Bsphysics.pdf

SCHEME OF STUDIES (STRUCTURE) Sr. No. 01 02 03 04 05

Category

No. of Courses

Credits

07 08 11 18 02

19 21 29 57 06

Compulsory Courses General Courses Foundation Courses Major Courses Electives Courses

LAYOUT / FRAMEWORK Category

Compulsory

Course Title

Credits

English I English II Pakistan Studies Islamic Studies Calculus-I Computer Programing Calculus-II Physical Chemistry Bio Physics Numerical Analysis Linear Algebra

3 3 2 2 3 3 3 19 3 3 3 3

Differential Equations

3

Arabic Marketing GOF/GRF social science courses from following list: a. Sociology b. Mass Communication c. Economics d. Marketing e. Environmental Policy f. Psychology g. Fine Arts h. Political Science i. International Affairs j. Public Administration k. Arabic

3 3

Total General Courses

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Total

21

GOF: General subjects from faculties other than sciences GRF: General Subjects from Science Faculty 10 of 61

Foundation Courses

Mechanics Electromagnetism-I Electromagnetism-II Thermodynamics Waves and & Optics Modern Physics Introduction to quantum physics Lab-I Lab-II Lab-III Lab-IV Quantum Mechanics–I Quantum Mechanics–II Classical Mechanics Basic Electronics Computational Physics Mathematical Methods of Physics–I Mathematical Methods of Physics–II Electrodynamics-I Electrodynamics-II Statistical Mechanics & Thermal Physics Nuclear Physics Solid State Physics Atomic Physics Research Project Lab-V Lab-VI Lab-VII Lab-VIII

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 29 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3

Total

57

Elective – I

3

Elective – II Note These courses will be selected from the list of elective courses.

3

Total

Major Courses

Elective Courses

Total

6

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SEMESTER-WISE BREAKUP SEMESTER I Codes PHY -1101 PHY -1102 PHY -1103 PHY -1104 PHY -1105 PHY -1106

Name of Subject

Total

Credits 3 2 3 3 3 2 16

Total

Credits 3 2 3 3 2 3 16

Total

Credits 3 3 3 3 2 3 17

Total

Credits 3 3 2 3 3 3 17

English-I (C) Islamic Studies (C) Computer Programming (C) Mechanics (F) Calculus-I (C) Basic Lab-I (F)

SEMESTER II Code PHY -1201 PHY -1202 PHY -1203 PHY -1204 PHY -1205 PHY -1206

Name of Subject English-II (C) Pakistan Studies (C) Electromagnetism-I (F) Calculus II (C) Marketing or (As offered by the Dept.) (G) Basic Lab-II (F)

SEMESTER III Code PHY -2301 PHY -2302 PHY -2303 PHY -2304 PHY -2305 PHY -2306

Name of Subject Electromagnetism-II Waves & Optics (F) Linear Algebra or (As offered by the Dept.) (G) Modern Physics (F) Numerical Analysis or (As offered by the Dept.) (G) Basic Lab-III (F)

SEMESTER IV Code PHY -2401 PHY -2402 PHY -2403 PHY -2404 PHY -2405 PHY -2406

Name of Subject Thermodynamics (F) Introduction to Quantum Physics (F) Arabic (As offered by the Dept.) (G) Physical Chemistry (G) Bio Photonics (G) Basic Lab-IV (F)

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SEMESTER V Code PHY- 3501 PHY- 3502 PHY- 3503 PHY- 3504 PHY- 3505

Name of Subject Method of Mathematical Physics-I (M) Classical Mechanics (M) Basic Electronics (M) Electromagnetic Theory-I (M) Physics Lab-I (M) (Electronics)

Credits 3 3 3 3 3 Total

15

Total

Credits 3 3 3 3 3 15

SEMESTER VI Code PHY- 3601 PHY- 3602 PHY- 3603 PHY- 3604 PHY- 3605

Name of Subject Method of Mathematical Physics-II (M) Electromagnetic Theory-II (M) Solid State Physics (M) Atomic Physics (M) Physics Lab -II (Solid State Physics) (M)

SEMESTER VII Code PHY- 4701 PHY- 4702 PHY- 4703 PHY- 4704 PHY-47(5-7) PHY- 4708/ PHY-47(09-15)

Name of Subject Nuclear Physics Quantum Mechanics – I Computational Physics Physics Lab -III (Nuclear Physics) Elective Course – I

Credits 3 3 3 3 3

Final Year Project/ Optional course

3 Total

18

SEMESTER VIII Code PHY- 4801 PHY- 4802 PHY- 4803 PHY- 48(4-6) PHY- 4807 / PHY-48(08-13) PHY-48(08-13)

Name of Subject Statistical Mechanics and Thermal Physics Quantum Mechanics-II Physics Lab -IV (General Physics) Elective course-II

Credits 3 3 3 3

Final year Project/ optional Course

3

Optional Course

3 18

Total

Note: All courses and labs from semester V and on ward semesters will be same for B.S and M.Sc. programs.

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LIST OF ELECTIVE COURSES FOR SEMESTER VII Course Code

Course Title

Credits

PHY-4705

Electronics-I

3

PHY-4706

Solid State Physics-I

3

PHY-4707

Nuclear Physics-I

3

FOR SEMESTER VIII Course Code

Course Title

Credits

PHY-4804

Electronics-II

3

PHY-4805

Solid State Physics-II

3

PHY-4806

Nuclear Physics-II

3

Note: The elective courses opted in 7th and 8th semester must be related to each other.

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OPTIONAL COURSES FOR SEMESTER VII Course Code

Course Title

Credits

PHY- 4709

Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy

3

PHY- 4710

Semiconductor Physics

3

PHY- 4711

Introduction to Nano Technology

3

PHY- 4712

Laser

3

PHY- 4713

Particle Physics

3

PHY- 4714

Research Methodology & Skill Enhancement

3

PHY- 4715

Introduction to Quantum Computing

3

FOR SEMESTER VIII Course Code

Course Title

Credits

PHY- 4808

Methods of Experimental Physics

3

PHY- 4809

Digital Electronics

3

PHY- 4810

Plasma Physics

3

PHY- 4811

Quantum Electronics

3

PHY- 4812

Quantum Optics

3

PHY- 4813

Environmental Physics

3

Note: The selection of optional courses will depend upon the availability of qualified staff and laboratory facilities.

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Item No. 04

Approval of contents of syllabi for BS Physics under semester system

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SEMESTER-I Codes

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY -1101

English-I (C)

3

PHY -1102

Islamic Studies (C)

2

PHY -1103

Computer Programming (C)

3

PHY -1104

Mechanics (F)

3

PHY -1105

Calculus-I (C)

3

PHY -1106

Basic Lab-I (F)

2 Total

16

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PHY-1101

ENGLISH-I

Basics of Grammar, Parts of speech and use of articles, Sentence structure, active and passive voice, Practice in unified sentence, Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure, Transitive and intransitive verbs , Punctuation and spelling, Comprehension: Answers to questions on a given text, Discussion: General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at the discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of students), Listening: To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by subject teachers, Translation skills: Urdu to English, Paragraph writing: Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher, Presentation skills: Introduction. Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

4.

Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 1. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313492 Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313506 Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-27 and 35-4 Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 453402 2.

PHY-1102

ISLAMIC STUDIES

Fundamental of Islam, Tauheed: Arguments for oneness of God, impact of Tauheed on human life, place of man in the universe, purpose of creation, textual study of Surah alRehman and Surah al- Furqan, Prophethood, need for prophet, characteristics of a prophet, finality of prophethood, seerat; life of prophet as embodiment of Islamic ideology, faith in hereafter aakhrat, effects of belief on worldly life.Ibadah: Concepts of Ibadah, Salat, Saom, Zakat, Hajj and jehad. The Holy Quran: Its revelation and compilation, The authencity of the text, Hadith: Its need, authenticity and importance. Consensus (Ijma), analogy (Qiyas). Sources of Knowledge: Islamic approach to institution, Reason and experience. Revelation Wahi as a souce knowledge. Moral and social Philosophy of Islam: The concept of good and evil, Akhlaq -e- Hasna with special reference to surah Al- Hujrat, Professional Ethics Kasb-eHalal. Islamic Political Principles: Salient feature of the Islamic state, Madina character, Responsibilities of the Head of the state, Rights and Duties of Citizens. Economics Oder of Islam: Right to property, System of Taxation, Distribution of Wealth Zakat and Ushar, Interest Free Economy Shirakat and Muzarabat. Islam as Living Force: Application of Islam Teaching to Socio- Economic Development in the 20th Century. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.

Muhanmmad, H. “Emergence of Islam”, IRI, Islamabad. Muhanmmad, H. “Muslim Conduct of State” Muhanmmad, H. „Introduction to Islam Hussan, H. H. “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan. Hasan, A. “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993) Mir, W. 1982. “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes” 18 of 61

8. 9.

Islamic Book Service. Bhatia, H.S. 1989. “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep Publications New Delhi. Muhammad, Zia-ul-Haq.2001. “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.

PHY-1103

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Introduction: The structure of digital computers; programming languages; high level languages; algorithms; The turbo C Programming Environment: Setting up the IDE. Files used in C program development. Basic structure of a C program, The programming language: The C Character set. Constants, variables and keywords. Types of C constants, Types of variables. C Instructions. Type declaration Instruction. Arithmetic Instruction, C Building Blocks: Fundamental Data Types, Declaration. Expressions. Assignment. Input/Output, Operations. Comments, Loops: The for loop, the while loop, the do while loop Nesting of loops. Multiple initializations in the for loop. The break Statement. The switch statement, Decisions: The if statement. The if–else statement. The else-if statements, Functions: Definition. Purpose. Simple functions. Functions that return a value. Passing values between functions. Call by value and call by reference. Using more than one function, External variables, Arrays and strings: What are Arrays, Array initializations, bound checking. Passing array elements to a function. 2-and 3Dimensional arrays. Strings, Pointers: Returning data from function .Pointers and array. Passing an entire array to a function. Pointers and strings, Structures- Unions: Structures- Union: Declaring a structure, accessing structure elements. Arrays of structures. Uses of structures. Union. Union of structures.

PHY-1104

MECHANICS

Measurements, Motion in one Dimension. Force and Newton‟s Laws. Motion in two and Three Dimensions, application of Newton‟s Law, linear Momentum, Collisions, center of mass, frame of reference, System of particles, Rotational Kinematics, rotational Dynamics, rotational inertia Angular Momentum, Energy: Work, kinetic Energy. Gravitation, fluid Dynamics, special theory of Relativity. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Hallidy, Resnick and Krane, Physics, 5th ed. Vol.1, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2002 Roger A. Freedman Hugh D. University Physics, 11th ed., Ben.-Cumm,Inc. Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientist and Engineers 6th ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2000.

