Angelica Last Translation.docx

An evaluation of the impact of the fall of ash on the agriculture and livestock of the populations of San Juan, Pillate, Santa Fe de Galan, Ganshi y Pachanillay as a result of the activity of the Tungurahua volcano during the period 1999-March 2014 AUTHOR: ANGÉLICA MARÍA AREQUIPA GILER TUTOR: ING LILIANA PAULINA TRONCOSO SALGADO M.SC SUMMARY The falls of ash generated during the eruptive process of the Tungurahua volcano (1992016) were one of the most frequent volcanic outcomes, and generated the worse effects in time and space on the populations living around the volcano. In the year 2014 the investigate project called Strenthening of Resilience in Volcanic Areas, STREVA, carried out enquiries, through which the present work analises the perception of the populations with regard to the effects generated by the falls of ash on their crops and animals; their principal sources of livelihood. The enquiries showed that the greatest effects were suffered in the years, 1999, 2006 and 2014, although 30% of those interviewed do not rememeber the specific year. People felt very affected by the falls of ash, this being the main cause of the death of their animals and the total loss of their crops. As a result of the eruptive process, the cattle, horses and camelidae, and products like potatoes and maze (susceptible to the ash), decreased in the area. The rearing of chickens, guinea pigs and rabbits increased from 52% to 63% between 1999 and 2014, and only in Ganshi did it reach 100%. Crops of onions (crop resilient to ash) sowed exclusively in Santa Fe de Galan, increased from 6% to 31%. The most common economic recovery method used was the maintenance of the routine in farming (73%) and livestock (57%), and the least common, saving (<4%). Also, there was established a low relationship between the level of effects and the type of effects on crops or animals, where the main answer was “maintain the routine” independently of the caracteristics of the phenomenon and its impact level; which would suggest the infuence of other types of factors: cultural, social or economical. From the results obtained it is concluded the the methods that could be adapted by the population in future processes are those mentioned in the norms of the FAO (2010). KEY WORDS: FALL OF ASH/ASH PROPERTIES, EFFECTS ON CROPS AND ANIMALS BECAUSE OF ASH FALL.