Anwer Quiz2.doc

Sheet A Section I 1-5 BAEED

6-10 BDEAD

Section II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Urinary bladder Ureter Ductus deferens Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Bulb of copus spongiosum Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum

Section III 1. Oral cavity proper: Oral cavity is divided into vestibule and oral cavity proper. Oral cavity proper means the area behind the teeth in the oral cavity. The lateral wall of it is the teeth; the roof of it consists of hard palate (anterior) and soft palate (posterior); the floor of it is the area of the oral cavity beneath the tongue and covered by muscles (mylohyoid).

2. Gigantism: Gigantism means abnormally large growth due to an excess of growth hormone during childhood, before the bone stop growth. (OR Gigantism is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood.)

Section IV:

1. Describe the conducting system of the heart. The cardiac conduction system is a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. The main components of the cardiac conduction system are the sinoatrial （SA） node, atrioventricular （AV） node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. The SA node (anatomical pacemaker) starts the sequence by causing the atrial muscles to contract. From there, the signal travels to the AV node, through the bundle of His, down the bundle branches, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract. This signal creates an electrical current that can be seen on a graph called an

Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). Doctors use an EKG to monitor the cardiac conduction system’s electrical activity in the heart.

2. Describe the pathway that oxygen from the atmosphere is transported into the bloodstream. Oxygen exists in the air. The full anatomical pathway of oxygen from outside the body to the blood stream would be as following: 1. Air is inhaled through the external nares (nostrils) into the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. 2. From there, it passes through the three regions of the pharynx: the nasopharynx (uppermost), oropharynx (middle) and the larngopharynx (lowermost region). 3. From the pharynx, it passes through the larynxto the trachea. 4. The trachea leads to the two primary bronchi which branch off into the secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles. 5. From the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts then the alveoli themselves. Gases exchanges occurs between the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries and it is here that oxygen enters the bloodstream

Sheet B Section I 1-5 DAEDB

6-10 DEEAB

Section II 1. 2.

Falciform ligament Right lobe of liver

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Gallbladder Cystic duct Hepato-pancreatic ampulla or major duodenal papilla Descending part of duodenum Pancreatic duct Pancreas Common bile duct Right hepatic duct

Section III 3. Nasal cavity proper Nasal cavity proper is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. Nasal cavity can be divided into nasal vestibule and nasal cavity proper. Nasal cavity proper is the part of nasal cavity posterior to nasal vestibule and lined by the respiratory epithelium.

4. Dwarfism Dwarfism refers to abnormally short height in childhood due to the lack of growth hormone.

Section IV: 1. Describe the blood supply of the heart. The heart has its own unique blood supply, more commonly known as the coronary circulation, which encircles the entire surface of the heart to supply its different regions. This begins with the coronary arteries arising from the ascending aorta, through openings called coronary ostia which are located above the aortic valves. These arteries run along the surface of the heart and so can also be reffered to as epicardial coronary arteries. In fact, there are two main coronary arteries that branch from the ascending aorta, known as the left and right coronary arteries. The main branches of left coronary artery include the circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery. The main branches of the right coronary artery include marginal arteries and posterior interventricular artery. The left main coronary artery supplies the left atrium, interventricular septum, left ventricle and the anterior wall of the right ventricle. On the other hand, the right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, the right ventricle as well as the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node.

2.

Describe where urine is produced and what pathway the urine

is eliminated outside our body. Urine is produced in the kidneys. The pathway that urine is eliminated outside our body is as following: renal glomerulus renal papilla minor renal calyx major renal calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra. (OR : kidney

ureter

urinary bladder

urethra.)