Ajnas Project.docx

“A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY”

PROJECT REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (CUCBCSS) UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

Submitted by

AJNAS.T REG NO: PYAPBCM0110 Under the guidance of

Ms. SILPA.E.K Assistant professor in commerce department

PRIYADARSHINI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE MELMURI 2015-2018

DECLARATION

I, AJNAS.T hereby declare that the project report entitled “A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY” submitted to university of Calicut, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of bachelor of commerce is a record of original project work done by me under the supervision and guidance of Ms. SILPA. E K, Assistant professor, Department of Commerce, Priydarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri, and it has not formed the basis for the award of any degree /diploma or other similar title to any candidate in any university.

AJNAS.T

Place: Date:

CERTIFICATES

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY” is a bonfide record of work done by AJNAS.T the report is submitted to the University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the BACHELOR OF COMMERCE degree course 2015-2018

Prof. ATHIRA Professor and Head Department of commerce Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri

Place: Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that AJNAS.T has completed his project work “A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMER SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY” in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOROF COMMERCE under my supervision. She allowed submit this project work.

Ms. SILPA.E K Assistant professor Department of commerce and Management

Place: Priyadarshini Arts & Science College,Melmuri Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the supreme power, the almighty GOD, for helping me during this project work with much interest and enthusiasm. I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to our Prof. M.SHANTAKUMAR, Principal, Priyadarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri. I have immensely grateful to my guide Ms. SILPA.E K and to all my teachers for this consistent encouragement and guidance throughout this project period. I knowledge my sincere gratitude to Prof. ATHIRA, Head of Department of Commerce, Priyadarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri for providing me the necessary advice support required for carrying out of the study. I express my grateful thanks to those customers corporate with us during the project period. I acknowledge you all respondents for this co-operation and willingness.

AJNAS.T

Place: Date:

CONTENT

SL.NO

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NAME OF THE CHAPTER

PAGE.NO

CHAPTER 1  INTRODUTION  OBJECTIVE OF STUDY  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM  SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

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 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY  LIMITATION OF THE STUDY  CHAPTERRISATION

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CHAPTER 2  REVIEW OF LITRETURE

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10-14

CHAPTER 3  THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

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OF THE STUDY

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CHAPTER 4  DATA ANALYSIS AND INTER PRETATION

35-51

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CHAPTER5 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

52-55

6  BIBLIOGRAPHY  APPENDIX

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LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

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TABLES AND CHARTS

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Table and figure showing the percentage of respondents who have done online shopping of

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second hand goods.

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Table and figure showing the gender of people who making online purchase of second hand

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good.

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Table and figure showing age group of respondents who shops online for second hand

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goods.

4

Table and figure showing frequency of online

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shopping of second hand goods.

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Table and figure showing type of products

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through second hand goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing amount spent for

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second hand goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing mode of payment for

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second hand goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing Time spent second

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hand goods in online shopping.

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9 Table and figure showing recommendation of second hand goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing mostly preferred

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electronic device used for online shopping of second hand goods.

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Table and figure showing originations of idea

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about online shopping of second hand goods.

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Table and figure showing the mostly preferred websites by the customers for second hand

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goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing peoples reliability on

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second hand goods in online shopping.

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Table and figure showing mostly preferred

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type of buying of second hand goods.

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Table and figure showing consideration in feedback shopping.

second

hand

goods

in

online

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buy goods and services and has rapidly evolved in to a global phenomenon. It changed the traditional way of shopping. So now, a consumer can active at virtually any time and place and can purchase products and services. This research paper is used to analyses and interprets customer buying behavior of used goods over internet. Second hand goods involve those goods which are used once. When customer needs to upgrade to an adverse version of existing goods, they can exchange or sell their used goods. For this purpose now a day’s internet provides a lot of platforms in the form of c2c websites. This study is done in order to get a deep analysis over the customers and sellers involved online selling and buying of used items including home appliances, vehicles, mobile phones, books, furniture…..

