Beyond 3g : Technology And Market Trends By Hyung G. Myung

Beyond 3G : Technology and Market Trends 2008.10.25 Hyung G. Myung

Disclaimer

Any views expressed by the presenter do not necessarily reflect those of presenter’s employer.

1

Wireless Evolution

1973

2008

Analog voice

Voice + 3.6 Mbps data + GPS + Full Internet browsing + Multimedia messaging + Multimedia entertainment +… 2

Outline Introduction and Background

Standardization Status

Beyond-3G Systems: 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, & WiMAX

Market Trends

Summary and References 3

Introduction and Background Standardization Status Beyond-3G Systems Market Trends Summary and References

Introduction and Background

Cellular Wireless System Evolution Generation

Comments

Systems

1G

•Analog speech communications •FDMA

AMPS

2G

•Digital modulation of speech communications •Advanced security and roaming •TDMA/narrowband CDMA

GSM IS-95 PDC

3G

•International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2000 introduced 3G global standard. •Global harmonization/roaming and wideband CDMA

UMTS/WCDMA cdma2000 TD-SCDMA

4G

•Systems beyond IMT-2000 (IMT-Advanced) to introduce evolutionary path beyond 3G. •Mobile class targets 100 Mbps and nomadic/ local area class targets 1 Gbps.

3GPP LTE 3GPP2 UMB WiMAX 5

Introduction and Background

Beyond 3G: IMTIMT-Advanced

*3G Americas, “Defining 4G: Understanding the ITU Process for the Next Generation of Wireless Technology”, Aug. 2008

6

Introduction and Background

Beyond 3G: IMTIMT-Advanced

- cont.

• Higher data rate – Broader bandwidth – Advanced modulation and coding – Increased degree of freedom: MIMO

• Better spectrum efficiency – Multi-carrier modulation

• Lower latency – Flat all-IP architecture

• Multimedia traffic – Quality of service (QoS) support

7

Introduction and Background

B3G Enabling Technologies • Multi-carrier modulation – OFDM/OFDMA

• Power efficient modulation in the uplink – Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

• Frequency domain equalization • Multi-antenna technology – Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

• Fast channel-dependent multi-carrier resource scheduling • Active interference management – Fractional frequency reuse

8

Introduction and Background

Standardization Status Beyond-3G Systems Market Trends Summary and References

Standardization Status

3GPP Evolution • Release 99 (Mar. 2000): UMTS/WCDMA • Rel-5 (Mar. 2002): HSDPA • Rel-6 (Mar. 2005): HSUPA • Rel-7 (2007): DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), optimized realtime services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk). • Long Term Evolution (LTE) – 3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started in November 2004. – Standardized in the form of Rel-8.

• LTE-Advanced – More bandwidth (up to 100 MHz). – Backward compatible with LTE. – Standardization in progress (targeted for Rel-10). 10

Standardization Status

3GPP2 Evolution

• CDMA2000 1X (1999) • CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (2000) • EV-DO Rev. A (2004): VoIP • EV-DO Rev. B (2006): Multi-carrier • Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), previously EV-DO Rev. C – Based on EV-DO, IEEE 802.20, and FLASH-OFDM – Spec out in Apr. 2007.

11

Standardization Status

WiMAX

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • IEEE 802.16-based system profile maintained by WiMAX Forum – IEEE 802.16 standards only specify PHY and MAC layers. WiMAX specifies overall system profile based on 802.16 air interface. – WiMAX Forum certifies system components to ensure inter -operability.

• Mobile WiMAX – Based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 and IEEE 802.16-2004 standards.

12

Standardization Status

IEEE 802.16 Evolution

• 802.16 (2002): Line-of-sight fixed operation in 10 to 66 GHz • 802.16a (2003): Air interface support for 2 to 11 GHz • 802.16d (2004): Minor improvements to fixes to 16a • 802.16e (2006): Support for vehicular mobility and asymmetrical link • 802.16m (in progress): Higher data rate, reduced latency, and efficient security mechanism

13

Introduction and Background Standardization Status

Beyond-3G Systems Market Trends Summary and References

Beyond-3G Systems

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) • Multiple access scheme – DL: OFDMA. – UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA).

• Adaptive modulation and coding – DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM – Convolutional code and Rel-6 turbo code

• Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques – (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported. – Multi-user MIMO also supported.

• Support for both FDD and TDD • H-ARQ, mobility support, rate control, security, and etc. 15

Beyond-3G Systems

LTE Network Architecture • E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

UMTS 3G: UTRAN

MME S-GW/P-GW

GGSN

MME S-GW/P-GW

SGSN RNC

S1

RNC eNB

eNB X2

NB

NB

NB

NB

eNB

eNB

E-UTRAN NB: NodeB (base station) RNC: Radio Network Controller SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node

* 3GPP TS 36.300

eNB: E-UTRAN NodeB MME: Mobility Management Entity S-GW: Serving Gateway P-GW: PDN (Packet Data Network) Gateway

16

Beyond-3G Systems

3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) • Multiples access schemes – Forward link (FL): OFDMA – Reverse link (RL): OFDMA & quasi-orthogonal CDMA

• Peak data rate – Up to 280 Mbps in FL and up to 68Mbps in RL.

