Assignment No 2.docx

Assignment No :2 Q1) List out various regions of the earth w.r.t. climatic conditions and write down vegetation flora & founa. Ans: Earth has three main climate zones—tropical, temperate, and polar. These zones can be further divided into smaller zones, each with its own typical climate. A region’s climate, together with its physical characteristics, determines its plant and animal life. Generally, there are six types;

1)TROPICAL: Tropical climates are found mainly around the equator. They have high temperatures and lots of rain throughout the year. Conditions thus are very humid. Because these climates provide plenty of heat and water, they are lush in vegetation and animal life.

PLANTS: Orchids, Banana plants, Bamboo, Fuchsia, Hibiscus, Trumpet vine, Passionflower. ANIMALS: Forest animals, many amphibious and aquatic animals thrive in the warm environment with its abundant water supply, such as frogs, salamanders, fish and snakes. River species include caimans, anacondas and river dolphins.

2)TEMPERATURE: Temperate climates are located in the middle latitudes. They are characterized by fairly equal amounts of cold and warm weather. Temperatures are mild and changes in weather are not extreme. Vegetation in temperate climates is very diverse because the climate can support plants that need cool temperatures and plants that need warm temperatures. Birds such as broad-winged hawks, cardinals, snowy owls, and pileated woodpeckers are also found in this biome. Mammals include white-tailed deer, raccoons, opossums, porcupines, and red foxes. Animals that live in the temperate deciduous forest must be able to adapt to the changing seasons.

3)POLAR: Polar climates, as the name implies, are found mainly around the north and south poles in regions such as Greenland, Northern Siberia and Antarctica. These regions are often covered with snow and ice, with the temperature rarely getting above freezing. Polar climates actually are deserts, because the cold temperatures prevent the air from holding much moisture. PLANTS: Approximately 1,700 species of plants live on the Arctic tundra, including flowering plants, dwarf shrubs, herbs, grasses, mosses, and lichens. The tundra is characterized by permafrost, a layer of soil and partially decomposed organic matter that is frozen year-round.

ANIMALS: Wolves are the top predators of the Arctic tundra, and polar bears dominate the frozen waters deeper in. Seals, killer whales, sea lions, walruses and narwhals can all be commonly spotted feeding on the fish in the Arctic Circle. The animals in Antarctica live on a very carnivorous diet.

4)DRY: Dry climates, also known as desert climates, are known for their lack of moisture. They get only about 10 inches of precipitation all year. Subsequently, vegetation and plant life are sparse. Deserts may be classified either as cool or hot. A cool desert shares the cool winters of its surrounding region. A hot desert stays warm all year, although temperatures can dip to freezing at night. PLANTS: Tumbleweed. Most people recognize this mature Russian thistle as common tumbleweed, Prickly Pear Cacti, Saguaro Cactus, Mexican Poppies, Weathered Trees, Wildflowers, Black Rock Desert, Nevada. ANIMALS: Mostly because of all the plants and animals that call the desert "home". Some animals that live in the hot desert are cold-blooded, like snakes, insects, and lizards. Mammals that live in the desert are usually small, such as the kangaroo rat and kit fox. Sometimes it's hard to survive in the desert.

5)HIGHLAND: Highland climates also are known as mountain climates. They occur at high elevations. There is no good definition for a highland climate because highland climates are influenced by the climates below them at lower elevations. However, because air cools as it rises, highland climates usually have cool temperatures that don't rise much past 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Like polar climates, highland climates don't receive much rain because the surrounding air is too cool to hold a lot of moisture. These climates are found worldwide, with a primary example in the United States being the Rocky Mountains. PLANTS: Reliable plants for this area include thorn less honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthids interims), Arizona cypress (Cupressus labra), crabapple (Malus species), lilac (Syringa species), monks pepper (Vitex angus-cistus), barberry (Berberis species), beauty bush (Kollwitz Amabile’s) and many kinds of junipers ANIMALS:

European beaver, Badger, European otter, Field vole, Goat, Gray wolf , Mink, Moose.

