Hedge Funds Performance Exhaustive and complete data on hedge funds are impossible to obtain. But the imperfect available data concludes that hedge funds have been very successful in the 1990s. Why is it difficult to obtain information about the performance? Hedge funds are pirvate partnerships and corporations which are sold through private offerings of security. They are subject to no direct regulations beyond the basic security regulations. They are not required to report to any public regulator and not allowed to publically advertise and promote their funds. As a result, no concrete source of exhaustive audited data on hedge funds performance or asset management exists. Some organizations specialise in gathering and selling data on hedge funds, thereyby advicing and helping potential investors to select the right fund. Data is gathered by surveying the find managers which might result in added systematic imperfections in the collected data. Definition of universe Depending on the organization, they may chose to exclude finds that do no use leverage or shor selling. Some include managed futures funds etc. Hence, distinctions between them are quite blurred. Completenes of universe Since there is no single, exhaustive uniform source for benchmarking these funds, it is not possible to capture all funds in the sureveys. New funds are added frequently and vendors become aware of them only through word of mouth.Hence the database is not complete. Participation in surveys is prely voluntary and some fund managers chose not to participate for two reasons – either they fared poorly or have enough investments and thereby not interested to promote or advertise their funds. Omission of these two groups leads to over or understating of average performance respectively. Over the time, many funds are dropped when they cease to exist, which inturn causes historical performance that now reflects only the good funds that still survive to overstate past performance. With all these, it's been observed that a net overstatement (mainly due to overstated historical results) of average performance of the group.
Conclusion drawn from data Exhibit2. Growth of Hedge Funds
Managed Account Reports (MAR) admits that the raw data needs to be grossedup by a factor of 3.0 to catpture funds that have not been captured in the survey. This factor was chosen so that our resulting esitmate of total funds under management matches the current consensus of $300 to $400 billion. This also complies to the study done by Eichengreen and Mathieson [1998] who chose 2.7 after discussions with other data vendors. This gross up factor is constant in time and doest not contribute to the pattern of rapid growth Indiacators for hedge funds growth used here are – Number of funds in existence and the aggregate assets under management. The curve clearly indicated the raising popularity and growth of hedge funds in 1990s.
Exhibit3. Risk/Return Performance as a class over time
Group Analysis Here we compare several major performance benchmarks during the 1990s and estiamte the risk/return performance of the Hedge funds. Results 142 funds from the MAR database are taken as a group, as well as divided into segment subgroups. For the hedge fund universe and segments, monthly fund returns are averaged on equalweighted basis, and their gemorteric averages and standard deviations are calculated across time. Results are multiplied by 12 and (12)½ to convert them to annualequivalent basis. Benchmark used are the S&P 500 (exhibit 3), Russell 2000, MSCI EAFE, MSCI Emerging markets index and the Lehman US Bond index. All hedge funds returns are net of fees. The data supports the assertion that hedge funds have exhibited strong risk/return performance during 1990s. They have outperformed all benchmarks except the S&P 500, and at lower risk than
all benchmarks but the Lehman US Bond index. Furthermore, ratio of return to risk is clearly higher for the hedge fund universe than others. Segmented Analysis Macro funds turned in highest return, while funds of funds exhibited lowest return. This is a contradiction to the fact that funds of funds seek to select funds that will turn in the strongest performance.
Average return and standard deviation through time of the average monthly return across all funds in each category using an equal weighted investment in 142 hedge funds simultaneously. Such an Hypothetical investment enjoys significant diversification, especially in hedge fund portfolios which are largeley uncorelated to one another. Exhibit4. Risk/Return Performance on average over time
This represents the risk and return experienced by the average fund in each class, rather than by the class as an aggregate. We observe that the average returns are unchanged but risk estimates are significantly increased (graphically, all hedge funds point shift to right, leaving benchmark points fixed)
We also see that the average hedge fun experienced same risk as S&P 500 but delivered lower return. Their risk continues to be lower than all other benchmarks except the bond benchmark but still gave higher returns. Contrary to our previous observations, this observation does not make a great case for the hedge funds.
Conclusion from Exhibit3 and Exhibit4 1. Investors cannot practically invest in all 142 funds simultaneously. They would prefer to invest in 3 or 4 funds. This will shift the risk levels to the left, closer to the one depicted in exhibit3 2. Comparison to S&P is a bit unfair in 1990s due to the bull run and as hedge funds are mostly 100% net long, they tend to be less corelated to the market Hence, historical pattern of risk and return for S&P is not a reasonable estimate of its expected risk and return of the future.
Exhibit5. Effecient Frontier with/without Hedge Funds
In the above exhibit, expected returns and covariances are calculated on basis of monthly returns from January 1991 to September 1998. Hedge fund asset used is the average hedge fund.
We observe that the set of feasible portfolios is expanded significantly when hedge funds are available. It increases the portfolio return by as much as 200 basis points. Both frontiers terminate on the right in the single highest return asset, the S&P 500. The left terminates at different points which are the portfolios withe the least risk under the respective assumptions. Important conclusion for the above exhibit is that the average hedge funds seems to have lower risk and higher returns compared to other benchmarks except S&P. The returns are closer to the S&P and even though they are not highly corelated. This is a powerful combination as it enables investor to lower risk significantly without degrading return by forming a portfolio combining hedge funds and the S&P.
Exhibit6. Performance of Hedge funds during the down quarters of S&P
Hedge funds have continously outperformed the S&P during the poor quarters which further strengthens our argument of the consistent and low corelated performance of Hedge funds compared to the S&P
Conclusion We have looked at various exhibits that compares the hedge funds as a group and as an average,
against major benchmarks. Even with an incomplete and a conservative estimation, Hedge funds seem to have outperformed major benchmarks (except S&P) by giving consistent high returns for lower risks even in low quarters.This is a powerful combination as it enables investor to lower risk significantly without degrading return by forming a portfolio combining hedge funds and the S&P.