In the present

scenario, there are lots of websites enabling the exchange of used goods like OLX, DROOM, Quicker, eBay…… And also this project is done in order to analyse which all websites are used for the purpose of buying, selling and exchanging the second hand goods and analysing the various categories of people using online c2c websites and also for analysing what type of goods are mostly traded over internet. Online shopping is definitely a great way to shop with everything available on the websites. From home Appliances, Mobile phones, Books, Vehicles, and many more, this mode of shopping allows one to shop conveniently without hassle on spending hours in a supermarket shopping areas. The internet with its wide area of information nooks, allows the customer to go through various review of the products or services before actually heading for

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purchase. The online shopping websites also have daily deals for the customer looking for discount and store offering. There are many reasons for such rapid developing of internet shopping, which mainly due to benefits that internet provides. First of all, the internet offers different kind of convenience to customers. Obviously, customers do not need go out looking for product information as the internet can help them to search from online sites, and it also helps evaluate between each sites get the cheapest price for purchase. Furthermore, the internet can enhance consumer use products more efficiently and effectively than other channels to satisfy their needs. This is mainly focused on the population who purchase second hand goods over internet in Manjeri. Now the traditional purchases of second hand goods are replaced by online purchase of second hand goods. As a result, it reduced the operational, ordering and processing cost. So this study conducted on buying behavior of online purchase of second-hand goods in internet.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is undertaken to know the buying behavior of different categories of people. Now a day’s every one using internet for their small needs. So it is better to know whether people are using internet for trading of second hand goods. Most people preferring internet for this, as it is a convenient mean of trading. So this project deals with the buying behavior of people through internet, especially in the used goods. And through this report, it is desirable to know the reasons of online buying of people.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study the online buying behaviour of used goods in Manjeri.  To study the most preferred websites for the trading purpose of second hand goods.

 To identify the mostly traded used goods over internet.  To analyses the reasons for using internet for trading purpose.

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SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

The study was conducted over a period of 3 weeks entitled “study of buying behavior of second hand goods in special reference to Manjeri locality”. So many researchers have been conducted in this topic. This study is conducted to know the buying behavior of peoples towards second hand goods over internet. And it is also for conducted to identify the mostly traded second hand goods over internet and also find out mostly used websites for trading the second hand good .the scope at the study is limited within the premises at Manjeri area.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Population The population of the study constitutes the 80 customers in Manjeri locality. Sample Design The sample size is fixed as 80. Purposive sampling method is used for selecting respondents. Type of Data Both Primary and Secondary data are used for the study. Source of Data The Primary data are collected from online buyers of second hand goods in Manjeri locality. The Secondary data are collected from books, Journals and Internet. Tool for Data Collection Questionnaire method is used for collecting primary data. Tool of Analysis The tool of analysis include Tables, Graphs, Diagrams, Percentage, Charts….etc.

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LIMITATIONSOF THE STUDY These studies have few limitations:

 People may not responds because their unawareness.  Collecting information is restricted only to the people who know to use internet.

 Aged people become bored because of their unfamiliarity with internet.  Limitations of websites become limitations of this study.

 Sampling error may occur.

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CHAPTERISATION

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION

CHAPETR 2:REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3:THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER 4:DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 5:FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter consist of review of literature related with buying behavior of customer while purchasing the second hand goods through online it reviews current issues in online buying of second hand goods. Majority of population today is a user’s of online shopping and after the growth of E-commerce, now M-commerce is coming in to limelight. Various studies show that M-commerce has many advantages that make the customer prefer Mcommerce over E-commerce. Consumer behaviour analysis means this study of individuals groups or organisations in regard to their process of selecting securing, using and disposing the products, service or a experience to satisfy the needs and the impact of these process on the consumer and society.

 Liao and Cheung, 2001; saeed et al., 2003;Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001; Chen and Dubinsky, 2003. Identify pre-purchase intentions of customers is the key to understand why they ultimately do or do not shop from the web market. One stream of research under online customer behaviour consists of studies that handle the variables influencing these intentions. A completion of some of the determinants the variables influencing these intentions. A completion of some of the determinants researchers have examined are: Transaction security, Vendor quality, Price considerations, Information and service quality, System quality, Privacy and security risk, Trust, Shopping enjoyment, Valence of online shopping experience, and perceived product quality.  Andrews and Currim, 2004. The list of factors having a positive or negative impact on consumer’s propensity to shop do not seem to be very different from the consideration encountered in offline environments. However, the sensitivities individuals display for each variable might 11

