ASCO 2009 ‐ Highlights ASCO 2009 Individualizando el Cuidado del Cáncer C l i Conclusiones
Sarcoma Melanoma Colon / Recto / Ano GI no colorrectal Mama
Mauricio Lema Medina MD
Cáncer de mama Cáncer de mama
50 años avanzando con la evidencia, y unos pocos retrocediendo con el deseo...
Manejo Loco-Regional Radioterapia post mastectomía en enfermedad N1 Disección ganglionar axilar en micrometástasis
Biomarcadores en cáncer temprano
Estudios seleccionados como los más importantes
Chemo‐N0: uPA/PAI‐1 70‐gene profile I‐SPY‐Trial E2197 P fil E2197: Perfil genético en triple negativos éti ti l ti
Tratamiento sistémico enfermedad temprana Cisplatino en mutaciones BRCA Inhibidores de la CYP2D6 y tamoxifén Disfunción cognitiva con Letrozol / Tamoxifén Salud ósea e inhibición del RANKL Salud ósea e inhibición del RANKL
16 Estudios
Cáncer de mama avanzado RIBBON 1: Otro estudio con Bevacizumab RIBBON‐1: Otro estudio con Bevacizumab Doc/GemCap vs Doc/CapGem T‐DM1: Esperanza luego de Trastuzumab La historia del PARP‐1
Letalidad sintética
Letalidad sintética Letalidad resultante de la interacción Letalidad resultante de la interacción simultánea de factores no letales en forma aislada
Iglehart, J. Dirk, Silver, Daniel P. Synthetic Lethality ‐‐ A New Direction in Cancer‐Drug Development N Engl J Med 2009 361: 189‐191
Iglehart, J. Dirk, Silver, Daniel P. Synthetic Lethality ‐‐ A New Direction in Cancer‐Drug Development N Engl J Med 2009 361: 189‐191
Iglehart, J. Dirk, Silver, Daniel P. Synthetic Lethality ‐‐ A New Direction in Cancer‐Drug Development N Engl J Med 2009 361: 189‐191
Iglehart, J. Dirk, Silver, Daniel P. Synthetic Lethality ‐‐ A New Direction in Cancer‐Drug Development N Engl J Med 2009 361: 189‐191
Neoadjuvant Study: Design Neoadjuvant Study: Design
BRCA1 mutation carriers, primary breast cancer
Cisplatin 75 mg/m2 q 3 wks IV x 4 cycles k l N = 10 N = 10
25
S U R G E R Y
AC
Primary endpoint: pCR (in breast and axilla, DCIS permitted)
Gronwald J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 502.
Neoadjuvant Study: Response to Treatment j y p Response Clinical response CR PR Pathologic response Complete pathologic response PR No response Residual disease in breast None < 1 cm 1-5 cm > 5 cm Number of lymph y p nodes p positive 0 1-3 4-9 >9 Gronwald J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 502.
No.
%
18 7
72 28
18
72
7 0
28 0
19 0 6 0
76 0 24 0
21 4 0 0
84 16 0 0
Cisplatino en BRCA1 Cisplatino en BRCA1 Los tumores asociados a BRCA1 responden bien a quimioterapia Los tumores asociados a BRCA1 responden bien a quimioterapia basadas en cisplatino La elección de tratamiento puede optimizarse con evaluando el BRCA1
Cisplatino
Phase II Study With Olaparib: Rationale and Design • •
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of oral olaparib in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers with breast cancer M lti t Multicenter proof‐of‐concept phase II study, single‐arm sequential cohort design f f t h II t d i l ti l h t d i Confirmed BRCA1 Confirmed BRCA1 or BRCA2 or BRCA2 mutation, mutation advanced refractory breast cancer (stage IIIB/IIIC/IV) after failure of ≥ 1 previous chemotherapies for advanced disease Cohort 1 (enrolled first) Olaparib 400 mg PO BID (MTD) 28-day cycles ( = 27) (n
Cohort 2* Olaparib 100 mg PO BID 28-day cycles ( = 27) (n
*Following an interim review of the emerging efficacy of each cohort, patients ongoing in 100‐mg BID cohort were permitted to crossover to receive the 400‐mg BID dose. MTD determined during phase I evaluation Tutt A, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 501.
Olaparib: Efficacy Results Olaparib: Efficacy Results ITT Cohort, n (%)
Olaparib 400 mg BID (n = 27)
Olaparib 100 mg BID (n = 27)
11 (41)*
6 (22)*
CR
1 (4)
0
PR
10 ((37))
6 ((22))
ORR
*An additional 1 patient in the 400‐mg cohort and 3 patients in the 100‐mg cohort had unconfirmed responses.