PHY-1105

CALCULUS-I

Introduction, real numbers, intervals, absolute values and its properties, coordinates planes and graphs, lines, functions, operation on functions, graph of functions, shifting of graph limits, continuity, graphical and analytical approach. The derivatives, geometrical meanings of derivatives, tangent lines and rate of changes. Derivatives of Trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, the chain rules, implicit differentiation, differential derivative of hyperbolic, inverse hyperbolic, logarithmic, exponent function, first order 19 of 61

differential equation and application, increase and decrease, concavity relative extrema, first and second derivatives test, Maximum and minimum of a function, applied maximum and minimum problem, L‟ hospital rules integration, basic rules of integration, formula of integration, integration by parts, by substitutions, partial fraction definite integrals, Riemann sur theorems of definite integral, first and second fundamental theorems of calculus definite integral with property areas between curves, Disk and washer, volumes by cylindrical shell and slicim length of plane curves, Area of surface of revolution, First order differential equation and applications, Roll‟s theorem, mean values theorem and its application, improper integral, convergent and divergence of integrals, straight line in R3, Planes, Cylindrical and Spherical coordinate surfaces, cylinders and cones, sphere, spherical trigonometry. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Calculus and analytical Geometry, by Thomas & Finny. 10th Edition. Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by Howard anton, 7th Edition Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by S.M. Yosuf. Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by SkowSky. 6th Edition.

PHY-1106

BASIC LAB-1

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Measurement of techniques Measurement of basic constant length, weight and time. Moments Modulus of elasticity Mechanical hysteresis Hook‟s Law Tree fall Determine the value of „g‟ by krater‟s reversible pendulum. Determine the moment of inertia of a body by means of a torsion pendulum. Determine the moment of inertia of a fly wheel. Determine the young‟s Modulus of a wire by Searle‟s apparatus. Determine the Modulus of rigidity of a wire by using Maxwell‟s needle. (Dynamical method) Determine the elastic constants of a wire by Searl‟s tube method. Determine the co-efficient of viscosity of water by capillary flow method.

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SEMESTER- II Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY -1201

English-II (C)

3

PHY -1202

Pakistan Studies (C)

2

PHY -1203

Electromagnetism-I (F)

3

PHY -1204

Calculus-II (C)

3

PHY -1205

Marketing or (As offered by the Dept.) (G)

2

PHY -1206

Basic Lab-II (F)

3 Total

16

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PHY-1201

ENGLISH-II (Communication Skills)

Paragraph writing, Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph, Essay writing, Introduction, CV and job application, Translation skills, Urdu to English, Study skills, Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading, summary, and précis writing and comprehension, Academic skills, Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet, Presentation skills, Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation) Note: documentaries to be shown for discussion and review. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press 1986. ISBN 0 19 431350 6. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Chrisitine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 45-53 (note taking). Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435406 5 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction to presentations, descriptive and argumentative writing). Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 453403 0. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan Study Skills by Riachard Yorky.

PHY-1202

PAKISTAN STUDIES

An over View of the British Rule in the sub-continent, two nation theory & role of Sir Sayyed for the revival of Muslims, major political organization (congress muslim league), Constitutional reforms, Constitutional & political struggle (separate electrolate, Lucknow Pact ), Tehrik –e-Khilafat, Nehru Report, Jinnah‟s 14 point, e-Allah Abad Address 1930, Round table conferences, Election of 1937 and Congress Minstries, Pakistan Moment (194047), Crips proposal 1942, Wavell plane and shimla conference 1945, Election of 1945-46, Cabinet mission plan 1946, 3rd June plane and Red cliff award, Pakistan's Immediate Problems: Administrative problems, problems of Refuges, Problems of Accession of states(Kashmir, Hyderabad, June Garh), Distribution of Assets, Canal Water dispute, political and constitutional Development, Hurdles of Constitution Making, 1956 constitution, Islamic clauses) 1962 constitution (Islamic clauses) and Ayub Era, Yahya Regime and first General election 1970, Bhutto in power 1973 constitution (Islamic clauses), Zia government steps for Islamization, Era of Democracy (1988-1999), Pakistan‟s foreign policy: Relations with USA, Soviet union, Relations with neighboring countries (India, china, Iran, Afghanistan), Relations with Saudi Arabia and Turkey, Pakistan and International Organizations (UNO, OIC, ECO,SAARC), M.D. Zafar, Pakistan studies, Aziz Book Depot Urdu Bazzar Lahore. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

Sheikh Muhammad Rafique, Pakistan studies, urdu Bazar Lahore Sheikh Muhammad Rafique, History of Pakistan, urdu Bazar Lahore.

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PHY-1203

ELECTROMAGNETISM-I

Brief review of vector calculus, the electrostatic field, coulombs law, divergence and curl of electrostatic fields, electric potential, work and energy in electrostatic. Electrostatic boundary value problems, field mapping: Laplace equation, uniqueness, separation of variable, poisons equation, method of images, multiple expansions, Electric field in dielectric, Electric polarization, The field of polarized objects, dielectric displacement, linear dielectrics. Magnetostatic, steady currents and their magnetic fields, the biot-savart law, the divergence and curl of B field, magnetic vector potential. Magnetic field in matter (H), Magnetization, the fields of magnetized object, the auxiliary field of H field, Linear and non linear media, Electrodynamics, Electromotive force, electromagnetic induction, Maxwell‟s equations, Electromagnetic waves. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Introduction to electrodynamics (2nd edition) by David J. Griffiths Electromagnetic theory (4th edition) by Reitz, Milford and Christy Electromagnetic fields and waves (3rd edition) by Lorrain, Corson and Lorrain.

PHY-1204

CALCULUS-II

Sequences, Monotone sequences, convergence of sequence, infinite series, partial sum, convergence test Alternating sequence, conditional convergence, Power series Taylor‟s and Maclaurin‟s series, differential and integration of series. Arc length in polar, Cartesian, parametric curves, surface area, area in polar and Cartesian form of curves. Area of revolution in polar and Cartesian forms. Conversion of systems, Unit tangent and normal Vectors, Curvature and radius of Curvature, Motion along a curve. Function of several variables, homogeneous function Euler theorem, Partial derivatives, Laplace equation. Differentiability and chain rules, Tangent planes, total differential, Directional Derivatives Gradient of two functions Function of n- Variables maxima and minima of two functions Lagrange Multipliers Double integral, triple integrals Centroid, center of Gravity, Total mass. Triple integrals, Jacobians, triple integrals in cylindrical and Spherical coordinates. Introduction to conic section, rotation of axes, Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola, Sketching of conics Volumes of Surfaces, complex numbers: DeMoivre's theorem and its applications, Complex functions, analytical functions, harmonic and conjugate, harmonic functions, Cauchy- Rehmunn equations (in Cartesian and polar coordinates). Line integrals, Green‟s theorem, Cauchy' theorem, Chauchy's integral formula, singularities, poles, residues and contour integration and applications. RECOM ENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by Thomas & Finny, 10th Edition Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by Howard Anton, 7th Ed Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by S.M. Yousaf Calculus & Analytical Geometry, by Skowsky, 6th Edition.

PHY-1205

MARKETING

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PHY-1206

BASIC LAB-II

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: ELECTROMAGNETISM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Experiment with transmission lines Measurement of transistor hybrid parameters Transistor pulse –circuitry (three types of flip flop and the Schmidt trigger circuit). Design of L.F.R.C coupled amplifier and a study of its characteristics. Earth‟s Magnetic field Magnetic field of single coils /Biot savarts law Magnetic moment in the magnetic field Hall Effect voltage with variation of current applied to the system using Helmholtz coil. To find the energy loss per cycle for a specimen by drawing BH-curve To study the characteristics of a SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device).

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SEMESTER- III Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY -2301

Electromagnetism-II

3

PHY -2302

Waves & Optics (F)

3

PHY -2303

Linear Algebra or (As offered by the Dept.) (G)

3

PHY -2304

Modern Physics (F)

3

PHY -2305

Numerical Analysis or (As offered by the Dept.) (G)

2

PHY -2306

Basic Lab-III (F)

3 Total

17

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PHY-2301

ELECTROMAGNETISM-II

Brief review of electrostatic and magnetostatics laws: Maxwell‟s Theory Electromagnetism: Maxwell‟s field equation equations, Vector and scalar potentials, gauge transformations, Conservation laws, Macroscopic electromagnetism. Electromagnetic Waves: Electromagnetic Waves vacuum, Electromagnetic waves in matter, Absorption and dispersion. Potential and fields: The potential formulation, continuous distributions, point charges, radiations, Lienard- Wiechert potentials. Relativistic Formulation of Electromagnetism: Relativistic kinematics; generalization of Maxwell‟s equations, Fieldtheoretic approach and quantization concepts, Comments on quantum electrodynamics and beyond. RECOMKNDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics (2nd Ed) J.D Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, Third Edition (Wiley,1999) Corson and Lorrain Electrodynamics Fields & Waves 3rd edition.

PHY-2302

WAVES & OPTICS

Oscillating systems, simple harmonic oscillator, simple harmonic motion, Energy in SHM, Applications of SHM, SHM and uniform circular motion, Damped oscillations, Forced oscillation and resonance. Two body oscillations, Types of waves, Traveling waves, wave speed on stretched string, The wave equation, Energy in wave motion, the principle of Superposition, Interference of waves, standing waves, standing waves and resonance, properties of sound waves, Travelling sound waves and speed of sound, power and intensity of sound waves, Interference of sound waves, Standing longitudinal waves, vibrating systems and sources of sounds, beats, The Doppler effect, The electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, The speed of light, refraction and reflection of light, Total internal reflection, The Doppler effect for light, Image formation by mirrors and lenses, plane mirror, spherical mirror, spherical refracting surfaces, lenses, optical instrument, Two-source interference, interference in thin films, Michelson‟s interferometer, Diffraction and wave theory of light, single slit diffraction, Intensity in double slit diffraction, Diffraction at a circular aperture, Double- slit interference and diffraction combined, Multiple slits, diffraction grating, dispersion and resolving power, X-ray diffraction, Polarization of electromagnetic waves, polarizing sheets, Polarization by reflection, Double refraction, Circular polarization, polarization by scattering. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Hallidy, Resnick and Krane, Physics, 5th ed. Vol.1, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2002 Roger A. Freedman Hugh D. University Physics, 11th ed., Ben.-Cumm,Inc. Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientist and Engineers 6th ed. John Wiley and Sons.

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LINEAR ALGEBRA

PHY-2303

System of Linear Equations: Basic concepts. Standard matrix form, Inverse of matrix, Matrix operations, Elementary row and column operation Echelon & Reduce Echelon form System of homogeneous & non- homogeneous linear equations (Gauss Elimination and GaussJordan). Application of linear equations, Linear Dependence & Independence sets of vectors, Linear Transformations. Vector spaces: Definitions, Properties of vector spaces, vector spaces and subspaces, Basic, Dimensions of vector space, Eigen vector & Eigen value, Characteristic Equations, Eigen vectors and Linear Transformations, Inner Product, Length and Orthogonality sets, Gram Schmidt process, Inner Product Spaces. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Linear algebra and its application (3rd edition) by David C. Lay. Advance Engineering Mathematics by Ervin KAREYZIG, 9th Edition. Elementary Linear Algebra (8th edition) by ANTON.

PHY-2304

MODERN PHYSICS

Motivation for Non--Classical Physics, Quantum interference, blackbody radiation and ultraviolet catastrophe, Planck's quantization. Wave-Particle Duality, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, production and properties of X-rays, diffraction of X-rays, concept of matter waves, de Broglie relationship, electrons are waves, electron diffraction, particulate nature of matter, contributions of Faraday (atoms exist), Thomson (electron exists), Rutherford (nucleus exists) and Bohr (quantization of energies inside an atom), wave packets and wave groups, dispersion, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, direct confirmation of quantization through Franck-Hertz experiment and spectroscopy, working of electron microscopes. Nuclear Structure, Size and structure of nucleus, nuclear forces, radioactivity and nuclear reactions, radiocarbon dating. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses and C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Brooks Cole, 3rd ed. 2004. Paul A. Tipler and Ralph A. Llewellyn, “Modern Physics”, W H Freeman and Company 6th ed. 2012. Arthur Beiser, “Concepts of Modern Physics”, McGraw-Hill, 6th ed. 2002. R. M. Eisberg and R. Resnick, “Quantum Physics of Atoms, molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles”, John Wiley, 2nd ed. 2002.