• Advanced MIMO and SDMA • Low latency • Improved interference management techniques • Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture and flexible spectrum allocations – Bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz – Support for both FDD and TDD

17

Beyond-3G Systems

UMB Network Architecture 1xEV-DO

UMB

Internet

Internet

PDSN RNC Gateway IP Network AN

AN

AN: Access Network RNC: Radio Network Controller PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node

AN

AN

AN

AN

AN

AN

18

Beyond-3G Systems

Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) • Multiple access scheme – DL & UL: OFDMA

• TDD only • Scalable spectrum – 5, 7, 8.5, and 10 MHz

• Advanced MIMO and SDMA • QoS, high mobility, handoff, advanced security, etc.

19

Beyond-3G Systems

Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture

Mobile terminals

Mobile WiMAX base station

ASN-GW

CSN

ASN ASN ASN-GW: Access Service Network Gateway ASN: Access Service Network CSN: Core Service Network 20

Beyond-3G Systems

System Comparison 3GPP2 UMB

3GPP LTE

Mobile WiMAX (802.16e)

1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz

1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 MHz

5, 7, 8.75, and 10 MHz

DL multiple access

OFDMA

OFDMA

OFDMA

UL multiple access

SC-FDMA

OFDMA and CDMA

OFDMA

FDD and TDD

FDD and TDD

TDD

Localized

Localized and distributed

Localized and distributed

Yes

Yes

Yes

QPSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM

QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM

QPSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM

15 kHz

9.6 kHz

10.94 kHz

512

512

512

Convolutional coding and turbo coding.

Convolutional coding, turbo coding, and LDPC coding

Convolutional coding and convolutional turbo coding. Block turbo coding and LDPC coding optional.

Multi-layer precoded spatial multiplexing spacetime/frequency block coding, switched transmit diversity, and cyclic delay diversity

Multi-layer precoded spatial multiplexing, space-time transmit diversity, spatial division multiple access, and beamforming.

Beamforming, Space-time coding, and spatial multiplexing

Channel bandwidth

Duplexing Subcarrier mapping Subcarrier hopping Data modulation Subcarrier spacing FFT size (5 MHz)

Channel coding

MIMO

21

Beyond-3G Systems

Peak Data Rate Comparison DL [Mbps]

UL [Mbps]

2.048

0.768

HSDPA (Rel. 5)

14.4

0.768

HSUPA (Rel. 6)

14.4

5.76

HSPA+ (Rel. 7)

42

System WCDMA (Rel. 99)

Comment

11.5 2x2 MIMO

LTE (Rel. 8)

326

86 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0

2.4

0.153

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A

3.1

1.8

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B

9.3

5.4 3 radio channels

UMB

280

68 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz

802.16e WiMAX Wave 1

23

4 1x2 SIMO, 10 MHz (DL:UL=3:1)

802.16e WiMAX Wave 2

46

4 2x2 MIMO, 10 MHz (DL:UL=3:1)

225

33.75 Target values, 20 MHz (DL:UL = 3:1)

802.16m

*Rysavy Research & 3G Americas, “EDGE, HSPA and LTE Broadband Innovation”, Sep. 2008

22

Introduction and Background Standardization Status Beyond-3G Systems

Market Trends Summary and References

Market Trends

Operator Trends • All GSM/UMTS operators are migrating to LTE. – Most will delay commercializing LTE because of HSPA deployment. – As was the case with WCDMA, NTT DoCoMo will be the most aggressive in deploying commercial LTE network.

• Major CDMA2000 operators likely to defect to LTE. – Verizon Wireless, TELUS, KDDI, etc.

• China’s TD-SCDMA will migrate to LTE-TDD. – China Mobile is planning a trial starting in 2010.

• WiMAX is drawing serious attentions mostly from Asia-Pacific region and developing nations. – No major operator commitment except for Sprint Nextel (Xohm).

• UMB is practically out of the picture at the moment. 24

Market Trends

Device Trends • Ultra Mobile Device (UMD) – Mobile Internet Device (MID), Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), Micro PC, Netbook, etc. – Full-fledged OS: Windows XP/Vista, Linux, OS X, etc. – Broad range of multimedia software – Full internet browsing

• UMDs and mobile PCs will be key drivers for mobile data usage.

Asus Eee PC 900 •Intel 900MHz CPU with Windows XP •8.9” 1024x600 display •1 GB memory with 20 GB SSD •1.3 Mpixel webcam •~$500 25

Market Trends

Application Trends • Identifying “killer” applications will be crucial.

Killer Application

1G: Voice

2G: Voice, SMS

3G: Voice, SMS, full browsing?, UGC?

4G: Voice, SMS, ??? 26

Market Trends

Application Trends

- cont.

• Open platform • Example: Apple iPhone App Store – 60 million downloads in 30 days. – VC Kleiner Perkins starts $100M fund for startups developing iPhone applications.