Per Protocol Cohort, n (%)
400 mg BID (n = 26)
100 mg BID (n = 24)
11 (42)
6 (25)†
CR
1 (4)
0
PR
10 (39)
6 (25)
ORR
†An additional 3 patients in the 100‐mg cohort had unconfirmed responses. An additional 3 patients in the 100‐mg cohort had unconfirmed responses
Tutt A, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 501.
iPARP (Olaparib) en BRCA1/BRCA2 iPARP (Olaparib) en BRCA1/BRCA2 Primer reporte Primer reporte de terapia de terapia dirigida a los portadores a los portadores de BRCA1/BRCA2 de BRCA1/BRCA2 Olaparib como monoagente (400 mg BID) es muy activo en pacientes portadoras de BRCA1/BRCA2 refractarias a varias líneas ORR ‐ ITT (RECIST): 41% ORR ITT (RECIST): 41% PFS (mediana): 5.7 meses
Buena tolerancia
Olaparib
“Proof‐of‐concept” de BRCA1/BRCA2 como diana terapéutica en cáncer de mama y ovario Tutt A, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 501. Fong PC., Boss DS, Yap T, et al. Inhibition of Poly(ADP‐Ribose) Polymerase in Tumors from BRCA Mutation Carriers. N Engl J Med 2009 361: 123‐134
Triple‐Negative BC Shares Clinical and Pathologic Features With BRCA1‐Related BC Characteristics ER/PR/HER2 status TP53 status BRCA1 status Gene-expression pattern Tumor histology Chemosensitivity to DNA-damaging agents
Hereditary BRCA1
Triple Negative/Basal Like[1-3]
Negative g
Negative g
Mutant
Mutant
Mutational inactivation*
Diminished expression*
Basal like
Basal like
Poorly differentiated ((high g g grade))
Poorly differentiated ((high g g grade))
Highly sensitive
Highly sensitive
*BRCA1 BRCA1 dysfunction due to germline mutations, promoter methylation, or overexpression of HMG or ID4. dysfunction due to germline mutations, promoter methylation, or overexpression of HMG or ID4.[4]
1. Perou C, et al. Nature. 2000;408:747‐752. 2. Cleator S, et al. Lancet Oncology. 2007;8:235‐244. 3. Sorlie T, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:10569‐10674. 4. Miyoshi Y, et al. Int J Clin Oncol. 2008;13:395‐400.
O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
Phase II Triple‐Negative BC Study: Treatment Schema BSI‐201: small molecule PARP inhibitor hb
Metastatic TNBC (N = 120) RANDOMIZE
Gem* 1000 mg/m2 IV on Days 1, 8 + Carbo AUC 2 IV on Days 1, 8
21‐day cycle
BSI‐201 5.6 mg/kg IV on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 + Gem 1000 mg/m2 IV on Days 1, 8 + Carbo AUC 2 IV on Days 1, 8
Restaging every 2 Cycles *Patients Patients randomized to gem/carbo alone could crossover to receive gem/carbo + randomized to gem/carbo alone could crossover to receive gem/carbo + BSI‐201 at disease progression. O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
BSI 201: Preliminary Efficacy Results* BSI‐201: Preliminary Efficacy Results Gem/Carbo (n = 44)
BSI-201 + Gem/Carbo ( = 42) (n
P Value
Objective response rate, n (%)
7 (16)
20 (48)
.002
Clinical benefit rate rate,† n (%)
9 (21)
26 (62)
.0002 0002
Median PFS, mos
3.3
6.9
<.0001
Median OS, mos
5.7
9.2
.0005
*Includes patients enrolled before September 30, 2008, and patients who had a confirmed response or disease progression. †Clinical benefit rate = CR + PR + SD ≥ 6 mos.
O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
Inhibición de la PARP 1 en Triple Negativos (y BRCA) Inhibición de la PARP‐1 en Triple Negativos (y BRCA) Se estableció sobre‐expresión de PARP en la mayoría de los TNBC BSI‐201 + gem/carbo fue bien tolerado, sin incremento en las toxicidadas asociadas a quimioterapia q p BSI‐201 mejoró los desenlaces clínicos relevantes Clinical benefit rate (62% vs 21%; P = .0002) ORR (48% vs 16%; P ( ; = .002)) Median PFS (6.9 vs 3.3 mos; P < .0001) Median OS (9.2 vs 5.7 mos; P = .0005) Estos resultados justifican la investigación del BS1‐201 en estudios Fase III
iPARP1
O’Shaughnessy J, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 3.
RIBBON‐1 Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Regimens Improves PFS in First‐line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Cáncer mama metastásico Pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico. Quimionaive N=1273
Opciones de QT Capecitabina Capecitabina 1000 mg/m2 dos 1000 mg/m2 dos veces por día x14 días, cada 21
Metodología
Desenlace principal PFS: Supervivencia libre de progresión
Aleatorización 2:1
Estratificado por Intervalo libre de enfermedad Intervalo libre de enfermedad Terapia adyuvante previa Número de sitios metastásicas Selección de QT
QT + Bev QT + Bev N= 824
Docetaxel nabPaclitaxel Antraciclinas.