PHY-2305

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Numerical computation, Measures of error, finite precision arithmetic and associated pitfalls, round off error, truncation error, computational complexity, Non- Linear equations in one variable, Bisection method, Newton‟s Method, Secant Method, Roots of Polynomials, multiple roots, complex roots, factoring, Applications, System of linear equations, Gauss elimination with back substitution, Complexity of Gauss elimination, LU decomposition, Eigen Values, Iterative methods for Linear equations, interpolation and approximation, polynomial interpolation, cubic splines, least square polynomial approximation, numerical differentiation, Trapezoidal and Simpson‟s Rules, Romberg Integration, Gaussian Quadrature, solution of ordinary differential equation, Euler‟s Method, Runge-Kuta Method, step-size control time permitting, multi-step methods time permitting.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Richard L. brden, J. Dauglas Faires, Numerical Analysis 9th Ed. Cengage Learning, 2011. Timothy Sauer, Numerical Analysis 9th Ed., 2007. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, “An introduction to Numerical Analysis”, Ilmi kitab Khana Lahore.

PHY-2306

BASIC LAB-III

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: LIST A (ELECTROMAGNETISM) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Magnetic induction. Inductance of solenoid. Capacitor in AC circuit. Rectifier circuits. RC Filters. High-pass & low-pass filters. RLS measuring bridge. Resistance, phase shift and power in AC circuits. To plot I-H curve for a material by a magnetometer. Also determine magnetic constants for that material. To determine charge sensitivity of Ballistic galvanometer. To compare capacitances of two capacitors by Ballistic galvanometer.

LIST B (OPTICS) 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

To determine wavelength of sodium light by Fresnel‟s biprism. To determine wavelength of sodium light by diffracting grating using spectrometer. To determine resolving power of diffracting grating rings. To determine the diameter of lycopodium particles by corona rings. To determine specific rotation of sugar (glucose) by polarimeter. To measure vertical distance between two inaccessible points (height of an inaccessible object) by extant.

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SEMESTER- IV Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY -2401

Thermodynamics (F)

3

PHY -2402

Introduction to Quantum Physics (F)

3

PHY -2403

Arabic or (As offered by the Dept.) (G)

2

PHY -2404

Physical Chemistry (G)

3

PHY -2405

Bio Photonics (G)

3

PHY -2406

Basic Lab-IV (F)

3 Total

17

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PHY-2401

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM PHYSICS

Quantum Mechanics in One Dimension: The concept of a wave function, time independent Schrodinger equation and interpretation of the equation, solving the Schrodinger equation for a free particle, for a particle inside an infinite box, relationship between confinement and quantization, working of a CCD camera. Quantum Mechanical Tunneling: Concept of tunneling, reflection and transmission of wave functions from barriers, applications: radioactivity, scanning tunneling microscope, decay of black holes. Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions: The Hydrogen atom, orbitals, angular momentum and its quantization, orbital magnetism, Zeeman effect, concept of spin, Pauli‟s exclusion principle, Building of the periodic table, magnetic resonance and MRI, why is iron magnetic? White dwarfs, and neutron stars. From Atoms to Molecules and Solids: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, molecular orbitals, how crystals are different from amorphous solids? Why and how do metals conduct electricity? Bands in solids, semiconductors, introduction to LED's and lasers, introducing grapheme. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses and C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”,Brooks Cole, 3 rd ed. 2004. Paul A.Tipler and Ralph A. Llewellyn, “Modern Physics”, W H Freeman and Company 6th ed. 2012. Arthur Beiser, “Concepts of Modern Physics”, McGraw-Hill, 6th ed. 2002. R. M. Eisberg and R. Resnick, “Quantum Physics of Atoms, molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles”, John Wiley, 2nd ed. 2002.

PHY-2402

THERMODYNAMICS

Temperature, concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium, temperature scales, measuring temperature, Thermal expansion, Ideal Gas, Molecular properties of Gases. The atomic nature of matter, a molecular view of pressure, the mean free path, the distribution of molecular speeds and molecular energies, Equation of state, intermolecular forces, concepts of Heat, The first law of thermodynamics. Heat capacity and specific heat, work done on or by an ideal gas, the internal energy of an ideal gas, heat capacity of an ideal gas, Application of first law of thermodynamics, one-way processes, Defining entropy change, entropy change for reversible processes, The second law of thermodynamics, entropy and the performance of engines and refrigerators, the efficiencies of real Engines, The second law revisted, A statistical Review of entropy. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Halliday, Resnick and Krane, “physics” 5th Ed., Vol 1, John Wiley and Sons. Roger A. Freedman Hugh D. “University Physics”, 11th Ed., Ben.-Cumm., Pub Serway and Jewett, “Physics for Scientists and Engineers 6th Ed.”, John Wiley and Sons.

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‫‪PHY-2403‬‬

‫‪ARABIC‬‬ ‫ادلرساالول‬ ‫٭‬

‫رعیباافلظ‪،‬اعمین۔‬

‫٭‬

‫املکتااہفتسم‪،‬معن‪ ،‬لب‪،‬اکاامعتسلواہلثم‬

‫اامسےئاشاراتاناکاامعتسل‪،‬اثمںیل‬

‫امس‪،‬لعف‪،‬رحف‪،‬یکرعتافیت‪،‬اثمںیل‬

‫ادلرسااثلین‬ ‫٭‬

‫اافلظاعمین‪،‬امضئریکااسقم‬

‫امضئرہلصتمرعیبولمجںںیماامعتسل‪،‬قشم‬

‫ادلرسااثلل‬ ‫٭‬

‫اافلظ‪،‬اعمین‬

‫السیل‪،‬لیست‪،‬رحوفیفنیکرعتافیتواہلثم‬

‫رمبکااضیف‪،‬رعتفی۔اہلثم‬

‫رعیبےلمج‪،‬ئرہمج‪،‬قشم‬ ‫ادلرسااسلدس‬ ‫٭‬

‫وادح‪،‬عمج‬

‫وقادععمجرسکماوراثمںیل‪،‬قشم‬

‫عمجیکااسقماوراثمںیل‬

‫ادلرسااسلعب‬ ‫٭‬

‫لعفامیض‪،‬رعتفیاملکت‬

‫وقادعلعفامیض‪،‬واہلثم‪،‬قشم‬

‫لعفامیضیکاثمںیل‬

‫ادلرسااثلنم‬ ‫٭‬

‫لعفاضمرع‪،‬املکت‬

‫وقادعلعفاضمرع‪،‬اکمہمل۔قشم‬

‫لعفاضمرع‪،‬واہلثم‬

‫ادلرسااتلعس‬ ‫٭‬

‫لعففنصمواملکت‬

‫وقادعلعففنصمواثمںیل۔قشم‬

‫لعففنصمواہلثم‬

‫ادلرسااعلرش‬ ‫٭‬

‫لعفحیحص‪،‬لعفلتعم‪،‬املکت‬

‫وقادع‪،‬قشم‬

‫لعفحیحص‪،‬لعفلتعم‪،‬اثمںیل۔‬

‫ادلرسااحلدیرشع‬ ‫٭‬

‫ذمرکومن‪،‬املکت‬

‫ل‬ ‫اامسءا خمستہ‪،‬قشم‬

‫ذمرکومن‪،‬اثمںیل۔‬

‫ادلرسااثلینرشع‬ ‫٭‬

‫ادعاد‬

‫ادعادواہلثم‬

‫ادلرسااثللرشعہ‬ ‫٭‬

‫مک۔ایاوراناکاامعتسل‬

‫ای۔مکاہلثم‬

‫ادلرسارلاعبرشعہ‬ ‫٭‬

‫امسافلع‪،‬املکت‬

‫ادلرسااخلزمرشعہ‬ ‫ع لجلس‬ ‫ا ضااءا م‬ ‫٭‬ ‫ادلرسااسلدسرشعہ‬ ‫٭‬

‫املکتواہلثم‬

‫ادلرسااسلعبرشعہ‬ ‫٭‬

‫ہلمجاہیمسوہلمجہیلعف‬

‫‪31 of 61‬‬

‫اثمںیل‪،‬ےلمج‬ ‫ےلمج‪،‬اثمںیل‬

‫وقادعوادعاد‬

‫وقعدواہلثم‬

‫اخمرجارحلوف‬،‫رمقہی‬،‫رحوفشمستہ‬،‫رحوفیقلح‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا ممررضتہ‬،‫امالمجالضتااء‬،‫ُداع‬

‫ادلرسااشلنمرشعہ‬ ‫رحوف َمدہ‬،‫رحوفالہجلااء‬ ‫٭‬ ‫ادلرسااتلعسرشعہ‬ ‫االنادیشااتخملرہ‬

‫٭‬

‫ٹسکیٹ ُ لبااسللنارعلیب۔العہماابقلاونپویوینریٹساالسمآنلادنااتسکن‬

PHY-2404

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Bohrs atomic model and its defects dual nature of electron , Compton effect, Schrodinger equation of particle in one and three dimension box, Gauss law, kinetic gauss equation, Vander walls equation, critical phenomenon, liquid identification of gases, specific heat (molar heat capacity), surface tension, viscosity, osmic pressure, BH buffer solution, Spectrophotometry, Basic concepts of colloid chemistry, classification, purification (dialysis), chemical thermodynamics, Hess‟s law, Heat reaction, Relation between H and U measurement of heat reaction, Bomb calorimeter, laws of electrolysis, E.M.F. series, corrosion (Theories , inhibition and protection), Types of bonds, Orbital hybridization, Metallic bonding, Hydrogen bonding, Laws of thermodynamics, entropy, Carnot cycle, properties and generation composition of metals and alloys such as iron, copper, Aluminum, chromium, zinc, uses in engineering field, inorganic chemistry of engineering materials: cement, Glass. Organic Engineering Materials: polymers, Rubbers, Plastics, Paints, Semiconductors and Dielectric materials, Le- chastiser‟s principle, Law of mass action, Applications. RECOMENDED BOOKS 1. Peter W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, W.H. freeman Company,2001 2. Gordon M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry, 5th edition , Tata McGraw-Hill Co.,1994 3. Ghulam Nabi, Physical Chemistry, Ilmi Kitab Khana Urdu Bazar Lahore, 1998.

