Biological Pest Control

YU ISSN 1450-7323

UNIVERZITET U KRAGUJEVCU AGRONOMSKI FAKULTET U CACKU UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC FACULW OF AGRONOMY - CACAK

SMOTRA NAUENIH RADOVA STUDENATA AGRONOMIJE sa medunarodnim u6eSiem

.-5,,i, q Aq A I( =+v=+

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF THE STUDENTS OF AGRONOMY with international participation

-Zbornik radova-

Vol. 3, br. 3, 2003. Cadak, 29-30. Avgust 2003. godine

SMOTRA NAUENIH RADOVA STUDENATA AGRONOMIJE ORGANIZATOR I IZDAVAE

Agronomski fakultet - Caiak, Cara Dusana 34 32000 dadak E.mail: 4l9g!g!(Qgg!g-yg; http:alc.kg.ac.yu Suorganizatorl: Ministarstvo p.osvete i sporta R.S. Studentski centar eadak i SO eadak Za izdaueea: Prof dr lMiroslav Spasojevid

ORGANIZACIONI ODBOR

Predsdnik: proi. dr Mift)slav Spasoievii Sckrelari Doc. df Lcla Mardri altanorir doc. dr Alcksandar Prunoviii doc. dr Goran Marl()viir rj(,c. dr Nikolu tsokani rnf Ra*o Kopri\.rcrii rrr \'lilrn l,clroriar Ilan aili\iJ: I\ictL l)alo\rJ NAUCNIOOBOR l'redsedniki Akld prol. dr \/icvolod i Elrn\L.r Do.. dr Vladcta Slelovrc: Clanovi: Pfol. dr lv.tr Gorb.tchc!i pfol. df Jordanka Kouzrrrrnova: Pr(,f dr Z(lcnek \Ir!huni n' i 'r DiJlil.{ Fer/r: D,..,l LrrJtr Dirr',,cv.k.: Tror..h r'o.nn \4,1. .!\r-. Al r-. fr..r .i, Jr.',.,nnllk, do( I Nr. . , .,. :.,rr. r{ |ur R..' P,\l.r..,r ..,./r,ul.., il olos.i \ ljev iii doc. Cr (ntrdana S.riuiaracr nrof rr s!(!isix! i,ctrorlc: Prof d. \lasksrir j Iirc: l'rof tr Dragan Dukii: Prof. dr Nikoia Mrr.ii: Prol rir Mriollrr Bosdrn(,viii Pll)f .i. Mirosiav

Mrr!njlii:

rir Dordc Jockoliii

Zorrn j\larkovic:

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rrr

Sl(,h,!u

NlircnKo\

iL rloi oj l\'1ilicAf\,ri)!rc.,t,! lf

Kompjuterska obrada i slog: lvica Dalovic

Oroanizaciiu Skuoa su pomooli Mrn,srarrrvo za naJrL I lehnotog4u RFpuoh{e Srorie Min,slarslvo p-osvete isoo'la RFD Jbhke Srb,r Sludentsk centar daaak iSo aa.arr Stampa: 31 Oklobar ul. 555. br.23. Ca6ak Tira::100 primeraka

IOMIJE

SADRZAJ

S. Mibvski, Elitaveu Bogdanotska: THE NEED OF HACCP SYSTEM AS A TECIINIQIJE tN THEQUALITYCONTROL rNAGRIBUSTNFJS........ .............. . Zhtka Nikohteva Ata,u"'or,a.' AGRICULTURAL COOPERATMS IN BULGARIA DURJNG TIIE TRANSITION PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF AC "PLODORODIE" TN THE VILLAGE OF CI.AVINITZA . ...

i5

Dejar B. Zejok: DTNAMTKA MTXROBTOLOSKE AKTI\4\OSTr NAJZASTUPLJE. NLIIH TTPOVA ZEMtJISTA POLIMTJA

2l

Bobil Dtugan: PORAST ..h Bokaq mr

I

ODABRANI PARAMETRI ITVALI'iDTA MFJA

BROJLERSKIH PILICA IZ DVA NEINDUSTRI.ISKA SISTOMA CAJENJA .. . ..., Teo.lora Petkova Petm'ra:

...

35

BIOLOCICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIIE l\ltlTANT

MULBERRY SILKWORM (Bo'nr$ r'on LJ FOItllS

. ........

4l

M.t'. Kuklzr, G.l. r,atur: CLONING AND CII{RAC IERIZA flON Ol: NBr^-LltR CLASS RESISTANCFJENE ANAI-OGS SEQUEN-CES IN St]\tI.-LO\l l,R . . . .

Peta Po bota: FERTILIZATION INFLUENCIi ON THE \\ID THE YIELD OF SWEET PEPPER

'::rr Boikovri -;K$ija Janitil

: .ir Mirosia\ r\ii. Doc. lr

Iravt

\ [?,li\llN C CON] ECT

Lirv.ti, Dulko Marr*rl,tL NISKE FREKVENCIJIi i.:

SEMENA

KUKL]RUZA

Dl:ko Maittkovii, Dtvor Litvti: DDZINFIiKCUTI BIOFIZICKIM

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I

55

FtjNXC t KI-IJANJ,!