Elección de QT
Abreviaturas QT: Quimioterapia QT: Quimioterapia
Robert NJ, Dieras V, Glaspy J, et al. RIBBON‐1: randomized double‐ blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (B) for first‐line treatment of HER2‐negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) Program and locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1005.
QT + Placebo N 413 N= 413
Bev: Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg cada 3 semanas. Placebo: Placebo IV cada 3 semanas
RIBBON 1: Objective Response Rates RIBBON‐1: Objective Response Rates 60
Cape P = .0097
T/Anthra P = .0054
Percenttage
50 40 30
35.4
CR 51 3 51.3
37.9
23.6
20 10 0
Measurable disease, n
PL
BV
PL
161 325 177 345
Includes only patients with measurable disease at baseline Robert N, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 1005.
BV
PR
RIBBON‐1 Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Regimens Improves PFS in First‐line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Outcome Bevacizumab (n = 409) Median PFS, Median PFS mos •Investigator assessed d •IRC Median OS, mos 1‐yr survival, % ORR,* %
Capecitabine Placebo HR (n = 206) (95% CI)
0.69 (0 56 0 84) (0.56‐0.84) 0.68 0.54‐0.86) 0.85 (0.63‐1.14)
P Value
8.6
5.7
.0002
9.8
6.2
29.0
21.2
81
74
.076 076
35.4
23.6
.0097
.0011 .27
Robert NJ, Dieras V, Glaspy J, et al. RIBBON‐1: randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with , , py , ,p ,p py or without bevacizumab (B) for first‐line treatment of HER2‐negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1005.
RIBBON‐1 Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Regimens Improves PFS in First‐line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Outcome Bevacizumab (n = 415) Median PFS, Median PFS mos •Investigator assessed d
Taxane or Anthracycline Taxane or Anthracycline Placebo HR (n = 207) (95% CI)
0.64 (0 52 0 80) (0.52‐0.80) 0.77 (0.60‐0.99) 1.03 (0.77‐1.38)
PValue
9.2
8.0
•IRC
10.7
8.3
Median OS, mos
25.2
23.8
81
83
.44 44
51.3
37.9
.0054
1‐yr survival % 1‐yr survival, % ORR,* %
< .0001 .040 .83
Robert NJ, Dieras V, Glaspy J, et al. RIBBON‐1: randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with , , py , ,p ,p py or without bevacizumab (B) for first‐line treatment of HER2‐negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1005.
RIBBON‐1 Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Regimens Improves PFS in First‐line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient Subgroup, HR for Patient Subgroup, HR for PFS All patients
Capecitabine
Taxane or Anthracycline Taxane or Anthracycline
0.67
0.66
0.81 0.63
0.62 0.69
0.63 0.74
0.65 0.64
0.64 0.80
0.67 0.64
Di Disease‐free interval, mos f i t l •≤ 12 mos •> 12 mos Number of metastatic sites •< 3 •≥ 3 Previous adjuvant chemotherapy •Yes •No
Robert NJ, Dieras V, Glaspy J, et al. RIBBON‐1: randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with Robert NJ Dieras V Glaspy J et al RIBBON 1: randomized double blind placebo controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (B) for first‐line treatment of HER2‐negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1005.
RIBBON 1: Overall Survival RIBBON‐1: Overall Survival Cape
% of deaths M di OS Median OS, mos HR (95% CI)
PL (n = 206)
BV (n = 409)
PL (n = 207)
BV (n = 415)
35
30
35
34
21 2 21.2
29 0 29.0
23 8 23.8
25 2 25.2
0.85 (0.63-1.14)
1.03 (0.77-1.38)
.27
.83 83
P value a ue 1-yr survival rate, %
T/Anthra
74
P value
Robert N, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 1005.
81 .076
83
81 .44
Bevacizumab + Quimioterapia en Cáncer de Mama Bevacizumab + Quimioterapia en Cáncer de Mama
Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado controlado Más eficaz que quimioterapia sin Bevacizumab. Corrobora el E2100, AvADO No incremento en la supervivencia global Se expanden las opciones: Bevacizumab + Capecitabina Bevacizumab + Antraciclinas Bevacizumab + Docetaxel o NabPaclitaxel
RIBBON-1
Robert NJ, Dieras V, Glaspy J, et al. RIBBON‐1: randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with , , py , ,p ,p py or without bevacizumab (B) for first‐line treatment of HER2‐negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1005.