PHY-2405

BIO PHOTONICS

Review of Optics, geometric optics, wave optics, radiometry and fiber optics. Optical instrument: microscope grating spectrometer, Polarimetry, Optical properties of tissueabsorption and scattering. Monte Carlo simulation, Beer‟s law optical phase function, Spectroscopy: Light matter interaction, theoretical models, Applications of theoretical models, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Optical Coherence tomography, Fluorescence and Fluorescence recovery, Confocal microscopy, fiber optic sensors, Medical imaging. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Prasad, Introduction to Biophotonic E. Collett, Polarized Light: Fundamentals and applications V. V. Tuchin, Optical Polarization in biomedical applications

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PHY-2406

OPTICS LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

To prove the Rutherford law of scattering of charged particles. Measurement of the spectrum of gamma rays from a radioisotope and study of their phenomenon and Compton absorption. To examine the stopping-power of various substances for thermal neutrons. Determination of the charge on an electron (e) by Millikan‟s method. Fabry-Perot interferometer used as a gas refractometer. Nuclear magnetic resonance (N.M.R.) of protons in water. Determination of range of alpha particles. Stopping power for alpha particles in air equivalent of Mica, Ag, Cu and Al. Absorption co-efficient of alpha particles using as electroscope. Characteristic curves of Geiger Muller counter. Absorption co-efficient of Beta and gamma rays using G.M. Counter.

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SEMESTER-V Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY- 3501

Method of Mathematical Physics-I (M)

3

PHY- 3502

Classical Mechanics (M)

3

PHY- 3503

Basic Electronics (M)

3

PHY- 3504

Electromagnetic Theory-I (M)

3

PHY- 3505

Physics Lab-I (M) (Electronics)

3 Total

15

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PHY-3501

METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I

Advanced vector and tensor analysis: Transformation Properties of Vectors, Gradient, Divergence and Curl of Vectors, Vector Integration, Line, Surface and Volume Integration, Gauss's Theorem, Stokes Theorem and Green's Theorem, Dirac Delta Function, Vector Analysis in Curved Coordinates, Tensor Analysis. COMPLEX VARIABLES: Analytic Functions, Types of Functions, Type of Singularities, Branch Cut, Branch Points, Theorem of Moreira, Maximum Modulus Theorem, Cauchy-Rieman Condition, Taylor and Laurent‟s Series, Complex Integration, Cauchy's Theorem, Cauchy's Integral Formula, Residue Theorem, Examples of Integration. MATRICES: Linear Vector Spaces, Orthogonal System, Linear Transformation of Bases and Operators, Matrices (basic definitions), Orthogonal Matrices, Hermitian and Unitary Matrices, Diagonalization of Matrices, Solution of EigenValue Problems. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Edition, George Arfiken, Mathematical Physics, Bukove, Addison-Wesley Mathematical Methods of Physics, News and Walker. Mathematical Physics, Gupta, Vikas Publication Vector Analysis with applications to Geometry and Physics, Schwartz, Green and Rutledge, Harper and Ron. Complex Variables and Applications, Churchill, Mc-Graw Hill Company. Vector Analysis; Rawat. Introduction to Tensor Calculus & Relativity, Lader

PHY-3502

CLASSICAL MECHANICS

Classical mechanics: Survey of Newtonian Mechanics of a Single and System of Particles, Constraints, D-Alembert's Principle, Lagrange's Equations and its Applications, Calculus of Variation and Hamilton's Principle, Derivation of Lagrange's Equation from Hamilton's Principle, Two Body Central Force Problem and its Reduction to the Equivalent one Body, Problem, The Equation of Motion and Solution for one Body. The Kepler Laws, Laboratory and Center of Mass Co-ordinate Systems and Their Mutual Transformation, Rutherford Scattering Formula, Legendre Transformation and Hamilton Equation of Motion, Cyclic Coordinates, Conservation Theorems and Physical Significance of The Hamiltonian For Simple Cases, The Canonical Transformation and Their Examples, The Lagrange's and The Poisson's Brackets, Liouville Theorem Small Oscillations and Normal Modes. THE KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODY MOTION: Rotations in Three Dimension, Orthogonal Transformation, Euler Angles, Coriolis Force. SPECIAL RELATIVITY: Michelson-Morley Experiment, Einstein's Postulates of Relativity, Lorentz Transformation, Geometry of Space and Time, Addition of Velocities, Kinetic Energy of Relativistic Particles, Mass Energy Relation, Momentum of Relativistic Particles, Energy Equation of Charge Particle Including Electromagnetic Potential, Orthogonal Transformation in three Dimensions, Lorentz Transformation as Orthogonal Transformation. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

Classical Mechanics; H. Goldstein Classical Dynamics of Particles and System; M. Thornton

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3. 4. 5.

Introduction to Classical Mechanics with Problems and Solutions; Morin. Special theory of Relativity (French), Books pipe and Harwell Classical Mechanics; Carbon and Steel.

PHY- 3503

BASIC ELECTRONICS

Electrical concepts and theorems: Basic Electrical Concepts (Ohm & Kirchhoff Laws), Circuit Elements (Active & Passive) Behaviors, Transformer (Introduction), Wave Filters (Low & High),) Acceptor & Rejecter Circuit, Differentiator & Integrator, Circuit Theorems (Thevenin, Norton, Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems, DC Analysis Only). Semiconductor diode characteristics and applications: PN-Junction Diode, Ideal and Real Behavior and Characteristics, Junction Capacitance, Reverse Recovery Time, Frequency Response, Temperature Effect, Diode as a Rectifier, Half Wave, Full Wave and Bridge Rectifier, Smoothing Circuit, Diode Clipper and Clampers, Zener Diode, Voltage Regulation. BJT characteristics and dc biasing: BJT, Transistor Characteristics as CBC, CEC, CCC, Transistor Voltage Amplification, Transistor Biasing, Fixed Current Bias, Collector-to-Base Bias, Emitter Current Bias, Temperature Effect, Q-Point Operation, Graphical Analysis, Small Signal Analysis, codes and logic gates: Codes, BCD, Octal and Hexa-Decimal Codes, Excess-3 Code, Alphanumeric Codes, Parity In Codes, Code Detection and Correction, Gray Code, Logic Gates (OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, Ex-OR) and Their Truth Tables. Boolean algebra and combinational logic circuits: Boolean Algebra Fundamentals, Boolean Theorems, DE Morgan‟s Theorems, NAND-NOR Gate Design, SOP & POS Expression, Simplifying Logic Circuits, Algebraic Simplification, Designing Combinational Logic Circuits. Flip-flops, counters, registers and memory: Flip-Flops (NAND-NOR gate latch), Clocked Flip-Flop, Clocked S-C, J-K, D-, T-Flip-Flop, Monostable and Astable Multivibrators. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Electronics Devices (7Ed Conventional Current Version); Floyd L. Thomos. Digital Fundamentals 8th ED; Floyd L. Thomos Digital Systems Principles and Applications 10th Ed. Tocci Ronald J. Electronic Devices and Circuits 4th Ed. Bell D.A. Electronic Devices and Circuit theory; Nashelsky L. and Boylested R.

PHY- 3504

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY-I

Electrostatic fields: Review of Coulomb's law, Field intensity, Electric Potential Gauss's law, Field and potential due to a charge distribution, Dipole. Linear quadrupole and multipole due to charge distribution, Coefficient of capacitance and inductance, Potential energy of a charge distribution, Energy density in an electric field, forces on conductors. Dielectrics: The electric polarization, Electric displacement D, Electric susceptibility, The dielectric coefficient, Calculation of Electrostatic field involving dielectrics, Dielectric sphere with a point charge at its center, Calussius Mossotti equation, Potential energy of a charge Distribution in the presence of dielectrics, Laplace and Poisson's equation, Boundary conditions, Uniqueness theorem, Images for plane and spherical surface, Images in dielectrics, Charge near a semiinfinite dielectric, Solution of Laplace's equation for Rectangular and Spherical systems. Magnetic fields of steady currents: Magnetic forces, Magnetic induction, The Biot-Savart law and its Applications, The Lorentz force on a point charge moving in a magnetic field, parallel

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plate magnetron, the divergence of the magnetic induction B, the vector potential A, Equation of continuity, Divergence of vector potential, The Curl of magnetic Induction, The Ampere's circuital law and its applications, Magnetic scalar potential, Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop, Ampere Circuital law and the Scalar potential. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Ed; Griffths Electromagnetic Field and Waves, Lorrain and Corson Electromagnetism, Reitz and Milford. Electromagnetism with Applications, Lorrain and Corson The Physics of Electricity & Magnetism, Scott. Classical Electrodynamics, Jackson

PHY- 3505

PHYSICS LAB-I

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

Design and Construction of Wave shaping circuits (Integrator, Differentiator, Clipper and Clamper) and study of their characteristics. Study of a PN-junction diode characteristics and construction of half wave and full wave (center tapped and bridge) circuits and study of their characteristics with load resistance and filters Design of a low tension regulated power supply using fixed and variable voltage regulators. Draw BJT (Bipolar junction transistor) I/P and O/P characteristics in CE and CB configuration and Derivation of I/P and O/P parameters. Design and construction of a single stage common emitter transistor amplifier and measurement of Input / Output Impedance and frequency response curve. Design and construction of Operational amplifier with 741 IC and study its characteristics and functions Design and construction of discrete AND, OR, NOT (invertor), NAND and NOR Logic Gate circuits and verify their truth tables using discrete components and 74LS00 and 74LS03 ICs for the same purposes. Design and construction of a Monostable, Astable and Bistable Multivibrators and study of their characteristics using IC and discrete components.

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SEMESTER- VI Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY- 3601

Method of Mathematical Physics-II (M)

3

PHY- 3602

Electromagnetic Theory-II (M)

3

PHY- 3603

Solid State Physics (M)

3

PHY- 3604

Atomic Physics (M)

3

PHY- 3605

Physics Lab -II (Solid State Physics) (M)

3 Total

15

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PHY- 3601

METHOD OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II

Fourier series: Definition of Fourier Series, Example of Fourier Series, Fourier Sine and Cosine Series, Complex Form of Fourier Series, point wise and mean convergence of Fourier series, Applications of Fourier series. Fourier transform: Integral Transforms, Fourier Transforms of Derivatives, Fourier Sine Transform, Fourier Cosine Transform, Fourier Transformation of Generalized Functions, Fourier Transform and its Properties, Connection Between Laplace and Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, its Properties and Applications. Special functions: Partial Differential Equations of Theoretical Physics, Separation of Variables, Singular Points, Series Solutions, Forbenius Method, Non-Homogenous Equation, Gamma Function (Definitions and Simple Properties), Beta Function, Bessel Function of First Kind, Bessel Function of Second Kind, Fourier Bessel Series, Generating Functions of Legendre Functions, Recurrence Relations and Special Properties, Spherical Harmonics, Green‟s Functions. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Edition, George Arfiken, Mathematical Physics, Bukove, Addison-Wesley Mathematical Methods of Physics, News and Walker. Mathematical Physics, Gupta, Vikas Publication Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Skolonihoff Fundamental of Mathematical Physics, Krout E. A.

PHY- 3602

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY-II

Induced electromotance and magnetic energy: Faraday's Induction Law, Induced Electromotance in a Moving System, Inductance and Induced Electromotance, Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field, Self–Inductance for a Volume Distribution of Current, Magnetic Force between two Currents. Magnetic Torque. Magnetic materials: The Magnetic Polarization Vector M, The Magnetic Induction B from Polarized Magnetic Material at an Exterior Point, at an Interior Point, Magnetic Field Intensity H, Hysteresis, Boundary Conditions, Magnetic Field Calculations. Propagation of plane electromagnetic waves in matter: Maxwell's Equation in Differential and Integral Forms, Electromagnetic Waves in a Free Space, The Poynting Vector, The E and H Vectors in Homogeneous, Isotropic Linear and Stationary Media, Propagation of Plane Electromagnetic Wave in Non-Conducting and Conducting Media, Propagation of Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Ionized Gases. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Ed; Griffths Electromagnetic Field and Waves, Lorrain and Corson Electromagnetism, Reitz and Milford. Electromagnetism with Applications, Lorrain and Corson The Physics of Electricity & Magnetism, Scott. Classical Electrodynamics, Jackson.

