Asian Med Pathologies

Basic Pathologies

Nature

Wind - Yang in nature - Used as a source for other factors to enter - Arises quickly and changes rapidly - Moves around - Affects upper part of body - Lungs are affected first - Causes itching

Wind Cold

Wind Heat

Causes

Cold - Yin in nature - Contracts - Usually invades hands, arms, feet, knees, low back, shoulders

Heat - Yang in nature - Expansive

- Yin excess … or - Yang deficiency … or - Cold Pathogen - Craves warmth, aversion to cold, cold limbs - Pale complexion - Lack of thirst - Loose stool - Clear and profuse urine - Sleepiness - Severe localized pain

- Yang excess … or - Yin deficiency … or - Heat pathogen - High fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation - Red face, eyes, complexion - Thirst - Constipation - Scanty, dark yellow urine - Restlessness

Dampness - Yin in nature - From damp environments - Sticky and difficult to get rid of - HEAVY & SLOW - Tens to invade lower body

Dryness - Yang in nature - Usually from very dry weather - Internal Dryness is from Yin Deficiency

Summer Heat - Yang in nature - Only in the summer - Like a heat stroke

- Feeling of heaviness - No appetite - Cloudiness of discharges

- All symptoms are DRY

- Aversion to heat - Sweating - Headache - Scanty dark urine - Dry lips - Thirst - May see delirium, slurred, speech and unconsciousness

Symptoms

- Aversion to cold and/or wind - Sneezing - Cough - Runny nose with white discharge - Slight or no fever - Occipital stiffness and aches - No sweating or thirst

- Aversion to cold - Sneezing - Cough - Runny nose with slight yellow mucus - Slight sweating - Itchy and sore throat - Swollen tonsils - Thirst

Tongue

Thin, white coat

Yellow coating

Sticky coat

Red on the sides and tip

Floating, tight

Red on tip or sides, thin white coat (will take time) Floating and rapid

White coating

Pulses

Slow

Rapid

Slippery

Rapid

Interior - Refers to location of disorder - Internal organs and bones (incl. Qi and Blood)

Excess (Full) - Refers to strength of either the pathogen, or the body’s substances (qi, blood, fluids, jing, yin, yang, …)

Deficiency (Empty) - Refers to strength of either the pathogen, or the body’s substances (qi, blood, fluids, jing, yin, yang, …)

Yin - Yin is considered deficiency, interior, and cold - Usually patients present with a combination of yin and yang - Yin Deficiency = Blood Def. + Heat Sxs

Yang - Yang is considered excess, exterior, and heat - Usually patients present with a combination of yin and yang - Yang Deficiency = Qi Def. + Cold Sxs

- pathologic factors in the body with no signs of weakened bodily resistance

- Can be due to loss or hypo function of qi, blood, yin, or yang

- Can occur when body’s functions become hyperactive or when there is an accumulation of substances like Qi or blood - Forceful movement - Loud and full voice - Restlessness - Anything aggravated by pressure - Irritability - Heavy breathing - Acute conditions

- Poorly functioning organs can lead to deficiency

- Frail and weak movement - Feeble voice - Listlessness - Anything alleviated by pressure - Shallow breathing - Spontaneous sweating (no stimulus) - Chronic conditions Pale tongue with little or no coating Empty, thin, or weak

- Low grade fever or afternoon fever - 5 center heat sensation - dry throat at night - night sweats - emaciation - floating

-

Red peeled, dry

Pale and wet

Weak

Weak

Exterior Excess

Interior Cold

Interior Heat

- Yang Deficiency - (Excess)

- Yin Deficiency - (Excess)

-

-

Nature

Exterior - Refers to location of disorder - Skin, hair, muscles and channels

Causes

Symptoms

- Chills - Fevers - Sore limbs - runny nose - Cough - Aversion to wind, cold or heat

- Changes in stool or urine - High fever with no fear of cold - Fever without chills - Chills without fever - Pain in trunk - Tongue and body changes

Tongue

Rough, thick coating

Pulses

Strong, full

Exterior/Interior – Cold/Heat – Excess/Deficiency Exterior Cold Exterior Heat Nature

Exterior Deficiency - Seen as a disharmony between Wei Qi and Ying Qi - Wei Qi is low and Yin Qi is high; Wei Qi cannot contain Ying Qi => sweating

Causes

Symptoms

Tongue

- NO SWEAT - Runny nose with clear or white discharge - Cough with white sputum

- Runny nose with thick yellow discharge - Cough with yellow sputum - Sore throat - Slight sweating

- Sweating - Intolerance to wind

- No sweating - General aching

Chills Cold limbs No thirst Loose stools Clear or profuse urine

Pale with white coat

Chilliness Cold limbs No thirst Desire for hot drinks Loose stools Frequent pale urination