MIRROR Study: Schema MIRROR Study: Schema Selected from Netherlands Cancer Registry (N = 3205) (N = 3205)
Inclusion after central pathology review ( 2680) (n = 2680)
SN only (n = 1218)
cALND (n = 1314)
axRT (n = 148)
Present analysis: categorized by SN status Tjan‐Heijnen et al, ASCO 2009. Abstract 506. Reprinted with permission.
N No pathology th l review Macrometastases Unfavorable tumor characteristics h t i ti Other reasons
Micrometastases and Isolated Tumor Cells: Relevant and Robust or Rubbish? (MIRROR) study ( ) y Micrometástasis en ganglio centinela incrementa el riesgo de recurrencia axilar si no se practica tratamiento dirigido a la axila % de Recurrencia axilar a 5 años (1.7%)
1.6% (n=125) MIRROR 2.3% (n=732) 0.9% (n=450)
Cohorte de 2680 pacientes en Holanda con carcinoma de mama t temprano a quienes se le practicó i l ti ó Ganglio Centinela Axilar Tratadas entre 1997‐2005
1
N0i+
Retrospectivo / Cohorte Retrospectivo / Cohorte
2.0% (n=345) 2
ANLD: Disección ganglonar axilar AxRT: Radioterapia a la axila
1.0% (n=887) ( )
3
5.1% (n=141) ( )
Tjan‐Heijnen VC, et al. J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr CRA506).
LemaTeachFiles® ‐ 2009
Gem/Docetaxel Cap vs Cap/Docetaxel Gem Gem/Doc vs Cap/Doc hasta progresión, seguido por Capecitabina o Gem/Doc vs Cap/Doc hasta progresión seguido por Capecitabina o Gemcitabina, respectivamente Cáncer mama metastásico
Metodología
Pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico o localmente avanzado.
Estratificado por
Quimionaive, o no Quimionaive o no
Metástasis Metástasis de predominio de predominio visceral
N=475
Opciones de QT Gem/Doc: Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 día 1 y 8; Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 día 1; cada 21 días. Cap/Doc: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 2 veces por día, día 1‐ 14; Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 día 1; cada 21 días
Desenlace principal Desenlace principal TTP: Tiempo a la progresión
Primera o segunda línea
Antraciclinas previas Desempeño ECOG E. Medible / No Medible E Medible / No Medible
Gem/Doc
Capecitabina
N= 239
Aleatorizado
Hasta progresión
Seidman AD, Brufsky A, Ansari RH, et al. Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus docetaxel (GD) compared to capecitabine plus docetaxel (CD) with planned crossover to the alternate single agent docetaxel (CD) with planned crossover to the alternate single agent in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1000.
Cap/Doc N= 236
Gemcitabina
Gem/Docetaxel Cap vs Cap/Docetaxel Gem Gem/Doc vs Cap/Doc hasta progresión, seguido por Capecitabina o Gem/Doc vs Cap/Doc hasta progresión seguido por Capecitabina o Gemcitabina, respectivamente
Median Time to Induction Phase Crossover Phase Progressive Gemcitabine/ Capecitabine/ Gemcitabine/ Capecitabine/ Disease, Mos Docetaxel Docetaxel Docetaxel Docetaxel (95% CI) (n = 239) (n = 239) (n = 236) (n = 236) →Capecitabine →Gemcitabine (n = 76) (n = 80) Individual 9.3 8.9 4.5 2.3 groups (7 7 10 8) (7.7‐10.8) (7 4 11 1) (7.4‐11.1) (2 1 7 8) (2.1‐7.8) (2 0 3 8) (2.0‐3.8) P value .385 .145
Seidman AD, Brufsky A, Ansari RH, et al. Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus docetaxel (GD) compared to capecitabine plus docetaxel (CD) with planned crossover to the alternate single agent docetaxel (CD) with planned crossover to the alternate single agent in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1000.
Trastuzumab‐DM1 Active, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Patients With Previously Treated HER2‐Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer y ‐Estudio Fase II Cáncer mama metastásico
Desenlace principal ‐ OR: Respuesta objetiva por RECIST – por evaluador independiente Outcome
HER2 positiva Previamente tratadas con trastuzumab >= Líneas de QT N=112 Número mediano de líneas de quimioterapia: 3 (rango: 1‐12) Trastuzumab‐DM1: Trastuzumab‐DM1: Combina Combina inhibición de HER2 por trastuzumab con el agente antimicrotubular DM1 Trastuzumab‐DM1 3.6 mg/kg given by intravenous infusion over 30‐60 minutes every 3 weeks until disease progression Hasta progresión Vogel CL, Burris HA, Limentani S, et al. A phase II study of trastuzumab‐DM1 (T‐DM1), a HER2 antibody‐drug conjugate, in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1017.
