An Overview On Formulaic Competence

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An overview on formulaic competence Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo Semana de Letras – Faculdade Pitágoras – Vitória Outubro 2008

CHOMSKY(1959, 1965)

Linguistic Competence

HYMES( 1967, 1972) Linguistic Competence ( grammatical) Sociolinguistic Competence

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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(CELCE-MURCIA, 1995) CANALE & SWAIN ( 1980)

CANALE ( 1983)

CURRENT PROPOSAL

Grammatical Competence

Grammatical Competence

Linguistic Competence ( language as a system)

Strategic Competence

Strategic Competence

Strategic / Procedural Competence Socio-cultural Competence

Sociolinguistic Competence

Sociolinguistic Competence

Formulaic Competence ( language as lexical chunks and routines)

Paralinguistic Competence Discourse Competence

Discourse Competence Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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A USUAL COMBINATION OF SYNTATIC ELEMENTS: CÃO E GATO VS . GATO E CACHORRO PUSH THE BUTTON VS. PRESS THE BUTTON

COLLOCATIONS A USUAL CO-OCCURRENCE OF LEXICAL-SYNTATIC ELEMENTS: VELHA COROCA BREAKNECK SPEED

DOIDO VARRIDO BLITHERING IDIOT

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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A set of two words( chunk) belonging to the same grammatical category, linked either by a preposition or a conjunction. Combinability  the combinations are supposed to be conventionalized ( syntax). e.g. profit and loss ( convention) vs. gains and losses ( new formation) Adam and Eve ( the “original” couple) vs. Eve and Adam ( free combination)

Idiomaticity  non-reversibility, once they carry semantic denotations: e.g.

bag and baggage black and blue heads or tails

de mala e cuia roxo, cheio de hematomas cara ou coroa

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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And now……. Let’s get down to work, shall we ?

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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ON ON FOR FROM IN TO ABOUT IN AT ON OF OF Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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at random by appointment in common in/ by hand for the sake of in exchange for

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Merry Christmas Happy New year’s hard luck main course outside chance spare parts uprightpiano brown sugar close friend foreign policy

Feliz Natal Feliz Ano Novo má sorte prato principal hipótese remota partes sobressalentes piano de armário açúcar mascavo amigo íntimo política externa

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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throw give make do make make care take take keep take set

a party birth arrangements business a deal a joke

pay a visit make a mess keep in line make the bed feel at ease write a check attention pay pride accomplish a task a diary take offense into consideration have an exam set the table an appointment Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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óbvio ululante fato consumado velho gagá velha coroca papo furado débil mental gato pingado doido varrido Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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fish and chips deaf and dumb hit and run bacon and eggs ladies and gentlemen peace and love law and order to and fro hide and seek dead or alive

bed and breakfast rice and beans aches and pains ups and downs spick and span bread and butter back and forth lost and found gismos and gadgets cops and robbers Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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high and low safe and sound thunder and lightning rain or shine cut and dried neat and tidy wine and bread birds and bees alive and kicking all in all

top to bottom heart and soul knife and fork bit by bit time and again side by side null and void flesh and bone sick and tired do or die Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Mais vale um pássaro na mão do que dois voando. Birds of a feather flock together. Eles são farinha do mesmo saco. If you can't beat them, join them. Se não pode com eles, junte-se a eles. It takes two to tango. Se um não quer, dois não brigam. Two's company, three's a crowd. Um é pouco, dois é bom, três é demais. Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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All cats are grey in the dark. De noite todos os gatos são pardos. After a storm comes a calm. Depois da tempestade vem a bonança. A burnt child dreads the fire. Gato escaldado tem medo de água fria. All that glitters is not gold.. Nem tudo que brilha é ouro. Do not kick against the pricks. Não d~e murro em ponta de faca. Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Matar dois coelhos com uma só cajadada. Kill two birds with one stone. A curiosidade matou o gato. Curiosity killed the cat.

Quem ri por último ri melhor. He laughs best who laughs last.

O que os olhos não vêem, o coração não sente. Far from the eyes, far from the heart. Desgraça pouca é bobagem. When it rains, it pours/ It never rains but it pours. Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Nem só de pão vive o homem.. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. Tal pai, tal filho.

Like father, like son.

Tudo que cai na rede é peixe. All’s fish that comes to the net.

Cavalo dado não se olham os dentes. Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. Quando a gato sai de casa, os ratos fazem a festa.. When the cat’s away, the mice will play. Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Enfim, sós! Saúde!

Alone at last! Bless you!

Não tire conclusões apressadas.

Don’t jump to conclusions!

Pelo amor de Deus! Há quanto tempo! Suma daqui! Quem disse? Durma bem! Cuidado com o degrau! Que pena! Não tem erro!

For Heaven’s sake Long time no see! Get lost! Says who? Sleep tight! Watch your step! What a shame/pity! You can’t miss it! Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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E ponto final! E agora?!

And that’s that! Now what!

Em que posso ajudá-lo?.

What can I do for you?

Não há de quê! Estou falando sério! Meus pêsames! Sirva-se. Quer apostar? Para com esse papo! Não tenha pressa! Sei!

Don’t mention it! I mean it! My sympathy! Help yourself Wanna bet? Cut it out! Take your time! I see! Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Have safe trip! Your tough luck!

Boa viagem! Azar o seu!

I beg your pardon?

Como? Poderia repetir?

Shame on you! After you.

Que vergonha!

To make a long story short…

Time’s up! Act your age! Big deal! Count me out! Attaboy!

Tenha a bondade de passar Para encurtar a história…

O tempo acabou! Não seja infantil! Grande coisa! Não conte comigo! Muito bem! Bravo! Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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Good riddance! It’s up to you!

Já vai tarde! Você quem sabe!

I beg your pardon?

Como? Poderia repetir?

Heaven forbid! After you. I’ll be right back! Here’s to….. The floor is yours! Serves you right! Encore! Cross my heart!

Deus me livre! Tenha a bondade de passar

Já volto! Um brinde a…. A palavra é sua! Bem feito! Bis! Juro por Deus! Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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1

CELCE-MURCIA, Marianne. The elaboration of sociolinguistic competence: implication for teacher education. In Georgetown University Round table of languages and linguistics 1995. 1995,699-710

2

HILL, Jamie, LEWIS, Michael (editors). LTP Dictionary of selected collocations. London: LTP Language. 1999

3

TAGNIN, Stella Ortweiler .Expressões idiomáticas e convencionais. São Paulo: Editora Ática,1989

Prof. Rogério Pereira Azeredo

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