r [kwf tenf;qHk; ig;ESpf xdkEdkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdk hjyif== (u) tenf;qHk;ig;ESpf &efukefòrd h[dkufuGwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwft enf;qHk;ig;ESpf TtajcchOya't&wnfaxmifaomw&m;v$wfawmf. w&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJ hbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r [kwf (c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;Espftr+vkdufvJ aqmif&GufcJhbl;aomw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if xdkolonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;SESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&// (2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;r[kwfv#if/ xdk hjyif=== (u) tenf;qHk;q,fESpftr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhaom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r [kwf (c) jrefrmjynfYaom‚if; jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHYaom‚if;/ tenf;qHk;ig;ESpfc&dkifpuf&Sifw&m;ol}uD;. &mxl; atmuf redrfhaom odk hwnf;r[kwf &efukefòrd hawmfw&m;rw&m;&Hk; w&m;ol}uD;csKyf. &mxl;atmufredrfhaom w&m;Xme&mxl;wGif aqmif&GufcJholr[kwfv#if/ xdkolonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap& //

¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif (u) xdkolonfw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;Xme &mxl;wGif yXrt}udrfcef htyfpOftcguw&m;a&S haer[kwfcJhv#i/f xdk hjyif (c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;ESpf tr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhbl;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;ESifhr&Sdap& // (3) Tyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf// (4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwf pkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHkatmuf rav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uwifjyygonf [k qHk;jzwfjyXmef;vufrSwfxdk;I ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif Tyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&// (5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaomtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef; csucf saomftcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&// (6) pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; wOD;ESifhoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudktxl;cHkawmft zGJ hu pHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmforRwaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif; cef hxm;aomyk*~dKvfwOD;aomf‚if;/ xdk hjyifvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hvnf;yg0if& rnf? pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ESihfoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ huppfaq; &rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifhjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg 0if&rnf// (7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHkprf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom w&m;0ef}uD;Y rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if; rdrd.udk,fpm';vS,ftjzpfaomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf// (8) txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJhaomv$wfawmfodk htpD&ifcHpm wifjy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmf&Hk;tzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_yD;t jywftwnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGifoabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;w&m;cHkawmftzGJ h.tpD&ifcHpmudkygvD refqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufudkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ w&m;0ef}udd;.tusifhpm&dwWysufjym; jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhrxdkufaom tusifh pm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wufa&muf rJay;aomtrwfrsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,f wdkifwHqdyfcwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&mw&m;0ef}uD;udk &mxl;rSEkwfy,f&rnf// 144// // jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;I toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;wdk hudk ðyaomftcgwGif/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.vpmudk av#mhap&ef/ rdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;udk odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw &m;0ef}uDd;udkcef hxm;_yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if; tcGifh,ljcif;ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwfyif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom t cGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&// 145// // EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ vpfvyfaomft cg/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; xdkv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; tvkyfcGifYr&Sd aoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhjzpfap/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&m wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkif cJhv#if/ xdkwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk/ vpfvyfaom&mxl;wGifcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfu0ifa&mufxrf;&Gufonfhwdkif atmif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if; v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm 0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyrfvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ xdkudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom w&m;

v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&mtjcm;w&m;0ef}uD;uaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;tm;av#mfpGmaqmif&Guf&rnf// 146// // (1) wcgw&H w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfwGif w&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/ vpfvyf.//wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaoma-umifhjzpfap/ cGifh,laom a-umifhjzpfap/ tufOya'jzifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtjcm;wm0ef0wW&m; rsm;udkaqmif&Gufaeaomfa-umifhjzpfap/ tvkyfcGifodk hrwufra&mufEdkifjzpf. wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if;/ trsm;aomf‚if;/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;. xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif w&m;cGifYw&m;pD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;udkquf vufpD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;txrajrmufEdkifatmif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfY/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&taphtiS r&Sdjzpf. // xdkodk hjzpfaomtcg EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf odk hwnf;r[kwfacwWEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf on/f odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkyk*~dKvfESpfOD;r&Sdcdkufjzpfv#if/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;xJrS 0gt&ifhqHk;jzpfaomw&m;0ef}uDonf/ vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wODd;tm; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;cGifodk h wuf a&mufyg0ifEdkifap&ef/ trnfxkwfaz:I/ pmjzifha&;om;qifhqdkEdkifonf// (2) xdkodk hqifhqdkjcif;cH&aomv$wfawmf w&m;0ef}uD;onf/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&mwm0ef0wW&m;xuf w &m;v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&m/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk tOD;tzsm;xm;um aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfaom-umifh/ w&m;pD&if &efvdktyfaomtcsdefY‚if;/ w&m;pD&if&efvdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;Y‚if;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. w&m;cGifodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&rnf// xdkodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&mwGif xdkw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ v$wfawmf csKyf w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;.tm%mrsm;ESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&Sdrnfhtjyif/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ aqmif&Guf& rnf// 147// //v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckvpfvyfcJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onf tvkyfcGifY r&dSaoma-umif‚h if;tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkif cJhaomf/ EdkififawmforRwonft&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkaomyk*~dKvfwOD;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfjzifh acwWaqmif&Gufap&ef rdrd.oab,twdkif;cef hxm;Edkifonf// TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ cef h xm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/ txufygvpfvyfcJhaom&mxl;wGif 0if&mufxrf;&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ odk hwnf;r [kwf t_rJwrf;w&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyefvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforR wu rdrd.oabmtwdkfi; xdkyk*~dKvftm;/ &mxl;rSrEkwfodrf;ao;or# txufygcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 148// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfEsifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk honf/ armfuGef;&Hk;rsm;jzpf&rnf// xdkv$wfawmfrsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.òrd hawmfwGif&Hk;pdkuf-u&rnfhtjyifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyif_yD;aemuf/ EdkifiH awmforwWu tcgumvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaomae&mYvnf;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfae&mrsm;Yvnf;&Hk;pdkuf-u &rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfwOD;xufydkaomw&m; v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwu EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dE+dif;wdkifyif_yD;aemuf tcg umvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaom&Srf;jynfe,f&Sdae&mwae&mY&Hk;xdkif&rnf// 149// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ TtajccHOya'&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/J atmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// (u) bk&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk htwGuf/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&owfrSwfa&;udpP/ w&m;0ef }uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_idrf;pm;,laomtouft&G,fESifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;// xdk hjyif

(c) w&m;&Hk;rsm;udkwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif;/ w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tm;/ vkyfief;aqmifwm rsm;udkcGJa0ay;jcif;/ xdkw&m;&Hk;/ xdkw&m;ol}uD;rsm;.pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;/ vkyfief;pOfqdkfi&mudpPrsm;// 150// // (1) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.xifjrif,lqcsufudk,l&avmufatmif jynfolrsm;twGufta&;}uD;onf[l aom Oya'a-umif;qdkif&mjy\emw&yfay:aygufvmonf[kaomf‚if;/ ay:ayguf&efta-umif;&Sdonf[kaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdkxifjrif,lqcJhaomf/ xdkjy\emudk pOf;pm;ap&efw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h v$JtyfEdkifonf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuvnf;/ xdkjy\EsifhpufvsOf;I avsmfuefoifhjrwfonfhtwdkif; -um;em ppfaq;_yD;aemuf/ edkifiHawmforRwxHtpD&ifcHEdkif&rnf/] (2) xdkjy\emudk-um;emppfaq;pOfu/ yg0ifaqmif&Guf-uaomw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. oabmudkufnD csufjzifh w&m;cGifwGiftxift&Sm;csrSwfaomxifjrif,lqcsufESifhtnD Tyk'frt& tpDt&ifcHonfrSwyg;/ rnf odk hr#tpD&ifrcH&/ odk h&mwGifw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ODd;.oabmuGJvGJaomxifjrif,lqcsufudkr+um;/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdpum; a-umif/h xkwfaz:a&;om;cGifhrðy[krrSwf,l&// 152// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfa-unmvdkufaomw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tm%mydkif euftwGif;&Sd w&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;tay:wGif oufqdkifEdkifor#oufqdkifonftxd/ tm%mwnfonf[lI‚if;/ xdkw &m;&Hk;rsm;uvdkufem&rnf[lI‚if;/ todtrSwfðy&rnf// 153// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomw&m;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%mudk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu ydkrdkxda&muf pGm oHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/ vdktyfonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwftvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrif,lqEdkifI/ TtajccHOy a'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;rnDr!Gwfrjzpfaomxyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ w&m;v$wafwmfcsKyftm;ay;&ef/ ygvD refonf/ tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf// tcef; 9 //// tydkif; 1// &Srf;jynfe,f //

&Srf;jynfe,faumifpD // · 154// // (1) ygvDref.&Srfljynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ hpnf; &rnf// (2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfY yg0ifrnfh&Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mtrwftm;vHk;udk &Srf;jynfe,f.apmfbGm;rsm;onf jynfol hv$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkficGifhr&Sdap&// (3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpf rS&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_yD; onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// 155// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifh oufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/ ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf// 156// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;wckudkvufrSwfxdk;I

xkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonf tqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyf vsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmuftyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKwf.qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;r ðyv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udkwifoGif;onfrSpI wvtwGif;wGif/ vufrSwfxdk;&rnf// 157// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaom twufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf odk h wnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;.wpdwfa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf rqef husifonf[laom jy\ emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h/ xdkOya'-urf;udkv$Jtyf Edkifonf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “9” (2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uDd;oHk;ODd;atmufrtenf;yg0ifaomcHkv$wfawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaaomjy\ emudkpOff;pm;&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[kxifjrifonfhtwdkif;-um;empOf;pm;_yD;aom tcg/ xdkjy\emESifhpyfvsOf;I/ v$Jtyf_yD;onfhaemuf/ &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwf csufudk vsifjrefor#vsOfjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdkiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD; rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf// (3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonf// TtajccHOya'ESifh qef husifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnfpOf; pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifydk hrnf/ jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifpOfcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[kjiif;qdk&rnf// (4) xdkodk hjiif;bG,fr&Sdv#if EdkifiHawmforRonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfutqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:a-u nm_yD;onfhaemuf/v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGmxdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwfjyef a-unm&rnf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt& wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h rv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_yD;rS_zpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ vyfrSwfxdk;cJh_yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd [laomta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&// 158// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpDtufOya'pmr+wdkif;udkw&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf// rdwWLwdkif;udkvnf;/ &Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf// 159// // &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h&mwGifjynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudkESpfpOfwESpfv#iftenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaom tcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH.yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&// &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& // 160// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref. &Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ft rwfrsm;teuf/ trwfwOd;OD;/.trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudkEdkifiH awmforRwonf atmufwGif “&Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD; tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'.udpPrsm;twGuf &Srf;jynfe,f OuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//

