Amino Acizi Naturali

  • November 2019
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Amino-acizi naturali Amino-acizii sunt combinatii organice care contin in molecula una sau mai multe grupe amino si una sau mai multe grupe carboxil. Dupa structura, amino-acizii se impart in doua mari categorii: 1. Alifatici: unde grupele functionale sunt legate de o catena alifatica, chiar daca in molecula exista un nucleu aromatic. 2. Aromatici: unde grupele functionale sunt legate de un ciclu aromatic. Dupa asezarea relativa a grupelor functionale se deosebesc α-amino-acizi, β-amino-acizi, γ-amino-acizi, etc. Dintre amino-acizii alifatici, cei mai importanti sunt α-amino-acizi, adica acei amino-acizi care contin grupele functionale legate de acelasi atom de carbon. Se deosebesc mai multe categorii mari de α-amino-acizi alifatici: 1. monocarboxilici 2. dicarboxilici 3. hidroxi-amino-acizi 4. tioamino-acizi 5. diamino-acizi 6. amino-acizi heterociclici

Denumirea

Prescurtarea

Formula

Amino-acizi monocarboxilici Leucina (acidul α-aminoizocapronic)

Leu

Izoleucina (acidul α-amino-β-metilvalerianic)

Fenilalanina (acidul α-amino-β-fenil-propionic)

Glicocolul(glicina) (acidul aminoacetic)

Alanina (acidul α-aminopropionic)

Valina (acidul α-aminoizovalerianic)

Ileu Fe

CH3—CH—CH2—CH—COOH | | CH3 NH2 CH3—CH2—CH — CH—COOH | | CH3 NH2 —CH2—CH—COOH | NH2

Gli

CH2— COOH | NH2

Ala

CH3—CH—COOH | NH2

Val

CH3—CH — CH—COOH | | CH3 NH2

Amino-acizi dicarboxilici Acidul asparagic (acidul aminosuccinic)

HOOC—CH2—CH—COOH

| NH2 HOOC—CH2— CH2—CH—COOH | NH2

Asp

Acidul glutamic

(acidul α-aminoglutaric)

Glu

Hidroxi-amino-acizi Treonina

(acidul α-amino-β-hidroxibutiric)

Tirosina

(acidul α-amino-β-hidroxifenil-propionic)

Tr Ti

Serina

(acidul α-amino-β-hidroxipropionic)

CH3—CH — CH—COOH | | OH NH2 HO

—CH2—CH—COOH | NH2

CH2 — CH—COOH

Ser

| OH

| NH2

Tio-amino-acizi Cistina (acidul di[α-amino-β-tiopropionic] ) Metionina

(acidul α-amino-γ-metiltiobutiric)

Ci—S Ci—S Met

HOOC—CH—CH2—S—S-- CH2—CH—COOH | NH2 CH2— CH2—CH—COOH | | S -- CH3 NH2

| NH2

Cisteina (acidul α-amino-β-tiopropionic)

CH2 — CH—COOH

Cis

|

|

SH

NH2

Diamino-acizi Ornitina

(acidul α, δ-diaminovalerianic)

Or

Lisina (acidul α, ε-diaminocapronic)

Lis

CH2— CH2—CH2—CH—COOH | | NH2 NH2 CH2— CH2—CH2—CH2—CH—COOH | | NH2 NH2

Amino-acizi heterociclici Prolina

(acidul pirolidin-α-carboxilic)

Pro

H2C— CH2 | | H2C CH—COOH \ / NH

HO—HC — CH2 Hidroxiprolina (acidul β-hidroxipirolidin-α-carboxilic)

Hipro

| | H2C CH—COOH \ / NH

N — C — CH2— CH—COOH Histidina

(acidul α-amino-β-imidazolil-(4)-propionic) (imidazolil-(4)-alanina)

Triptofanul

(acidul α-amino-β-indolil-(3)-propionic) (indolil-(3)-alanina)

His

Tri

|| || HC CH \ / NH

NH2

|

— CH2— CH—COOH | NH2

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