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PHY- 3603

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Crystal structure: Lattices (Bravais and Non-Bravais Lattices), Primitive and Non Primitive Unit Cell, Wigner-Seitz Unit Cell, Symmetry and Symmetry Operations, Miller Indices and Planes, Classification of Lattices, 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Lattices, (Nacl, Cscl, Zns and Diamond Lattices), Reciprocal Lattice. Crystal diffraction: Bragg's law, Von-Laue equation, Experimental techniques of X-ray diffraction (Laue method, Rotating crystal method, Powder method), Electron diffraction, Neutron diffraction. Crystal binding: Covalent Bonding, Metallic Bonding, Hydrogen Bonding, Ionic Bonding, Cohesive Energy of Ionic Crystals, Van-der-Waals Bonding, Van-Der-Waals London Interaction. Semiconductor crystals: Crystal Structure and Bonding, Band Structure, Band Structure of Semiconductors, Impurity States, Donor States Accepter States, Holes, Effective Mass, Intrinsic Carrier Concentration (Law of Mass Action), Hall Effect. Lattice vibrations: Dynamics of OneDimensional Monoatomic Linear Lattice, Dynamics of One-Dimensional Diatomic Linear Lattice, Physical Difference Between Optical and Acoustic Branches, Excitation of Optical Branch, Quantization of Elastic Waves Phonons, Phonon Momentum. Specific heat of solids: Lattice Heat Capacity, Dulong and Petit Law for Specific Heat of Solids, Einstein Model of Specific Heat of Solids, Debye Model of Specific Heat of Solids with High and Low Temperature Limitations. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction to Solid State Physics (6th edition), C. Kittel. An Introduction to Solid State Physics and its Applications, R. J Elliot and A. F. Gibson; ELBS and Macmillan. Elementary Solid State Physics, Ali Omar. Solid State Physics, Neil W. Ashcroft & N David Marmin. Solid State Physics, J. S. Blackmore; W. B. Saunders.

PHY- 3604

ATOMIC PHYSICS

Atomic models: Thompson Model, Rutherford Model, Rutherford Scattering Formula, Nuclear Dimensions and Electron Orbits. Atomic structure and atomic spectra: Bohr Theory of Atomic Structure and Atomic Spectra, Correspondence Principle Correction for Nuclear Motion, Frank Hertz Experiment, Somerfield Elliptic Orbits, Relativity Correction and Hydrogen Fine Structure, Vector Model of the Atom, Space Quantization, Stern Gerlach Experiment, Orbital Angular Momentum, Spin Angular Momentum, Total Angular Momentum, Orbital and Spin Magnetic Moments, Magnetic Quantum Numbers, Pauli's Exclusion Principle, Distribution of Electrons in an Atom, Spectral Notations, Relative Intensity Measurements. Coupling Scheme (LS and JJ Coupling), Zeeman Effect (Normal and Ananolous), Spectra of Two Electrons Atom, Inner Core Electron Spectra (X-Rays), Stark Effect. Quantum theory of radiation: The Failure of Classical Physics to Describe Atomic Phenomena, Emission and Absorption of Thermal Radiation, Classical Theory of Thermal Radiation and Its Failure, Planks's Quantum Theory of Thermal Radiation. Waves and particles: de-Brogli's Hypothesis, Diffraction of Electron and Neutron, Velocity of the De-Brogli Wave, Group Velocity and Phase Velocity, Photoelectric Effect, Compton Effect and Pair Production.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Concept of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 4th Ed Physics of Atoms and Molecules, B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain Atomic Spectra, White, Elements of Spectroscopy, S. L. Gupta, V Kumar and C. Sharma 9th Ed.

PHY- 3605

PHYSICS LAB -II (SOLID STATE PHYSICS)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

To investigate the Hall Effect in semiconductor or in metal and to draw the graph between Hall voltage and current. To verify the Bragg's law for X-ray diffraction by using the rock salt crystal. To expose the Van-Laue pattern of LiF on X-ray film To determine the dielectric constant of solid by capacitor method. (a) To study the characteristics of photocell. (b) To study the characteristics of thermistor. To determine the energy gap in Silicon or Germanium. To find the crystal structure of graphite by electron diffraction. To study the thermoelectric effect by using the heat pump. To study the crystal lattice structure of tungsten by Field Emission Microscope. To measurement the resistivity & conductivity of metals & non-metals.

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SEMESTER-VII Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY- 4701

Nuclear Physics

3

PHY- 4702

Quantum Mechanics–I

3

PHY- 4703

Computational Physics

3

PHY- 4704

Physics Lab -III (Nuclear Physics)

3

PHY-47(5-7)

Elective Course–I

3

PHY-4708 / PHY-47(09-15)

Final Year Project/ Optional course

3 Total

18

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PHY- 4701

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Basic properties: Proton-Electron Theory of the Nucleus, Proton-Neutron Theory of the Nucleus, Size, Mass, Binding Energy, Dipole and Quadruple Moments (Electric) Parity and Statistics of Nuclei: particle detectors and accelerators: Passage of Charged Particles Through Matter, Energy Loss and Stopping Power, G.M Counter, Proportional Counter, Ionization Chamber, Semiconductor Detector, Scintillation Counter. Linear Accelerator, Betatron, Cyclotron. Radioactivity: Introduction to Radioactivity, Laws of Radioactive Disintegrations, Theory of Alpha Decay, Alpha-Ray Spectra, Introduction to Classical Theory of Beta Decay, Non Conservation of Parity in Beta Decay, Neutrino Hypothesis, Introduction to GammaDecay. Nuclear forces (introductory): Two Body Problem, Ground State of Deuteron, Spin Dependence and Charge Independence of Nuclear Force, Yukawa Theory. Nuclear reactions: Conservation Laws of Nuclear- Reactions, Q-Value and Threshold Energy, Theory of Compound Nucleus, Nuclear Cross-Section, Reaction Induced by Photons, Protons, Deuterons and Alpha Particles, Nuclear Fission, (Symmetric & Asymmetric) & Fusion. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Nuclear physics, D.G.Tyal. Nuclear physics, K.S. Krane Nuclear physics 2nd ED Kaplan. A text book of nuclear physics, Smith. Theoretical nuclear physics, Belatt and Weisskoff. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, H-Enge.

PHY- 4702

QUANTUM MECHANICS

Operators and Eigen functions: Observables and Operators, Eigen Functions and Eigen Values, The Measurements in Quantum Mechanics, The State Function and Expectation Values, Orthogonal Systems, Completeness of Eigen Functions, Hermitian Operator, Simultaneous Eigen Functions and The Commutator, The Parity Operator, The Fundamental Commutation Rule and The Uncertainty Principle, Ehrenfest Theorem, Correspondence Principle. Formulation of quantum mechanics: Wave Particle Duality, Wave Packets, Uncertainty Principle and the Related Gedenken Experiment, Wave Function for a Free Particle, Schrödinger Equation, Interpretation of Wave Function, Probability Density and Probability Current. Application of schrödinger equation: Application of Schrödinger Equation for one Dimensional Problems, Potential Step, Potential Barrier and Tunneling, Rectangular Potential-Well, Linear Harmonic Oscillator. Spherically symmetric systems: The Schrödinger Equation for Spherically Symmetric Potentials, Degeneracy, Angular Momentum, Many Particle System, the Hydrogen Atom. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introductory Quantum Mechanics 4th ED, Richard Liboff. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 2nd ED, David Griffith. Modern Quantum Mechanics. Sakurai. Quantum Mechanics, S-Gasiorowiz. Quantum Mechanics, Gupta. Quantum Mechanics, Powell and Grasemann.

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PHY- 4703

COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

A brief introduction of the computer languages and known software packages of computation. Numerical solution of equation, Regression and interpretation, Numerical integration and differentiation. Error analysis and techniques for elimination of systematic and random errors. Conceptual models. The mathematical models, random numbers, Computer simulations, relationship of modeling and simulation. Some systems of interest for Physicist such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler‟ problems. Oscillatory motions, Many particle systems, Dynamical systems. Wave phenomena. Field of static charges and current, Diffusion, Population genetics. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

M. L. De Jong, “Introduction to Computational Physics”, Adision Wely Publishing Company Inc. S. T. Koonini, “Computational Physics”, The Benjamin/Cumming Publishing Inc. H. Gould and J. Tobochmik, “An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods”, Adision Weley.

PHY- 6304

PHYSICS LAB -III (NUCLEAR PHYSICS)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

To draw the G M Tube's characteristics To find the dead time of a G M Tube. To study the exponential decrease in the intensity of gamma rays with thickness and determination of the linear absorption coefficient and mass absorption coefficient of lead. To study the statistics fluctuation in emission of gamma rays and to compare the theoretical and experimental curve. Determination of range of Alpha particles using solid state detector. Determination of the maximum energy of beta - particles. Determination of half-life of thoron gas To verify the inverse square law of Nuclear radiations. Detection of g-rays by sodium iodide (NaI) detector system

PHY-4705

ELECTRONICS-I

Alternating source & application: Sinusoidal Voltage & Current, Phase Angle, Complex Impedance, Basic Element of AC Circuit, Power & Power Factor, Power Factor correction, Three wire distributaries system, Complex Network Analysis, (KVL, KCL, Thevenin, Norton and Superposition Theorem). Fourier methods of waveform analysis: Trigonometric & Exponential Fourier Series, Waveform Symmetry, Laplace Transform & Its Application to Circuit Analysis. Initial and Final Value Theorem and Its Application to Circuits. Field effect transistor: n-Channel JFET and its Characteristics, p-Channel JFET and its Characteristics, FET Voltage Amplification, JFET Construction, MOSFET and Power MOSFET. Optoelectronics and three terminal semiconductor devices: Photodiodes, Photoconductive Cells, LED, Solar Cell, Thermistor, Schottky Barrier Diode, Varactor Diode, Tunnel Diode, Laser Diode SCR, DIAC, TRIAC and Their Characteristics. Light Activated SCR, Shockley Diode. Large signal amplifier: Class a Amplifier, Transformer-Coupled Power Amp., Class-B

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Amp., Operation and Circuits, Classes of Amp. Operations and Distortion, Power Transistor Heat Sinking. Transiting modeling and multistage system: Transistor Modeling, Transistors Hybrid Equivalent Circuit, re-Model, Graphical Determination of the h-parameters, General Cascaded system, RC-Coupled Amplifier, Transformer Coupled Transistor Amplifier, Direct Coupled Transistor Amplifier, Cascaded Amplifier. Application of operational amplifier and frequency response: Inverting and Non-Inverting Op-Amp., Summing Amplifier, Comparator Voltage Follower, Active Filter, Integrator, Differentiator, Op-Amp. Circuit Stability, Frequency and Phase Response, Frequency Compensation, Circuit Bandwidth, Circuit Stability Precautions. Integrated circuits(ic‟s): IC‟s Recent development in IC‟s, Monolithic IC Fabrication Procedures and Techniques, Hybrid IC‟s. Analog and Digital IC‟s. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Electronics Devices (7Ed Conventional Current Version); Floyd L. Thomos. Digital Fundamentals 8th ED; Floyd L. Thomos Digital Systems Principles and Applications 10th Ed. Tocci Ronald J. Electronic Devices and Circuits 4th Ed. Bell D.A. Electronic Devices and Circuit theory; Nashelsky L. and Boylested R.