Best objective response, % •CR •PR •SD •PD •Unknown Overall response rate, % (95% CI) •Efficacy‐evaluable confirmed HER2‐positive fi d HER2 ii disease (n = 75) •Efficacy‐evaluable confirmed HER2‐normal disease (n = 21) Clinical benefit rate,‡ % (95% CI) •Efficacy‐evaluable y confirmed HER2‐positive disease (n = 75) Median PFS, mos
Independent Review ( (n = 112) )
Investigator Assessment ( (n = 112) )
0 25.0 48.2 18.8 80 8.0
2.7 35.7 38.4 19.6 36 3.6
25.0 (17.5‐33.6)
38.4 (29.8‐47.5)
32 0 (22 1 43 0) 32.0 (22.1‐43.0)
48 0 (36 3 59 9) 48.0 (36.3‐59.9)
4.8 (< 1‐21.8)*
9.5 (1.7‐29.8) †
34.8 (26.1‐43.9)
44.6 (35.5‐54.3)
44.0 (33.2‐55.5)
54.7 (43.0‐66.2)
4.9
4.9
Trastuzumab‐DM1 Active, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Patients With Previously Treated HER2‐Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer y ‐Estudio Fase II
Outcome in Patients Previously Treated with Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab and Lapatinib ORR, % (95% CI) Cli i l b Clinical benefit rate,* % fit t * % (95% CI)
Independent Review (n = 67)
Investigator Assessment (n = 67)
23.9 (14.3‐35.4)
35.8 (25.2‐48.2)
35.8 (25.2‐48.2)
44.8 (32.8‐56.9)
Vogel CL, Burris HA, Limentani S, et al. A phase II study of trastuzumab‐DM1 (T‐DM1), a HER2 antibody‐drug conjugate, in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 1017.
Cáncer de mama
Highlights ASCO 2009 Highlights ASCO 2009 Otros avances
„Individualización del „Individualización“ del tratamiento basado en biomarcadores
Clarificación del significado N1mi g Utilidad (validada prospectivamente) del uPA / PAI en Cáncer de mama temprano
Avances tecnológicos
BRCA deficientes BRCA deficientes iPARP1 activos en triple negativos iPARP1 activos en mutBRCA Cisplatino activo en mutBRCA Cisplatino activo en mutBRCA
Nuevas opciones Uso de Bevacizumab expandido Uso de Bevacizumab expandido T‐DM1 para pacientes HER2+ iRANKL (Denosumab) activo en enfermedad ósea
Cáncer de GI no colorrectal Cáncer de GI no colorrectal Cáncer de páncreas ESPAC‐3(v2): Gemcitabina vs FU/LV adyuvante CONKO‐4: Enoxaparina en cáncer de páncreas
Cáncer biliar
Estudios seleccionados como los más importantes
ABC‐02: Gemcitabina + Cisplatino en cáncer avanzado
Cáncer g gástrico ToGA: Trastuzumab en Cáncer Gástrico HER2 positivo
5 Estudios (5 RCTs)
Tumores neuroendocrinos PROMID: Octreótido LAR en TN metastásicos PROMID: Octreótido LAR en TN metastásicos
ToGA Trial ToGA Trial
Van Cutsem E, Kang Y, Chung H, et al. Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard Van Cutsem E Kang Y Chung H et al Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first‐line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract LBA4509.
Van Cutsem E, Kang Y, Chung H, et al. Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard Van Cutsem E Kang Y Chung H et al Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first‐line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract LBA4509.
Trastuzumab en cáncer gástrico avanzado HER2+ Adenocarcinoma gástrico (o de la unión gastroesofágica) avanzado (CGA), No curable. Desempeño PS 0‐2 CGA – HER2+ PS 0‐2 HER2+ (22.1% de los tamizados) ToGA n=584
n=294
Trastuzumab CF
PFS: 6.7 m
OS: 13.8 m
290
PFS: 5.5 m
CF
TCF: Trastuzumab 8 mg/kg x1, seguido por 6 mg/kg cada 3 semanas + CF semanas CF
CF: CIsplatino 80 mg/m2 cada 3 semanas + Capecifabina: 1000 mg/m2 dos veces por día 14 días, cada 21 días (FU infusional también aceptado)
OS: 11.1 m
HR para PFS: 0.71, p=0.0002
HR para OS: 0.74, p=0.0046
•Trastuzumab + Cisplatino + Fluoropirimidinas aumentan la tasa de respuesta, supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia global en pacientes con cáncer gástrico supervivencia libre de progresión, y supervivencia global en pacientes con cáncer gástrico avanzado HER2+. Van Cutsem E, et al. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4509)
LemaTeachFiles® ‐ 2009
Gemcitabina + Cisplatino en cáncer biliar avanzado (ABC) – UK – ABC 02 Adenocarcinoma biliar avanzado (Colangiocarcinoma, carcinoma de vesícula biliar, ampolla de Vater) metastásico o recurrente ABC Desempeño PS 0‐2 Desempeño PS 0‐2 PS 0‐2
UK – ABC02 UK n=410
n=204
Cisplatino Gemcitabina
PFS: 8.4 m
OS: 11.7 m
206
Cisplatino + Gemcitabina: Cisplatino 25 mg/m2 día 1 y 8; Gemcitabina 1000 mg/m2 día Gemcitabina 1000 mg/m2 día 1 y 8; cada 21 días. Hasta 8 ciclos.