161// //(1) &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf &Srf;jynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,lIaqmif&Guf&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm/ &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonfwdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%m udkoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf// (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaom tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay; jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufysHESH h&rnf// 162// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf jynfe,faumifpDuOya'ðyydkifaom udpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonfaumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf// (2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEdkif;wdkifyif&rnf// (3) &Srf;jynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhxifjrifcsufrsm;udk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGifvG,f ulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumifyGJ_yD;onfhaemuf/ yxrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif/ aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtyrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if; a&G;cs,f&jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ h pnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honfjynfe,fOuUXudktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpf onf// 163// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaomvkyf ief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// &Srf;jynfe,fudpPtm;mvHk;ESifh oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGm;wdk;wuf &mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjynfe,faumifpDtm;axmuf cHt}uH;ay;&rnf// · 164// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf/ jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifhtoHk; rSef;ajcaigpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,f aumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. axmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf;urf; csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf// xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ auseyfEdkifap&ef jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGif/ xnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “2” 165// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/J jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk; &tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ cdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynf axmifpktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h.qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPtm; vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// tydkif; 2 // ucsifjynfe,f //

ucsifjynfe,faumifpD // 166// // (1) ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh ucsifjynfe,faumfpDudkzGJ pnf;&rnf// (2) vlrsdkK;pkv$wfawmfY ucsifjynfe,ftwGufowfrSwfxm;aomtrwfae&m 12 ae&mteuf/ 6 ae&mudkucsifjynfe,frSucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jznfhoGif;&rnf// tjcm; 6 ae&mudkucsif jynfe,frSucsiftrdsK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udkpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf (3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf;aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumifwifajr‡muf_yD; onfhwdkifatmif rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// 167// // (1) TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfucsift rdsK;om;r[kwfaomtrsdK;om;rsm;onf vlwef;pm;tjzpfjzihfaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pktjzpfjzifhaomf‚if;/ cHpm;cJh-uaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkxdcdkufepfemaponfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tpnf;t0;wufa&mufrJay;aom/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm; . udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rðyv#if/ jynfe,faumifpD.t wnfcsufudk&,lonf[krrSwf,l&// (2) jynfe,faumifpDwGif/ Oya'-urf;wckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJwGif az:jyonfho abmrsdK; oufa&mufaomOya'-urf; [kwfr[kwftjiif;jzpfyGg;cJhaom/ obmywdonf/ xdktjiif;jzpfyGg;r+Esifhpyf vsOf;I jynfe,faumifpD0ifucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;./ udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;ESifh/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;tm;/ woD;wjcm;pD rJqENay;ap&rnf// ucsiftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&m uaomf‚if;/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;uaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJ ay;cJhaom/ xdkOya'-urf;onfaz:jycJhaomabmrsdK;oufa&mufonfhOya'-urf;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 168// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsmm;udkðyay;&ef/ ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf// 169// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_yD;aomtcg /xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I xkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonftqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyfvsOf; I wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qhk;jzwfcsufudkar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif;wGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf// 170// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf/ odk h wnf;r[kwfxdkOya'-urf;.wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf/ rqef husifonf[laomjy \emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk hEdkifihawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; xdkOya'-urf;udkv$J tyfEdkifonf// (2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkpOf;pm; &rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;_yD;aemuf/ xdjk y\emESifhpyfvsOf;I vGJtyf_yD;onfhaemuf&ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsufudk vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm; &m.qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//

(3) Tyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifh qef husifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnf pOfpm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf/ jynfe,faumifpDuvdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf// (4) Todk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz: a-ujim_yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEDkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwf jyefa-unm&rnf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt&wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$Jr tyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmfprRwuvufrSwfxdk;cJh_yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDuðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom ta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiifqdkjcif;rðy&// 170// // EdkifiHawmforRw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufya'pmr+wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyft wGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf// 172// // ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaom tcg jynfe,faumifpD ndvmcH.yXrtpD;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&// ucsifjynfe,ftpdk;& // 173// // 0ef}uD;cskyfonf/ ucsifjynfe,faumifpDESifh!d‡Ed+if;wdkfyifI/ ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;teuf ucsiftrwfwOD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwffudkEdkif iHawmforRwonf “ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOy a'.udpPrsm;twGuf ucsifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf// 174// // (1) ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ ucsifjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkif&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEDkif&rnf// (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhom tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cHhxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay; jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm; pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufjkyef hESH h&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;&mwdk haexdkifaoma'orsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,f OuUXonf tqdkygudpPtm;vHk;wGif tpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;teuf ucsiftrsdK;om; r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ESifh !d‡Ed+;wdkifyifIomv#if/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// 175// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,faumifpDw&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomaomudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ &mwGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ aumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf// (2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf (3) ucsifjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGif

vG,u f pl drfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;yaomtpnf;ta0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom‚if;a&G;cs,fI/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ h pnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpf onf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk&mwGifjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0if/ xuf0ufatmufrav#mhaomtzGJ h0ifrsm;onf csuiftrsdK; om;r[kwfolrsm;jzpf&rnf// 176// // jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaom vkyf ief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf/ ucsifjynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfgwifoGif;ap&rnf/ jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&m wdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udkjynfaumifpDupOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&efaxmufcHt}uH ay;&rnf// · 177// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmf ESpfwdkif;wESpftwGufjynfe,fqdkif&m rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk; rSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,f aumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.taxmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;uowfrSwfaom pnf;urf; csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk vufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;auseyfEkdifap&efjynf e,fbwf*sufudkjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.bwf*swfwGifxnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf// 178// // TtajccHOya'.tcef; 10 &Sd/ jyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ ucsifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkif&// 179// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk;& wdk h.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpk tpdk;&.qufqHa&;udpPyg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'jzifh owfrSwf&rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “2” tydkif; 3 // u&ifjynfe,f // · 180// // (1) (u) u&ifeDjynfe,f/ oHvGifc&dkif/ xdk hjyif (*) EdkifiHwmforRwucef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ h uqHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdkif-uonfh u&ifeDjynf,fESifh oHvGifc&dkifwdk h. qufpyfa'o rsm;udk/ xdka'ooHk;ckyaexdkif-uolrsm;EsifhwuG/ xdka'orsm;rStyjzpfaom jrefrmEdkifihYaexdkif-uaom u&ift rsdK;rsm;teuf/ rsm;|&mutvdk&SdcJhaomf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf; &rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk “u&ifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnfhtjyif/ &Srf;jynfe,f.tqifhtwef;rsdK;udkvnf;&&Sd ap&rnf/ (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJ wGifaz:jyxm;aoma'otoD;oD;&Sdvlrsm;. qENtrSefudkpHkprf; &mYvdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf// aumfolav; //

· 181// // wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt& u&ifjynfe,fudk rzGJ hpnf;EdkifrD/ oHvGifc&dkifESifhwuGEdkifiHawmf orRwu cef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ huqHk;jzwf owfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdkif-uonfhoHvGif c&dkif.qufpyfa'orsm;udkatmufaz:jyygjyXmef;csufESifhrqef husifapbJ/ aumfolav;[kqc:wGiftyfaom txl;a'owcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (1) jynfol hv$wfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom u&ifa&;&maumifpD udzk JG ph nf;&rnf// xdktrwfrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfrS ig;OD;xufrrsm;aom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;udk aumifpDwGifxyfjznfh&rnf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfu&ifa&;&maaumifpDESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm; vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdktrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfonf “u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;” [kqc:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ u&ifa&;&mef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudk pDrHcef h !Ge-f um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf// (u) aumfolav; txl;a'o.t&yf&yfqdkif&m pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyif txl;tm;jzifhaumfolav;t xl;a'owGif/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf; rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;/ · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “7” (c) u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;twGuf/ ynmoifausnif;rsm;EsifhwuG ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifh oufqdkifaomudpPrsm;/ (*) TtajccHOya't&u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ ay;tyfonfhtxl;tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ (4) u&ifa&;&m0ef}uDF;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif/ u&ifa&;&,aumifpDuulnD&rnf t}uHay;&rnf// (5) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom u&ifa&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifp|Dyvnf;aumifpDtrwf tjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwif ajr‡muf_yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd,wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// (6) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh u&ifa&;&maumifpDwdk h . tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;EsifhxdkaumifpDwdk h.udpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;xdkaumifpDwdk hESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.qufqHa&;&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf &rnf// tydkif; 4// u&ifeDjynfe,f // 182// // (1) ya'o&mZf &Srf;jynfe,fpk&Sd rdk;_AJe,f[k,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrudk xdke,fYaexdkif-uolrsm; &mu tvdk&SdcJhaomf u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;&rnf// (3) xdke,fajr&Sdvltrsm;.qENtrSefudk pHkprf;&mY vdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf w&m;Oya' jzifhowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf// · 183// // (1) ygvDrefutjcm;jyZmef;csufðyonfhwdkifatmif== (u) uEWm&0wD/ abmvcJESifh-u,fzdk;}uD;wdk h.apmzsmrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,f qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm; tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf//

(c) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&rdk;_AJe,fudk u&ifeDjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;aomtcg/ rdk;_AJapmfbGm;onfvnf; vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfwOD; tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf? (*) apmzsmrsm;onf‚if;/ apmfbGm;onf‚if;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&? · jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “9” (2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDudk zGJ@pnf;&rnf? (4) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS &yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwf tjzpfrS &yfpJonf[k rSwf,l&rnf? odk@&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwif ajr‡muf_yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf? 184? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf rdrdudk,fwkdifOya'jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdaom udpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udk jyKay;&ef ygvDrefodk@axmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf? 185? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf Oya'-urf;wckudk twnfjyK_yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I xkwfjyefausnmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wifoGif;&rnf? EkdifiHawmforwonf tqdkyg Oya'urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rjyKv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfhaerSpI wvtwGif;wGif vufrSwfxdk;&rnf? · 186? ? (1) EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;onf/ odk@wnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;. wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'Esifh qef@usifonf/ rqef@usifonf[laom jyoemudk qHk;jzwfay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwonf/ rdrd. oabmtwdkif;w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@ xdkOya'urf;udkv$JtyfEdkifonf? (2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; 3 OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaom jyoemudk pOf;pm;&rnf?vGJtyfaomjyoemudkpOf;pm;&rnf? v$Jtyfaomjyoemudk oifhjrwfavsmfuefonf[k xifjrefonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq; pOf;pm;_yD;aomftcg/ xdkjyoemESifhpyfvsOf;I v$Jtyf_yD;onfhaemuf/ &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ [email protected];jzwfcsufudk vsifjrefEdkifor# vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGif txift&Sm;ausnm&rnf? Tyk'fr. udpPrsm;tvdk@iSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf w&m;v$wfawmf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf? (3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@v$Jtyfaom Oya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifh qef@usifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfu/ qHk;jzwfaom udpPwdkif;Y/ EkdifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk@ jyefydk@&rnf? jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaom jyifqifcsufrsmudk rjyKv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf? (4) xdkodk@jiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if EkdifiHawmforwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudk xkwfaz:ausnm_yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvmaumif;udk xkwfjyefausnm&rnf?

· jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “2” (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wif;oGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcskKyfodk@ rv$JtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_yD;rSjzpfap/ EkdifiHawmforwuvufrSwfxdk;_yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu jyKydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom ta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf rcdkifvHk[k jiif;qdkjiifrjyK&? 187? ? EkdifiHawmforw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,f aumifpDtufOya'pmrlwkdif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf? rdwWLwkdif;udkvnf; u&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf? 188? ? u&ifeD jynfe,fOuUXonf tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm/ jynfe,faumifpDudk qifhac:Ekdifonf/ &kyo f rd f;Edkifonf? odk@&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD. nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf? xdkodk@usif;yaomtcg jynfe,faumifpD nDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaomjynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk@. pyf-um;wGif 12 v jcm;raeap&? u&ifeDjynfe,ftpdk;&? 189? ? 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI ygvDref. u&ifeDjynfe,f qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk@trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aom trwfudk EdkifiHawmforwonf/ atmufwGif u&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef@xm;&rnf? xdkodk@cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom 0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf? 190? ? (1) u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXonf u&ifeDjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,lI aqmif&Guf&rnf? qdkvdk&if;rSm u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEkdif&rnf? (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudk rxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaom tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef@xm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$@ajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk@ oufa&mufjyef@ESH@&rnf? 191? ? (1) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,faumifpDuw&m;Oya'jyKydkifaomudpPrsm;odk@oufa&mufjyef@ESH@onf? tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&m wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufudk vdkufem&rnf? (2) jynfe,fqdkif&mtjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf// (3) u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jxwfcswfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHwifjy&mwGif vG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_yD;onfhaemuf yXrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;udkjzpfap/ trsm;udkjzpfapa&G;cs,fEdkifonf// xdkjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;onf/ jynfe,fOuUX udktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&eft}uHay;&efjzpfonf//

192// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaom vkyfief;aqmifwmta-umif;udk ajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// u&ifeDjynfe,fudpPtm; vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk; wuf&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaom pDrHcsufrsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm; axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf// · 193// // (1) jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&ifESifhtoHk; rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumif pDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfe,faumifpD.taxmuftyHhaiGESihfpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaom pnfg;urf; csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðy&ef tm%m&Sd&rnf// xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDuusepGmvdkufema-umif;/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm;auseyfEdkifap&ef jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGifxJhoGif;az:jy&rnf// 194// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhjynfe,ftpdk; &tzGJ h0ifwOD;. Odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumif pD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwdk htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;zGJ h csKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpP tm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf// ·· 195// // Ttydkif;(tcef; 9 tydkif; 4)&Sd/ jyXmef;csuftm;vHk;onf/ yk'fr 180t&/ u&ifjynfe,fudkzGJ hpnf;cJh aomf/ tusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rS&yfpJ&rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwGJ “2” ·· jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “7” tydkif; 5 // csif;0daoowdkif; // 196// // EdkifiHawmforwWuowfrSwfaomcsif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifwef;e,frsm;yg0ifonfh csif;0dao owdkif;&Sd&rnf// 197// // (1) ygvDref&Sd csif;trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS.ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom csif;a&;&maumifpDwckzGJ h pnf;&rnf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfcsif;a&;&maaumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdcsif;trsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;wOD;OD;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdk hodk htrnfudkwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomt rwfudk EdkifiHawmforwWonf “csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD; wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (3) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudkpDrefcef hcGJ !Ge-f um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf// (u) csif;0daoowdkif;. T&yf&yfqdkif&mpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyiftxl;tm;jzifh/ xdk0daoowdkif;wGif tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mjcjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf; urf;ao0yfjcif;// (c) csif;0daoowdkif;wGif ynmoifausmif;rsm;ESifhwuG/ ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;//

(4) csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif csif;a&;&maumifpDuulnD&rnf// t}uHay;&rnf// (5) ygvDref trwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom csif;a&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpD trwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudka&G;aumuf wifajrmuf_yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEDkifonf// 198// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh csif;a&;&maumifpDwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;ESifhxdkaumifpDwdk h. qufqHa&;qdkif&m udpP tm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;/ xdkaumifpDwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. qufqHa&;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;w&m;Oya' jzifh jyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf// tydkif; 6 // jynfe,fopfrsm; // 199// // ygvDrefonf jynfe,fopfuvdkufem&rnfhpnf;urf;csufrsm;yg0ifaomtufOya'jzifh/ jynfe,fopfwck udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðyEdkifonf// xdkowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif xdkjynfe,frSygvDrefodk hudk,fpm;vS,f trwfOD;a& rnfa&G hrnfr#a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkifonf[laomtcsufvnf;yg0if&rnf// 200// // (u) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0iftopfwckwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif; (c) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkwdk;csJ hjcif; (*) jynfaxmmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkav$mhjcif; (C) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. e,fedrdwfrsm;udkajymif;vJjcif; wdk hudk/ xdkodk he,fedrdwfðyjyifjcif;cH&aom jynfe,fwdkif;.aumifpDu oabmwlnDygu/ ygvDrefonftufOya' jzifhjyKekdifonf? xdk@jyif xdkuJhodk@aomoabmwlnDcsuf&&Sdygu ygvDrefonfvdktyfonf[k odk@wnf;r[kwf oifhavsmfonf[kxifjrif,lqaom xyfjznfhjyXmef;csuf/ ta=umif;oifhjyXmef;csufESifh E_dif;!SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udk jyKEkdifonf//

tcef; 10 cGJxGufEkdfifaomtcGifhta&;? 201? TtajccHOya'Yaomf‚if; yk'fr 199 t&ygvDrefujyKaom tufOya'Yaomf‚if; tjcm;jyXmef;csufjyKxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ atmufYjyXmef;xm;aompnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrS cGJxGufEdkif&ef jynfe,fwdkif;Y tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf? 202? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae@rSq,fESpftwGif; cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udktoHk;rjyK&? 203? (1) cGJxGufEkdifaomtcGifhta&;udk oHk;pGJvdkaomjynfe,fonf/ cGJxGufvkda=umif;tqdkudk rdrd.jynfe,faumifpDwGufwifoGif;twnfjyK&rnf// jynfe,faumifpD&Sd trwfpkpkaygif;teufoHk;yHkESpfyHkatmuf ravsmhaomtrwfrsm;u xkdtqdkudkaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rjyKv#if twnfjyKonf[krrSwf,l&?

(2) oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.OuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD. qHk;jzwfjcif;udk EdkifiHawmforwtm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf? xdk@jyiftwnfjyKvdkufaomaumifpD. bmywdu[kwfrSefa=umif; vufrSwfxdk;aom qHk;jzwfcsufrdwWLwapmifudk EkdifiHawmforwxHodk@ jynfe,fOuUXuwifjy&rnf? 204 ? xdktcgEkdifiHawmforwonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.vlxkqENyGJudk usif;yap&eftrdef@xkwf&rnf? vlxkqENyGJudkusif;yjcif;rSm oufqdkif&mjynfe,f&Sd [email protected] od&SD&efjzpfonf? 205? EkdifiHawmforwonf vlxkqENyGJaumfr&SifwpfzGJ@udk cef@&rnf? xkdtzGJ@wGif jynfaxmifpkekdfifiHrS‚if; oufqdkif&mjynfe,frS‚if; udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnf? xdktzGJ@onfvlxkqENyGJudk }uD;=uyfpDrH&efjzpfonf? 206? Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ tqdkygcGJxGufEkdfifaom tcGifhta&;toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom udpPtm;vHk;udk Oya'jzifhpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf&rnf?

tcef; 11 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyifjcif;// 207? TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufwckckudk ajymif;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; &kyfodrf;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; atmufYazmfjyowfrSwfxm;aomenf;twdkif; jyifEkdifonf?

jznfhxnfhjcif;aomf‚if;

208? (1) TtajccHOya'udk jyif&efwifoGif;aomtqdkudk Oya'=urf;tjzpfjzifhwifoGif;&rnf? xdkOya'=urf;udk “zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&efOya'=urf; ”[lIazmfjy&rnf? (2) zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&eftqdkwckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if; yg0ifaomOya'=urf;wGif tjcm;tqdkrsm;ryg&? · 209? (1) xdkuJhodk@aomOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfY pwifwifoGif;ekdifonf? (2) xkdOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;u twnfjyK+yD;aemuf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;uyif wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf? (3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf.vuf&Sdtrwfrsm;teuf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHI rJay;rSomv#if twnfjyKonf[krSwf,l&rnf?

oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;u xdkOya'=urf;udk v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u

(5) (u) wwd,Z,m;&dS jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;udkaomf‚if; (c ) pwkwˆZ,m;&Sdjynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef/ (*) ygvDrefwGif jynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&mudkf,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef vkdtyfaom t&nftcsif;

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(k3) qef@usifaom&nf&G,fcsufray:aygufv#if jrefrmEkdfifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm; onf TtajccHOya'udk t"dy`m,faumuf,ljcif;/ TtajccHOya'tm%moufa&mufjcif;wdk@ESifh oufqdkif &rnf?

tcef; 14 tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csufrsm; 223? 1953 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_ tufOya't&jzpfap/ tjcm;enf;t&jzpfap/ +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf xdkpOftcgupdk;ydkifawmfrlcJhonfh jrefrmEkdfifiHtwGif;&Sd e,fy,frsm;udk pD&iftkyfcsKyfjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom odk@wnf;r[kwf oufqdkifaom +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY ,cifu wnf&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;/ tcGihftm%m/ pD&ifykdifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;EsifhwuG/ jrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;tjcm; rnfonfh e,fy,fwGifrqdkjzpfap/ xdke,fy,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Ijzpfap/ oabmwlpmcsKyft&aomf‚if;/ ay;tyfjcif;t&aomf‚if;/ xHk;pD"avht&aomf‚if;/ vspfvsL&_csuft&aomf‚if; / tjcm;enf;t&aomf‚if; / aqmif&GufawmfrlydkifaomtcGifhta&;/ tcGifhtm%m/ pd&ifydkifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkfiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;wdk@udkyg jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHu ydkifqdkifonf[k ausnmvkdufonf? ¹cGif;csuf? ? odk@&mwGif TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY wnf&SdcJh aom xdk@jyif+Adwdo#jrefrmEdkfifiHtwGif;Yaomf‚if;/ +Adwdo#jrefrmEdkfifiHESifhpyfvsOf;Iaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Gufawmfrlydkif aom udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mudk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH&Sd rnfonfhtm%mydkifur# udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtaeESifh roHk;pGJ&? 224? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkfifiHawmfESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;.pD&if tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPtvdkiSm +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY odk@wnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckckY wnf&SdcJhaom tcGifhta&;rsm;/ ydkifqdkifaomypPnf;rsm;ESifh awmif;qdk&,lcGifhrsm;onf TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfrSpI/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&Ywnf&Sd&rnf// txl;tm;jzifhopfawmtm;vHk;/ ajratmuf&SdowWKESifh tjcm;ypPnf;rsm;tm;vHk;/ "gwfzuf0if aq;zuf 0ifa& paoma&rsm;/ obm0tiftm;wdk;. yif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;/ oHvrf;jzpfo,f,lydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf; rsm;/ pmydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ a-u;eef;ESifh a-u;eef;rJhqufoG,fa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ toHv$ifhvkyfief; qdik f&mypPnf;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'wnfonfrSpIjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ypPnf;rsm;jzpf&rnf// 225// // (1) ydËdnmOfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if; wm0efrsm;EsifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if;/ tu,fI TtajccHOya't wnfrjzpfcJhaomf jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;w&m;pGJEdkifaomtcGifhta&;t&/ w&m;pGJ&efay:aygufcJhv#if jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; w&m;pGJEdkifonf// (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.trnfjzifh w&m;pGJEdkifonf// xdkenf;wlyif w&m;pGJjcif;udkcHEdkifonf// (3) tr+onftjzpfjzifh jrefrmEDkifiHtpdk;& yg0ifaeaom tr+rsm;onf/ TtajccH Oya'tm%mwnf aomae h&ufwGifr_yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;ygu xdtr+rsm;wGifjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tpm;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& yg0ifonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 226// // (1) vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;onf TtajccHOya'ESifh rnDr!Gwfrjzpfonftxd‚if;/ TtajccHOya'ESifh