very different in online marketplaces. Factors like price sensitivity, importance attributed to brands or the choice sets considered in online and offline environments can be significantly different from each other. Uncertainties about products and shopping processes, trust worthiness of the online seller, or the convenience and economic utility they wish to drive from electronic shopping determine the costs versus the benefits of this environment for consumers (teo et ai 2004). Further studies aiming to complete the full set of factors influencing consumers ‘pre purchase intensions are still much awaited.  MAYER, 2002; Betts, 2001; Oliver, 1999. Many studies frequently mention that there is a vast amount of window shopping taking place online but the number or the rate of suffers who turn into purchasers or regular BUYERS ARE VERY LOW (MAYER, 2002; Betts, 2001; Oliver, 1999). The might happen because of the lack of consumer intention to purchase an offering from the online environment at the outset. It might also happen because of the various problems that arise during online shopping driving the consumer to abandon the task in the middle. Therefore, while one streame of research should identify the reasons behind the purchase reluctance of consumers, another area of concentration should be why people abandon their shopping carts and stop the purchasing process in the middle.  Mayer, 2002; Chen and He, 2003.Common reason for purchase reluctance are the difficulties and the costs of distance shipping, inadequate amount of purchase related information, troubles experienced after the purchase such as delivery or refund problems, general security fear, and various preserved risks such as financial, product-related or psychological risks (Mayer, 2002; Chen and He, 2003). On the other hand, the reason of abandoning purchases is much more technical such as unexpected shipping costs or transaction complexity (Harvard Business 12

Review, 2000). In other words, some consumers accept to shop from the internet in principle but technical complexities or infective systems discourage them. Regardless of the pessimistic state of events, marketers should not be hopeless about the future. Once the risks consumers perceive about shopping through the web are reduced, the environment still promises a high potential for selected consumers segments. Studies show that consumers who search for product related information through the web have stronger intention to make purchases online (shim et al., 2001).

Therefore, building on the information advantage can be

expected to pay off in the future. Constructing effective decision support systems and assisting consumers with interactive decision tools are also successful attempts that need to be developed further (O’Keefe and McEachern, 1998; Barber, 2001). However, investing on the prepurchase stages of the decision making process is not adequate. Developing and testing the effectiveness of specific “selling” strategies and tactics for the cyber market are also crucial. Studies the focus on currently unavailable but possible tools of cyber shopping in the future, such as the use of artificial shopping agents that work on behalf of consumers in the online market (Redmond, 2002), are also very valuable efforts enlightening the road for future studies. Majority of population today is a user’s of online shopping and after the growth of E-commerce, now M-commerce is coming in to limelight. Various studies show that M-commerce has many advantages that make the customer prefer M-commerce over E-commerce. Consumer behavior analysis means this study of individuals groups or organisations in regard to their process of selecting securing, using and disposing the products, service or a experience to satisfy the needs and the impact of these process on the consumer and society.

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The invention of internet has changed the idea of the traditional way of shopping. A customer is no longer bound to opening times or specific locations of the retails outlets: he can become active at virtually any time and place and can purchase product and servicers. Internet provides a medium for communication and information exchange and the number of internet users are increasing leading to the growth of online shopping trend. E-commerce is widely considered as the buying and selling of products over the internet. E-commerce is considered a mass medium that provides the customers with purchase characteristics like none other than medium. Contain characteristics make it more convenient for shopping, like the ability to view and purchase the products any time, visualise their needs with the products, and direct product with other customer.