6)CONTINENTAL: Continental climates really are a subcategory of temperate climates. They occur in the middle of continents where the oceans and seas cannot impact temperature and precipitation as much. Continental climates have hot summers and cold winters, but they have four distinct seasons. Because rain usually gets dispersed over land before it can reach the middle of a continent, these regions are drier than some other climates. Vegetation and animals The types of trees there are in a humid continental are a weeping willow, birch, cottonwood, ash, cherry, pitch pine, oak hickory, and maple. The wild flowers are jack in the pulpit, pussy willow, wild carrot, cattail, and chamomile. The Humid continental holds a variety of animals including bears, wolves, coyotes, deer, snakes, squirrels, bison, prairie dogs, and etc. Also, thousands of birds live in this climate region and many migrate.

Q2) Write down seasons of any two countries in detail. Ans: 1) JAPAN Spring (March to May) The best time to visit Japan, with mild weather, Summer (June to August, Autumn (September to November), Winter (December to February). Spring (March to May) The best time to visit Japan, with mild weather and trees blossoming (most famous being the cherry). Warm days, but a sweater is advisable for chilly evenings. Tithe cherry-blossom time which sweeps up the country from south to north is often followed closely by a showery front. Golden Week, the concentration of national holidays at the end of April and the first week of May is the busiest travel season, and best avoided. (In some years, however, the Golden Week period is rather fragmented. Check the dates) What to wear: Summer clothing in the south, sweaters and jacket further north. Showerproof jacket & umbrella advisable. Summer (June to August) Hot (up to 40°C in many places), with oppressive humidity. The only places which escape this are the mountains, and the northern island of Hokkaido. June is usually the rainy season (tutu) for

most of the country, but Hokkaido misses out on this as well, so so it’s a good time to visit. What to wear: light, comfortable clothing which dries easily. Autumn (September to November) September is the time of year with the greatest risk of typhoons. After that, the weather is unpredictable but generally mild. October is a good time for travelling: the humidity is less than in summer but it is still pleasantly warm. The trees show beautiful autumn colours, beginning in northern areas and higher altitudes, and spreading to all areas in November. What to wear: layered clothing, sweaters or jacket in the north or in the hills. Winter (December to February) The northern island of Hokkaido, the Japan Alps and much of the Japan Sea coast get a lot of snow. The rest of the mainland gets some snow, and average temparatures around 1-5°C. But the weather is usually clear, crisp and pleasant, not damp. Tokyo gets very little or no snow. What to wear: warm clothing, winter coat/ski jacket or similar. If travelling in the north, make sure your shoes are suitable for snow.

INDIA Winter Once the monsoons subside, average temperatures gradually fall across India. As the Sun's vertical rays move south of the equator, most of the country experiences moderately cool weather. December and January are the coldest months, with the lowest temperatures occurring in the Indian Himalayas. Temperatures are higher in the east and south. In northwestern India region, virtually cloudless conditions prevail in October and November, resulting in wide diurnal temperature swings; as in much of the Deccan Plateau, they register at 16–20 °C (61–68 °F). However, from January to February, "western disturbances" bring heavy bursts of rain and snow. These extra-tropical low-pressure systems originate in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Summer: Summer in northwestern India starts from April and ends in July, and in the rest of the country from March to May. The temperatures in the north rise as the vertical rays of the Sun reach the Tropic of Cancer. The hottest month for the western and southern regions of the country is April; for most of North India, it is May. Temperatures of 50 °C (122 °F) and higher have been recorded in parts of India during this season. Another striking feature of summer is the Loo (wind). These are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds that blow during the day in India. Direct exposure to these winds may be fatal.[16] In cooler regions of North India, immense pre-monsoon squall-line thunderstorms, known locally as "Nor'westers", commonly drop large hailstones. Rain

The southwest summer monsoon, a four-month period when massive convective thunderstorms dominate India's weather, is Earth's most productive wet season.[37] A product of southeast trade winds originating from a high-pressure mass centred over the southern Indian Ocean, the monsoonal torrents supply over 80% of India's annual rainfall.[38] Attracted by a low-pressure region centred over South Asia, the mass spawns surface winds that ferry humid air into India from the southwest.[39] These inflows ultimately result from a northward shift of the local jet stream, which itself results from rising summer temperatures over Tibet and the Indian subcontinent. The void left by the jet stream, which switches from a route just south of the Himalayas to one tracking north of Tibet, then attracts warm, humid air.