rqef husifv#if‚if;/ xdkvuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;udkjzpfap wckckudkjzpfap Oya'ðyydkifcGifh&SdaomOya'ðytzGJ huaom ‚if;xdkuJhodk haomtm%mydkifuaom‚if;r&Kyfodrf;ao;or# odk hwnf;r[kwf rjyifao;or#/ qufvufItm%m wnfap&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufudk av;pm;axmufxm;I/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvdktyfonf[kxif jrifaom/ oifhwifhqDav#mfonfh ðyjyifcsufrsm;yg0ifaom vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'wckckudk ygvDrefuaom‚if;/ tcGifhtm%m&Sdaomtjcm;tm%mydkifaomf‚if;/ r&kyfodrf;ao;or#/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrjyifao;or#/ EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aomae hrSpI tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf[k EdkifiHawmforRwu trdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf// 227// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwf jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& udk,fpm; _Adwdo#EdkifiH&Sdbk&ifrif;jrwf.tpdk;ESifh/ tjcm;EdkifiHt}uD;tr+;okd hwnf;r[kwf tpdk;&wdk hcsKyfqdktwnfjzpf cJhaom pmcsKyfrsm;rSaomf‚if;/ ay:xGufvmaomw&m;r#wonfhwm0efrsm;udk/ tqdkygtjcm;EdkifiHuvnf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHESifhpyfv#OfI xm;&SdtyfaomyËdnOfrsm;udk wHk hjyefav;pm;ygu/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHu vnf;/ wHk hjyefav;pm;&rnff// 228// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae hY/ wnf&Sdaeaomw&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;onf TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD w&m;Oya'jzifhw&m;&Hk;opfrsm;udk rwnfaxmifor#/ qufvufI w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif &Guf&rnf// tqdkygw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif r_yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom w&m;rr+rsm;/ &mZ0wfr+rsm;ESifh tcGefawmfr+rsm; udk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfao;bdouJhodk h _yD;jywfatmifpD&if&rnf// 229// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJuvu/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmufwGiftr+xrf;cJh-u aom &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyor# qufvuftr+xrf;&rnf// 230// // óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;udk/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr+ tufOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;rS/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmaomtcuf tcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&efEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvmtydkif;tjcm;twGuf ajymif;jcif;jzpfaom‚if;/ ðyjyifxm;aom jyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh TtajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf& rnf[kEkdifiHawmforRwutrdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf// tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;uspGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0; usif;y_yD;onfhaemuf Tyk'frt& xdkuJhodk haom trdef hudkrxkwf&/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udk toHk;ðyum/ Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufray;v#if xdkuJhodk haomtrdef h udkrxkwf&// 231// // (1) tcef; 6 t&enf;usepGm zGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udkusif;yonfhwdkifatmif/ Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfonf / ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;.tm%mtm;vHk;/ wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;ESifh tcGifhta&;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufcHpm;&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvf onf/ tcef; 5 t&/ EdkifiHawmforRwudkenff;vrf;usepGm a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfhwdkifatmif/ /jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH,m,DorRwjzpf&rnf// xdk hjyifxdkEdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwonf/ TtajccHOya'yuEdkifiHawmforRw tm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifhwm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//

EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wrf;&Gufaom umvtydkif;tjcm;udk/ yk'fr 48 &Sd yk'frcGJ(2) t&/ &mxl;oufwrf;udk wGufppf&mwGif xnfhoGif;Ira& wGuf&// (3) jynfaxmifpk,m,Dtpdk;&. 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;csKyfrsm;tjzpfjzifh wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvfrsm;onf/ tcef; 5 t& enf;vrf;usepGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom EdkifiHawmforwWu/ yk'fr 56 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD tjcm;yk*~dKvfrsm;udk cef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ jynfaxmif pk,m,Dtpdk;&.0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;jzpf&rnf// 232// // (1) tcef; 6 t& enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrtpnf;ta0;ukdusif;yonfhwdkifatmif— (u) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpkqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwf tm;vHk;jzifh/ &Srf;jynfe,f,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (c) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ ucsifjynfe,f ,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (*) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfwfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ u&ifa&;&m aumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf/ (C) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ u&ifeDe,frsm;qdkif&mudkpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh‚if;/ EdkifiHawmf,m,D orRwu u&ifjynfe,frS a&G;cs,fcef hxm;aomESpfOD;xufrydkonffh tjcm;yk*~dKvfjzifh‚if;/ u&ifjynfe,f,m,D aumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (i) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ csif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifweff;e,fy,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwf tm;vHk;jzifh/ csif;a&;&maumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (2) qdkcJhaom,m,D aumifpDtoD;oD;onf/ tcef; 9 t&zGJ hpnf;aomoufqdkif&maumifpDtoD;oD;. tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// · 233// // TtajccHOya't&usif;yaom yXrtrwfa&G;aumufyGJudk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae h rSpI 18 v twGif;wGif usif;y&rnf// 234// // TtajccHOya'onf EdkifiHawmf,m,DortRwu xkwfjyefausnmaomae hwGif/ tm%mwnf&rnf// xdkae honfjrefrmouU&mZf/ 1310 ckESpf/ uqkefvqef; * &ufae h (c&pfouU&Zf/ 1948 ckESpf/ {_yDv 15 &ufae h) atmufaemufrusap& // · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “3” / “4” / “5”

yXrZ,m; //

usrf;opPmqdkcsuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuwdopPmqdkcsufyHkpH // ¡ yk'fr 72 udk-unfh // ¢ u|Ekfyfæææææ onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmf§vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf trwftjzpfaa&G;cs,fjcif; cH&_yDd;jzpfojzifh/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udkwnf_rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifh a&Smufygrnf// xdk hjyif,cku|Ekyfaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfaomwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ wnf=unf ajzmifhrSwfrSefuef pGm aqmif&Gufrnf[k av;eufwnf=unfpGmusrf;opPmqdkygonf // (uwdopPmqdkygonf ) //

'kwd,Z,m; // vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfzGJ hpnf;yHk // ¡ yk'fr 87 udk=unfh// ¢ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfae&m 125 ae&m&Sdonfhteuf—

(u) ESpfq,fhig;ae&mudk/ &Srf;jynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf// (c) wq,fhESpfae&mudk/ ucsifjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf// (*) &Spfae&mudk/ csif;0daoowdkif;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf// (C) oHk;ae&mudk/ u&ifeDjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf// · (i) ESpfq,fhav;ae&mudk/ u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf// · (p) ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd usefe,fajrrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf// · jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwJG “7”

wwd,Z,m;//

pm&if; 1 — jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHOya'ðypm&if;// ¡ yk'fr 92 (1) udk=unfh // ¢ 1// // umuG,fa&;// //qdkvdk&if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifhEdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGufpDrHjyifqifjcif;/ ppfwGif;umvwGifppfatmifEdkifa&;ESifh ppft+yD;wGifppfwyfrsm;udkxda&mufpGm zsufodrf;Edkifa&;wdk htwGuf pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wdk hyg0ifaomjynfgaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhwuG jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fa&;/ xdk h jyiftxl;tm;jzifh— (1) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;/ avhusifha&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifh }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,f&ef‚if;/ xdkwyfrsm;udktoHk;ðya&;// (2) umuG,fa&;qdkif&mpufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;// (3) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;// (4) wyfajra'orsm;wGif a'oEW&udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; wyfajrtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ h pnf;a&;ESifh tm%mrsm;tyfESif;a&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; tdrfae&mxdkifcif;pnf;rsOf; owfrSwfay;a&;ESifhxdka'orsm;. e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;rsm;// (5) vufeufrsm;/ tajrmufaorwfrsm;/ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESifh aygufuGJaponfh0wˆKypPnf;rsm;// (6) tEk¹r_"gwftm;ESifh xdk'gwftm;jzpfxGef;vmap&ef ta&;ygaom "gwfowˆKyif&if;tajcajrpfrsm;// (7) ppfqifa&;// 2// // jynfya&;&m// (1)oHwrefqdkif&m/aumifppf0efqdkif&m/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,fcef hxm;a&;// (2)urBmhukvor*~// (3)jynfaxmifcsif;csif;nDvmcHrsm;/ toif;rsm;Esifhtjcm;tzGJ hrsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufa&;EsifhxdknDvmcHt oif;tzGJ hwdk h. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udktxajrmufapa&;// (4) ppfa=unma&;ESifh ppfajyndrf;a&;// (5) tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh/ pmcsKyfrsm;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk csKyfqdka&;ESifhtxajrmufapa&;// (6) EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;udk pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfa&;// (7) Edik if jH cm;Esifhacs;iSm;a&;// (8)EdkifiHom;rsm;/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,ljcif;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpf&yfpJjcif;// (9)Jjypfr_usL;vGefolrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHodk hay;tyf&efESifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrSawmif;qdka&;//

(10) EdkifiHul;'vufrSwfrsm;ESihfADZmrsm;// (11) EdkifiHjcm;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%m// (12) yifv,fa&a=umif;pD&DydkifcGifhtm%m// (13) yifv,f"jrr_rsm;/ yifv,fjyifY‚if;/ aumif;uif,HY‚if;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m w&m;Oya'rsm;udk usL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;// (14) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðya&;/ EdkifiHrSxGufcGifhðya&;ESifhjynfESif'g%fay;a&;rsm;// (15) EdkifiHawmfydkifyifv,fe,fedrdwftjyifty&Sd wHigvkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;// (16) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aom taumufe,fedrdwfrsm;udkjzwfoef;I ,laqmifvmaom 0ifukefESifh xGufukef// 3// // qufoG,fa&; (1) oabFmqdyfurf;rsm;ESifh wuGjynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifwckrS wckodk h ul;pufwwfaoma&m*gumuG,fa&; (uGm&efwif;)/ oabFmom;aq;&Hk;rsm;ESifh yifv,fa&a=umif;qdkif&maq;&Hkrsm;odk h/ xdk hjyifqdyfurf;uGm&efwif;qdkif &maq;&Hk;rsm;// (2) ava=umif;c&D;vrf;rsm;// (3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ukef;vrf;/ a&vrf;rsm;jzifhonf[kjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u ausnmxm;aomukef;vrf; a&vrf;rsm;// (4) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u/ jynfaxmifpka&vrf;rsm; jzpfonf[ka=unmxm;aom jynfwGif;a&vrf;rsm;wGif/ pufjzpf ckwfarmif;onfha&,Ofrsm;jzifho,f,lydk haqmifa&;Esifhc&D;oGm; vma&;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;qdkif&m oGm;vmr_enf;Oya'rsm;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;wwGifc&D;onfrsm;ESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;o,f,lydk haqmifa&;// (5) rD;&xm;rsm;// (6) a&wuf a&us&Sdaoma&vrf;rsm;wGifo,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifhoGm;vma&;vnf;yg0ifaomyifv,fc&D; o,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifh oGm;vma&;// (7) qdyfurf;}uD;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSm xdkqdyfurf;}uD;rsm; ausnma&;ESifhe,ffedrdwfowfrSwfa&;/xdk hjyifqdyf urf;qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;ESifhxdktm%mydkifwdk h. tm%mrsm;// (8) av,mOfysHrsm;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vma&;/ av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;pDrHxm;&Sda&;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vm r_ESifh av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;twGuf pnf;rsOf;ysXmef;jcif;EsifhzGJ hpnf;a&;rsm;// (9) yifv,fa&a=umif;jzpfap/ ava=umif;jzifhjzpfap/ c&D;onfrsm;ESifhukefpnfydk haqmifa&;// (10) avS/ oabFESifhav,mOFysHrsm;ab;&ef uif;a&;twGuf rD;jyoabFrsm;/ rD;jytxdrf;trSwfrsm;ESifhtjcm; pDrHcsufrsm;yg0ifaomrD;jywdkufrsm;// (11) pmydk haqmifa&;ESifh a=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ pum;ajyma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ 0dkif,mvuf/ toHv$ifha&;ESifh/ tjcm;tvm;wlqufoG,fa&;rsm;// 4// // b¾ma&;// (1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHudktajcðyIaiGacs;,ljcif;// (2) EdkifiHjcm;odk hydk haomxGufukefrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyffaomtaumufawmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumuf awmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumufawmfrsm;// (3) EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;cGefrsm;/ xdktcGefrsm;wGifjynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;Ya&wGufaz:jyxm;aom taumuftcGef rsm;ryg/ odk h&mwGifv#yfppf"gwftm;&atmifðyjcif;/ oHk;pGJjcif;wdk hay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;ygonf// (4) ukefpnfa&mif;0,fjcif;wdk htay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (5) ukr`%Drsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//