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CHAPTER-3

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

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ONLINE SHOPPING OF SECOND HAND GOODS IN INDIA The growth of the internet as a secure shopping channel has developed since 1994, with the first sales of Sting album 'Ten Summoner's Tales'

Wine,

chocolates and flowers soon followed and were among the pioneering retail categories which fueled the growth of online shopping. The birth and growth of internet has been the biggest event of the country. E-commerce in India has come a long way from a timid beginning in the 1999-2000 to a period where one can sell and find all sorts of stuff from a high end product to a meager peanut online. Slowly the trading of second hand goods becomes popular. Used good is one that is being purchased by or otherwise transferred to a second or later end user. With the help of internet now it can be successfully done through internet. The bodies require a certification and registration of the sale, to prevent the sale of stolen, unregistered or unsafe goods. Researchers found that having products that are appropriate for ecommerce was a key indicator of Internet success.[3] Many of these products did well as they are generic products which shoppers didn't need to touch and feel in order to buy. But also importantly in the early days there were few shoppers online and they were from a narrow segment: affluent, male, 30+. Online shopping has come a long way since these early days and -in the UK- accounts for significant percent’s depending on product category as percentage Selling and buying used goods is gaining popularity in India with consumers becoming comfortable with classified business websites such as OLX, Quikr, and others. Refurbished goods, too, find takers, especially in the mobile phone segment, with sites such as Value Cart and Prepared.

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According to a report by Morgan Stanley, Asia Insight: Decoding What India Does on the Internet, online shopping of used goods is gaining traction across all income groups. “Purchasing used products online is not a phenomenon only for low income groups. Even high income groups have bought used products online, though they spend more on purchasing new products,” it said.

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How to Buy and Sell second-hand Goods Over Internet  How to buy Classified business websites such as OLX and Quikr follow the customer-tocustomer (C2C) model. Products uploaded by a seller are often rated with one to five stars, one being the lowest, based on information and pictures provided by the seller. But the best way to get a good deal is to interact with the seller, and get as much information as one can before buying. “Start by asking the seller basic questions about the model, make, age, and features of the product. After that ask about how the item was used, why it is being sold, and maintenance history, among other things,” said Amarjit Singh Batra, chief executive officer, OLX India Pvt. Ltd. “This will give your insight into the history of the item, and a better idea of whether the item is being sold at a just price. It is always advisable to check out different ads for the same item before deciding,” he added. On a classifieds business website that works on a C2C model, the quality and pricing of the product completely depends on the seller, and the buyer’s decision to buy is solely based on her interaction and exchange with the seller. However, an online portal that sells refurbished or pre-owned products, buys returned items from online, or users; gets them checked by its quality team; packs them properly; puts its own warranty or gets one from that particular brand; and then sells it as “good as new”. While in a C2C site, the buyer and seller decide everything, in a refurbished goods website, it is the portal that sets the price. They check the condition and keep the product stocked with us until sold. They research the price, list the product and maintain transparency. If, despite all this, the buyer is not satisfied, they offer immediate 100% refund.

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Compare prices of the product—with the market price, and on the same site. Some websites offer tools to compare prices. One such is maximum selling price (MSP) calculator on Quikr, which helps consumers arrive at a reasonably accurate value  How to sell For getting the best value for your used product online, advertise with correct information. When pricing your product, remember to keep additional costs, such as delivery, in mind. Advertisements with pictures receive 50% more responses. Post relevant photos and give an accurate description for the best response Another reason for giving adequate information is so that fraudulent ads can be spotted, which are then deleted and, if needed, the user is blocked from accessing the site, If you don’t get quick responses to an ad you placed, first, re-examine the price you are seeking. To get a good idea of how one should price a product, consider the market price of the item, and depreciate the value by taking into account age, maintenance, and other relevant parameters for the product category. Also check how much other sellers for same or similar products are asking for. Going significantly above that range may not work. Kolkata-based operations professional KajalBarik, 35, finds selling things online easy. She has even sold a 1 bedroom-hall-kitchen apartment on OLX, within a week of posting the ad at a gain of about 50%. She even managed to save a lot of money for herself and the buyer as no dealer was involved. The next step is to re-check the photos that you have posted. Put up genuine, original, and clear photographs, taken from different angles. Avoid using stock photos. Ads with genuine photos get a better response. The third step is to revise

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the description and ad title. The more accurate the description, the faster the item is likely to sell.

ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING OF SECOND HAND GOODS Online shopping of second-hand goods has become a popular shopping method ever since the internet has declared a takeover. There are many individuals they are looking for other amazing alternative shopping and online shopping is just the fix for that. There are many advantages of online shopping of second hand goods; these are the reasons why online stores are a booming business today. They are listed below: 1. More Affordable: when we shop through thrift stores, yard sales and other second hand venues your money stretches much farther. On average used products are generally 50% cheaper allowing us to save money for other important expenditure.