Gemcitabina: 1000 mg/m2 día 1, 8 y 15, cada 28 días. Hasta por 6 ciclos
Gemcitabina
PFS: 6.5 m
OS: 8.3 m
HR para PFS: 0.72, p=0.003
HR para OS: 0.7, p=0.002
•La combinación con Cisplatino + Gemcitabina incrementa la supervivencia de pacientes con carcinoma avanzado de vía biliar y se establece un nuevo estándar de tratamiento con carcinoma avanzado de vía biliar, y se establece un nuevo estándar de tratamiento. Valle JW, et al. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 4503)
LemaTeachFiles® ‐ 2009
Neoptolemos J, Büchler M, Stocken DD. ESPAC‐3(v2): A multicenter, international, open‐label, randomized, controlled phase III trial of adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil/folinic acid (5‐FU/FA) versus gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4505)
ESPAC‐3 v2
Neoptolemos J, Büchler M, Stocken DD. ESPAC‐3(v2): A multicenter, international, open‐label, randomized, controlled phase III trial of adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil/folinic acid (5‐FU/FA) versus gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4505)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
Riess H, Pelzer U, Deutschinoff G. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4506)
PROMID: Phase IIIb Octreotide LAR in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Pts with newly y diagnosed, treatment‐naive neuroendocrine midgut tumors (N = 85)
Placebo (n = 43)
Octreotide LAR 30 mg IM every 4 weeks (n = 42)
Treatment continued until progression
Arnold R, Müller H, Schade‐Brittinger, C Arnold R Müller H Schade‐Brittinger C et al. Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, prospective, randomized study of et al Placebo‐controlled double‐blind prospective randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: A report from the PROMID study group. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 4508.
PROMID: Octreotide LAR in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors—TTP, OS •
Primary endpoint: TTP Primary endpoint: TTP
•
Interim analysis of 85 pts
•
– 50% male
– Hepatic tumor load: 0% to 10% in 60% of pts
– Median age: 63 years
– CgA elevated in 66% of pts
TTP significantly prolonged with octreotide LAR treatment in pts with lower hepatic tumor load tumor load
Median TTP, Mos
Pts, n
Octreotide LAR
Placebo
P Value
All pts
85
14 3 14.3
60 6.0
.00007 00007
Hepatic tumor load ≤ 10%
64
27.14
7.21
< .0001
Hepatic tumor load ≥ 10%
21
10.35
5.45
.345
•
Median OS not yet reached for octreotide LAR (> 77.4 mos) vs placebo (73.7 mos)
Arnold R, Müller Arnold R Müller H, Schade‐Brittinger, C H Schade Brittinger C et al. Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, prospective, randomized study of et al Placebo controlled double blind prospective randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: A report from the PROMID study group. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 4508.
PROMID: Octreotide LAR in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors—Response Octreotide LAR (n = 42)
Placebo (n = 43)
CR
0
0
PR
1
1
SD
28
16
PD
10
23
U k Unknown
3
3
Response, n
• Serious adverse events – Gastrointestinal (octreotide LAR: n = 6; placebo: n = 8) – Hematopoietic system (octreotide LAR: n = 5; placebo: n = 1) Arnold R, Müller Arnold R Müller H, Schade‐Brittinger, C H Schade Brittinger C et al. Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, prospective, randomized study of et al Placebo controlled double blind prospective randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: A report from the PROMID study group. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 4508.
PROMID: Phase IIIb Octreotide LAR in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumors
Arnold R, Müller H, Schade‐Brittinger, C Arnold R Müller H Schade Brittinger C et al. Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, prospective, randomized study of et al Placebo controlled double blind prospective randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: A report from the PROMID study group. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 4508.
PROMID: Phase IIIb Octreotide LAR in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumors
Arnold R, Müller H, Schade‐Brittinger, C Arnold R Müller H Schade Brittinger C et al. Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, prospective, randomized study of et al Placebo controlled double blind prospective randomized study of the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: A report from the PROMID study group. Program and abstracts of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 29 ‐ June 2, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 4508.