(6) tjrwfawmfcGefrsm;// (7) wOD;wa,mufydkifypPnf;rsm;./ odk hwnf;r[kwfukr`DydkifypPnf;rsm;.wefbdk;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomt cGefrsm;// (8) ukr`%D.aiG&if;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (9) uG,fvGefolydkif ypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaom tcGefESifhypPnf;qufcHcGefrsm;// (10) tjrwf}uD;cGef// (11) aiGpkb%f// (12) aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;csufvbufrSwfrsm;atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh trjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyf aomwHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;// (13) rD;&xm;jzifh‚if;/./ yifv,fa&a=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ ava=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmif aomc&D;onfESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomc&D;cGefrsm;// (14) rD;&xm;vlpD;cESifhukefwifctay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (15) Tpm&if;&SdudpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I &&SdaomtcGefrsm;/ odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcHw &m;&Hk;rsm;Y aumufcH &&SdaomtcGefrsm;ryg0ifacs// 5// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m// (1) oD;oef hb%f/ b%fzGJ hpnf;a&;EsifhaiGpuULxkwfa&;wdk hyg0ifaomb%fvkyfief;// (2) aiGpuUL/ '*Fg;oGef;cyfa&;ESifh w&m;0ifaiG// (3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfaq;=unfh&_jcif;ESifh ppfwrf;,ljcif;// (4) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufypPnf;&,la&;// (5)jynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk; twGufta&;ygt&ma&mufonf[kjynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;aom jywdkuf/ pm=unfhwdkufESifhtjcm;tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;// (6) atmufygudpP&yfrsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ hESifh tzGJ hpnf;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmokaw oeðya&;/ oufarG;r_ynmESifhpufr_vufr_ynmoif=um;a&;/ odk hwnf;r[kwftxl;ynm&yfrsm;oif=um;a&;udk tm;ay;csD;jr‡ifh&efjzpfonf// (7) oef;acgif;pm&if;// (8) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;// (9) zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefodk h trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;// (10) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmforRw. vpmESifh pm&dwfa=u;aiGrsm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h 0if0ef}uD;rsm;. VpmESifhpm&dwfaiGa=u;rsm;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXESifh 'kwd,OuUXwdk h.vpmrsm;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wf awmfem,uESifh 'kwd,em,uwdk h.vpmrsm;/ ygvDreftrwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;// (11) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtay:Ywif&SdaomaºuG;+rD// (12) &mZ0wfOya'ESifhusifhxHk;// (13) w&m;Oya'ESifhusifhxHk;/ txl;tm;jzifhxdkOya'ESifhusifhxHk;wdk hwGifuav;oli,frsm;ESifht&G,f ra&muf ao;olrsm;/ arG;pm;jcif;/ ypPnf;v$Jajymif;a&;/ ,HkyHkv$Jtyfxm;ojzifh pDrHydkifcGifh&dSolrsm;ESifh xdkodk hodk hv$Jtyfxm;a&;/ yËdnmOfrsm;/ tEknmwpD&ifqHk;jzwfa&;/ vlrGJpmcHa&;/ w&m;pGJqdkifydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;/ &l;oGyfjcif;wk hESifh pyfv#Of;aom w&m;Oya'rsm;yg0ifonf// (14) oufaocHOya'// (15) a&S haevdfkufjcif;/ aq;ukojcif;/ tjcm;twwfynmrsm;jzifhtoufarG;jcif;// (16) owif;pmrsm;/ pmtkyfrsm;EsifhpmyHkESdyfpufrsm;// (17) tqdyfrsm;ESifhab;tEW&,fjzpfapwwfaomaq;rsm;//

(18) pufjzpfckwfarmif;aom,mOfrsm;// (19) ukefpnfvkyfudkifaom,mOfrsm;// (20) tvkyform;rsm;tusdK;wdk;yGg;a&;/ tvkyform;wdk h.tajctae/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;.wm0ef0wW&m;ESifh tvkyform;av#mfa=u;/ usef;rma&;tmrcHpepf/ tdkrif;rpGrf;yif&Sifrsm;// (21) tvkyfvufrJhtmrcHpHepfrsm;// (22) tvkyform;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;/ pufr_vufr_qdkif&mESifhtvkyform;qdkif&myËdyuQr_rsm;// (23) v#yfppf"gwf// (24) tmrcHpHepf// (25) ukr`%DOya'// (26) csufvufrSwfrsm;/ aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;/ atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifhtjcm;tvm;wlpmcsKyfrsm;// (27) pmr_ydkif/ topfxGifjcif;/ r_ydkifcGifhrSwfyHkwifjcif;/ ukefrSwfwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefyHkpHrsm;// (28) pDrHudef;ðyjcif;// (29) ajr&SifESifh oD;pm;wdk hqufqHa&;/ ajriSg;cawmif;cHa&;wdk hyg0ifaomajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf a&;/ ajr,mv$Jajymif;jcif;/ ajr,mpGef hv$wfjcif;/ ajr,mqufcHapjcif;rsm;// (30) a&S;a[mif;ESifh&mZ0iftxdrf;trSwfrsm; / a&S;a[mif;ausmufpmwnfae&mrsm;ESifh a&S;a[mif;tºuGif; tusefrsm;// (31) tav; wif;awmif; ponfwdk hudkpHðyjcif;// (32) bdef;/ odk h &mwGifbdef;tay:Y aumufcHaom,pfrsdK;cGefrsm;ryg (33) a&eHESifhjynfaxmifpk w&m;Oya' ab;tEW&,f jzpfavmufatmifavmifu|rf;apwwfonf[kowf rSwfxm;aom tjcm;t&nftcJtp&Sdonfrsm;// (34) jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'u jynfaxmifpktpkd;&.}uD;=uyfftkyfcsKyfjcif;jzifh jynfol htusdK;iSmoifhav#mf onf[k jyXmef;xm;aompufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udkwdk;wufatmifapmif&Gufa&;// (35) or0g,rtoif;rsm;// (36) opfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;/ owWKwGif;rsm;udkwl;az:I wdk;wufatmif ðya&;/ ( owWKwGif;rsm;ESifha&eHajrrsm; owfrSwfa&;udpPwGif tvkyform;ta&;ESifh tvkyform;ab;uif;a&;wdk h yg0ifonf )// (37) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGifa&$ hajymif;aexdkifa&;// (38) Tpm&if;wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ &Hk;tm;vHk;.pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mESifh tm%mrsm;// (39) Tpm&if;&SdudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I w&*m;Oya;rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;// (40) pm&if; 2 wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdaom tjcm;udpPrsm;//

pm&if; 2— 2— jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;//

¡ yk'fr 92 (2) udk=unfh ¢ 1// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPrsm;// (1) TzGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkt ajccHOya'ðyjcif;// (2) jynfe,f0efxrf;rsm;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfe,f&mxl;0eftzGJ h// (3) ynfe,fyif&Sifrsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmjynfe,fu ay;&rnfjzpfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,ftcGefb¾m awmfrsm;rS ay;&rnfjzpfaomyif&Sifrsm;//

(4) jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;.vpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDobmywd.vmpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDt rwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;// 2// // pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;// (1) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;/ u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefaxmifrsm;ESifh u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefausmfeif;0ifa&mufr_wm;qD;a&;// (2) jynfe,ftwGif;&SdwHigvkyfief;rsm;// (3) ajr,m/ ajrcGefawmf/ ajr,mwdk;wuf aumif;rGefa&;ESifhv,f,mtrawmfa=u;rsm;/ pkaygif;Iae&m topfwnfjcif;/ aºuG;+rDtaygiftESHruif;aomajr,mypPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;ESifh0&rf;twyfcH&aom ajr,my pPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;/ &wemodkufrsm;// (4) jynfe,fodk htyfESif;xm;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,f.vuf&Sdjzpfaomvkyfief;rsm;ajrrsm;ESifh taqmufttHkrsm;// (5) aps;rsm;ESifhyGJaps;rsm;// (6) a&/ qdkvdk&if;rSm a&ay;oGif;jcif;/ qnfajrmif;rsm;/ wl;ajrmif;rsm;/ a&v$wfajrmif;rsm;ESifha&umwmrsm;/ a&avSmifuefrsm;/ odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwe,frSwe,fodk hjzwfoef;pD;qif;v#uf&Sdaomjrpfrsm;ESifh a&a=umif;rsm;rygacs// (7) vlcGefESifho\ar"tcGefawmf// (8) jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyygukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomEdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdtjcm; a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf xGufaomtvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm; tay:wGifpnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;// (u) aomufoHk;aomaoa&ao&uf// (c) bdef;// (*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pf xHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfxHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;// (C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;aom t&m0wWKrsm;yg0ifonfh aq;rsm;ESifh vloHk;ukefrsm;// (9) ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifhtvkyftudkifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;// (10) wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifh a&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (11) yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;ESifh avmif;wrf;upm;jcifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;// (12) uif;cGefrsm; ( taumufrsm; ) // 3// // vHk+cHKa&;// (1) jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&; ( odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. ukef;wyf a&wyf qvwyfwdk hudk toHk;ðyjcif; rygacs ) // (2) aus;&Gm&mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hyg0ifaom &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ h// (3) w&m;pD&ifjcif;/ w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH &Hk;rsm;zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkESifh xdk&Hk;rsm;u&&SdaomtccGef rsm;/ jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf umuG,faomoabmjzifh csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ xdk hodk hcsKyfaESmifjcif;cH&olrsm;// (4) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;v$wqfawmfvufatmufcH&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifydkif cGif htm%mESifhtm%mrsm;// (5) tusOf;axmifrsm;/ xdktusOf;axmifrsm;wGif tusOf;cHae&aomolrsm;/ tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifhtvm;wl Xmersm;udktoHk;ðyEdkif&ef tjcm;jynfe,frsm;ESifhpDpOfjcif;// (6) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfh udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;//

4// //qufoG,fa&;// (1) jynfe,f.e,fedrdwfudkrausmfvGefaomvrf;rsm;/ wHwm;rsm;/ ul;wdk hrsm;ESifhtjcm;qufoG,fa&;rsm;// (2) ¹r_eDy,f "gwf&xm;rsm;/ óud;vrf;rsm;// (3) jynfwGif; a&vrf;rsm;ESifh xdka&vrf;rsm;wGif oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmifa&;// (4) rD;&xm;rSwyg;/ jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfaqmifEdkifaoma'oEW&vkyfief;rsm;// // xdkvkyfief;rsm;onf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhpDpOfjcif;aomf‚if;/ tjcm;enf;aom‚if;ðyum/ rnfonfhvkyfief;udkrqdkjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk; twGuf ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom vkyfief;[lIausnmEdkifI/ xdkvkyfief;vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf pDrHEDkifaom ygvDref.tm%mESifhrqef husifap&// 5// // ynma&;// (1) ynmoif=um;a&; ( TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonf rSpI/ q,fESpfjzpfaomumvtydkif;tjcm; ukefvGef+yD;aemuf ygvDrefutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyv#if‚if;/ wuUodkvfynm/ txufwef;ynmpufr_vufr_ynm ESifh txufwef;oufarG;r_ynnmwdk hrygacs )// (2) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGaxmufyHhaomynma&;qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;// (3) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGaxmufyHhaompm=unfhwdkufrsm;/ jywdkufrsm;ESifh tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;// (4)Zmwf&Hkrsm;/ uyGJobifrsm;/ &kyf&Sifrsm;/ odk h&mwGifjyo&efjzpfaom &kyf&Sifum;ynwfa&;twGuftrdef h ay;jcif;rygacs// 6// // jynfol husef;rma&;// (1) jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhoef h&Sif;pifus,fa&;// (2) aq;&Hkrsm;/ 'kuQdw&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hk;rsm;wnfaxmifa&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifhpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;// (3) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;// (4) ajrjr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;// (5) ajrjr‡Kyfo+*õKvfjcif;ESifh ocsõif;ajrrsm;// 7// // a'oEW&tkyfcsKyfa&;// (1) a'oEW&udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ¹r_eDpy,frsm;ESifh tjcm; a'oEW& tm%mydkifrsm; // (2) ukodvfjzpftzGJ htpnf;rsm;// 8// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m// (1) vlqif;&Jrsm;u,fq,faxmufyHa&;// (2) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfhudpPrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfwrf;,ljcif;// (3) EdkifiHawmforwW.xifjrifcsufwGifa'oEW&oabmr#omouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfe,fwGif;a&; &moabmr#om ouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ [lqjcif;cH&aomudpPrsm;//