2. It’s Easier to spot Quality: since most of the merchandise you come across has already been broken in, you can see what has quality and what does not. Practical and affordable.

3. IT’S Green: Buying used goods cuts down on manufacturing demands and keeps more items out of the land fill! Because a large amount of man made goods are routinely thrown away, re-using gives 20

a longer life to common household items another family could use, saving the Earth in effect.

4. Inspire to Recycle: The flow of second hand giving goes both ways. Items or cloths you no longer use, you can donate back to a local consignment shop and offer up goods another may be searching for. The act of recycling not only enables us to feel good about our actions but, again keeps money in the local economy and supports the green living movements.

5. Service exceeds: while this can’t be assumed for every second hand shop, garage sale, or flea market, the atmosphere. Interaction is much more please and due to the slower flow of shoppers, service is readily available if you should need help.

6. Brand Names: If you’re an individual who worships the tag, you’re likely to find many recycled, brand names clothes available. It’s a great way to suit your stylish needs while saving a bundle and helping the environment.

7. New Merchandise Arrives Daily: consignment shops receive donations daily, so the hunt for that unique item is always new and fresh. If they don’t have what you’re looking for, chances are in a couple of days it might be present. 8. Used products don’t require new resources: Every manufactured products is responsible for a certain amount of recourses consumed21

from farming cotton, clear cutting forests, mining for metals, or pumping out oil the production of new books and furniture require trees to be cut down (95% of books are made from virgin paper). Anything made of plastic is produced from oil pumped from the earth. The metals in cell phones, jewellery, computers, all must be scraped out of the planet, with horrible environmental consequences. Luckily, there’s an alternatives-used items don’t require any new resources to be consumed.

9. Used products don’t generate pollution: the growing and producing of stuff pumps a lot of pollution into the environment including toxic chemicals, pesticides, and carbon emissions. For example, new cotton t-shirt is responsible for 1/3pound of pesticides dumped into the cotton field. A new mind-sized car is responsible for 30000 pounds of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. 10.Used products don’t require energy to create: the farming, harvesting, manufacturing, and shipping of a new product requires quite a bit of energy from electricity (usually from natural gas or coal) and from oil (from running the vehicles used in farming, harvesting, shipping) this is called “embodied energy “used goods don’t require any energy, except perhaps the gas required for you to drive over to the guy from craigslist’s house. The folks at riot 4 austerity, who sponsor 90% energy and consumption reduction challenge, deem used goods to “count” as only 10% of their purchase price, and even better donated goods from charity stores count as only 0%.

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11.Used products don’t have packaging: when you buy almost any new product, it comes with some kind of packaging- plastic hard casing, shrink wrap, cardboard box, Styrofoam, pellets, etc.The packaging materials use energy and resources to create. It can be really difficult to find a way to recycle all that packaging, or even more annoying, to have to throw it away. When you buy used from your local thrift shop, craigslist, or get a hand-me down from a friend, you don’t have any packaging to deal with. 12.buying used supports good cause sand the local economy: buying from a neighbour keeps your money in the neighbourhood, not headed off to Wal-Mart headquarters. Buying from thrift supports whatever causes them support-literacy, the disabled, the stick, the blind, the poor. Most used stores, even if they are on the internet, are small mom-and-shops, not corporate behemoths. And if you buy it used, you are quite likely keeping it from rotting in a keeping it from rotting in a landfill. 13.buying used lets you avoid trying to figure out all the mumbojumbo green washing claims: Now that green is fashionable, you can buy $290 organic, fair-trade, natural, recycled everything-for price. But is it really organic? Who says? By what standard? Is there even a standard? Oh, really it’s recycled? But what percentage, is that just the package or also the product, is it post- industrial, and it is also recyclable? What it made with sodium laureate sulphate, parables or phthalates? It’s enough to make you tear your hair out trying to research how to buy every item greenly. Fuggedaboutit – buy used. That way, you definitely won’t be a corporate patsy.