GI No Colorrectal
Highlights ASCO 2009 Highlights ASCO 2009
Avances menores, pero reales Avances menores, pero reales
Otros avances LMWH (Enoxaparina) disminuye riesgos de trombosis – sin impacto en otras variables Octreótido LAR es eficaz en T Octreótido LAR es eficaz en T. Neuroendocrinos
Cá Cáncer gástrico áti Anti HER2 (Trastuzumab) nuevo estándar en Cáncer Gástrico HER2 positivo p
Cáncer biliar Gemcitabina + Cisplatino un nuevo Gemcitabina + Cisplatino un nuevo estándar en cáncer biliar avanzado
Cáncer de colon, recto y ano Cáncer de colon, recto y ano Biomarcadores QUASAR multigene RT‐PCR assay Biomarcadores del PETACC‐3 CALGB 9581 LOH 18q EREG / KRAS y respuesta a cetuximab
Terapia adyuvante
Estudios seleccionados como los más importantes
Bevacizumab adyuvante: NSABP C08 ACCENT Dbase: DFS a 2 años es un desenlace apropiado ACCENT Dbase: DFS a 2 años es un desenlace apropiado
Oxaliplatino Star 01: Oxaliplatino neoadyuvante en recto ACCORD‐12: Oxaliplatino neoadyuvante en recto Calcio y magnesio previene neurotoxicidad Picoplatino es una alternativa al oxaliplatino Picoplatino es una alternativa al oxaliplatino
11 Estudios
Cáncer de ano ACT II: QRT con Cisplatino es tan eficaz como mitomicina ACT II: QRT con Cisplatino es tan eficaz como mitomicina
James R, Wan S, Glynne‐Jones R. A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4009))
James R, Wan S, Glynne‐Jones R. A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4009))
James R, Wan S, Glynne‐Jones R. A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4009))
James R, Wan S, Glynne‐Jones R. A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA4009))
NSABP Protocol C‐08: mFOLFOX ± Bevacizumab in Stage II/III CRC Pts with stage II or III colon adenocarcinoma with ECOG PS of 0/11 (N = 2710)
Arm A: mFOLFOX6 Q2W x 26 ( 1356) (n = 1356)
Arm B: mFOLFOX6 + Bevacizumab 5 mg/kg Q2W x 26 (n = 1354)
Pts stratified by number of positive lymph nodes and randomized between Days 29 and 50 postoperatively mFOLFOX6 regimen: LV 400 mg/m2 IV, 5‐FU 400 mg/m2 IV, 5‐FU 2400 mg/m2 over 46 hours; oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV Primary endpoint: DFS
Wolmark N, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract LBA4.
NSABP Protocol C 08: 3 Yr DFS Results NSABP Protocol C‐08: 3‐Yr DFS Results 100
DFS (%)
80 60 40 mFF6 + B mFF6
20 0
0
0.5
Events 291 312 1.0
3‐Yr DFS 77.4 75.5 1.5
2.0 Yrs
Wolmark N, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract LBA4.
HR: 0.89 (P = .15)
2.5
3.0
3.5
Highlights ASCO 2009 Highlights ASCO 2009 Cáncer Colon / Recto / Ano El año de los estudios El año de los estudios NEGATIVOS o IRRELEVANTES
Otros avances Supervivencia libre de enfermedad a 2 años importante p p Picoplatino o Calcio / Magnesio y neurotoxicidad Mitomicina reemplazable por Cisplatino en Ano
B Bevacizumab adyuvante i b d t Muerto / Moribundo
Oxaliplatino neoadyuvante (Recto) Incremento en toxicidad, sin beneficio adicional
Melanomas Biomarcadores en melanoma Ulceración tumoral y respuesta a interferón
Vacuna + HD IL-2 en Melanoma
Estudios seleccionados como los más importantes
gp100:209‐217(210M)
Radioterapia p a ganglios g g linfáticos Radioterapia adyuvante a campo comprometido
4 Estudios (2 RCTs) 1 Blockbuster in the making g
Terapia dirigida en Melanoma Anti BRAF V600E: PLX4032 Anti BRAF V600E: PLX4032 Anti cKit en Melanoma Acral
Eggermont et al. Abstract # 9007
V Vacuna + IL‐2 en Melanoma IL 2 M l
Schwartzentruber DJ, Lawson D, Richards J, et al. A phase III multi-institutional randomized study of immunization with the gp100:209-217(210M) peptide followed by high-dose IL-2 compared with high-dose IL-2 alone in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr CRA9011)
Schwartzentruber DJ, Lawson D, Richards J, et al. A phase III multi-institutional randomized study of immunization with the gp100:209-217(210M) peptide followed by high-dose IL-2 compared with high-dose IL-2 alone in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr CRA9011)
Radioterapia R di i Ganglios G li Linfáticos Li fá i Afectados en Melanoma en Melanoma
Henderson MA, Burmeister B, Thompson JF. Adjuvant radiotherapy and regional lymph node field control in melanoma patients after lymphadenectomy: Results of an intergroup randomized trial (ANZMTG 01.02/TROG 02.01). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA9084)
Henderson MA, Burmeister B, Thompson JF. Adjuvant radiotherapy and regional lymph node field control in melanoma patients after lymphadenectomy: Results of an intergroup randomized trial (ANZMTG 01.02/TROG 02.01). J Clin Oncol 27:18s, 2009 (suppl; abstr LBA9084)
T Terapia i dirigida di i id contra el BRAF en l BRAF Melanoma