pwkwˆKZ,m;//

jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if;// ¡ yk'fr 96 udk=unfh// ¢ 1// // ajrcGefawmf// (u) ajrcGefawmfoufouf// (c) wHigvkyfief;rsm;qdkif&miSg;crsm;ESifhtccGefrsm;// (*) a&eHtay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomrcGef// (C) wGif;xGuf ypPnf;rsm;tay:Ypnf;=uyfaomtcGefESifh wGif;xGufypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyf aomtcGefrsm;// (i) =uufaygifap;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (p) vlcGefESifh o\arwtcGefawmfrsm;// 2// // jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyyg ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif aumufcHonfh EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdtjcm;a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom tvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;// (u) aomufoHk;aomao&nfao&uf// (c) bdef;// (*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pfxHk;xdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfrxHkrxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;// (C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;onfht&m0wˆKrsm;yg0ifonfh aq;rsm;/ vSoef hukefrsm;// 3// // w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH w&m;&Hk;rsm;YaumufcH&&SdaomtccGefrsm;// 4// // opfawmrsm;// 5// // rSwfyHkjcif;// 6// // ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh tvkyftudkifrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// 7// // wd&p>mefrsm;ESifha&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// *// // yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;/ avmif;wrf;upm;jcif;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefawmfrsm;// 9// // jynfe,farmfawmf,OfcGeftufOya'rsm;t& pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// 10// // qnfajrmif;XmerS aumufcH&&SdaomtcGefrsm;// 11// // jynfe,ftcGefawmfrsm;rS xkwfacs;ojzifh&aom twdk;rsm;ESifhjynfe,fu&if;E_D;aomtcGefaiGrS&aomt wdk;rsm;// 12// // jynfe,f0ifrsm;rS jynfe,fodk hay;aomqufa=u;rsm;// 13// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSayaomaxmufyHhaiGrsm;// 14// // tccGefrsm;/ '%faiGrsm;/ jynfe,fydkifypPnf;rsm;a&mif;&aiGESifh iSg;&rf;I&aomiSg;crsm;/ ydk ay;xm;ojzifh jyefvnf&&SdaomaiG/ txufaz:jyyg udpPESifhatmufaz:jyygudpPwckckESifh pyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; tr_xrf;aqmif& aoma=umifhay;aqmif&aomaiGrsm;// (u) w&m;pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;// (c) tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifh tusOf;om;rsm;xm;&ma'orsm;// (*) &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hrsm;// (C) ynma&;// (i) aq;bufqdkif&m// (p) jynfol husef;rma&;//

(q) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;// (Z) wd&dp>mefaq;ukoa&;// (ps) or0g,rtoif;// (n) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jrm;jcif;wdk hudkrSwefyHkwifjcif;// (Ë ) +rdK hjye,fy,fqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;// (X) jynfe,f ,mxrf; r_xrf;rsm;tm; tdkdrif;rpGrf;ojzpfI t+idrf;pm;ay;&efaxmufyHhaiGrsm;// (È) pma&;ud&d,mESifh pmyHkESdyfjcif;// (Ê) ydkif&Sifray:aomoGif;xm;aiGrsm;// (%) &wemodkuf// (w) uif;cGefrsm; ( taumuftrsm; )// (x) txl;&&SdaiGrsm;//

aemufqufwGJrsm; //

aemufqufwGJ “1”

orwWtdrfawmf// .

ausnmcsuf//

orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h// 1319 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf// (1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf )

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwWu xdkzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'onf ouU&Zf 1390 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 9 &uf (1948 ck/ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hrSpI tm%mwnf&rnf[k atmufygtwdkif; xkdae hwGifausnmonf// “zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.EdkifiHawmf ,m,DorwWjzpfaom u|Ekfyf pyfa&$odkufonf/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu Oya'tjzpftwnfðyvdkufaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf; tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'tm;/ 1309 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf (1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hwGif tm%mwnf&rnf[kausnmvdkufonf // pyfa&$odkuf//”

trdef ht&/ a&$abmf/ EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef aemufqufwGJ “2”

zGJ hpnf;tkyfcscsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvk ;ðyvkyfcJh jcif;jzpfpOf tusOf;csKyf · 1// // OuUXurSm;,Gif;onfhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya' (rl) udk rxdcdkufonfh trSm;t,Gif;rsm;udkjyifqifjcif;// // zGJ hpnf; tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv24 &ufae hwGiftwnfðycJh

ygonf// TuJhodk htwnfðycJh+yD;aemuf/ tajccHOya'wGif yHkEdSyfrSm;,Gif;jcif;ESifh r_udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udk jyifqifEdkif&ef/ wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu tqdkyg 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 24 &ufae hwGifyif atmufygtwdkif; tqdkw&yfudkjyXmef;twnfðy+yD;/ OuUXtm; jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%m ay;tyfcJhygonf//

tqdk

“v$wfawmfOuUXtm; yHkESdyfxm;onfh zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'pmtkyfwGif rSm;,GifhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya'(r_) udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udk jyifqifEDkifcGifhtwGuf tm%may;onf//” TuJhodk htm%may;tyfcsuft& OuUXu 1947 ckESpf/ 'DzifbmvtwGif;u— (1) yk'fr 64 / yk'frcGJ (1)/ jrefrmpmr_wwd,pma=umif;wGif“rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg/ xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif” [laompmydk'ftpm;/ “rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg rnfonfhtcgYrqdk jrefrmEdkifiHorwW&mxl; vpfvyfaomtcg xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif” [;aomydkf'fudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (2) yk'fr 65/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ 'kwd, pma=umif;wGif “ Union Parliament ” [laompum;&yftpm;/ “Parliament” [laompmum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (3) yk'fr 75/ t*Fvdyfpmr+ yOPrpma=umif;wGif “requirements” [laom pum;&yftpm;“the requirements ” [laom pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (4) yk'fr 92 / tydk'fcGJ (1) / jrefrmpmr_'kwd,tydk'f&Sd wwd,pma=umif;wGif“jynfaxmifpkygvDref” [laom pum;m&yftpm; / “ygvDref” [laompum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (5) yk'fr 114/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;tpwGif “jrefrmEdkifiHawmforwWonf” [laomtoHk;pum;&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef‚if;/ (6) yk'fr 164/ yk'frcGJ (1) tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf//” [kaompum;&yfudkjznfhoGif;I‚if;// (7) yk'fr 177/ tydk'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwIfoGif;ap&rnf//” [laompum;&yfudk jznfhoGif;I‚if;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfygvDref/ jynfol hv$wfawmftrwfrsm; vufpGJpmtkyfwGifyg&Sdaom zGJ hpnf; tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'Y jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onf haz:jycsufrsm;jzpfygonf//

(8) yk'fr 186/ tydk'fcGJ (2) jrefrmpmr_aemufqHk; pma=umif;wGif “v$wfawmf.” [laompum;&yftpm;/ “v$wfawmfcsKyf.” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ xdkyk'fr&Sd tydkf'fcGJ (3) 'kwd,pma=umif;wGif“w&m;v$wfawmfu” [laompum;&yftpm;/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (9) yk'fr 139/ tydkf'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf” [laompum;&yfudk jznfhoGif;I‚if;/ (10) yk'fr 226/ yk'frcGJ (2) t*Fvdyfpmr_ pma=umif;a& 4 wGif/ “Union Parliament” [laompum; &yftpm; “Parliament” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if; jyifqifjcif;rsm;udkðyvkyfcJhygonf// 2// // wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu OuUX.jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%mtwGif; tusHK;r0ifonfhjyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;ESifh w&m;v$wf awmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm; cef@xm;jcif;ESihfywfoufonfh yk'fr 129/ yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (1)ESifh yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) t*Fvdyfpmr_ESifh jrefrmpmr_udk 1948 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&D 3 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfutqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwftwnfðyjcif;jzifh atmufygtwdkif; jyifqifcJhygonf//

(1) yk'fr 129 wGif/ jrefrmpmr_Y “0ef}uD;csKyfESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_Y “in consultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ y,fzsufonf// (2) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ(1) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyf ESifh n‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ wwd,pma=umif;Y“ in consultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;udk‚if;y,fzsufonf// (3) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ EdkifiHawmmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh n‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ pwWKxpm a=umif;Y “ in consultation with the Chief Justic of the Union and the Prime Minister and ” [laom pum;&yfudk‚if; y,fzsufonf// // tajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfh 1948 ckESpf/ 3// // tajccHyk'fr 230 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae haemufydkif;wGif tajcHOya'yk'fr 230 t& tyfESif;xm;onfh tm%mrsm;t& tajccHOya'wGifjyifqifcsufrsm;udk 4 }udrfwdkifðyvkyfygonf// yk'fr 230 t&/ yXrjyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ Zgefv 10 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom wdkif;jynfv$wfawmf (ygvDref) tpnf;ta0;Y qHk;jzwfcsufcs I oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1949 ckESpf/ Zgefv 25 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfjyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif“1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjreffrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udk xkkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “18” tpm;“28” [kjyifqifcJhygonf// yk'fr 230 t&/ 'kwd,jyifqifcsufrSm—— 1950 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 16 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) u qHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1950 ckESpf/ azaz:9g&Dv 23 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf txll;trdef hjyefwrf;wGif “1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGi“f 28” tpm; “40” [kjyifqifcJhygonf// yk'fr 230 t&/ wwd,jyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 15 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwf csufcsI aobmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 31 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf jyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif “1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumuf yGJqdkif&m) tul;taajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef h” udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “40” tpm;/ “48” jyifqifcJh ygonf// ykk'fr 230 t&/ pwkwˆjyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 19 &ufae hwGif usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwf csucf sI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 24 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf jyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif“1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJ qdkif&m) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (rdwWLudkyl;wGJxm;ygonf) udkxkwfjyefI/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ(1) ESifh/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (2) wdk hwGif ¹cGif;csuf w&yfpDtoD;oD;xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhygonf//”

txufaz:jyygjyifqifcsufrsm;rSm tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrt }udrt f pnf;ta0;usif;y+yD;onfh tcsdeftxd tm%mwnfygonf// ( tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDrefjynfol hv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv 3 &ufae hwGif usif;yygonf )// 4// // tajccHOya' tcef; 11 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // tajccHOya'tcef; 11 t&/ tajccHO ya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJhygonf// ‚if;wdk hrSmu&ifjynfe,fay;onfh 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ( 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62 )/ ygvDreftrwfr[kwfaomfvnf; tpdk;& tzGJ h 0if0ef}uD;wOD;tm; 6 vumvxdd tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;tjzifhcGifhðyonfh tajccHOya'yk'fr 116 udk ,m,D&kyfodrf;onfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' (1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 4) / &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;Esifhu,m;apmzsmrsm;EsifhywfoufI tajccHOya'yk'fr 154 (2) ESifh 183 (1) wdk h udky,fzsufonfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,jyifqifcsuf) tyfOya' ( 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 10 ) jzpfygonf// 5// // txufwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwdkif; tajccHOya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJh+yD;aemuf 1961 ckESpfwGif zGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk atmufygjyiffqifcsuftufOya'rsm;jzifh 4}udrfjyiffqifcJhygonf· / —— (u) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya'§ ( 1961 ckESpf tufOya' trSwf 3 ) / (c) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961ckESpf tufOya'trSwf 7 ) / (*) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpf tufOya'trSwf 17 ) / (C) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpf tufOya' trSwf 20 ) / · jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H zGJ ph nf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'udk 1990 jynfhESpfwGIf jyefvnfyHkESdyf&mY jznfhpGufxnfhoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfyg onf//

aemufqufwGJ “3” orwWtdrfawmf orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h// 1331 ck/ em,kefvqkwf 8 &uf// ( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// ) 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m )tul;tajymif; umv umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h// óudwif rodrjrifEDkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_ tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( TrS aemiftbdk h wGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyf csKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;udk ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdkuJhodk haomf tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxmaom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhav#mfonfxiffjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfh xifjrifonfht wdik ;f ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfIjy

Xef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm; udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tn%ntm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ wlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif; trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // trdef hudk 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJ qdik &f m ) tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf tajccHOya' yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae htxd/ tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh “18” qdkaom*%ef;tpm; “28” qdkaom*%ef;udk xnfhoGif;&rnf// pyfa&Godkuf/ EdkifiHawmforwW/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf// &efukefòrd h/ 1311 ck/ e,kefvqkwf 8 &uf// ( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// ) trdef ht&/ a&Gabmf/ EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef// aemufqufwGJ “4” “4” orwWtdrfawmf orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h// 1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf// (1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// ) 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h// óudwif rodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tuf

Oya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyXmeff;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdkuJhodk haomf tcuftcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm; aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwkdif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonf xifjrif onft h wdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef h xkwfI jyXmef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya' yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2) t& tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu/ tajccHOya' yk'fr231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm; udt k oHk;ðyum/ qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEDkif&ef tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf atmufygtwdkif; trddef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJ qdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/ 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajcccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGIfyg&Sdonfh 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umvjyXmef;csuf trdef ht&xnfhoGif;aom *%ef;“28” tpm; “40” qdkaom*%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf// pyfa&$odkuf/ EdkifiHawmf ,m,Dorw/W jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiHawmf// &efukefòrd h/ 1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf// ( 1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// ) trdef ht&/ a&$abmf/ EdkifiHawmf orwWtwGif;0ef// AemufqufwGJ “5” orwWtdrfawmf orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h// 1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf// (1951 ck rwfv 21 &uf ) // 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmif xmifpk jrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h / ¡ 1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 1 // ¢

óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_ tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEDkifiH. zGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyXmef;csufrsm;odk h ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdk uJhodk haom tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;azmfjyxm; aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0if onfh tajccHoOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHO ya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tfyESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif; wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya' yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm; udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef tyfESif;xm;aom tajcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif;trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJ qdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuf trdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajccHOuya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya' yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef ht& xnfhoGif;aom *%ef; “40” tpm; “48” qdkaom *%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf// pyfa&$odkuf/ EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf// &efukefòrd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf// ( 1951 ck. rwfv 21 &uf// ) trdef ht&/ cifarmif¹z_/ EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef// aemufqufwGJ“6”

orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd òrd h// 1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf// (1951 xk/ rwfv 24 &uf// )

1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumuf yGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuf trdef h//

¡ 1951 ckESpf / trdef htrSwf2// ¢ óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tuf Oya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rSm ( TrSaemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk TajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdkuJhodk haomtcuftcJrsm;udkz,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm; aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhav#mfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfxifjrif onfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomfjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef h xkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2)t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) ta&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm; udk toHk;ðyumqHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGufqmif&GufEdkif&ef tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdfkif; trdef hIjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G; aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwifonfhae hrSpI zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk Oya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usifyonfhae htxd tm%m wnf&rnf// 3// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm atmygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) . ¹cGif;cufjzpfonf[krSwf,l &rnf// “odk h&mwGif rJqEWay;&efaemufqHk;csdef;qdkaomae honf/ 1952 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae hrwdkifrDjzpfvsif/ yXrt}udrf usif;yaoma&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;jciff;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;Y wae hwnf;wGifðyvkyfap &efrvdk// ” 4// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm/ atmyfygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84 / yk'frcGJ (2) .¹cGif;csufjzpfonf[krSwf ,l&rnf// “odk h&mwGif tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&. enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDrefqdkif&mjynfol hv$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;uddk/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) .¹cGif;csuft&/ csdef;qdkaom aemufqHk;rJqENay;&efae hrSpI &ufaygif; ajcmufq,ftwGi;f usif;y&rnf//”

pyfa&$odkuf/

EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf/ &efukefòrd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf// ( 1951 ck/ rwfv 24 &uf //) trdef ht&/ cifarmif¹z_/ EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef/

aemufqufwGJ “7”

1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'//

¡ 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62// ¢ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udkjyif&ef tufOya'// atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'[kac: &rnf// (2) TtufOya'. yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 rSwyg;/ tjcm;yk'frtm;vHk;onf/ TtufOya'udk xkwfjyef aomae hYpwiftm%mwnf&rnf// tqdkyg yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 onf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/ yXr trwf a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;v#if/ zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae hY pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 8 wGif “180” qdkonfhpum;&yftpm;“yk'fr 180 ESifh 181” qdkonfh pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;&rnf// 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 83 yk'frcGJ (1) wGifaemufqHk;0gusudky,fzsuf&rnf 4// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 180 ESifh 181 tpm; atmufygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf “180// // (1) oHvGifc&dkif[k ,cifuac:wGIfcJhaom e,fajrudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif/ jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfjzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudkTrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘u&ifjynfe,f’ [kac:wGifap&rnf// ygvDref. tufOya'jzifh owfrSwfaomu&iftrsdK;rsm;aexdkif=uonfh oHvGifc&dkif.qufpyf a'orsm;onfvmf;/ xdkjynfe,fwGifyg0if&rnf// (2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfhu&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ h pnf;&rnf// (3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf+yD; onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// (4) jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkif Oya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfh Oya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/ ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf// (5) jynffe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'=urf;wckudk twnfðy+yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'=urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I xkwfjyefausnmay;&ef/ tqdkygOya'=urf;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iyk'frcGJ (6) t&/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf. qH;k jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/ xkdOya'=urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif; vufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (6) EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h yk'frcGJ (5) t&wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf Oya'=urf;. wpdwfwa'oonf/ tajccHOya'Esifhqf husifonfrqef husifonf[laomjy\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk h xdkOya'=urf;udkvGJtyfEDkifonf// (7) v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmuf renf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/vGtyfaonmjy\emudkpOf;pm; &rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudk oifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ =um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;+yD;aom tcg xdfkjy\emESifhpyfv#if;Iv$Jtyf+yD;onfhaemuf &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsuf udkv#ifjrefEDkifoavmufc#ifjrefEDkifopGm w&m;&Hk;wGif txift&Sm;ausnm&rnf// yk'frcGJ (6) .udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf// (8) yk'frcGJ(6) t& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h v$JtyfaomOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmefk;csufonf/ tajccHOya'ESifhqef h usifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu qHk;jzwfaomudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;

pm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfemfaumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfrxd;k [kjiif;qdk&rnf// (9) xdkodk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:aus nm+yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvma=umif; xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf// (10) yk'frcGJ (5) t& wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf+yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforwWu vufrSwfxdk;+yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom ta=umif;jycsufjzifh xdkOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&// (11) EdkifiHawmforwW vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufOya'pmr_wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf/ rdwWKwdkif;udkvnf; u&ifjynfe,f0ef+uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf/ (12) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgtm;av#mfpGm jynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h &mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;yay;&rnf/ xdkodk h usif;yaomtcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaom jynfaumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk ht=um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&// u&ifjynfe,ftpdk;&// 181// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyifI/ xdkaumifpDtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwf wOD;OD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudk EdkifiHawmforwW onf atmufwGif “u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ 0if0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ tajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf// (2) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ u&ifjynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ qdkvdfk &if;rSm/ u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynffe,f .tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudk oHk;pGEdkif&rnf// (3) yk'frcGJ (4) &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaomtkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm %monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r_xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay; ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif; udpPtm;odk h oufa&mufysHESH&rnf// (4) tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynf e,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,faumifpDu w&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomudpPrsm;odk h ouf a&mufysHESHonf/ tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD.qHk;jzwf csufudkvdkufem&rnf// (5) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhn‡dE_dif;wdkifyif& rnf// (6) u&ifjynfemfaumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;uddk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&m wGif vG,fulpDrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;y aom tpnf;tas0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom ‚if; a&G;cs,fI jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudk/ t vkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif ulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf// (7) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJh aomvkyfief;aqmifwmta=umif;udkajym=um;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfajym=um;ap&rnf/ u&if

jynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaomtpDt&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoiG ;f ap&rnf jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrH csufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm; axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf// (8) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmfESpfwdkif; wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt& rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf/ xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pOf;pm; aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf wifoGif;ap&rnf// (9) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. taxmuftyHaiGESifh pyfv#Of;I jynfaxifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf; urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnf ðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf/ xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufem a=umif; EdkifiHawmforwWtm;/ auseyffEdkifap&ef jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsuf wGifxnfhoGif;az:&rnf// (10) TtajccHOya'. tcef; 10 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;onf u&ifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkifap&// (11) tajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynf e,ftpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif xdkOuUX xdkaumif pD/ xdktpdk;&wdk htzGJ htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h wdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. QufqHa&; udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/ yXr trwfa&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; v#if zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae htxd/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkygvDref&Sdu&if trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f trwftm;vHk;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf//” 5// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 195 udfky,fzsuf&rnf// 6// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHtajccHOya' yk'fr 209/ yk'frcGJ (5) wGifyg&Sdaom “u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ odk h wr[kwf” qdkonfhpum;&yf udky,fzsuf&rnf// 7// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'. 'kwd,Z,m;wGif— (u) tydk'f (i) tpm;/ atmufygtydk'fudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//“ (i) wq,fhig;ae&mudk u&ifjynf e,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf //” (c) tydk'f (p) wGif “ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk ” qdkonfh pum;&yftpm;“ajcmufq,fhESpfae&mudk” qdk onfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf// 8// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yf yg&Sdonfhae&mwdkif;Y xdkpum;&yftpm;“u&m;jynffe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf// THE CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACT, 1951. [ Act No. LXII of 1951 .] An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma. It is hereby enacted as follows: 1. (1) This Act may be called The Constitution Amendment Act, 1951. (2) It shall come into forced on the date of promulagation except sections 3 and 7 which shall come into force on the date of the dissolution of the Parliament following the first general election held under section 233 of the Constitution. 2. In section 8 of the Constitution, for the expression "section 180" the expression "section 180 and 181" shall be substituted.

3. In sub-section (1) of section 180 of the Constitution, the last sentence shellbe deleted. 4. For the provision in sections 180 and 181 of the Constitution, the following shall be substituted, namelly: “180. (1) The territory hitherto know as the Salween District shall form a constituent unit of the Union of Burma and be hereafter known as ‘The Karen State’. It shall also include such adjacent areas occupied by the Karen as may be determined by an Act of Parliament. aemufqufwGJ “8”

THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1959. [ Act No. 4 of 1959 ] An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma. It is herebay enacted as follows: 1.(1) This Act may be called the Constitution ( Amendment ) Act, 1959. (2) It shall remain in force until the date on which the Prime Minister shall have been appointe on the nomination of the next Chamber of Deputies. (3) When this Act cases to have effect, the provision of section 5 of the Burma General Clauses Act shall apply. 2. So long as this Act remains in force, the provisions of section 116 of the Constitution shall be deemed to have been repealed.