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DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING OF SECOND HANDGOODS If there are advantages, most likely there will be disadvantages. Despite the success of purchasing through online shopping stores, there is still some disadvantage that most people complain about. They are below:-

1. It won’t work for long :One must ask themselves, when considering purchasing used gadgets, why the person or place is selling this older items to begin with. If it was such a great item wouldn’t the owner still be using it? Some people get rid of items when they have started showing signs of problems. so the owner decides they need a new one and put the old one on sales. This general thinking is a limitation of the purchase of second hand goods.

2. Repairs :So you decide that buying second hand gadgets is the way to go and end up having to have one repaired. Actually it might not end up being such a cheap way to get gadgets by the time you pay that repair bill. Worst case scenario is that the gadget you have either will cost an arm and a leg to have fixed or is so outdated that no one is willing to work on it and you are left with a paper weight.

3. The hassle: when you buy second hand goods, you know you will have to put up with your friends and family laughing at you for not having the latest and greatest things like they have. If you are one of those people who do not care about keeping up with everyone else, then that is a good thing. Although you may still have to deal with the hassle of your older goods not being compatible with your friend’s goods. 24

4. Personally check the item :If you are one of those shoppers who want to touch, see, and test the product personally at online shopping , you are not able to do so. Online stores are only showing product description and photos of the products, which can be disadvantages for many online shoppers.

5. Delay :The main disadvantage of online shopping is, you cannot receive the product immediately. You have to wait until the product arrives. Sometime it is better to have an item instantly than keep waiting for it for many days. I would prefer to buy an item instantly if the delivery is too long.

6. Inferior product: You don’t know the actual quality of the product. Sometimes the description of the product might be different than the actual product. As a result you might end up with inferior quality products.

7. Shipping charge :Shipping charge and shipping delay are one of the main problem of online shopping. Items are generally cheaper in online web store. But sometimes his addition of shipping charge makes the price similar or more expensive than your nearby local store.

8. Scam: As online shopping become very common the number of online scams and fraud is also increasing. This way a buyer should always buy

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from trusted websites only because trusted websites would take care of any fraud to maintain their reputation.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

INTERNET In a relative short period of time, the internet has had an amazing impact on almost every facet of our lives. With it, we are able to access to new ideas, more information, unlimited possibilities and a whole new world of communities. It has grown and evolved to influence how we interact, how we conduct business, how we learn, and how we proceed day to day. And as much as it has changed our lives, in the process, the internet itself has changed to. The history of internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The US Department of Defence awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems, including the development of the ARPANET. The first message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Klein rock’s laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).

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Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, NPL network, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of communications protocols. Donald Davies first designed a packet-switched network at the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, which became a test bed for UK research for almost two decades. The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was introduced as the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET. In the early 1980s the NSF funded the establishment for national supercomputing centers at several universities, and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also created network access to the supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by officially commercial entities emerged in several American cities by late 1989 and 1990, and the NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. In the 1980s, research at CERN in Switzerland by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee resulted in the World Wide Web, linking hypertext documents into an information system, accessible from any node on the network. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture, commerce, and technology, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World 27

Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through twoway telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007. Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.

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COMPANY PROFILE

SECOND HAND GOODS IN ONLINE SHOPPING SITES:

1. OLX: It is quite active classified ads site with a maximum number of sellers and buyers from

India. Maybe the TV commercials are the reason

of its popularity but experience says, it’s quite good in their business. Submit ads for free and without creating an account. If you want to buy something, here you will find interesting items, cheaper than in the store. The OLX marketplace facilitates buying and selling services and goods such as electronics, furniture, household goods, cars and bikes. Payments between buyer and seller are made offline, so OLX does not have to deal with varying payment infrastructure Availability in each of its markets.

2. Quikr: It is other classified ads site highly promoted on televisions. Owing to the popularity, it has a vast product range and alternatives of same products for Buyer. The seller can post an ad for free while upgrade plans for premium ads vary according to the product sold. One thing must be noted that Shipping has to be done by the seller and no site takes responsibility of that. Buyer should try to buy things from a seller from their city itself as far as possible to avoid scam. And Payment should be made in hand on receiving the 29

product. One problem common with all of these sites except eBay is Spam. They should allow anonymous posting and make Mobile and Email verification mandatory. Also, posting a picture with a minimum amount of words in the description should be a requirement for publishing product listing.

