Artikel Ekonomi English.docx

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INVESTASI DI PASAR MODAL BERKEMBANG Pada era globalisasi saat ini, dimana hambatan-hambatan perekonomian semakin pudar, peralihan arus dana dari pihak yang surplus kepada yang defisit akan semakin cepat dan tanpa hambatan. Pasar Modal sebagai pintu investasi terhadap aliran dana dari pihak yang kelebihan kekayaan (surplus) kepada pihak yang kekurangan dana (defisit) berperan sebagai lembaga perantara keuangan. Investor disini adalah pihak yang surplus dalam kaitannya dengan keuangan. Investasi asing yang datang ke negara-negara lain sebenarnya memiliki motif klasik yang meliputi, motif mencari bahan mentah atau sumber daya alam, mencari pasar baru dan meminimalkan biaya. Dari motif klasik tersebut kadangkala investor memiliki motif lain yaitu motif mengembangkan teknologi. Paling tidak ada empat cara investor dapat masuk ke suatu negara: distressed asset investment, strategic investment, direct investment dan portfolio investment. Distressed asset investment adalah investasi yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kepemilikan atau membeli hutang suatu perusahaan dalam kesulitan keuangan. Kedua, strategic investment secara umum investor asing mengakuisisi perusahaan yang memiliki pangsa pasar cukup luas dan berada dalam segmen bisnis serta faktor lokasi yang mendukung strategi ekspansi perusahaan investor. Ketiga yakni investasi langsung (direct investment) biasanya berlangsung pada sektor yang belum begitu berkembang, misalnya pembangunan yang sarat teknologi atau pembangunan di sektor otomotif, biasanya perusahaan. Keempat adalah portofolio investment yaitu investasi dalam surat hutang dan saham di pasar modal. Peranan modal asing dalam pembangunan negara telah lama diperbincangkan oleh para ahli ekonomi pembangunan. Secara garis besar menurut Chereney dan Carter yaitu pertama, sumber dana eksternal (modal asing) dapat dimanfaatkan oleh emerging country sebagai dasar untuk mempercepat investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kedua, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang meningkat perlu diikuti dengan perubahan struktur produksi dan perdagangan. Ketiga, modal asing dapat berperan penting dalam mobilisasi dana maupun transformasi struktural. Keempat, kebutuhan akan modal asing menjadi menurun segera setelah perubahan struktural benar-benar terjadi (meskipun modal asing di masa selanjutnya lebih produktif).

INVESTMENT IN CAPITAL MARKET GROWING In the current era of globalization, where economic barriers fade, transition flow of funds from the surplus to the deficit will be more rapid and unimpeded. Capital Markets as the investment of the flow of funds from the excess wealth (surplus) to parties that lack of funds (deficit) acts as a financial intermediary. Investors here are the parties in relation to a financial surplus. Foreign investment coming to other countries actually have a classic motif which include, motive raw materials or natural resources, find new markets and minimize costs. From classical motifs are sometimes investors have other motives motifs develop the technology. There are at least four ways investors can get into a state: distressed asset investment, strategic investment, direct investment and portfolio investment. Distressed asset investment is an investment made to acquire ownership or buy the debt of a company in financial difficulties. Second, the general strategic investment of foreign investors acquired a company that has a wide enough market share and are in the business segment as well as the location factors that support the company's expansion strategy investors. Third namely direct investment (direct investment) usually takes place in underdeveloped sectors, such as technology-laden construction or development in the automotive sector, usually the company. Fourth is the investment portfolio is invested in debentures and shares in the capital market. The role of foreign capital in the country's development has long been discussed by development economists. Broadly speaking, according to Chereney and Carter: first, external funding sources (foreign capital) can be utilized by the emerging country as a base to accelerate investment and economic growth. Second, the increased economic growth needs to be followed by changes in the structure of production and trade. Third, foreign capital can play an important role in the mobilization of funds and structural transformation. Fourth, the need for foreign capital was decreased immediately after the structural changes actually occur (although foreign capital more productive later in life).

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