High fever Thirst Irritability Flushed face Constipation Deep yellow, scanty urine

Red with yellow coat

Interior Deficiency

-

Feeble breathing Apathy Lassitude Dizziness

Pale with thin white coat

Interior Excess

- Cold, heat - Qi stagnation, blood stagnation, food stagnation - Damp retention syndromes - Coarse breathing - Loud voice - Irritability - Fullness in chest - Abdominal distention - Constipation Rough body with thick coat

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Pulses

Floating and tense

Floating and rapid

Floating and moderate

Floating and forceful

Deep and slow

Rapid and forceful

Deep and forceful

Deep and forceful

2

Qi Disorders

Nature

Causes

Symptoms

Qi Deficiency Hypo-function of Zang fu organs

- Weakness after a long illness - Improper diet - Emotional stress and depression - Overwork of physical activity - Old age - Lack of physical activity Pale complexion Fatigue Apathy BIG 5 Dizziness Spontaneous sweating LU: No energy to cough Dyspnea Clear and thin sputum Weak voice Aversion to wind Catches cold easily

Qi Sinking - Downward movement of Qi - Difficulty in the holding ability of Qi - Usually occurs in the Middle Burner Same as Qi Deficiency

Qi Stagnation Obstruction of Qi in a certain portion of the body

Qi Rebelling Upward movement of Qi

-

Same as Qi stagnation

- BIG 5 of Qi Deficiency - Distention and sinking sensation in the abdomen - Organ prolaps - Prolonged diarrhea - Urinary incontinence - Miscarriages (habitual)

Travelling pain Distention

Mental depression Emotional stress Improper diet Pathogenic obstruction

ST: Belching Borborgymus Pain + distention in epigastrum LU: Distention and fullness in chest Cough and asthma

HT: Palpitation Shortness of breath Stifling sensation in chest

LV: Pain and distention in hypochondrium Breast distention Mood swings

LU: Cough Wheeze ST: Hiccups Belching Nausea Vomiting LV: Headache Dizziness Vertigo Syncope Coma Hemoptysis Hematemesis

SP: Poor appetite Abdominal distention Loose stool Edema Emaciation KD: Poor hearing Weakness in knees Frequent and clear urinat’n Dribbling and incontinence Nocturnal emissions Watery + clear leukorrhea Tongue Pulses

Pale with teeth marks and thin white coat Weak

Pale with teeth marks and thin white coat Weak

May appear normal or slight purple Wiry

Depending on presiding factor Depending on presiding factor

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Blood Disorders

Nature

Causes

Symptoms

Tongue Pulses

Blood Deficiency Insufficient blood to nourish Zang fu organs

Blood Stagnation Accumulation of blood in an area resulting in decreased blood circulation Sprain or contusions Hemorrhage Slowing of Qi circulation leading to slow blood flow Qi Deficiency Pathogenic cold or heat

Blood Heat

Blood Cold

Exogenous pathogenic heat Obstruction of LV Qi leading to fire

Pathogenic cold

Pricking or cutting pain Fixed pain that does not like pressure Aggravated at night Purplish discoloration or area Mass in abdomen Dark purple hemorrhage Tarry stools Dark complexion Dry, rough, lustreless skin Purpura on skin Cyanosis in lips and finer Nails Amenorrhea

Hemoptysis (coughing blood) Hematemesis (vomitinng “) Hematochezia (stool “) Epistaxis (nose blood) Menorrhagia (uterine “) Subcutaneous bleeding (skin blood) Irritability Restlessness Delirium Mania Coma 5 center feverish sensation Tremors Opisthotonos Convulsions Yin Sxs: Afternoon fever Night sweats Dry mouth and throat

Pain in hands and feet relieved by warmth Purplish and cold skin Lower abdominal pain Oligomenorrhea Dark purple flow with clots

Dark purple or purpura on tongue Thready and choppy

Deep red with yellow or mirror coating Wiry and rapid

Dark pale with white coat

Fluid Deficiency Lack of moisture and nourishment of the organs and tissues

Edema – Yang Retention of fluid subcutaneously

Edema – Yin Retention of fluid subcutaneously

Phlegm Syndrome Thick and turbid fluid retention between organs, meridians and tissues

- SP and ST deficiency - Fluid Loss from a febrile illness, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating or bleeding - DRY – mouth, throat, lips, skin and stool

Dysfunction of LU Damp living conditions Dysfunction of SP (transform + transport) Acute onset of edema in face and eyelids Lustrous skin Scanty urine Aversion to cold Fever Achy Sore Throat

Overstrain Internal injury and excessive sexual activity Weakness of SP and KI Gradual onset of edema esp. below the waist Pitting edema (bilateral) Poor apetite Distention on chest and abdomen Fatigue Soreness and weakness in low back and knees Cold limbs and aversion to cold

