Bab7

  • June 2020
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Bab 7: Perkembangan Fizikal dan Kognitif Pada Peringkat Pertengahan dan Akhir Kanak-Kanak

Perubahan Fizikal dan Kesihatan     

Tumbesaran badan and perubahan Otak Perkembangan pergerakan Senaman Kesihatan dan penyakit - Kemalangan dan kecederaan - Kanser - Penyakit kardiovaskular - Kegemukan 2

Ketidakupayaan  Ketidakupayaan pembelajaran  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

3

Perubahan Kognitif  Teori Piaget - Tahap Operasi Konkrit * conservation, classification, seriation dan transivity - Neo-Piagetians

4

Perubahan Kognitif (samb.)  Pemprosesan maklumat - Memori * strategi, elaboration, fuzzy trace theory - Pemikiran * critical thinking, creative thinking, convergent thinking, divergent thinking, brainstorming - Metacognition

5

Kecerdasan  Ujian Binet - mental age (MA), intelligence quotient (IQ), taburan normal  Skala Wechsler  Jenis-jenis kecerdasan - Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory * analytical, creative, practical - Gardner’s Eight Frames of Mind * verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodilykinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist 6

Taburan Normal dan Skor IQ Stanford Binet

7

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Kecerdasan (samb.)  Interpretasi perbezaan skor IQ - Faktor genetik * heritability - Faktor persekitaran  Kecerdasan ekstrem - Terencat akal * organic retardation, cultural-familial retardation - Giftedness 9

Perkembangan Bahasa  Kosa kata, tata bahasa dan metalinguistic awareness  Membaca - pendekatan whole-language dan phonics  Bilingualism

10

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