Allium-sativum.docx

ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Removing Different Kinds of Stains on Various Surfaces Using the Sanitizing Property of Allium sativum and Acetic Acid as a Non-toxic Multi-surface Cleaner

An Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty of the Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernadino Memorial Trade School Marilao, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Biology II

Del Mundo, Angela Julianne L. Dela Fuente, Angelica Mae B. Tangonan, Miguel Jordan V. Acbayan, Jhon Kenneth A. Cuerdo, Amylexianne Q. Dela Cruz, John Paul S. Donato, Romeo Jr. B. Cayongcong, Ariel D. Grajo, Jervismarc O. Apelacio, Jenard S. Investigators

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page......................................................................................................2 Abstract.........................................................................................................3 Introduction...................................................................................................4 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….….6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………..7 Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………8 Methodology................................................................................................11 Conclusion and Recommendation..............................................................13 Summary.....................................................................................................14 References..................................................................................................15

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is a versatile vegetable in the world commonly seen in households, but its benefits including its antibacterial properties is unknown to most people. The purpose of the study was to create a product that ascertain the antimicrobial properties of garlic is potent enough to serve as disinfectant spray to be used for multi-surface cleaner. The researchers chopped four to five cloves of garlic then let it sit for few more minutes. The garlic, water, alcohol and the desired scent were put in a sterilized bottle. The bottle then was mixed thoroughly. In just one bottle, anyone could know whether if it tackled all of the messes on different surfaces. The researchers made a conjecture that the experiment will likely to succeed and make a nontoxic garlic surface cleaner.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background Introduction Nowadays, concentration of indoor pollutant is higher than the outdoors according to statistics. This problem lead to various concepts of the prominent multi-surface cleaners without people knowing its noxious content. Most of the surface cleaners are too toxic and hazardous because of its chemical content such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite that can permanently burn eyes and skin. Meanwhile, most of the people widely consume garlic only as seasoning, condiment or ingredient for daily food, not knowing the other purposes of it, especially in terms of its vigorous properties. Allium sativum, or commonly known as garlic, is a convenient and valuable herb, plant or vegetable that grows around the world. Garlic is commonly known as a condiment in cooking but it also has many benefits that can majorly help the community. When it comes to garlic, many researches primarily tackle about its health benefits prior to its other purposes such as killing bacteria.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Combining the idea of the versatile garlic into the harmless surface cleaner spray would make a huge impact particularly in cleaning households without any hazardous acts. To make it clear, the research aims to promote garlic as an alternative multi-surface cleaner together with alcohol. The main purpose of the study is to create a home-made product that promotes the antimicrobial properties of garlic as an alternative multi-surface cleaner spray compare to other surface cleaner with altered indefinite variables in each experiment. Within this, the researchers then can make a great nontoxic product that is entirely made from natural ingredients if it worked as a multi-purpose cleaner on a wide variety surfaces where dirt and microorganisms can be found. While garlic suggests numerous health benefits, the research only considered its bacteria-cleaning benefit. The scope of the study includes the antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum, and the properties of other ingredients such as the acetic logarithmic scale (pH) of vinegar that make the surface cleaner effective.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Statement of the Problem Making a do-it-yourself surface cleaner undergoes process and is not an easy task to do. Garlic, as given, can be an alternative nontoxic surface cleaner because of its antimicrobial content together with the vinegar. The following are the research questions that shall be clarified along with the study: 1. What is the primary role of Allium sativum in the experiment? 2. What is the main component of garlic that makes it able to remove dirt or microorganisms? 3. What is the essence of putting alcohol in the solution? 4. Why is there the presence of the desired scent in the experiment? 5. How do this surface cleaner differ from other products in terms of: a. ingredients used in experiment? b. toxicity? c. efficacy of the product? 6. What is the advantage of replacing your chemically infused surface cleaner with the organic Allium sativum surface cleaner?

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Significance of the Study The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following: To the school. The study will provide the students with knowledge about the essence of garlic especially the benefits that they could get on how to make their own garlic multi-surface cleaner. It will give the students a realization that would finally know why garlic is very important to people. To home. The research aims to produce an alternative nontoxic multi-surface cleaner that can be used to help in household chores. The study would provide families a cleaner easily made from natural ingredients and guide families on what to do with the garlic. Parents would be able to understand on why some people want to get some garlic and use it regularly. To the community.