PHY-4706

SOLID STATE PHYSICS-I

Free electron fermi gas: Energy Levels and Density of Orbital in one Dimension, Effect of Temperature on The Fermi-Dirac Distribution, Free Electron Gas in Three Dimensions, Heat Capacity of the Electron Gas, Experimental Heat Capacity of Metals, Electrical Conductivity and Ohm's Law, Experimental Electrical Resistivity of Metals, Motion in Magnetic Fields, Hall Effect, Thermal Conductivity of Metals, Ratio of Thermal to Electrical Conductivity. Energy bands: Nearly Free Electron Model, Origin of the Energy Gap, Magnitude of the Energy Gap, Bloch Functions, Kronig-Penney Model, Wave Equation of Electron in Periodic Potential, Restatement of the Bloch Theorem, Crystal Momentum of an Electron, Solution of the Central Equation, Empty Lattice Approximation. Semiconductor crystals: Band Gap, Equation of Motion, Fuller Derivation of F = Nk Holes Effective Mass, Physical Basis of the Effective Mass, Effective Masses in Semiconductors Silicon and Germanium, Intrinsic Carrier Concentration, Mobility in the Intrinsic Region, Impurity Conductivity, Thermal Ionization of Donors and Accepters, Mobility in the Presence of Impurities, P-N Junction, Rectification, Solar Cell and Photovoltaic Detectors, Schottky Barrier. Superconductivity: Occurrence of Superconductivity, Destruction of Superconductivity by Magnetic Fields, Meissner Effect, Thermodynamics of the Superconducting Transition, London Equation, Coherence Length, BCS Theory of Superconductivity, Flux Quantization in a Superconducting Ring, Type II Superconductors, Vortex State, Estimation of HC1 and HC2, Single Particle Tunneling, Josephson Superconductor Tunneling, DC Josephson Effect, AC Josephson Effect. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, 5th.ed. John Wiley & Sons. Solid State Physics, W. Neil Ashcroft & N. Marmin David, Holt-Saunders International. Solid State Physics, J. Blakmore Saunders. Elementary Solid State Physics, Ali Omer, Addison Wesley. Thermal Physics, C. Kittel John Wiley & Sons.

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PHY-4707

NUCLEAR PHYSICS-I

Radioactivity and isotopes: Fundamental Laws of Radioactivity, Measurements of Decay Constant, Radioactive Equilibrium, Half and Mean Life of Radioactive Isotopes, Natural Radioactive Series, Isotopes and Their Separation and Use, The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity, Artificial Radio Nuclides. Alpha decay: The Stability of Heavy Nuclei Against Emission, Theories of Alpha Decay (Classical and Quantum Mechanical), Alpha- Particle Spectra, Measurements of Alpha- Particle Energies and Velocities, Nuclear Energy Levels as Deduced from Alpha-Decay Data, The Absorption of Alpha-Particles, Range, Ionization and Stopping Power. Beta decay: The Beta Decay, The Velocity and Energy of Beta-Particles, Beta-Particles Spectra, Neutrino Hypothesis, Fermi Theory of Beta-Decay, Curie Plot, Allowed and Forbidden Transitions, Selection Rules, Parity Violation in Beta-Decay, Electron Capture, Range-Energy Relation. Life-Time of Beta Emitters. Gamma decay: Introduction to Gamma Decay, Multipolority of Gamma-Radiations, Measurements of Gamma Rays Energies (Using Nai (Tl) Detector), Measurements of Life Times of Excited States. Nuclear reactions: Kinds of Nuclear Reactions, Conservation Laws of Nuclear Reactions, Q-Value of Threshold Energy of the Nuclear Reactions, Transmutation by 3 3 Photons, by Protons, by Alpha- Particles, by Neutrons, by Deuterons, by 1H or 2H , by Radiations and by Heavy Ions, Kinematics of Nuclear Reactions, Bohr Compound Nuclear Theory and its Limitations, Nuclear Reaction Cross Section. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Nuclear physics, D.G.Tyal. Nuclear physics, K.S. Krane Nuclear physics 2nd ED Kaplan. A text book of nuclear physics, Smith. Theoretical nuclear physics, Belatt and Weisskoff. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, H-Enge.

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SEMESTER-VIII Code

Name of Subject

Credits

PHY- 4801

Statistical Mechanics and Thermal Physics

3

PHY- 4802

Quantum Mechanics-II

3

PHY- 4803

Physics Lab-IV (General Physics)

3

PHY- 48(4-6)

Elective course-II

3

PHY- 4807 / PHY-48(08-13)

Final year Project/ optional Course

3

PHY-48(08-13)

Optional Course

3 Total

18

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PHY- 4801

STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS

Thermal physics: Review of Laws of Thermodynamics, Maxwell's Relations Thermodynamic Potentials, Criteria of Thermodynamical Equilibrium, Intrinsic and Mutual Stabilities of Single Component Systems, Conditions of Stabilities. The Lechatelier Braun Principle, First Order Phase Transition, Discontinuities of Volume and Entropy. Second Order Phase Transition, Kinetic Theory of Gases. Statistical mechanics: Fundamental Principles, Mean Values and Probability Distributions Statistical Ensemble, Probability and Entropy Relation- Ship, Liouville's Theorem, Statistical Concept of Temperature, Entropy and Free Energy, Micro Canonical, Macro-Canonical and Grand Canonical Ensembles, Macro & Micro States, Maxwell's Boltzmann Statistics and Its Application To (I) Equipartition of Energy, (Ii) Harmonic Oscillator, (Iii) Richardson's Equation for Thermionic Emission (Iv) Para magnetism, Quantum Statistical MechanicsBasic Facts of Quantum Mechanics, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and Bose Einstein Statist- Ics; Its Application To Black Body Radiation, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Fermi-Dirac Statistics; Its Application to Electron Gas, Specific Heat of Electron Gas, Thermionic Emission, Kinetic Methods and Transport Theory, Boltzmann Transport Equation and Its Application, RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Fundamental of statistical and thermal Physics by F. Rief. Statistical Physics by C. Kittle. Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics by F. H. Grawford, H Brace. Statistical Physics, Barkley series. Statistical Physical by A. J. Pointion, (LONGMAN). Thermodynamics by H. B. Callen. Thermodynamics by Gugenheim. Heat and Thermodynamics by Zemansky.

PHY- 4802

QUANTUM MECHANICS

Matrix mechanics: Restatement of Quantum Mechanical Assumptions, Matrix Operators, Bra and Ket Vectors. Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Interaction Pictures of Quantum Mechanics. the One Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator in Matrix Mechanics. Angular momentum and spin: Matrix Representation of Angular Momentum and Its Components, Explicit Forms of Angular Momentum Matrices, Effect of Magnetic Field, Quantum Theory of Normal Zeeman Effect, Electron Spin and The Pauli Spin Matrices, Electronic States in a Central Field, Addition of Angular Momenta, The P-States of an Electron, Spin States for Two Particles of Spin One-Half. Methods of approximation: Variational Methods and its Application, Perturbation Theory for Non-Degenerate Stationary States with Simple Illustration, Time Dependent Perturbation, WKB Approximation. Transition Probability and Fermi‟s Golden Rule. Theory of scattering: Derivation of Scattering Cross Section by Partial Wave Technique, scattering by an Attractive Square Well Potential, Born Approximation, Scattering by Coulomb Field, Optical Theorem. Identical particles: Principle of Indistinguishability of Identical Particles, Generalized Pauli's Exclusion Principle, Statistics of Identical Particles, Helium Atom, Symmetric and AntiSymmetric Wave Functions.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introductory Quantum Mechanics 4th ED, Richard Liboff. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 2nd ED, David Griffith. Modern Quantum Mechanics. Sakurai. Quantum Mechanics, S-Gasiorowiz. Quantum Mechanics, Gupta. Quantum Mechanics, Powell and Grasemann.

PHY- 4803

PHYSICS LAB -IV (GENERAL PHYSICS)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Michelson's Interferometer (i) to measure the wavelength of sodium light (ii) to measure the difference of wavelength (iii) to measure the thickness of the thin films. To study the parameters of Laser beam. To measure the Planck's constants by photoelectric apparatus. To measure the Planck's constants by Hydrogen discharge spectrum. To determine the ratio of e/m of electron by J. J. Thomson's method. To verify the quantization of energy band by Franck - Hertz experiments. To determine the (g) factor by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). To find the fine structure of one electron spectrum or two electron spectrum.

PHY- 4804

ELECTRONICS-II

Combinational logic circuit: Introduction to Karnaugh Map, Truth Table to Karnaugh Map, Sample Design Procedure, Code Converter Logic Design, Special Code Converter Units, Quine Mc-Clusky Method. Basic Adder Circuit, Adder Unit, Basic Techniques of Addition/Subtraction, Adder and Subtractor Circuitry, Arithmetic Operation, Trouble Shooting Digital System. Switching circuits logic families: Switching Properties of SemiConductor Devices, TTL Logic Family and Its Characteristics, CMOS Logic Family and Its Characteristics, TTL Driving CMOS, CMOS Driving TTL Troubleshooting. Sequential logic circuit: Shift Register Parallel Data Transfer, Serial Data Transfer, Serial Parallel Data Transfer Register, Basic Binary Ripple Counter, Modulus Counters, Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters, Analog-Digital Conversion, DAC, ADC, Multiplexing, Demultiplexing and Troubleshooting. Memory circuits and magnetic storage devices: General Memory Description, ROM, PROM, EPROM, E2PROM, Flash Memory RAM Magnetic Storage Techniques, Magnetic Disk Storage, Floppy Disk Operation, Magnetic Tape. Microprocessor basics: Basic Microprocessor Units, Basic Microprocessor Architecture and Buses, Basic Instruction Cycle, Interfacing Microprocessor Busses, Different Addressing Techniques, Basic Interrupt Processing and Hardware Interrupts, Detail of 8085/8088 Microprocessor. Application of microprocessor: Traffic Light Controller, Dc Motor Controller, Step Moter Controller, Digital/Analog Conversion Control, Analog/ Digital Conversion. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

Floyd l. Thomos, Digital Fundamentals, 5th Edition. tocci Ronald L. Digital System, Third Edition. 49 of 61

3. 4. 5. 6.

