Blood Pressure

GUILDELINES for BLOOD PRESSURE, RISK FACTORS, LIFE SYLE MODIFICATION

ISSUED in 2003 BY JOINT NATIONAL COMMITTEE and EUROPEAN SOCIETY of HYPERTENSION In the interest of public

BLOOD PRESSURE CATEGORY

SYSTOLI DIASTOLI C C < 120 and < 80

NORMAL PRE120 – HYPERTENSIO 139 N HYPERTENSIO 140 - 159 N STAGE-I > 160 STAGE-II 179 STAGE-III > 180

or

80 – 89

or

90 – 99

or

100 - 109

or

> 110

RISK FACTORS MAJOR RISK FACTORS

TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE

BP SMOKING OBESITY INACTIVITY HIGH BLOOD LIPID DIABETES PROTEIN IN URINE AGE : Men > 55, Women > 65 FAMILY HISTORY of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE



HEART

 BRAIN  CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE  PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE  CHANGES IN THE RETINA OF EYES

LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION MODIFICATION WEIGHT REDUCTION

RECOMMENDATION Maintain normal body weight Increase fruits, vegetables, (BMI < 24.9) Reduce dairy fat products, DIETARY CHANGES decrease total fat and saturated LESS SALT INTAKE fat 2.4 gms Sodium or 6 gms of NaCl Engage in most of the days 30 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY minutes per day aerobic activity (brisk walk) drink to 720 ml beer Limit alcohol MODERATE / 30 ml wine / 60ml of whiskey ALCOHOL per day

WHAT IS YOUR BMI ?

CATEGORY UNDER WEIGHT NORMAL OVER WEIGHT OBESE SEVERLY OBESE

BMI (Body Mass Index)

< 20

20 – 24.9 25 – 29.9 30 – 39.9 > 40

U must know your height and weight

HEIG HT in cms 152 155 157 160 162 165 167 170 172 175 177 180

50 21 21 20 20 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15

5 5 23 23 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17

6 0 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 1 9 1 8

WEIGHT 6 7 75 5 2 0 30 32 8 2 29 31 7 2 28 30 6 2 27 29 5 2 27 29 5 2 26 28 4 2 25 27 4 2 24 26 3 2 24 25 2 2 23 25 2 2 22 24 1 2 21 23 0

IN Kgs 9 10 80 85 95 0 0 3 35 36 41 43 9 3 33 35 39 42 7 3 33 35 39 41 7 3 31 33 37 39 5 3 31 33 36 38 4 3 29 31 35 37 3 3 29 31 34 36 2 3 28 29 33 35 1 3 27 29 33 34 1 2 26 28 31 33 9 2 26 28 31 32 9 2 25 27 30 31 8

BMI

SMOKING : choice is yours

With each cigarette : 4000 chemical compounds, 400 toxic substances, Temp 7000 C at tip, 60oC in core Very damaging : Tar, Nicotin, Carbon-monoxide, Particulate matter High risk in side stream smoke • 1.7 TIMES MORE CARDIAC DEATHS • 12 TIMES LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING CANCER • 2.5 TIMES HIGHER CANCER - MORE OF LUNGS, MOUTH, THROAT • 9 OUT of 10 REQUIRING BYPASS OPERATION ARE SMOKER/EX-SMOKER • NICOTINE INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE BLOOD, WHICH MAY CAUSE THE ARTERIES TO CLOG UP. • HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE CAUSES HEART ATTACKS AND STROKE. • SMOKING CAUSES AN ACID TASTE IN THE MOUTH AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ULCERS. • COUPLES WHO SMOKE HAVE FERTILITY PROBLEMS MORE THAN COUPLES WHO ARE NON-SMOKERS. • SMOKERS HAVE 25 PER CENT MORE SICK DAYS YEAR THAN NONSMOKERS.

ALCOHOL CALORIE COUNT Beer 500 ml 180 Rum 100 ml 220 Gin 100 ml 220 Whiskey 100 ml 220 Champagne 100 ml 126 Sherry 100 ml 110 Martini 100 ml 75 Bacardi 250 ml 118

A STANDARD DRINK IS : • 1.5 ounce of WHISKEY, GIN, VODKA, RUM • 12 ounce of BEER • 5 ounce of WINE

U ARE AT RISK IF U DRINK MORE THAN • 14 drinks/week or 4 drinks at occasion • if U are more than 65 years 7 drinks/week or 3 drinks at occasionRISKS HEALTH • Effects LIVER, PANCREASE, BRAIN, HEART • RISKS OF MANY CANCERS • BIRTH DEFECTS

LIPID PROFILE : Where U should be? GOOD CHOLESTEROL TRIGLYCERIDE HDLC LDLC CHOL : HDLC HDLC : LDLC

< 200 < 150 > 45 < 100 < 3.3 < 0.5

FAIR 200 150 36 100 3.3 0.5

– – -

240 200 45 145 4.4 3.0

POOR > 240 > 200 < 35 > 145 > 4.5 >3

OIL : What to use? (PUFA) : Protects the t c e t o r p o t NG : Lowers the e I l MONO UNSATURATED FATTY ACID (MUFA) t G t A i l M e A v D blood a e h r A o F m U Cholesterol s M i r h o c i A h F U w SATURATED FATTY ACID (SFA) : Increases bloodM P A F S Triglycerides and OIL SFA n Cholesterol, hardens bloodPUFA vesselsUFA leading to a h t POLY UNSATURATED FATTY ACID Heart

BP/Heart attack/ Brain stroke.OIL CANOLA

KUSUMA OIL SUNFLOWER OIL OLIVE OIL SOYABEAN OIL COTTON SEED OIL

61 75 72 13 55 50

33 14 16 83 29 19

4 10 12 4 16 29

OIL MAIZE OIL SEASAME OIL SEASAME OIL GROUND NUT OIL MUSTARD OIL PALM OIL VANASPATI OIL DESIGHEE COCONUT OIL

PUFA

45 42 42 28 25 10 6 4 2

M UFA

16 38 38 48 39 18 -

SFA

12 20 20 24 30 51 76 28 98

TIPS on EXERCISES

• Must do regularly – at least 5-6 days a week • Spend 30 minutes every time • Fix the schedule of performing exercise – it has been proved by survey that compliance is more when done in morning • Do not be on full meal – take tea/biscuit/fruit • Perform 10 minutes of streching exercises and 20 minutes on brisk walk. • If you have any pain or discomfort – consult your doctor

How did U like this compilation? Send your comments Dr. RC Saxena, Occupational Health Physician

[email protected]

If U intend to print the matter – remove black back ground first