Congential Spleen + Stomach Deficiency Hemorrhages Prolonged disease Over meditating Blood stagnation Intestinal parasites Pale complexion Pale lips 4 Pales Pale finger nails Pale conjunctiva Palpitations Insomnia Poor memory Hypertonic muscles Dizziness Blurring vision Night blindness Tremor of limbs Numbness of extremities Oligomenorrhea Amenorrhea Light colored flow

Pale with white coating (5th pale) Thread and weak

Deep, slow and choppy

Fluid Disorders

Nature

Causes

Symptoms

Substantial: can be seen Insubstantial: cant be seen External pathogens Emotional disorders Organ problems (esp. SP, LU, KI) Cough and asthma LU Dry: Viscous and turbid sputum Distention on abdomen SP Damp Cold: Anorexia Nausea or vomiting of phlegm Vertigo LV Wind: Plum feeling in throat Numbness of limbs Nodes and masses HT Heat: Mental confusion Coma Epilepsy Depression Mania

Tongue

Red and dry

Thin white or yellow coat

Pulses

Rapid and thready

Floating or slipper, and rapid

Pale, flabby body with white moist coat Deep and weak

Sticky coat Slipper

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Lung Pathologies Lung Qi Deficiency

Lung Yin Deficiency

Lung Cold

Lung Heat

Lung Dryness

Causes

- Chronic cough or asthma - Insufficiency of Qi production

- Prolonged cough - Heat disorders which injure the lung - Prolonged dryness

- Pathogenic cold in the Lung - Wind Cold

- Pathogenic Heat - Pathogenic Cold turning to Pathogenic Heat in the Lung - Wind Heat

- Pathogenic Dryness (stomach yin deficiency) - Wind heat - Wind Dryness

Phlegm Damp Retention in Lung - Pathogenic Wind, Cold & Damp - Prolonged cough or asthma - Spleen dysfunction of transportation - Cough with frothy or white, sticky sputum - Sputum is easy to expectorate - Stuffiness and fullness in the chest – clogged up - Gurgling sound with sputum in the chest - SOB - Dislikes lying down

Phlegm-Heat Obstructing

Symptoms

- Feeble cough or asthma - SOB, worse on exertion - Low and/or hoarse voice - Aversion to cold - Watery or thin/clear sputum - Catches cold easily - Fatigue - Spontaneous sweating - Dizziness - Pale face (last 4 part of big 5)

- Dry cough (with small amounts of sticky sputum; with blood tinged sputum) - Dry mouth and throat - Afternoon fever - Malar flush - Night sweats - Heat sensation in 5 centers (last five found in generalized yin deficiency)

- Cough - Asthma - Thin, white sputum - Absence of thirst - Runny nose with clear mucus or complicated with aversion to cold - Fever - Headache and body aches - Itchy throat - Sneezing (last 4 are wind cold)

- Cough - Asthma - Yellow sticky sputum - Thirst - Sore throat - Aversion to heat - Chest pain - Yellow purulent sputum with blood - Constipation - Scant, concentrated urine

- Dry cough with little sputum - Sputum too sticky to cough up - Dry nose and throat - Chest pain - Dry skin - Thirst - Hoarse voice

Tongue

Pale tongue with a thin, white coating Weak or empty pulses, especially right cun position

White coat (thin in Wind Cold; thicker in pathogenic cold) Tight

Red body and thin, yellow coat

Pulses

Red body with a dry coat or little coating and maybe cracks or peeling Rapid and thready

Dry tongue with thin coating

Pale with a white, sticky coat

Red body with a thick, sticky yellow coating

Rapid

Rapid and thready

Wiry and slippery

Rapid and slippery

LI Heat-Consumption of Fluid - Excessive consumption of hot foods (lamb, beef, alcohol)

Cold Invading LI

LI Dryness

LI Intestinal Abscess

- Chronic exposure to cold weather with abdomen exposed - Sitting on cold, wet surfaces for long periods - Sudden abdominal pain - Diarrhea with pain - Feeling of cold - Cold sensation in the abdomen

- Blood or Yin Deficiency (elderly, women after delivery, late stages of febrile desease) - Dry and warm climates - Dry stools - Constipation - Dry mouth and throat - Yellow, scanty uring

- Irregular diet habits - Cold and heat imbalance in the abdomen - Excess activity soon after eating - Urgent pain the lower right quadrant (Worse with pressure) - Possibly fever

Thick, white coating

Dry, red or pale body without coating Thready

Red body with thick yellow coat Full and Rapid

- Wind-heat invasion - Smoking - Excesses eating of hot and greasy foods

- Breaking cough - Profuse yellow or green sputum that is foul smelling - Asthma - Heavy feeling in the chest - SOB

