Ball Pen(bbk)
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- Pages: 10
PRESENTED BY: STUDENT TRAINER: MRS. RUPALI CLASS : 8TH GROUP LEADER : AMARJIT STUDENTS : VARUN PANKAJ SARITA GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL BASTI BAWA KHEL,JALANDHAR.
CONTENTS
HISTORY DESCRIPTION TYPES PARTS WORKING ACKNOWLEDGMENT
HISTORY OF A BALL-PEN The history of the ball-point pen
In 1879 in Providence, Rhode Island, Alonzo T. Cross invented the stylographic fountain pen, a precursor of the ball-point pen. He engaged in competition with Duncan Mackinnon, the other stylographic pen inventor. In 1880 A. T. Cross separated his business from his father's and renamed his company the A. T. Cross - Pen and Pencil Manufacturer. . However, the first man to actually develop and launch a ballpoint pen was the Hungarian László Jozsef Bíró (1899-1985) from Budapest, who in 1938 invented a ball-point pen with a pressurized ink cartridge. He is considered the inventor of today's ball-point pen.. Since the thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib, he fitted his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. Moving along the paper, the ball rotates picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. This principle of the ballpoint pen dates back to a never commercially exploited patent of 1888 owned by John J. Loud for a product to mark leather.
DESCRIPTION
The tip of a common disposable ballpoint pen. The ball, with dark ink on it, can be seen. There are two basic types of ball point pen: disposable and refillable. Disposable pens are chiefly made of plastic throughout and discarded when the ink is consumed; refillable pens are metal or plastic and tend to be higher in quality and price. The refill tends to replace the entire internal ink reservoir and ball point unit rather than actually refilling it with ink.
TYPES OF BALL PENS
The simplest types of ball point pens have a fat cap to cover the tip when the pen is not in use, while others have a mechanism for retracting the tip. This is usually controlled by a button at the bottom and powered by a spring within the pen apparatus, but other possibilities include a pair of buttons, a screw, or a slide. Rollerball pens, which combine the ballpoint design with the use of liquid ink and flow systems from fountain pens; "Space Pens", developed by Fisher in the United States, which combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas pressurized piston which forces the ink toward the point. This design allows the pen to write even upside down or in zero gravity environments.
PARTS
Ballpoint pens are ubiquitous in modern culture. While other forms of pen are available, ballpoint pens are certainly the most common and almost every household is likely to have several dozen. The fact that they are so cheaply available (costing from just a few cents/pence to produce) and so convenient to use means they are often to be found on desks and also in pockets, handbags, purses, bags and in cars—almost anywhere where one could conceivably need to use a pen. Ballpoint pens are often provided free by businesses as a form of advertising—printed with a company's name, a ballpoint pen is a relatively low cost advertisement that is highly effective
WORKING
Ballpoint pens have three characteristics that distinguish them from rollerball systems. First, the ink flow increases with pressure. A rollerball will typically lay down its line without pressure. Second, they write with the greatest ink flow when perpendicular to the paper, but as the angle is increased the line width gradually decreases; at some angle, when the edge of the ball socket brushes against the surface of the paper, the line width is reduced to zero and the pen ceases to write. (By way of contrast, a rollerball pen has a thin line when perpendicular to the paper, but the line width increases suddenly as the angle is increased and a blob forms between the tip of the ball and the edge of the socket.) Third, a ballpoint pen's ink is typically not as bright on paper as its liquid or gel ink counterparts
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
WE ARE THANKFUL TO OUR TEACHER AND DE—PROGRAM. THANKS
CONTENTS
HISTORY DESCRIPTION TYPES PARTS WORKING ACKNOWLEDGMENT
HISTORY OF A BALL-PEN The history of the ball-point pen
In 1879 in Providence, Rhode Island, Alonzo T. Cross invented the stylographic fountain pen, a precursor of the ball-point pen. He engaged in competition with Duncan Mackinnon, the other stylographic pen inventor. In 1880 A. T. Cross separated his business from his father's and renamed his company the A. T. Cross - Pen and Pencil Manufacturer. . However, the first man to actually develop and launch a ballpoint pen was the Hungarian László Jozsef Bíró (1899-1985) from Budapest, who in 1938 invented a ball-point pen with a pressurized ink cartridge. He is considered the inventor of today's ball-point pen.. Since the thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib, he fitted his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. Moving along the paper, the ball rotates picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. This principle of the ballpoint pen dates back to a never commercially exploited patent of 1888 owned by John J. Loud for a product to mark leather.
DESCRIPTION
The tip of a common disposable ballpoint pen. The ball, with dark ink on it, can be seen. There are two basic types of ball point pen: disposable and refillable. Disposable pens are chiefly made of plastic throughout and discarded when the ink is consumed; refillable pens are metal or plastic and tend to be higher in quality and price. The refill tends to replace the entire internal ink reservoir and ball point unit rather than actually refilling it with ink.
TYPES OF BALL PENS
The simplest types of ball point pens have a fat cap to cover the tip when the pen is not in use, while others have a mechanism for retracting the tip. This is usually controlled by a button at the bottom and powered by a spring within the pen apparatus, but other possibilities include a pair of buttons, a screw, or a slide. Rollerball pens, which combine the ballpoint design with the use of liquid ink and flow systems from fountain pens; "Space Pens", developed by Fisher in the United States, which combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas pressurized piston which forces the ink toward the point. This design allows the pen to write even upside down or in zero gravity environments.
PARTS
Ballpoint pens are ubiquitous in modern culture. While other forms of pen are available, ballpoint pens are certainly the most common and almost every household is likely to have several dozen. The fact that they are so cheaply available (costing from just a few cents/pence to produce) and so convenient to use means they are often to be found on desks and also in pockets, handbags, purses, bags and in cars—almost anywhere where one could conceivably need to use a pen. Ballpoint pens are often provided free by businesses as a form of advertising—printed with a company's name, a ballpoint pen is a relatively low cost advertisement that is highly effective
WORKING
Ballpoint pens have three characteristics that distinguish them from rollerball systems. First, the ink flow increases with pressure. A rollerball will typically lay down its line without pressure. Second, they write with the greatest ink flow when perpendicular to the paper, but as the angle is increased the line width gradually decreases; at some angle, when the edge of the ball socket brushes against the surface of the paper, the line width is reduced to zero and the pen ceases to write. (By way of contrast, a rollerball pen has a thin line when perpendicular to the paper, but the line width increases suddenly as the angle is increased and a blob forms between the tip of the ball and the edge of the socket.) Third, a ballpoint pen's ink is typically not as bright on paper as its liquid or gel ink counterparts
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
WE ARE THANKFUL TO OUR TEACHER AND DE—PROGRAM. THANKS
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