1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya'//

¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 4 //¢ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'// atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( jyiffqifcsuf ) tufOya'[kac:wGif ap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfrS trnfwif oGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ 0ef}uD;csKyfcef hxm;onfhae h &ufwdkifatmif tm%mwnfaeap&rnf// (3) TtufOya'tm%mwnfjcif;rS&yfpJonfhtcg/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'yg ykk'fr 5 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf// 2// // TtufOya'tm%mwnfvsuf&Sdaeor#umvywfvHk; zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 116 ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk &kyfodrf;bdouJhodk hrSwf,lap&rnf// aemufqufwGJ “9”

1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//

¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 10 // ¢ ¡ jynfaxmmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'// ¢ atmufygtwkdif; Oya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//

1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd, jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufxyfw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfudk zsufodrf;onfhae h&uf. aemufae hwGif pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// //zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 154 .yk'frcGJ (2) ESifh yk'fr 183 / yk'frcGJ (1) wdk hudk/ TtufOya' jzifh&kyfodrf;vdkufonf// aemufqufwGJ “10”

1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf tufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya'trSwf 3 // ¢ atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuf tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf// 2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 2 tpm;/ atmufygudk yk'fr 2 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “2// // atmufyge,fajrrsm;ESifh e,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmEdkifiHwEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrm EdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf/ (u) 1960 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 1 &ufae hwGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w&kyfjynfol horwW EdkifiHwdk hcsKyfqdk-uI/ 1961 ckESpf/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &ufae hwGif pmcsKyfcsKyf0ifEdkifiHESpfEdkifiHwdk h toD;oD;enf; vrf;wusvufcHtwnfðy-uaom e,fedrdwfpmcsKyftydk'f 9 ESifh 10 yg owfrSwfcsufwdk hudk t axmuftxm;ðyI/ ,cif_Adwdo# bk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fpm;/ jrefrmjynfbk&ifcH pD&iftkyfcsKyfcJhaom e,f ajrtm;vHk;/ (c) u,m;jynfe,f/ xdk hjyif (*) &,lonfhtjcm;e,fajrrsm;&Sdv#if/ xdktjcm;e,fajrrsm;rsm;” 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 5 tpm;/ atmufygudk/ yk'fr 5 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “ 5// // yk'fr 2 / tydk'f (u) ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;ðyI/ jrpf}uD;em;ESifh Aef;armfc&dkif rsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h 0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘ucsifjynfe,f’ [kac:& rnf//” aemufqufwGJ “11”

1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyH tjccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuftufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya' trSwf 7 // ¢ ¡ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHtufOya'udk jyifqif&ef tufOya'// ¢ atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'jzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuf tufOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif/ pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; 6 wGif/ atmufygudk tydkif; 6 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//

“ tydkif; 6 // a&G;aumufyGJrsm;// ” 113–u// // a&G;aumufyGJ t&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif; ESifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvkyfief;pOf enf;Oya'rsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m1949 ckESpf/ EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufr+tufOy a'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya'wckckt&a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh‚if;/ pyfvsOf;I }uD;-uyfa&;/ n$ef-um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mwdk honf/ yk'fr 113–c t&/ zGJ hpnf;xm;aom a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifYwnf&Sd&rnf// 113–c// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;.oabmwlcsufudk&,lI/ EdkifiHawmf orwWukd,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcyfESdyfonfh trdef hpmjzifhcef hxm;aom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm; av;OD;xufrydkaom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;yg0ifaoma&G;aumufyGJ aumufr&Sifwckudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf// (2) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;udk ygvDrefzsufodrf;xm;onfhtcgwGif cef htyf &efcdkygu/ EdkifiHawmforwWucef hxm;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif tqdkygcef hxm;jcif;twGuf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmf ESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. OabmwlnDcsuftwnfðycsufudk aemufygvDref.yXrnDvmcHwGif&,l&rnf// tbdk;— 10 jym;// (3)yk'frcGJ (1) ESifh(2) wdk h t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf tjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJ riff;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if;/ cef h xm;jcif;wdk hudk ygvDrefwGif aqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&// (4) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfonf/ a&G;aumfyGJaumfr&Sif.OuUXtjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf// (5) tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumufr&SifwGif&mxl;oufwrf;tEkt&ifhvdkufI &mxl;pOfa&S haemufjzpf&rnf// 113–*// // (1) yk'fr 113–c t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyftjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumuifyGJrif;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if; cef hxm;jcif;cH&aom yk*~dKvfwdk honf/ atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// ‘u|Ekfyf————onf a&G;aumufyGJ rif;}uD;csKyf (odk h wnf;r[kwf a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;) . wm0ef tvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,f r&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/ b,m *wdrsm;odk h rvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf;&Sdor#/ ^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyif u|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'ESifhwuG w&m;Oya'rsm;udk xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smufrnf[kav; eufwnf-unfpGm ausnmIuwdopPmðyygonf// ’ (2) a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ TudpP twGufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfaom w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uD;. a&S harSmufYaom‚if;/ txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (3) a&G;aumufyGJaumfur&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Siftjzpfjzifh wm0eftvkyf0wW&m;rsm; udk pwifraqmif&GufrDopPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (4) txufygtwdkif; opPmrqdkIvufrSwfrxdk;vdk[kjiif;qefaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGufaom a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf/ &mxl;udkvufrcHvdk jiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 113–C// // a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftm;vHk;onf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhw&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkuf emI/ rdrdwdk h.wm0eftvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk vGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf// 113–i// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aom‚if;/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftenf;qHk;ig;ESpf xdkEDkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdkolrSm a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0iftjzpf cef h xm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&//

113–p// // (1) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwOD;OD;onf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom EkwfxGufpmudk/ EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h wifoGif;jcif;jzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEDkifonf// (2) xif&Sm;onf[kqHk;jzwf_yD;jzpfonfhtusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r+a-umifhjzpfap/ rpGrf;aqmifEdkifr+a-umifhjzpfap xdkta-umif;wckckaumifhrSwyg;/ a&G;aum,ufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;udk &mxl;rSrEkwfy,f&// (3) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf// (4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfpkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHak tmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;uvufrSwfa&;xdk;I/ ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif Tyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaom pGyfpGJcsuf tqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&// (5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaom trwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef;csuf csaomtcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&// (6) pGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ hu pHk;prf;ppfaq;&rnf/ xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGif EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg0if&rnf// (7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHk;prf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifY/rdrdudk,fwdkif aom‚if;/ rdrd.udk,fpm;vS,fjzifhaom‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf// (8)txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJhaom v$wfawmfodk h tpD&ifcHpmwif jy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmftzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_yD;tjywf twnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGif oabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;cHkawmftzGJ h. tpDt&ifcHpmudkygvDref qdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif pIf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufudk pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0if. tusifh pm&dwyW sufjym;jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifh rxdkufaom tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0; wufa&mufrJay;aom trwf rsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifihawmforwWonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&; xdk; wHqdyfcyfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&ma&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifudk &mxl;rScsufjcif;Ekwfy,f&rnf// 113–q// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifh pyfvsOf;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGuf av#mhjcif;wdk hudk ðyaomtcgwGif/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf rdrd.vpmudkav#mhap&ef/ rddrdtvdkt av#muf oabmrwlcJhaom/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;udkcef hxm;_yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif; ESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmif ajymif;vJ jcif;rðy&// 113–Z// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomtm%mudk ydkrdkxda&mufpGmoHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/ vdktyfonf[k/ odk h wnf;r[kwf tvdk&Sdxdkufonf[k xifjrifqEdkifI/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;/ rnDrnGwfrjzpfaom xyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Siftm;ay;tyf&ef/ ygvDrefonf/ tufOya' jzifjh yXmef;Edkifonf// 113–ps// // a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf/ tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uDrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf; I/ TtajccHOya'&Sdtxufaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ atmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya' ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// (u) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_idrf;pm;,laomtouft &G,Ef Sifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif (c) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk cGJa0ay;jcif; tm%mrsm;ESifhvkyfief;pOfqdkif &mudpPrsm;// 113–n// // oD;jcm;tufOya'/ odk hwnf;r[kwf enf;Oya'rsm;jyXmef;jcif;rðyao;rDtcdseftwGif; aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJt&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y

jcif;ESifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf 1949 ckESpf; EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwif ajr‡mufr+tufOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya' wckckt& a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif; ESifh‚if;/ pyfvsOf;I}uD;-uyfa&;/ n$ef-um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;wdk hudk /a&G;aumufYJaumfr&Sifu/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya' rsm;t&/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// ” aemufqufwGJ “12” “12”

1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 17// ¢ atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif pwif tm%mwnf&rnf// 2// // (u) yk'frcGJ (1) tpm;/ atmufygudkyk'frcGJ (1) tjzpfoGif;&rnf// “ (u) Ak'
21–*// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onff/ rEWav;awmifajcteD; r[mavmu rm&Zdefukodkvfawmf bk&m;y&0k%f twGif;&Sd yOProH*g,emwif ydXuygËdawmf ausmufpmrsm;ESifh xdkbk&m;teD; pENmrkedbk&m; y&0k%f twGif;&Sd tXuXmESifh Ëdumausmufpmrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;&Sdap&rnf// 21–C// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onf/ wESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrf atmufygq&mawmf}uD;rsm;tm; yifh bdwfI/ EdkifiHawmfbmomomoemtwGuf rdrd. aqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;udkwifjy&rnfhjyif/ xdkaqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;ESifhpyf vsOf;onfh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;. a0befcsuf/ t}uHay;csufESifh -o0g'rsm;udkvnf;-um;em&rnf// (u) tbd"Zr[m&Ï*k&kq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ (c) t*~r[my¾dwq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ (*) EdkifiHawmf-o0g'p&D, q&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ ESifh (C) EdkifiHawmf0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf}uD;rsm;//”// 4// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 43 aemufwGif atmufygwdk hudk yk'fr 43–uESifh 43–c tjzpfxnfh oGi;f &rnf// “ 43–u// // EdkifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;/ a&S hrif;rsm;wnfxm;udk;uG,fawmfr+cJh-uI/ jrwfpGmbk&m;. "gwfawmf arGawmfrsm; udef;0yf&m[lI omoemordkif;wGifxif&Sm;ausmfapmaoma&S;a[mif; apwD/ ykxdk;rsm;/ ppfab;/ olykefab;/ ivsifab; paomab;tEW&,frsm;a-umifh ysufpD;v#if/ xdkapwD/ ykxdk;rsm; udkðyjyif/ jyefvnfwnfaxmif&mY ulnDaxmufyH&rnf// 43–c// // EdkifiHawmfonf 0denf;a'oemawmfESifh rqef husifap&ef jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfw0ef;vHk;wGif/ vlyk*~dKvfrsm;twGuf aq;&HkESifhwrdk;wx&Hwnf;r[kwfr+I/ bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;ESifhtyfpyfaom oHChmaq;&Hkrsm; xm;&Sd&rnf/ xdkaq;&Hkrsm;Y/ bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;tm; ðypkau|;arG;&mwGifvnf; 0denf;a'oemawmfESifhrqef h usifapbJðypkau|;arG;&rnf//” aemuffqufwGJ “13”

1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf) tufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 20// ¢ atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// //TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' (pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf) tufOya' [kac:wGifap&rnf// 2// // (1) zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 20 wGif“vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkifaom tcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGmudk; uG,fwnfaqmufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;” qdkonfhpum;&yftpm;/ “vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkifaomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyf pGmudk;uG,f aqmufwnfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGm oif-um;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;” qdkonfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf// (2) atmufygudkzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 20 .¹cGif;csuftjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “ ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif rdb/ odk hr[kwf tkyfxdrf;olwdk h. pmjzifha&;om;xm;aom óudwifo abm wlnDcsufudkr&&SdbJ/ ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfhftouffrjynfhao;oludkr# ‚if;.rdbudk;uG,fonfhbmomr [kwfonfhrnfonfhbmomudkr#oif-um;jcif;rðy&//” 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 21/ yk'frcGJ (5) aemufwGif atmufygudk yk'frcGJ (6) tjzpfxnfhoGif; &rnf// “ (6) bmom omoemwdk hudk a&;om;jcif;tm;jzifh aomf‚if;/ ¹rGufqdkjcif;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ tjcm; enf;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;apmfum;r+/ r[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJr+ paomab;tEW&,fcyfodrf;rS EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onfumuG,f

apmifha&Smuf&rnf//”