Nashelsky L, Introduction to Digital Technology. Assembly Language for Intel Based Computers by Kip R. Irvine Brey, Microprocessor Peripherals 2nd Edition Barry B & Brey The Intel microprocessors Prentice-Hall Forth editions

PHY- 4805

SOLID STATE PHYSICS-II

Dielectrics and ferroelectrics: Macroscopic Electric Field, Depolarization Field, E1 Local Electric Field at an Atom, Lorentz Fields E2, Field of Dipoles Insides Cavity E3, Dielectric Constant and Polarizability, Electronic Polarizability, Ferroelectric Crystals, Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals, Polarization Catastrophe. Diamagnetism and paramagnetism: Langevin Diamagnetism Equation, Paramagnetism, Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism, Rare Earth Ions, Hund Rules, Iron Groups Ions, Crystal Field Splitting, Quenching of the Orbital Angular Momentum, Cooling by Adiabatic Demagnetization of Paramagnetic Salt, Nuclear Demagnetization, Paramagnetic Susceptibility of Conduction Electrons. Ferromagnetism: Ferromagnetic Order, Curie Point and Exchange Integral, Temperature Dependence of the Saturation Magnetization, Saturation Magnetization at Absolute Zero, Magnons, Thermal Excitation of Magnons. Defects in solids: Lattice Vacancies, Diffusion, Metals, Color-Centers, F-Centers, Other Centers in Alkali Halides, Shear Strength of Single Crystals Slip, Dislocations, Burgers Vectors, Stress Field of Dislocations, Low Angle Grain Boundaries. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, 8th ed. John Wiley & Sons. Solid State Physics, W. Neil Ashcroft & N. Marmin David, Holt-Saunders International. Solid State Physics, J. Blakmore Saunders. Elementary Solid State Physics, Ali Omer, Addison Wesley. Thermal Physics, C. Kittel John Wiley & Sons.

PHY-4806

NUCLEAR PHYSICS-II

Neutron physics: Production of Neutrons, Detection of Neutrons, The Interaction of Neutron with Matter in Bulk, Thermal Neutrons, Neutron Reactions and Cross section, The Diffusion of Thermal Neutron, Scattering. Nuclear fission and fusion: Discovery of Fission, Types of Fission, Theory of Fission (Bohr and Wheeler‟s Theory), Weizeker Mass Formula, Mass and Energy Distribution in Fission, Controlled Fission Reaction, Fission Reactors, Fission Explosive, Basic Fusion Reaction, Characteristics of Fusion. Nuclear forces: Introduction, Deuteron (Properties of Nuclear Force, Ground State of Deuteron No Excited S-States, Exited States of the Deuteron). Yukawa Theory of Nuclear Forces, Saturation on Nuclear Forces (Exchange Forces, Isotopic Spin Formulism), Scattering Cross Sections, Neutron-Proton Scattering at Low Energy, Proton-Proton Scattering at Low Energy, Similarity Between (N-N) and (P-P) Forces. Nuclear models: Introduction, Fermi Gas Model, Liquid Drop Model, Shell Model, Evidence for the Existence of Magic Numbers, Extreme Single Particles Model (Square Well Potential, Harmonic Oscillator, Spin-Orbit Potential), Individual (Independent) Particle Model, Prediction of Shell Model, Collective Nuclear Model. Elementary particle: Introduction, Classification of Elementary Particles, Klen-Grodon Equation, Symmetric Form of the

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Klen-Grodon Equation, Dirac Equation, Symmetric Form of Dirac Equation, Dirac Sea, Spin of Dirac Particles. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Nuclear radiation and Deduction, William J. Price Nuclear physics, D.G.Tyal. Nuclear physics, K.S. Krane Nuclear physics 2nd ED Kaplan. A text book of nuclear physics, Smith. Theoretical nuclear physics, Belatt and Weisskoff. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, H-Enge.

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OPTIONAL COURSES

Course Code

Course Title

Credits

PHY- 4709

Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy

3

PHY- 4710

Semiconductor Physics

3

PHY- 4711

Introduction to Nano Technology

3

PHY- 4712

Laser

3

PHY- 4713

Particle Physics

3

PHY- 4714

Research Methodology & Skill Enhancement

3

PHY- 4715

Introduction to Quantum Computing

3

PHY- 4808

Methods of Experimental Physics

3

PHY- 4809

Digital Electronics

3

PHY- 4810

Plasma Physics

3

PHY- 4811

Quantum Electronics

3

PHY- 4812

Quantum Optics

3

PHY- 4813

Environmental Physics

3

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PHY-4709

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

What is spectroscopy, the electromagnetic spectrum, Quantization and the Hydrogen Atom, Quantization in Poly-electronic Atoms, Electronic States of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules. Molecular Vibrations and Rotation. How Spectra are obtained. Vibrational Spectroscopy, Rotational and Electron Spectroscopy. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

J. Michael Hollas, “Basic Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy, 1st Ed.” Wiley-RSC, 2002 J. Michael Hollas, “Modern spectroscopy, 4th Ed.” John Wiley & Sons Inc..2004.

PHY-4710

SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

Elementary properties of semiconductors, Classes of semiconductors, Crystal structure of specific semiconductors in common use, Phonon-spectra, energy band structure and constant surfaces of specific materials, Charge and energy transport in semiconductors. Scattering process in one valley and many models, Quantum effects in transport phenomena. Optical properties, Radiative and non-radiative recombination processes, Thermal and high-field properties, Novel two-dimensional electron gas phenomena. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

K. Seeger, Semiconductor Physics (Springer-Verlage) R. A. Smith, Semiconductors (Cambridge U.P) J.P. Mckelvey, Solid State and Semiconductors Physics (Harper and Row)

PHY-4711

INTRODUCTION TO NANO SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction: Feynman talks on small structures, Nano scale dimension, Course goals and objectives. Quantum Effects: Wave particle duality, Energy quanta, Uncertainty principle, De Broglie relation, Quantum Dots, Moore's law, Tunneling. Surfaces and Interfaces: Interfaces, Surface Chemistry and Physics, Surface Modification and characterization, Thin Film, Sputtering, Self-assembled films. Material Properties: Subatomic Physics to chemical systems, Types of Chemical Bonds, solid state Physics / Material properties. Tools and Instrumentation: STM, AFM, Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence methods, Synchrotron Radiation. Fabricating Nano Structures: Lithography (photo and electron beam), MBE, Self-assembled masked, FIB, Stamp technology, Nano junctions, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), VLS (Vapor Liquid Field). Electrons in Nano Structures: Variation in electronic properties, free electron model, Bloch's theorem, Band structure, Single electron transistor, Resonant tunneling. Molecular Electronics: Lewis structures, Approach to calculate Molecular orbital‟s, Donor Acceptor properties, Electron transfer between molecules, Charge transport in weakly interacting molecular solids, Single molecule electronics. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1.

S. Lindsay, “Introduction to Nano Science”, Oxford University Press, 2009.

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2. 3. 4.

C. Binns, “Introduction to Nano Science and Nanotechnology (Wiley Survival Guides in Engineering and Science)”, Wiley, 2010. T. Pradeep, “A textbook of Nano Science and Nanotechnology”. R. Kumar, “A textbook of Nano Science.”

PHY- 4712

LASER

Elements of laser physics: Interaction of Radiation with Matter, Black Body Radiation, Application of Harmonic Perturbation Theory, Principles of Laser operation, Population Inversion and Optical pumping, Q-Switching, Laser Medium and Laser Cavity. Properties of laser: Different Beams of Light and Characteristics of Laser Beams, Spatial and Temporal Coherence, Intensity, Directionality, Monocromaticity and Focusability. Laser transitions: Role of Electrons in Laser Transitions, Resonating Cavity, Levels of Laser Action, Two, Three and Four Level Laser, Rate Dynamic Analysis of a Four Level Scheme, Efficient Laser and Quality Factor in Cavities. Types of laser: Solid State Laser, Ruby Laser, Nd-YAG Laser, Nd-Glass Laser, Alexandrite and Titanium Sapphire Laser, Liquid Dye Laser (Tunable Pulsed and Continuous), Gas Laser, He-Ne Laser and ArgonIon Laser, Semiconductor Laser. Laser applications: Laser Applications in Industrial, Communication, Military and Medical Sciences Laser Hazards and Safety. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Laser Principle, Types and Applications, 2006, K R Nambiar Laser Technology and application, Samuel Marshall. Laser, Lengyl Fundamentals of Modern Physics, Eisberg. Theory of atomic spectra, Condon and Shortly

PHY-4713

PARTICLE PHYSICS

Classification of particles, Quantum numbers, Classification of Interactions, Beta decay, Invariance principles and conservation laws, Bound states and resonances, Kinematics; Determination of spin and parity, Introduction to Symmetries, The Quark Model, Colored Quarks and Gluons, Reactions and Decays in the Quarks Model, Charm, Beauty and Truth, Quark Dynamics, Grand Unified Theory. RECOMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

J. J. Sakurai, Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles (Princeton U.P.). G. Kallen, Elementary Particle Physics (Addison-Wesley). S. Gasiorowicz, Elementary Particle Physics (John-Wiley and Sons).

PHY-4714

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & SKILL ENHANCEMENT

Introduction, unethical academic practices (plagiarism), need of research and research types; extraction and review of literature, identifying a research problem and formulating a hypothesis, designing a study, data collection, interpretation and analysis, writing a research report, project, thesis and/or research article or review, preparing posters, making scientific presentations, intellectual property.

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Bryman, A. 2001. Social research methods. Second Edition; Oxford University Press. Awan, J. A. 2003. Scientific Presentation. Unitech Communication, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Kumar R, Kindersley D, 2010. Research Methodology: a step by step guide for beginners. Third Edition; SAGE Publications. Kothari, C. R. 2004. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. Second Revised Edition; New Age International Publishers, New Delhi. Durrani, S. A. 2004. Technical Writing. Higher Education Commission, Islamabad.

PHY-4715

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTING

Computer technology and historical background, basic principles and postulates of quantum mechanics, quantum states, evolutions, quantum measurement, superposition, quantization from bits to qubits, operator, function, density matrix, Schrodinger equation, Schmidt decomposition, EPR and bell inequalities, Quantum computation, quantum circuits, single quibit operation, controlled operation, measurements, quantum gates, single qubit and CNOT gates, Breaking Unbreakable codes, code making, trapdoor function, one time pad, RSA cryptography, Code breaking on classical and quantum computers, schor‟s algorithm, quantum cryptography uncertainty principle, polarization and spin basis, BB84, BB90, and Ekert protocole, Quantum cryptography with and without eavesdropping, experimental realization, quantum search algorithm. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

4.

M.A Nielson and I.L. Chaung, “Quantum computation and quantum information” Foundation books 2007 C P. Williams and S. H. Clearwater. “Exploration in quantum computation” springer, 2nd ed. 2011 P. Bounwmester, A. Ekert, and A. zeilinger. “the physics of quantum information; Quantum Cyptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Computation”. Springer 2011 R.K. Brylinsky, and G. Chen, “Mathematics of Quantum Computation” by Champan and Hall/ CRC, 2002.

