Applied Physics++
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- Words: 302
- Pages: 7
1/8/07
1
Electromagnetism
1/8/07
2
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity and magnetism have been known for thousands of years.
The philosophers of ancient Greece knew that a piece of amber rubbed with fur would attract small, light objects
The word for electron and electricity derive from the Greek word for amber, η λ ε κ τ ρ ο ν .
Naturally occurring magnetic materials called lodestones were used as early as 300 BC to construct compasses.
The relationship between electricity and magnetism was not known until the middle of the 19th century.
1/8/07
3
Fundamental Forces of Nature
The force of gravity was described by Isaac Newton
Late 17th century
The electromagnetic force and weak forcewere discovered In the 20th century, twothe more forces The weak force and the strong force – inside the atomic nucleus have a unified theory The electroweak force 1979 Nobel prize in physics for Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow
Currently physicists are working to unify the electroweak force and the strong force. Gravity remains a puzzle although it was identified first.
1/8/07
4
The Four Forces
We think that the four fundamental forces work by exchanging elementary particles
Gravity - graviton (has not been observed) Electromagnetic – photon (the elementary component of light) Weak - W and Z bosons (first observed 1983, but unstable) Strong – gluons (first observed 1978, but confined)
Thus forces can act across distance (objects not touching)
The Sun attracts the Earth from 93 million miles away A magnet attracts iron.
The forces act through the fields of the exchanged particles. 1/8/07
5
Elementary Particles
Exchange particles Force Gravity
Particle graviton
Electromagnetic photon
1/8/07
Weak
W, Z
Strong
gluon
6
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Link
1/8/07
7
1/8/07
1
Electromagnetism
1/8/07
2
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity and magnetism have been known for thousands of years.
The philosophers of ancient Greece knew that a piece of amber rubbed with fur would attract small, light objects
The word for electron and electricity derive from the Greek word for amber, η λ ε κ τ ρ ο ν .
Naturally occurring magnetic materials called lodestones were used as early as 300 BC to construct compasses.
The relationship between electricity and magnetism was not known until the middle of the 19th century.
1/8/07
3
Fundamental Forces of Nature
The force of gravity was described by Isaac Newton
Late 17th century
The electromagnetic force and weak forcewere discovered In the 20th century, twothe more forces The weak force and the strong force – inside the atomic nucleus have a unified theory The electroweak force 1979 Nobel prize in physics for Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow
Currently physicists are working to unify the electroweak force and the strong force. Gravity remains a puzzle although it was identified first.
1/8/07
4
The Four Forces
We think that the four fundamental forces work by exchanging elementary particles
Gravity - graviton (has not been observed) Electromagnetic – photon (the elementary component of light) Weak - W and Z bosons (first observed 1983, but unstable) Strong – gluons (first observed 1978, but confined)
Thus forces can act across distance (objects not touching)
The Sun attracts the Earth from 93 million miles away A magnet attracts iron.
The forces act through the fields of the exchanged particles. 1/8/07
5
Elementary Particles
Exchange particles Force Gravity
Particle graviton
Electromagnetic photon
1/8/07
Weak
W, Z
Strong
gluon
6
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Link
1/8/07
7
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