Large Intestine Pathologies LI Damp Heat Causes

- Excessive consumption of hot and greasy foods - pathogenic summer heat, damp and heat

Symptoms

- Abdominal pain - Tenesmus - Blood and mucus in the stools - Burning sensation in the anus - Diarrhea with yellow watery stools - Offensive stool odor - Thirst with no desire to drink - Scanty, deep yellow urine - Fever - Sweating Red body with yellow, sticky coating Rapid and slipper

Tongue Pulses

- Constipation - Burning sensation in the mouth - Burning and swelling in the anus - Dark, scanty urine

Red body with thick yellow or brown, dry coat Full and rapid

Deep and wiry

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Heart Pathologies Heart Qi Deficiency

Heart Yang Deficiency

Heart Blood Deficiency

Heart Yin Deficiency

Heart Fire

- Poor constitution - Prolonged illness or sever diseases - Congenital deficiency or senility - Palpitations (strong; worse on exertion) - SOB (worse on exertion) - Low and/or hoarse voice - Fatigue - Spontaneous sweating - Dizziness - Pale Face - Watery and thin/clear sputum - Catches cold easily

Same as for Qi Deficiency

- Prolonged illness - Hemorrhage - Poor blood production - Emotional issues disturbing the mind - Palpitations - Excessive dreams - Poor memory - Dizziness - Anxiety - Easily startled - Pale lips - Insomnia (inability to fall asleep but once asleep it is uninterrupted)

Same as Heart Blood Deficiency

- Mental depression - External pathogens turning to heat inside body - Interior heat excess

- Heart Blood Deficiency plus … - Malar flush - Low-grade or afternoon fever - Dry mouth and throat - 5 center heat sensation - Night sweats - Insomnia (inability to fall asleep and waking up intermittently but sleeping more than awake)

- Palpitations (strong, not agg. by anything) - Thirst - Mouth and tongue ulcers - Mental restlessness (talkative) - Agitated (manic) - Insomnia (cant sleep; more awake than sleep) - Red face - Dark urine or blood in urine - Bitter taste in mouth only in the morning

Tongue

Pale tongue with a thin, white coating

Pale, swollen with a white, smooth or wet coating

Pale and thin with a thin, white coat

Pulses

Weak or empty

Weak and deep, often slow

Weak and thready

- Red body with little or no coat - Red tip with red papules - Deep midline crack extending to tip maybe bifurcating the tip Rapid and thready

Causes

Symptoms

- Heart Qi Deficiency plus …. (worse on - Chills - Cold limbs - Chest pain - Bright pale face

Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart - Mental depression - Phlegm accumulation in the body

Phlegm Misting the Mind

Heart Blood Stagnation

- Congenital in children - Phlegm accumulation in the body

- Insufficiency of Heart Blood and Yang - Mental irritation - Exposure to cold

-

- Palpitations - Stabbing pain in the heart (may radiate to left arm or shoulder) – if acute, call 911; if chronic, treat - Feeling of constriction in the chest Cyanosis of the lips and nails

Red with redder tip

- Mental restlessness - Palpitations - Bitter taste in the morning - Dream-disturbed sleep - Easily startled - Incoherent speech or aphasia - Muttering to oneself - Mental confusion or depression - Irrational behaviour (above 4: phlegm blocks function of any organ) - Tendency to scold or hit people - Uncontrolled laughter, crying, shouting Red with yellow sticky coat

Thick, sticky coat maybe with a swollen body (no heat)

Dark purple or dark purple spots on tongue

Full and rapid

Wiry and slippery

Slippery often slow

Thready and hesitant or with missed beats

Mental confusion Unconsciousness Lethargic stuper Vomiting Aphasia Staring at walls Introverted manner Rattling sound in throat Muttering to oneself Depression

Small Intestine Pathologies

Causes

Symptoms

Tongue Pulses

Full-Heat in SI - Excessive anxiety

- Mental restlessness - Tongue ulcers - Pain in throat - Deafness (SI ends in ear) - Uncomfortable feeling in chest - Abdominal pain (worse with pressure) - Thirst (for cold; better with cold drink) - Scanty and dark urine - Painful urination - Blood in urine (last three are fluid Sxs) Red with redder tip and a yellow coat Rapid and full

SI Qi pain - Excessive consumption of cold and raw foods - Factors which cause Liver Qi stagnation - Lower abdominal twisting pain which may extend to the back - Abdominal distention - Dislikes pressure on abdomen - Borborygmi - Flatulence - Abdominal pain relieved by passing wind - Pain in the testes

SI Deficient & Cold - Excessive consumption of cold and raw foods

White coating

Pale body with white coating

Deep and wiry

Deep, slow, and weak

- Abdominal pain - Desire for hot drinks - Like pressure on abdomen (and warmth) - Borborygmi - Diarrhea - pale and copious urine

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