....

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SIII{ULACI.JA SEMENA

ETODAMA

61

trdgd, yitr SEeERNI MINIMUM HRANtvA Kdo PI{EI}tJsLOv ZA t(vALtTETNO STLIRANJE ...... . . . . . .. ... .

'15

OI\ETA AICKSiI: MORFOLOSI(A I FIZIOI,OSK:\ SVOJS1 VA DIVLJEG GRAORA .

I"4THYRUS YERNUS L. {BERNH.,

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Vacla, Kobelus: ROOTSTOCKS FRONI GENUS Cll)OliIA S!'. AND THEIR INCOMPATABILITY WITH CHOOSEN NE1V CZtrCH PEAIIVARIEI'AS

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Duftlit, 2., vico,6.. PoNtoLosKE osoBrNE ;rbte;

.IEDNOROTKI N-A PODRU..'U TREBINJA.,

NErflH soRTr sIroKAvA

.tlcl,\Ulru yeljoit. R. Poporit, T. M'l.'i.uiij PIJIIOI-OSKtr OSOBINn ZNACAJNI.IIH SORTI AKTINIDUE

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cnn.d'a

NAJ-

.nnr"'rrir l,l.t U USLOYIMA BARA

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I

Rosen Rumenov Radev, Venehna Panalotova Yanlova*

Agri.vltural Anivers4 of Plovdiv, BUII)ANA *Research Insfitute of Horticulture anil Can ted TechnologJ Plovdiv, Bblgarid wh;teflies began an.l pamsitic oJ diffe,ent pes) also whitefly in the Elobal coNentional a?icubute pragm,n ho! oc.u ed other Pnbbn high resistance to diflercnt chemical' Nqwet days this police sta decrease npidly but BPC and IPM Abstmct:hNestisation ol biolagical cantrcl nethad

wav

Encdrsia fomasa was rcdiscoveftd. 1n

lot

oder to ,nke successlll .ontrol

The chenical control oJ vrhiteJb is dilficult, and norc time is rcquired to appb chenicals than to distibute a d check the natural enemies. yau g plants arc susceptible to the toic effects oJ pesticdes, especially in $intea whrk the plants are weak Pesticides can ulso abortion oJ flowers and roung fruits (J.C. van lzntercn, P. M. J. Ranakers & J. Woets).

Ket words: whirefly, parasitic v)asp, chemical resistance, sde efects on betrcfcial organisns (E, Fomosa), bialogicaLpest cantrc|, inteSrcted pest nnnagementINTRODUCTION

whiLefTy (Trialeurodes vaporartorum), sometimes called glasshouse whitefly was observed as a pest affecting tornatoes in America in 1970, and has since then become one of the most predominant pests in inany omamental and vegetable crops in grcenhouse all over the world. The insect originates fiom tropical or subtropical America, probably from Brazil or Mexico.

The gleenhouse

Morphology Whiteflies are small insects, not too larger than few millimetres (adults I - 1.5 mm). The body of the whitefly is yellow in colour and covercd with white waxy powde: that is secreted by glands and one pair of compound rcd eyes. The females often lay a number of eggs (60 - 530 ) in the shape of a circle, by tuming around in one place on the lower side of the leaves single or in pares by lG15 eggs.

R. R. Radev

STUDENIS OF AGRONOMY REVIEW O! SCIENTIIIC PAPERS OF THE

,

Picfirre of da,nage

whiht feeding on which moulds The older larvae in parlicular secrele honeydew of on and around the dorsal suriace' develop. Also larvae produce large amounts "ax rimce detals of

Tri4lgllgk!

wasps Biological eontrol of whiteJ'lJ lrith parasitic rysten( KoPPert Bv) E n c at s i afa no s a ) ( p x asitic\' t

E

carsiL'

^sp'

in The corltlol of whitefly is one of the largest obstacles lhe biolosical or inleglated croP protecdon For many )ears Tn many \everal crops in problem ha\ been a gt"""i;"*

"Li"ni iffi i;;i'" '"-i'"*sir,"'.o"il'h.1",?_"t"'L"in::":"::",e;':',','i{'#1"11,"",.*. ;;; years this problem have increased again mainly because

following rcasons: Chei'ical control and developing of rcsistance of whitefly; in use are hamful for many beneficial orgaoisms' So." of tft"

. '

REVIEW OF SCIENIIFIC PAPERS OF TT$ SAUDENTS O! AGRONOMY

R. R. Rader.,

.

Biological confiol is applied in an increasing number of crops, and the climate is nol always favorable for the developnent of Encarsia fomosa' Patasitization

of

T.vaporariorurn h!

