Behavior Study

Cattell 16PF Profile (Personality measuring test) The Cattell 16PF (16 Personality Factor) model is probably the most-widely used system for categorizing and defining personality. Other similar systems exist and may be preferred by certain organizations and professionals, but it's the 16PF in its various forms that is universally understood. The 16PF defines our basic, underlying personality, without regard to how we apply it or the environment in which we apply it.

The 16 Personality Factors Each factor can be measured on a scale, determined by completing a questionnaire, and the word pairs below indicate the extremes of each scale. The letter codes were ascribed to each scale as a shorthand notation. Factor Descriptors A Warmth

Reserved Outgoing

B Reasoning

Less Intelligent More Intelligent

C Emotional Stability E Dominance

Humble Assertive

F Liveliness G

Affected by feelings Emotionally stable Sober Happy-go-lucky

Rule Consciousness

H Social Boldness I Sensitivity

Expedient Conscientious Shy Venturesome Tough-minded Tender-minded

L Vigilance

Trusting Suspicious

M Abstractedness

Practical Imaginative

N Private ness

Straightforward Shrewd

O Apprehension

Self-Assured Apprehensive

Openness to Change

Conservative Experimenting

Q1

Q2 Self-Reliance

Group-dependent Self-sufficient

Q3 Perfectionism Q4 Tension

Self-conflict Self-control Relaxed Tense

Rorschach Inkblot Test (Personality measuring test) “The Rorschach inkblot test is a method of psychological evaluation. Psychologists use this test to try to examine the personality characteristics and emotional functioning of their patients.”  The Rorschach is currently the second most commonly used test in forensic assessment, after the MMPI.  There are ten official inkblots. Five inkblots are black ink on white. Two are black and red ink on white. Three are multicolored.

 The psychologist shows the inkblots in a particular order and asks the patient, for each card. And information that patient provide is noted down after seeing those cards.  Through mathematics and existing empirical research interpretation is made. Both are done electronically.  A common misconception of the Rorschach test is that its interpretation is based primarily on the contents of the response- what the examinee sees in the inkblot. In fact, the contents of the response are only a comparatively small portion of a broader cluster of variables that are used to interpret the Rorschach data.

Thematic Apperception Test (Personality measuring test) The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. • In the case of the TAT, the ambiguous materials consist of a set of cards that portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations. The subject is asked to tell the examiner a story about each card that includes the following elements: the event shown in the picture; what the characters in the picture are feeling and thinking; and the outcome of the event. • Because the TAT is an example of a projective instrument— that is, it asks the subject to project his or her habitual patterns of thought and emotional responses onto the pictures on the cards • The TAT was first developed in 1935 by Henry Murray, Christiana Morgan, and their colleagues at the Harvard Psychological Clinic. •

Personality attribute influencing OB  Narcissism “A pattern of traits and behaviors which signify infatuation and obsession with one's self to the exclusion of all others and the egotistic and ruthless pursuit of one's gratification, dominance and ambition.”

 The name was chosen by Sigmund Freud, from the Greek myth of Narcissus, who was doomed to fall in love with his own reflection in a pool of water.  Most narcissists (75%) are men.  There is a whole range of narcissistic reactions - from the mild, reactive and transient to the permanent personality disorder.  Machiavellianism is a perspective, not a philosophy or a religion.  The onset of narcissism is in infancy, childhood and early adolescence 

 Self-Monitoring Behavior  Some people are sensitive to how other sees them, while others are not.  People who are high self-monitors constantly watch other people, what they do and how they respond to the behavior of others. Such people are hence very selfconscious and like to 'look good' and will hence usually adapt well to differing social situations.  On the other hand, low self-monitors are generally oblivious to how other see them and hence march to their own different drum.  In advertising, high self-monitors respond more to image-based ads that promise to make them look good, whilst low self-monitors respond better to product-based ads and prefer high quality goods.

Example Have you ever been to a club and seen some people dancing with wild abandon whilst other shuffles nonchalantly? The wild dancers are low self-monitors, whilst the shufflers are probably high self-monitors.

 Risk-Taking  Risk is a concept that denotes the precise probability of specific eventualities. Technically, the notion of risk is independent from the notion of value and, as such, eventualities may have both beneficial and adverse consequences.  In general usage the convention is to focus only on potential negative impact to some characteristic of value that may arise from a future event.  Optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation have been found to be root causes of risk Or

High Risk-taking Managers  Make quicker decisions  Use less information to make decisions  Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial Organizations Low Risk-taking Managers

 Are slower to make decisions  Require more information before making decisions  Exist in larger organizations with stable environments.

 Type A’s Personality Type     

They are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; They feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; They strive to think or do two or more things at once; They cannot cope with leisure time; They are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

 Proactive Personality  Word proactive to describe a person who took responsibility for his or her life, rather than looking for causes in outside circumstances or other people  Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.  They Creates positive change in the environment regardless of constraints or obstacles.

 Machiavellianism Machiavellianism is refers to someone who is sneaky, conniving, deceitful, and untrustworthy.  Machiavellianism is, according to the OED, "the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct".  Machiavellianism is also a term that some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person's tendency to deceive and manipulate others for personal gain.  Machiavellianism is refers to someone who is sneaky, conniving, deceitful, and untrustworthy.  A Machiavellian person is often thought to be indifferent to ethical and moral considerations in the same way that a sociopath is incapable of sympathy or compassion. Sometimes the Machiavellian is imagined to be someone who actually prefers double-dealing, back-stabbing methods to any others.  Core Self Evaluation Core self-evaluation theory posits a conceptual and empirical relationship between these traits and job satisfaction. After briefly reviewing core self-evaluation theory, we examine the empirical evidence documenting a relationship between these traits and the two central criteria of interest to I/O psychologists—job satisfaction and job performance. We then examine the relationship between core self-evaluation traits and the Big Five

personality traits. We conclude with a discussion of the contributions and Limitations of core self-evaluation research and opportunities for future research.