Poisoning In Livestocks

Poisoning in livestocks Kedar

Mycotoxins • • • • • • • • •

Compound Aflatoxin • Zearalenone • Trichothecenes Ergot • Ochratoxin • Slaframine • Tremorgens • Fumonisins

• • • • • • • • •

Disease Liver damage Estrogen-like toxicity Tissue injury/feed refusal Dry gangrene Renal damage Salivation Brain damage Brain/lung damage

Moldy corn poisoning - horse

Suspect toxicoses • Multiple sudden deaths • Concurrent recent change in management • With many toxicants: – Nonspecific clinical signs – Nonspecific lesions – Absence of lesions is a clue • SPECIFIC analyses required for each compound • Autopsy-guided toxicology • Common things are common, esp. errors of management and decimal errors • ‘Shotgun testing’ prohibitively expensive

Toxic causes of sudden death in cattle • • • • • •

OPs/carbamates Metals: lead, copper, arsenic Ionophores Botulism Sulfates Water deprivation/sodium ion toxicity • Urea non-protein nitrogen • Toxic plants and algae

Toxic causes of sudden death in horses • • • • • • • •

OPs/carbamates Arsenic Ionophores Botulism 4-aminopyridine (avicide) Cantharidin in blister beetles Botulism Toxic plants (not in WY): red maple, yew, poison and water hemlock, oleander

Toxic causes of sudden death in sheep • • • • •

Copper Ionophores PEM – sulfate? Selenium (inj.) Toxic plants: halogeton; greasewood; death camus • Biological toxins: tetanus; purple gut

Toxicology screens possible for • –Most but not all performanceenhancing drugs • – Heavy metals • –Mycotoxins • – Nutritional screens (heavy metals)

Establishing cause of suspected poisoning • • • • • • • •

Really useful samples: CARCASS FEED Rumen/stomach contents Brain Liver Kidney CSF and aqueous humor

• For specific toxicants: • Fat Urine • Hair/hoof • Water • Lung

PHOTOGRAPHS OF SCENE IF LEGAL ISSUE

Toxic insecticides Organophosphorus/carbamate insecticides Furadan, Temik, Parathion, Malathion • Sources: – Accidental feeding concentrated granular insecticides – Excessive application to crops and/or inadequate withdrawal times – Malicious

Toxic insecticides Organophosphorus/carbam ate insecticides

• Action: competitive inhibition of AChE in receptors • Result: excessive ACh and neurotransmssion – OP: irreversible. – Carbamate: reversible Clinical effect: – Muscarinic signs: SLUD – SLUD = salivation, lacrymation, urination, diarrhea – Nicotinic signs: neuromuscular

Organochlorine insecticides aldrin/dieldrin/heptachlor/toxap hene/DDT • Slow to degrade • Slow to be excreted • Acute effects: – Na/K channels. • Convulsions • Regulated or bann

• Highly lipid soluble – Quickly absorbed – Bioaccumulation • Related to DDT • Human residue concerns – Regulatory tagging – Withhold from slaughter – ?Euthanize/bury

Copper poisoning

Photosensitization