The research can raise the

awareness of the community as to why garlic is very versatile to daily life. The study would help them formulate some preventive measures to help the community and learn some useful information. The study will also provide the community a new product that they can make in home with natural ingredients.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature and Studies Surface Cleaning Sprays' Noxious Composition Surfactant is usually the main composition of consumer products such as cleaning agents and is generally described in the form of such acute toxicity data (Falbe, 2012). The previous study stated that surfactants at low concentration can sometimes kill fishes and can have more unsatisfying outcome if the surfactant is being high-concentrated. In this study, the toxicity of the surfactant which is held by cleaning agents can be observed evidently. This suggests that household cleaning supply can be harmful in many ways especially when the poisonous cleaning product is ingested, inhaled or touched. Bacteria-killing Property of Garlic According to the study of Pasteur in 1990, a French chemist and microbiologist, garlic's potential as antibacterial agent is capable of killing bacteria the way penicillin does and can disinfect bacteria from wounds. This study proved that garlic is an anti-microbial and anti-bacterial agent to heal wounds and to treat infections. But, it is stated that the efficacy of garlic to be in an antibiotic needs more research to have definite conclusions. The study tackles about garlic

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

as an anti-microbial agent but discusses its medical purpose. Thus, it is much related to the study conducting by the researchers because of its anti-bacterial property. The "Antibacterial effect of Garlic Aqueous Extract on Staphylococcus aureus in Hamburger" study of Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Sharokh Shabani and Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini (2014) expressed that the Alium sativum (garlic) is one of the herbs who's a potential inhibitor for food pathogens but can also has potential antibacterial effect. Foods are contaminated with pathogens which can cause danger to consumer’s health so the study provided an experiment to help the shelf life of a food increase, and also the possibilities of food poisoning and spoilage in processed foods decrease. In this study, the garlic aqueous extract was prepared under sterile conditions and was added in 1, 2, and 3 mL to 100g hamburger samples. The experiment proved garlic's property as antimicrobial which can kill the pathogens residing in food. Allicin The study of Selene Yeager (1998) states that allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates, has a variety of antimicrobial activities. Allicin in its pure form was found to exhibit i) antibacterial activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and

Gram-positive

bacteria,

including

multidrug-resistant

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

enterotoxicogenic strains of Escherichia coli; ii) antifungal activity. The medicinal use of garlic as an antifungal agent has been validated by numerous research papers and publications. Most of the antifungal properties of garlic have been attributed to allicin, a phytochemical that is produced when raw garlic cloves are crushed or chopped. To maximize the allicin-content of your garlic dishes, you should let the chopped or crushed garlic sit several minutes before using it. Research shows that allowing chopped or crushed garlic to sit for 10 to 15 minutes before using it can significantly increase the amount of allicin it produces. Antioxidants in garlic help protect the body from free radicals, destructive oxygen molecules that attack healthy cells and that can cause cellular damage. Due to their destructive effects on cells, free radicals are heavily implicated in several diseases including eye

disorders,

dementia,

rheumatoid

arthritis,

cardiovascular

problems, diabetes, atherosclerosis, an impaired immune system, certain types of cancer, and even Alzheimer's disease.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

CHAPTER III Methodology Gathering of materials To make a conclusion about the efficacy of garlic as a surface cleaner, we created a mixture that will act as our sample but preparation for the materials or ingredients is primary a requisite on how to make this simple non-toxic surface cleaner. The spray bottle we will use as container and a mean to spray the mixture on surfaces would be better if underwent through sterilization process. Of course, the main variable in this study, the garlic, is also needed which can easily be found in households. It is one of the most common ingredient used in foods and can usually found in most refrigerators. Other variables present in the mixture are water, alcohol and your desired scent. Mixture proper Before proceeding to the mixture itself, four to five cloves of garlic are needed to be chopped. Let it sit for about ten to fifteen minutes. This way, the important chemical compound called Allicin, theoretically according to some previous studies will proliferate in amount significantly. Allicin has its antibacterial and antifungal property