E

Formosa

The extenal to which T.rapororioru,, is parasitized by E forrnosa depend can mainly on the host crop. For example' cucumber has seveml chamcteristics that clop andnet-shaped 'Ihe of the hdry leaves cause problems in the control of whitefly ."do"e the mobility of the wasp The relationshiP between the whitefly u"in. dn *r""un taken in account m usrng anal Darasitic wasp aliffeis according to the crop This rnust be BlC,' for instancJby adapting the introduction times of ihe parasitic wasp -. The greenh'ouse whiiefly deposits the eggs on the youngest leave-s The ag::f rhe age of thr Lhe laryae on'a leaf is fierefore fairl] \imilar. Thus \ hen Parasitiz€d 24"C non2l'c and belween tempemtures Darasilic wasp is reaconably uniform Al parasjtic u asps' the before narasidzed larvae of rhe whileflv will emerge seven days At paralite is inartive At low tenperatues and a low light lnlensiD, the limited but remperarure above t80C rhe parasite can lly. Below rhat temperature flight i5 more time. will take the parasite can walk, so migation

MATERIAL AND METHODS order to investigate the side €ffect of Pesticide's on the Parasitic wasp E' frrr@,rd the "method of dippi{g" developed by Haran & Oomen was lsed ' For the test Plastic boxes with tomato leaves were usedThe following chemicals werc used for the exp€riment:

In

I-nseclicide and acaricides BI- 58 0.17o Pikador 20 0.057o

Braiv 1.8 0.12% Fungicides Kuprosaid gold 45 0.257o

Flfiine72

0.:25Va

Poni 5 0.057o The pa&sitic wasps are coming ftom natural supplie$ in same age of the pupae and emerged after 24h ftom parasitized whitefly laflae. 'Ihe leaves of tomato werc tl€ated by tle "method of dipping"' which were dipp€d into the rcconunended concentrations of the investigated insecticides (fungicides) for (60 min ) uftil the evaluating the side effec3 on E. fonnosa. After ltls the leaves stay€d

'

paper on the surface git dry. Then the leaves werc placed into the plastic boxes wiih wet filter

l9l

R. R.

AGRONOMY REVIEW OF SCTENTIFIC IAPERS OF THE STUDENTS Of

RadEV.,

Total tests boxes 30 0(F10+10)' bottom. Then the boxes were covercd with gauze sheets The percentages of toxic dose ot counted werc After 24h the live alld d€ath parasitic wasp of "Abbott fomula chemicals arscalculated by the the investigated

"

Mo

death adults in each boxes [7o] Mk - death in the control boxes [7o] E l7,l - Death rate

Mo-Ml .^ (%) -- 100- M*

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION on lhe parasitic wasp eveD the flmgicides,are (Tabl€s t and 2)These example' ha\e lo oe IaK€n [n]e bir harmfirl for Ge addl of E/omi,ra en(mies of-whjlefly.bul also in account in tPM. ln order lo prelent nor onl) the naruml This

resred pe"ticides caused effects

anorier species the choice

ofde

pe\ticides should be in acordancq\Mlh llle benenc'als

Tablel.Thetoiceffectofsoneinseciicideanaacaric'lesonoJadultparasitict'aspEJomosa Death adults after 24h

Toxic

group

Number

9a

Control

30

I

-

30

30

28 24

3.33 90.33 80.00

93.33 80.00

3t)

l9

6i.33

63.33

Br

58 0.17o

Pikador 20 O.O57o

Braiv

1.8

Toxic

##

0.129o

2. :rhe toxic effect of sane

fu"cbid.s

an of

a/.tutt]9!!tEvgry&!9;4!9p

Death adults after

Toxic

24h

Toxic group

Kuprosaid

gold

Number

9o

7

23.13

20.69

30

20.00

t7.24

30

46.67

44.83

30 45

0.25qo

0.254" Poni 5 0.057, Lesend

-

Non_roric +

woak

lorici

++

Mediunr roxic;

+++ Toxici++++ Veit loxic

REV]EW OI SC]ENT]FIC PAPERS O!

fiE

STUDENTS OF AGRONOMY

CONCLUSIONS fon@sa 1s very well lsnwn and commonly used parasite of the groenhous€ ^ whitefly. In order to plorlJote i& effect of E.fomiosa it can be used in combination with oiher benefrcials such as parasitic wasp - trerlrrcerus eremicus (Ereftlocerus-System) or predatory bug - Macrolophus caliginosus (Macrolcphus-System ). Also the bioiogjcal control of whilefly can be combined with non-toxic for the beneficial pesticides. Befo.e using the recommended selective chemicals it should be check if they are registered for this clop in the counoy. Before intoducing beneficial, the greenhouse and the plants should be free of E.

harmful pesticide rcsidues. Yellow sticky cards can be used preventively for the detection of flying insects.

REFERENCE

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9-

Integrated conffol

of

insect pests

in the

Nethedands

Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, I 980. M. Malais & W. J. Ravensberg, Knowing and rccognizing

-

Centre

for

Agdcultural

- Koppert BV. J. van Schelt, J. Kplapwijk, S. Mulder, J. Dounu, R. van der Pas, W. Reerink, Entomogy course, Koppert BV, 1998. R. Kerkmeester, Crop protection, IIAS Den Bosch, s' Hefiogenbosch, The Netberlands. Jasper den Besten, Glasshouse vegetables, HAS Den Heft ogenbosch, The Netherlands.

www.koppg4d. www.biobest.de

www.cabi.org www.Derl.olq

Bosch,

s'