27

Market Trends

Collaborative Trends

• Example 1: Amazon Kindle – Wireless eBook – Collaboration with Qualcomm and Sprint

28

Market Trends

Collaborative Trends

- cont.

• Example 2: Google Android phone Open Handset Alliance Operator

Handset

Chip

Software

29

Market Trends

Collaborative Trends

- cont.

• Example 3: Fashion phones Prada + LG

Armani + Samsung

30

Introduction and Background Beyond-3G Systems Standardization Status Market Trends

Summary and References

Summary and References

Summary • Key technologies of Beyond-3G systems – Multicarrier-based radio air interface • OFDMA and SC-FDMA

– Frequency domain equalization – IP-based flat network architecture – Multi-antenna technology • MIMO

– Active interference avoidance and coordination • Fractional frequency re-use (FFR)

– Fast frequency-selective multi-carrier resource scheduling

• Key Beyond-3G Systems – 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) – IEEE 802.16-based WiMAX – 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) 32

Summary and References

Summary

- cont.

• LTE will be the dominant cellular wireless standard for 4G. • Ultra mobile devices (UMD) will be the center of mobile devices. • Application will be key to the market development. – What is the “Killer Application” for 3G/4G?

• Open platform will be essential for attracting users. • Multi-industry collaboration will become a major source of innovation.

33

Summary and References

References and Resources • IMT-Advanced – ITU web page: http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/rsg5-imt-advanced/ – 3G Americas, “Defining 4G: Understanding the ITU Process for the Next Generation of Wireless Technology”, available at http://3gamericas.org/PDFs/Defining4G2008.pdf

• B3G enabling technologies – OFDM/OFDMA • R. van Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, Artech House, 2000.

– SC-FDMA • H. G. Myung and D. J. Goodman, Single Carrier FDMA: A New Air Interface for Long Term Evolution, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. • H. G. Myung et al., “Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Mag., vol. 1, no. 3, Sep. 2006. • http://hgmyung.googlepages.com/scfdma 34

Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

– Frequency domain equalization • D. Falconer et al., “Frequency Domain Equalization for Single-Carrier Broadband Wireless Systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, Apr. 2002, pp. 58-66.

– MIMO • A. Paulraj et al., Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, May 2003. • G. L. Stüber et al., “Broadband MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications ,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Feb. 2004, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 271-294.

– Multicarrier scheduling • G. Song and Y. Li, “Utility-based Resource Allocation and Scheduling in OFDM-based Wireless Broadband Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, no. 12, Dec. 2005, pp. 127-134.

35

Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

• 3GPP LTE – http://www.LTEwatch.com – Spec • http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm • http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25814.htm (old)

– E. Dahlman et al., 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press, 2008 – 3G Americas, “UMTS Evolution: From 3GPP Release 7 to Release 8, HSPA and SAE/LTE" available at http://3gamericas.org/PDFs/3GPPRel-7andRel-8_White_Paper0708-08.pdf

36

Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

• 3GPP2 UMB – Spec (C.S0084 series) • http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm

– CTIA Wireless 2007 Special Interest Seminar on UMB available at http://www.cdg.org/news/events/CDMASeminar/070327_UMB/in dex.asp – CDG Evolution Path available at http://www.cdg.org/news/events/webcast/061213_webcast/CD G%20Charts%20for%20Roadmap%20Webcast_13DEC2006F.pdf

• FLASH-OFDM – R. Laroia et al., “Designing a Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Network,” IEEE Signal Proc. Mag., vol. 21, no. 5, Sep. 2004, pp. 2028

37

Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

• WiMAX – IEEE 802.16e Spec • http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf

– WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile: http://www.wimaxforum.org/ technology/documents/wimax_forum_mobile_system_profile_v1_ 40.pdf – WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX - Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation,” available at http://www.wimaxforum.or g/technology/downloads/Mobile_WiMAX_Part1_Overview_and_P erformance.pdf – K. Balachandran et al., “Design and Analysis of an IEEE 802.16ebased OFDMA Communication System,” Bell Labs Tech. Jour., vol. 11, no. 4, Mar. 2007, pp. 53-73 – IEEE 802.16m activities • http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/16/tgm/

38

Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

• 4G market reports – “The Road to 4G: LTE and WiMAX Lead the Way Worldwide”, In-Stat (Oct. '08) – “The Future of Mobile WiMAX: Where, When & How Much?”, Unstrung Insider (Sep. ’08) – “4G Inside: Embedded Modules for Mobile WiMAX & LTE”, Unstrung Insider (Jul. ’08) – “Long Term Evolution”, ABI research (Jun. ’08) – “Mobile WiMAX in Asia-Pacific”, ABI research (May, ’08) – “The LTE Business Case: Operator and Vendor Strategies”, ARCchart (Apr. ’08) – “4G Intellectual Property and Royalties”, ABI research (Mar., ’08) – “Evolved HSPA & the Roadmap to LTE”, Unstrung Insider (Oct. ’07) – “The Road to 4G: Will LTE, UMB and WiMAX Just Be Stops Along the Way?”, In-Stat (Aug. ’07) 39

Thank you! 2008.10.25 Hyung G. Myung