Q3) How are flight path determined.? Ans : An airway or air route is a defined corridor that connects one specified location to another at a specified altitude, along which an aircraft that meets the requirements of the airway may be flown. Airways are defined with segments within a specific altitude block, corridor width, and between fixed geographic coordinates for satellite navigation systems, or between ground-based radio transmitter navigational aids (navaids) (such as VORs or NDBs) or the intersection of specific radials of two navaids. Planes fly in curve path,because earth is not flat Air flows from west to east direction so,many of aircrafts follows this flight path.

Q4)why does time change twice in year in England?. Ans: Day light saving time or british summer time is when the clock move toward an hour in spring before moving back an hourfor Atumn In UK ,In2017 DST begin on Sunday 26 March and end on October 29 By the spring clock forward an hour in march we have an hour of daylight from morning to evening On the 1st Sunday in November we fall back rewind our clock to return to standard time. Typically region that we daylight saving time adjust clock forward one hour close to the start of spring &adjust then backward in the Autumn to standard time.

Q5)Conduct the study between two location of your choice indicating various parameter like frequency of flight & occupation. Ans: Role of aviation industry in India: The Aviation Industry in India is the most rapidly growing aviation sector of the world. With the rise in the economy of the country and followed by the liberalization in the aviation sector, the Aviation Industry in India went through a complete transformation in the recent period.

Types: 1.Civil Aviation, 2.Military aviation. IndiGo, Jet Airways, Air India, Spicejet and GoAir are the major carriers in order of their market share. These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalisation of Indian aviation. Several other foreign airlines connect Indian cities with other major cities across the globe. However, a large section of country's air transport potential remains untapped, even though the Mumbai-Delhi air corridor was ranked 10th by Amadeus in 2012 among the world's busiest routes.[s [7]

Occupation in India OCCUPATION OF INDIA. The main occupation of India is agriculture. India earns 65% of money in agriculture. About 70% of the population is engaged in this activity TOURISM• Tourism is another occupation of India as India is gifted with natural beauty and has a rich tradition of cultural heritage. People all over the world visit India to see its natural beauty, village life and their heritage eg. Taj Mahal. Role of Aviation in China The regulatory role was retained by the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China which is now known as Civil Aviation Administration of China. ... China's passenger airline industry is dominated by the three state-owned airlines; Air China, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. In November 2012 as a result of the rapidly expanding civil aviation there were 182 commercial airports in China.[1] Under the 2011-2015 national plan, 82 new commercial airports are to be constructed.[1] Around 500 airports of all types and sizes were in operation in 2007, about 400 of which had paved runways and about 100 of which had runways of 3,047 m or shorter. There also were 35 heliports in 2007, an increasingly used type of facility. With the additional airports came a proliferation of airlines. China has the fastest growing passenger air market of any country in the world (by total passenger numbers) and between 2009 and 2014 the number of passengers increased over 47% from 266,293,020 to 390,878,784.[2] In 2014 China was second only to the United States in total numbers of passengers carried.[2] Occupation In China: 1. Lots of Chinese businesses produce copies of different products like the iphone, and sell at a cheaper price.• 80 percent of Chinas exports are manufactured goods - electronic equipment, and include toys, DVD players, mobile phones, shoes, clothes. 2. 7. Jobs in China• Administration Jobs in China Aerospace Jobs in China Construction & Trades Jobs in China Creative Industries Jobs in China Customer Service & Helpdesk Jobs in China Education Jobs in China