Bio Security, An Outline

Biosecurity, an outline Dr.Kedar Karki

Introduction • “A Set Of Management Practices, Which When Followed Correctly Reduce The Potential For The Introduction And Spread Of Disease Causing Organisms Onto, And Between Farms”

Why “Reduced”, and Not Finished? • Microbes Can Be Controlled, Not Prevented • Microbes are more Versatile To Overcome Adversity (Quickly Adapt to New Environment) • Population of Microbes is Very High, and Widely Distributed • Microbes Multiply Rapidly • “Disease Occurrence Can be Minimized, Productivity Can Be Optimized”

Relationship Between Expenditure And Return From Biosecurity

Economics of Biosecurity

Importance of Biosecurity • Highly Intensive FarmingBirds At Stress; Lowered Immunity- Higher Susceptibility to Diseases Highly Productive Livestock- More Prone to Diseases Microbial ContaminationImportant Concern for Exports Market Shelf Life

Importance of Biosecurity

• Rise Of Disease IncidenceContagious/ Transmissible Diseases on the Rise Variant Strains Complexed Forms Of Diseases Virulence On The Rise Indiscriminate Use Of Antibiotics, Giving Rise To Resistant Microbes

General Pattern Of Microbial Load Build- Up In A Non- Biosecure Farm

Disinfection Protocol Implemetnation Does Not

Bring A Sudden General Change Pattern in the Environment… of gradual microbial load depletion, in implementing biosecurity after an epidemic

Biosecurity- Classification

• Conceptual Biosecurity: • Location of the Farm • Mode of Transport

Biosecurity- Classification

• Structural Biosecurity: • Farm Modernization • Building and Infrastructure Planning and Designing

Biosecurity- Classification

• • • • •

Organisational Biosecurity: Disinfection Vaccination Hygiene Measures Record Keeping for Biosecurity parameters

Biosecurity Success- Hierarchy Importance, Investment and Role

Biosecurity

• • • • •

Increased Immediate Costs Direct Cost Additional Manpower Direct Profits Reduced Long Term Plan

Advantages of Following Biosecurity • • • • • •

Healthier Livestock Higher Productivity Higher Profits, by Reduced Losses Controlled Pathogen Level in the Farm Losses Due to Potential Epidemics Prevented Safety to Public Health Important for Procuring International Certifications

Modes of Disease Introduction and Transmission • Carriers Within A Flock • Birds Recently Acquired From An Outside Flock • Eggs From Infected Breeder Flocks • Human Feet, Hands, And Clothes • Dust, Feathers, And Manure On Equipment And Supplies, Such As Trucks, And Egg Flats

• Feral Birds, Predators, Rodents, Flies, And Insects • Live Or Contaminated Vaccines • Feed Contaminated At The Manufacturing Plant • Water • Air

Execute Biosecurity

• Interrupt The Pathway Of Disease • All Microbes Have Life- Cycle • Destroy It By Inhibiting Conducive Atmosphere • Adequate Decontamination Of Animal Buildings And Pens Prior To Occupation. • Provision Of A Clear Air Supply And Adequate Ventilation

Interrupt The Pathway Of Disease • Exclusion Of Vectors Of Infection, e.g. Birds, Insects, Rodents, Dogs, And Even Visitors • Adequate Disposal Of Sewage, Slurry, And Other Farm Waste • Proper Disposal Of Carcasses, Dead Due To Infectious Diseases • Provision Of A Safe And Clean Water And Food Supply • Use Disinfected Instruments e.g. vaccine administrators, nebulizers etc. • Give Sufficient Gap Between Grow Outs

Principle Pathways of Cross Infection and Cross Contamination

@Dr.Kedar Karki

Control the Infectious Disease • • • •

Protect the Susceptible Animals Artificial Immunization (Vaccination) Quarantine of Infected Animals Eliminate Non- Curable Animals

Disinfection (The Key to Biosecurity) • How Disinfection Helps? • It Breaks The Life Cycle Of Infectious Microbes • Regular Use At Recommended Intervals Prevents The Build-up

Disinfection- Is it Adequate Alone? •

What Makes Disinfection Effective? • Good Husbandry Practices • Strict Hygiene • Evacuation Of Food Residues, Dirt And Excreta

Ideal Biosecurity Programme

@Dr.Kedar Karki

@Dr.Kedar Karki