Blood Lab Report

Group 4 Gonzales, Juan Pablo Matapaja, Reman John Neri, Boanerges Porras, Philip

September 15, 2006

BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS Draw and label the histologic appearance of the following: a. RBC

b. Granulocytes:

c. Agranulocytes:

d. Red bone marrow and its cellular elements

Draw and label the stages of sequential hemopoietic development of each of the formed elements in the bone marrow.

STUDY FOCUSING QUESTIONS 1. Compare and contrast the following by tabulating: a. Types and subtypes of leukocytes GRANULOCYTES Percentage in Total WBC Count

Shape and Visibility of Nuclei

Neutrophils 55-65%

Eosinophils 1-3%

Basophils 0.5-1%

Lymphocytes 20-35%

Monocytes 3-8%

10-12 mm in diameter; consists of 2-5 lobes connected by thin strands of chromatin.

Has 2 oval lobes connected by a nuclear thread; no nucleolus.

Big, intensestaining round or slightly indented nucleus.

Oval or slightly indented nucleus is eccentrically located.

Round, spherical in vivo.

Round, spherical in vivo.

A thin rim of clear blue cytoplasm surrounds nucleus.

Abundant cytoplasm

Phagocytize bacteria and particulate matter in CT, then die and form pus.

Participate in allergic reactions by phagocytizing Ag-Ab complexes and by this dampen the allergic response Bone marrow

Heterochromati c nucleus is divided into irregular lobes, often obscured by overlying basophilic specific granules. Nucleus is U or S shaped. Cytoplasm is round, spherical in vitro; Filled with coarse, basophilic, membrane bound, water soluble granules. Involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Immunological reponses of the body

After differentiating into a macrophage in the CT, it becomes phagocytic;

Bone marrow

Bone marrow

Monoblasts of bone marrow

Amount of Cytoplasm

Primary Function

Origin Predominant Type in Circulation Life Span

AGRANULOCYTES

Bone marrow

Small lymphocytes 8 days

10 days

b. Types and subtypes of leukocytes Types and Subtypes of Leukocytes Content and Staining Property of Specific Granules

GRANULOCYTES Neutrophils Specific granules have low staining affinity and contain phagocytins (bactericidal). They bind neutral or acidic components of the dye mixture.

Eosinophils Coarse specific granules stain pink with Wright’s stain and contains: the major basic protein, eosinophilic cationic protein (have cytoxic effects on parasitic worms), and

AGRANULOCYTES Basophils They bind neutral or acidic components of the dye mixture.

Lymphocytes They bind neutral or acidic components of the dye mixture.

Monocytes They bind neutral or acidic components of the dye mixture.

Content and Staining Property of Azurophil Granules

Azurophilic granules contain hydrolytic enzymes and myeloperoxidase. The granules stain purple.

Leukotrienes

The granules stain purple.

The granules stain purple.

Azurophilic granules contain hydrolytic enzymes of primary lysosomes. The granules stain purple.

Lysosomal enzymes with a higher concentration of peroxidases;

Other Cellular Products Immunologic Competencies Arising From Cytoplasmic Contents

eosinophilderived neurotoxin. Azurophilic granules contain lysosomes. The granules stain purple.

Phagocytosis;

c. Differential count of blood components: A Differential Count of Blood Components

Normal Values

Clinical Significance of Deviation from Normal Values

d. Platelet granules Platelet Granules Location in Platelet Environment

Contents

Alpha Granules Chromomere of platelet Fibrinogen Plate-derived growth factor Other proteins

Delta Granules Chromomere of platelet Serotonin

Lambda Granules Chromomere of platelet Lysosomal Enzymes

Function

e. Thrombus and platelet plug Components

Thrombus

Platelets Damaged blood vessels Plasma proteins Fibrin Aggregated platelets

Platelet Plug

Cascade Events of Formation Factors from blood plasma, damaged blood vessels, and platelets promote cascade interactions of around 13 plasma proteins. The cascade results in the formation of the thrombus through the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by the enzyme thrombin. Small defects in the endothelial lining of blood vessels leads to aggregation on the damaged tissue.

2. Enumerate the general functions of blood and the components responsible for each.

For transport: • Carries O2 and nutrients to the cells • Transports CO2 and wastes from the tissues to the lungs and the kidneys where wastes can be removed from the body • Carries hormones to the endocrine glands to the target tissues For regulation: • Helps to regulate body temperature by removing heat from active areas, such as skeletal muscles and transporting it to other areas of the skin so the heat can be dissipated • Plays a significant role in fluid and electrolyte balance because salt and plasma proteins contribute to the osmotic pressure by providing weight and bulk to our blood • Functions in pH regulation through the action of buffers in the blood For protection: • Clotting mechanisms prevent fluid loss through hemorrhage when blood vessels become damaged • Certain cells in the blood, phagocytic white blood cells help to protect the body against diseases by engulfing and destroying the agent • Antibodies in the plasma help protect against disease by their reactions with offending agents

3. Describe the mature erythrocytes in terms of: 4. List and describe human diseases associated with abnormalities/deficiencies in the function, histogenesis, and gross and molecular morphology of the following: 5. Diagram the monophyletic origin of CT and blood cells from a pluripotential stem cell of the bone marrow.