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

which will make huge increment in the effectiveness of our product but this allicin is the one responsible for the distinctive odor of the garlic. Continuing the process, we will put the chopped garlic in a bowl. After this we will pour two parts water and one part alcohol in the bowl where the chopped garlic is residing. Alcohol will help in making the mixture effective. The next thing to do is to transfer the mixture of garlic and vinegar in a clean spray bottle. But before transferring, sterilization is a must. It will make the product last longer and it will not affect the effectiveness of the mixture. If not sterilized, it may be contaminated and will spoil the mixture easily. Pour the bottle in hot water, then rinse again. Using a funnel transfer the mixture. Presence of the Desired Scent In this product, the presence of your desired scent will play a major role. This will provide extra rejuvenating scent which will depend on your preference which will give you higher satisfaction in making this product. Just add a little amount of scent on the mixture and you are done. Your surface cleaner is now ready to use.

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

CHAPTER IV Results and Discussion Table 1. Efficacy of the Product to Different Stains on Table Stain

Results

Sauce spill Marker Dirt

Table 2. Efficacy of the Product to Different Stains on Kitchen Worktop Stain

Results

Sauce spill Oil Dirt

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Table 3. Efficacy of the Product to Different Stains on Wall Stain

Results

Marker Dirt Mud

Table 4. Efficacy of the Product to Different Stains on Floor Stain

Results

Sauce spill Mud Dirt

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

Table 5. Efficacy of the Product to Different Stains on Door Stain

Results

Marker Dirt

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

CHAPTER V Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion and Recommendation The study ended providing an insight about the garlic surface cleaner. Each variable that is present in the mixture serves major and minor roles. Researches stated that garlic is one broad spectrum antibiotic which can kill wide variety of bacteria. The primitive

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

essence of the property of Allium sativum (garlic), which provided the biggest role, is proven to be antimicrobial and it can kill bacteria. Allicin, the compound found in chopped garlics that creates the garlics unpleasant smell is the one that gave life to its antimicrobial property. Meanwhile, the alcohol and the secent are just helping hands that makes the mixture more effective. Now, everyone can take this antibacterial property to be put in the idea of a nontoxic surface cleaner. By doing so, there is no need to buy surface cleaners with surfactants.

Summary Garlic (Allium sativum) is a vegetable commonly seen on groceries, supermarket in some gardens and even in our kitchen which makes it easy to find. It is commonly used as an ingredient of different cuisines but many of us did not know what other functions this vegetable can perform. It is unknown to most of the people. Previous

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

studies always refer garlic as medicine or having medicinal purpose. The study showcases the other face of the garlic that previous studies did not approach, it can be used as a surface cleaner with the help of other variables such as vinegar and lemon extract. Common surface cleaners usually contain surfactants that is toxic to human being. Garlic contains allicin, a compound which is proven for its antimicrobial property. The process of creating the product was just a breeze. You just have to chop some cloves of garlic and let it sit for ten to fifteen minutes in order to let the compound allicin come out. Allicin is the most important compound in this experiment. After this, just pour water, alcohol and add your desired scent. Now, you can enjoy cleaning surfaces like tables and sinks with the mixture without hesitating how noxious the contents are.

References Yadav, S., Trivedi, N. A., & Bhatt, J. D. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic juice: An in vitro study. Ayu, 36(2), 203-7. Mozaffari Nejad, A. S., Shabani, S., Bayat, M., & Hosseini, S. E. (2014). Antibacterial Effect of Garlic Aqueous Extract on Staphylococcus

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Appointing the Source of Allium Sativum’s Distinctive Odor as Main Component of Nontoxic Multi-surface Cleaner

aureus in Hamburger. Jundishapur journal of microbiology, 7(11), e13134. Lu, X., Rasco, B. A., Jabal, J. M., Aston, D. E., Lin, M., & Konkel, M. E. (2011). Investigating antibacterial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,

Raman

microscopy. Applied and

spectroscopy,

and

electron

environmental microbiology, 77(15),

5257-69. Ankri S., Mirelman D.(1999) Microbes and Infection, 1 (2) , pp. 125129. https://www.healwithfood.org/medicinal-uses/garlic-healingproperties.php?fbclid=IwAR1786vZdvityXdeExkfzUVfM__Eh7VzY uxXr2WZ0VynnTeFQTsG8PXifxY

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