Assignment 1a 2009

THEORIES OF LEARNING Learning: According to Wakefield (1996:364) “learning implies the permanent change of behavior of an individual after his or her experience”. Sometimes the prior knowledge can help an individual to use it as a tool to solve problems which he wants encountered in the past and we can say he learn better from his previous experience.

Knowledge: The definition of knowledge will depend on the person who is making a research about something because everybody is having an inborn knowledge about something but this needs to be shaped into a better results. According to Bruning etc. they make a distinction between three types of knowledge i.e. Declarative(Factual ), Procedural(skills of doing things ) and Metacognitive (awareness of how we think) knowledge. Teaching: This is the helping of a human being to use his cognitive skills to solve problems after he acquire factual and knowledge after the Teacher help him to acquire them. For teaching to take place effectively the Teacher must consider the following three things, i.e. planning , interaction and assessment.

Student no: 200832741

Assignment 1 Theories of learning

THEEORIES OF LEARNING

BEHAVOURIST

Thorndike Stimulus

Watson

CON

COGNITIVIST

Skinner

Classical conditioning Operant behaviour

Response

Behaviour Classical conditioning (Reward)

Reward

Habit

Knowl

Knowledge as given and absolute

Basi Mea Who Appl Soci

Piaget ( Developmental Stages)

The sensorimotor stage

Vygotsk

The preoperational stage Criticism of Behaviourism

Culture

The concrete operational stage

Social int

ot account for all types leaning, Not explain some form of learning

Gestalt Theory Proximity

Similarity

Closure

Köhler

Wertheimer

Formal operational stage Assimilated Equilibrium Disequilibrium accommodate

Zone of proxima

Insight Overall structure of the problem

Simplicity

Student no: 200832741

Assignment 1 Theories of learning