Flaherty et al. Abstract # 9000
Flaherty et al. Abstract # 9000
Flaherty et al. Abstract # 9000
Flaherty et al. Abstract # 9000
Melanoma
Highlights ASCO 2009 Highlights ASCO 2009 Otros avances
El „Tema El „Tema“ en melanoma es en melanoma es caracterizar la biología y aplicarla para el diseño de terapias
Ulceración puede ser predictiva p p IL‐2 todavía puede tener un nicho RT a ganglios potencialmente útil
Bi l í Biología Mutaciones de BRAF importantes Mutación del c‐Kit importante
En el horizonte Anti BRAF V600E: PLX4032 Anti BRAF V600E: PLX4032 Anti c‐Kit: Imatinib en subgrupos
Sarcomas Tumores de Células Gigantes del Hueso Denosumab
Tumores Desmoides
Estudios seleccionados como los más importantes
Mutaciones de Beta Catenina son pronósticos
ASPS Cediranib es activo en Sarcomas de Tejidos Blandos Alveolar
5 Estudios (1 RCT)
GIST Stop‐and‐go imatinib Stop‐and‐go imatinib IGFr en GIST
RANKL Inhibition: Mechanism of Action Osteoclast precursor
RANKL RANK Denosumab
Prefusion osteoclast Osteoclast formation inhibited
Hormones growth factors Cytokines
Osteoblasts
Apoptotic osteoclast
Osteoclast function and survival inhibited
Bone Formation
Inhibited Bone Resorption Smith MR, et al. ASCO 2009. Abstract 9520
D Denosumab – b GCT of the bone GCT f h b
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10510)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10510)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10510)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10523)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10523)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10523)
Cediranib • • • • •
AZD2171 Pan VEGFR, PDGFRa, PDGFRb TKI Oral Median half‐life: 12‐35 hours Dose: 45 mg QD Dose: 45 mg QD
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10523)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10523)
Terapia dirigida a tumores mesenquimales Terapia dirigida a tumores mesenquimales Denosumab (RANKL antagonista) Denosumab (RANKL antagonista) – eficaz en GCT eficaz en GCT Cediranib (Anti angiogénico) – eficaz en ASPS Suficiente para aprobación por FDA / EMEA ? Sólo proof‐of‐principle?
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10508)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10501)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10501)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s 2009 (suppl; abstr 10501) J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10501)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10501)
GIST
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10508)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10508)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10508)
Stop & Go Imatinib en GIST Stop & Go Imatinib en GIST El imatinib no cura GIST metastásico El imatinib no cura GIST metastásico Al suspender imatinib se acelera la progresión tumoral La supervivencia libre de evento luego de re‐exposición es satisfactoria
GIST
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10508)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10506)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10506)
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10506)
GIST con c Kit / PDGFR nativos GIST con c‐Kit / PDGFR nativos Otra Enfermedad? Pobre respuesta al Imatinib Pobre respuesta al Imatinib Sobre‐expresión del IGF1R Potenciales implicaciones terapéuticas Potenciales implicaciones terapéuticas
GIST
J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 10506)
Sarcomas
Highlights ASCO 2009 Highlights ASCO 2009 Terapias dirigidas
El „Tema El „Tema“ en sarcomas es en sarcomas es caracterizar la biología y aplicarla para el diseño de terapias
iRANKL (Denosumab) en GCT ( ) Antiangiogénicos (Cediranib) en ASPS
Bi l í Biología Beta catenina implicada en tumores desmoides IGF1R implicado en subgrupo de GIST
Refinación Suspender transitoriamente Suspender transitoriamente el imatinib en GIST puede ser una opción para un subgrupo de pacientes
Conclusiones ASCO 2009 – en cáncer de mama, gastrointestinal, melanoma y sarcomas Ideas para considerar mañana… mañana Gemcitabina + Cisplatino en cánceres biliares Trastuzumab + QT en cáncer gástrico Her2 positivo Disección ganglionar axilar en N1mi del ganglio centinela Cisplatino reemplaza a mitomicina en ano Fluoruracilo adyuvante en páncreas t coagu ac ó p profiláctica o áct ca e en Anticoagulación páncreas avanzado No transladar los resultados de metastásico a adyuvancia… adyuvancia
Ideas nuevas que prometen… prometen Letalidad sintética iPARPs en tumores con deficiencia del BRCA Inhibidores del BRAF en melanoma