PHY-4808

METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS

Gas transport: throughout, pumping speed, pump down time ultimate pressure. Forevacuum pumps: rotary oil pumps, sorption pumps. Diffusion pumps, sorption pumps (high pumps), production of ultrahigh vacuum, fundamental concepts, guttering pumps, ion pumps, cryogenic pumps, turbo molecular pumps. Measurement of total pressure in vacuum systems, unit pressure ranges, Manometers, Perini gauges, the Mcload gauges, mass spectrometer for partial measurement of pressure. Design of high vacuum system, surface to volume ratio, pump choice, pumping system design. Vacuum components, vacuum valves, vacuum flanges leak detection: basic consideration, leak detection equipment, special techniques and problems, repair technique. GM tubes, scintillation detector, channel Tron, photo multipliers, neutron detector, alpha/beta detector, x- rays / gamma detectors, cosmic rays detectors, spectrographs and interferometers. Sensors for pressure, pressure displacement, rotation, flow level, speed, rotation position, phase, 55 of 61

current voltage, power magnetic field, metal, explosive and heat. Operational amplifies, summing amplifiers, differentiators, integrators, logarithmic amplifiers, current to voltage converter, spectroscopy amplifiers, charge sensitive pre- amplifiers, coincidence circuits, isolators, ramp generators and single channel analyzer. Power supplies, signal generators, counters, multichannel analyzer, lock in amplifiers, boxcar averages. Introduction to computers, GPIB interface, Rs 232. Interfacing, DA/AD conversion, visual c/visual basic, evaluation of measurement: systematic errors, accuracy, accidental errors, precision, statistical methods, mean value and variance, statistical control of measurements, errors of direct measurements, rejection of data, significance of results, propagation of errors, preliminary estimation, errors of computation. Least squares fit to a polynomial. Nonlinear functions. Data manipulation, smoothing, interpolation and extrapolation, linear and parabolic interpolation. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

F. JAMES, statistical methods in experimental physics, world scientific company, 2nd ed. 2006. M.H. Hablanian, high- vacuum technology, Marcel dekker, 2nd ed.1997. P. Bevington and D.K. Robinson, Data reduction and error analysis for physics science, McGraw-hill, 3rd ed.2002.

PHY-4809

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Review of Number System, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number system, their interconversion, concepts of logic, truth table, basic logic gates. Boolean Algebra: De Morgan‟s theorem, simplification of Boolean expression by Boolean Postulates and theorem, K-maps and their uses. Don‟t care condition, Different codes. (BCD, ASCII, Gray etc.). Parity in Codes, IC Logic Families: Basic characteristics of logic family. (Fan in/out, Propagation delay time, dissipation, noise margins etc. Different logic based IC families (DTL, RTL, ECL, TTL, CMOS), Combinational Logic Circuit: Logic circuits based on AND–OR, OR-AND, NAND, NOR Logic, gate design, addition, subtraction (2‟s compliments, half adder, half subtractor, full subtractor encoder, decoder, PLA. Exclusive OR gate. Sequential Logic Circuits: Flip-flops clocked RS-FF, D-FF, T-FF, JK-FF, Shift Register, Counters (Ring, Ripple, up-down, Synchronous) A/D and D/A Converters. Romprom, eaprom, EE PROM, RAM (Statics and dynamic memory mapping techniques. Computers and its types all generation of computers basic architecture of computer microprocessor (ALU, UP Registers, Control and time section). Addressing modes, intrusion set and their types, discussion on 8085/8088, 8086 processer family, intel microprocessor Hierarchy. Introduction to embedded and microcontroller base systems, the microprocessor and microcontroller application and environment, microcontroller characteristics, features of general purpose microcontroller, microchip, Inc and PIC peripherals. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3. 4.

M .M Mono, Digital Logic and Computer design”, prentice Hall,1995 R.Tokheim, Digital Electronics, MCGraw Hill, 7th ed.2007. B.B Brey,The INTEL microprocessor: Architecture, programming and interfacing, merril 2nd ed.1991 Thomas L.Floyd, Electronics Fundamentals circuits, Devices and Applications, Prentice Hall,8th ed.2009.

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5.

T. Wilmshurst, The Design of small scale embedded Systems, Palgrave, 2001.

PHY- 4810

PLASMA PHYSICS

Introduction: Occurrence of Plasma in Nature, Definition of Plasma, Concept of Temperature, Debye Shielding, The Plasma Parameter, Criteria for Plasma, Application of Plasma Physics. Single particle motions in electromagnetic fields: Single Particle Motion in Uniform Electric and Magnetic Field, Single Particle Motion in Non-uniform Electric and Magnetic Field, Motion In Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Field, Adiabatic Invariants, Plasma as fluids: Relation of Plasma Physics to Electromagnetic, the Fluid Equation of Motion, Fluid Drifts Perpendicular and Parallel to Magnetic Field, Plasma Approximation. Waves in plasma: Group Velocity, Plasma Oscillation, Electron Plasma Waves, Sound Waves, Ion Waves, Electrostatic Electron Oscillation Perpendicular to Magnetic Field, Electrostatic Ion Waves Perpendicular to Magnetic Field, Electromagnetic Waves Perpendicular and Parallel to B0, Hydromagnetic Waves and Magnetosonic Waves. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Introduction to Plasma Physics, F.F. Chen. Principle of plasma physics, N. A. Karall and A. W. Trivelriece. Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 2nd Ed. 2006, F.F. Chen.

PHY- 4811

QUANTUM ELECTRONICS

Review of quantum Mechanics, Energy levels of materials in quantum electronic devices. Energy levels of the free atoms and molecules, Crystal structure of solids, Energy levels of atoms in solids, Semi classical treatment of the interaction of radiation with matter, Calculation of the probabilities of transition by stimulated emission and absorption. Quantization of the radiation field, Interaction of quantized radiation and atoms, Selection rules, Macroscopic material properties resulting from collective quantum mechanical interaction, Quantum statistics, The density matrix, Quantum statistical calculation of the time varying macroscopic properties of materials, Quantum electronic devices, General properties of lasers, Solid State, gas and semiconductor lasers. RECOMENDED BOOKS 1. 2. 3.

Amon Yariv, Quantum Electronics (John-Wiley & Sons). William S.C.Chang, Principles of Quantum Electronics (Addison Wesley). Richard H.Pantel, Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics (John-Wiley & Sons).

PHY- 4812

QUANTUM OPTICS

Theory of Reflection and Refraction, Wave Propagation in a Conductor, Ellipsometry, Birefringence, Interference Theory, Localization of Fringes, Multiple-Beam Interference, Optical Resonators, Fourier Spectroscopy, Kirchhoff's Diffraction Theory with Applications in Spectroscopy, Holography, Partially Coherent Light, Correlation Functions of Light Beams, Degree of Coherence. RECOMENDED BOOKS 1.

M.Born and E.Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon). 57 of 61

2. 3. 4. 5.

M.V. Klein, Optics (John-Wiley and Sons). R.W.Ditchburn, Light (John-Wiley and Sons). P.A.Lindsay, Introduction to Quantum Electronics (Pitman); S.N.Levine, Quantum Physics of Electronics (McGraw-Hill).

PHY-4813

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS

Introduction to essentials of environmental physics: The economic system, living in green house, enjoying the sun, transport of matter, energy and momentum, the social and political context. Basic Environmental Spectroscopy: Black body radiation, the emission spectrum of sun, the transition electric dipole moments, the Einstein‟s coefficient, Lambert-beers law, The spectroscopy of bi-molecules, Solar UV and life, the ozone filter. The Global Climate: The energy Balance, Elements of Weather and Climate, Climate variation and modeling Transport of Pollutants: Diffusion, Flow in reverse, Ground water, Flow equation of fluid dynamics, Terbulence, Gaussian plumes in air, turbulent jets and planes. Noise: Basic acoustics, Human perceptions and noise criteria, reducing the transmission of sound, active control of sound Radiations: general laws of radiation, natural radiations, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with plants, utilization of photosynthetically active radiation Atmosphere and Climate: Structure of the atmosphere, vertical profiles in the lower layers of atmosphere, lateral movement in atmosphere, atmosphere circulation, cloud and participation, The atmospheric greenhouse effect. Top Climates and Micro Climates: effects of surface elements in flat and widely undulling areas, Dynamic action of solid, thermal action of solid. Climatology and Measurements of Climate Factor: Data collection and organization, statistical analysis of climate data, climatic indices, General characteristics of Measuring equipment, measurement of temperature, air, humidity, surface wind velocity, Radiation balance, precipitation, pressure, automatic weather station. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. 2.

E.T books and R. Van Grondelle. “Environmental Physics” John Wiley 3rd ed 2011 G. Guyot. “Physics of Environmental and Climate” John Wiley 1998.

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Item No. 05

List of External Examiners for the Evaluation of M.Phil. and Ph.D. Thesis

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List of External Examiners for the Evaluation of M.Phil and Ph.D. Thesis (Local) S. No.

Name

Address

1

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Baig

2

Prof. Dr. Iftikhar Hussain

3

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Nawaz Tahir

4

Prof. Dr. Arshid Majeed Mirza

5

Dr. Muhammad Arshid Janjua

6

Prof. Dr. Shahzad Naseem

7

Prof. Dr. Arshid Iqbal (Rtd)

8

Dr. Muhammad Abdul Rauf Khan

9

Dr. Sami-ul-Haq

10

Prof. Dr. Ghazanfar Ali Khan (Rtd)

11

Prof. Dr. Ijaz Mujtaba Ghori

12

Prof. Dr. M. Riaz Khan

13

Dr. M. Noman Sarwar Qureshi

14

Dr. Waqas Masood

COMSATS IIT, Islamabad

15

Dr. M. Sabieh Anwar

LUMS, Lahore Cantt.

16

Dr. Muhammad Rafique

17

Dr. Muhammad Shafiq

18

Prof. Dr. Nasir Amin

19

Dr. Yaser Jamil

20

Dr. Nek Muhammad Shaikh

21

Dr. M. Ikram Shahzad

NCP, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Vice Chancellor Haripur University Abbottabad KPK Department of Physics University of Sargodha Chairman, |Department of Physics QAU, Islamabad Director & HoD, Material Science Department, PIEAS, Islamabad Director, Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab, QAC Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad. Chairman, Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad. NILOP, Islamabad Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad. Director, Center of Advance Studies in Physics, (CASP) G. C. University, Lahore. Department of Physics Peshawar University, Peshawar. Dept. of Physics GC University Lahore

Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad. Associate Prof. & Head Plasma Laboratory, QAU, Islamabad Department of Physics Agricultural University, Faisalabad. Department of Physics Agricultural University Faisalabad Department of Physics University of Sind, Jamshoro PINSTECH, Niolre, Islamabad.

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S. No. Name 22 Dr. Shahid Hussain 23

Dr. Nazir Hussain

24

Dr. M. Saleem

25

Dr. Ali Nadeem

Address Director, Centralized Resource Lab Principal Scientist, Optics Lab. Niolre, Islamabad. Department of Physics Post Graduate College Satellite Town, Rawalpindi. Principal Scientist National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP) Islamabad

26

Dr. Murtza Saleem

LUMS, Lahore

27

Dr. Shahid Atiq

CSSP. P.U. Lahore Assistant Professor

28

Dr. Ijaz Ahmed Khan

Dept. of Physics GC University Faisalabad

29

Dr. Ishaq Ahmed

Director EPD, NCP Islamabad

30

Dr. Hidyat Ullah

31

Dr. Muhammad Riaz

32

Dr. Muhammad Jamil Alvi

33

Dr. Zobia Kiran

34

Dr. Muhammad Shahid

35

Dr. Umar Saeed Quershi

36

Dr. Ayaz Arif

37

Dr. Shaista Nadeem

38

Dr. Abdul Waheed Anwar

39

Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed

Director, NILOP, Islamabad

40

Dr. Gul Rehman

Assistant Prof. Department of Physics, QAU, Islamabad

Dept. of Physics University of Peshawar Department of Physics Federal Urdu University, Islamabad. Department of Physics COMSATS Lahore Department of Physics G.C. University Lahore Department of Physics Women University Bagh AJK Department of Physics QAU Islamabad Department of Physics University of AJK Muzaffarabad Department of Physics Islamic International University, Islamabad Department of Physics UET, Lahore

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