3. eBay: eBay doesn’t need any introduction as an online marketplace. Treasure is a part of eBay dedicated to selling used items and second-hand things online. Here, Treasure is referred to anything unused at your home which could bring some cash on selling.

For Sellers, you can create a shop inside eBay to list all your items or sell an item as a non-shop subscriber. Minimal insertion fee is charged while listing any item depending upon the category of product.

4. Koove: Koove is an app to buy and sell used goods, or second-hand products in a fun-trusted social platform. They promote trust by ensuring safety, for example, Real User Profiles, Moderated Community, Chat, Social, Comments, etc. Koove is different from usual used goods classifieds platforms like OLX, Quikr, etc. It is a place to reduce wastage and save money in a virtual flea market experience. 30

It’s not just about buying and selling stuff, people can use Koove to browse through products, comment, engage and connect with others with similar interest around used goods exchange. It is a social experience similar to window shopping. KOOVS.COM is an online store for western fashion, catering to menswear, women swear, footwear accessories, jewellery and beauty products. The company is headquartered in Gurgaon, with office in London, and serves to the Indian market. The website stocks Indian and international brands and its own range of clothing and accessories. KOOVS.COM has also collaborated with international designers to create clothing collections.

5. List Up: List Up connects people staying nearby to buy and sell used goods efficiently and safely; for FREE. You can discover the listing of products posted by your neighbors and friends; to shop. Post Ads for all the unused items that you have at home; for selling. You will find Apparels, Books, Bikes, Car Home appliances, Mobile Phones, Musical-instruments, Toys and much more on List Up; except contrabands.

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There is an option to chat and bargain enhances the communication between both buyers and sellers. You can get whatever you are looking for at a lower price than on any pre-loved online platform.

6. Tradly: Tradly is a social marketplace app to buy, sell, donate and swap with your local. Tradly is also the place where people can CONNECT with nearby locals, discover pre-loved items, and trade with them. The unique thing about Tradly is its safe and fun environment with contents driven by the local community who are safe to connect and trade.

The Tradly have commonly searched under the names Tradly, Tradely, Tradly social market, Tradly buy, Trade India and relevant terms such as shop, snap sell and social. Trade books, textbooks, music instruments, Gaming consoles, Gadgets, Sports items, fitness, etc.

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7. Zefo: Zefo, an early stage ecommerce startup committed to giving buyers and sellers an absolute hassle free used goods shopping experience. They have personally experienced the pain of buying and selling a whole bunch of furniture in the last couple of years and decided to do something about it. Quite counter-intuitively, they decided to take all of that pain and load it all on themselves, to ensure that each of you gets the most convenient and Zero Effort experience while trying to buy and sell.

8. Maxdeal: Maxdeal is one of the India’s largest e-commerce marketplaces. Maxdeal provides a platform for vendors across the country to connect with millions of customers. The platform has the widest assortment of products from thousands of national, international and regional brands across diverse categories like Mobiles, Laptops, Cameras, Appliances, Women’s Apparel, Men’s Apparel, Watches, Home & Kitchen, Automotive, Health, Books. Grab your favorite products at best prices and save the one thing that matters most to you i.e. Your Money. Maxdeal has a network of more than 50000 Merchants/Brands, and has over 20 million members and caters to the shopping needs of customers across many towns and cities.

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9. spoyl:With Spoyl you can connect with the top fashion community of India and swap your closets; time to say goodbye to your once precious outfits and say hello to a new wardrobe. Get your worth off those old outfits by selling items that you no longer use from your closet! Being in fashion has never been more profitable or responsible! No more old styles sitting in the back of your closet anymore. Call your BFFs over, uncork a bottle of wine, and start shopping from a curated list of Spoyl-approved styles featuring top brands at up to 80% OFF retail. The experience just gets better with unmissable discounts, access to more fashion blogger’s closets and more exclusive content at Spoylr’s Journal. Buyer should try to buy things from a seller from their city itself as far as possible to avoid scam. And Payment should be made in hand on receiving the product.

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CHAPTER-4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

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COREELATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND USERS OF E-TICKETING SERVICE AGE X

CORRELATION

USERS OF ETICKETING Y

15-20

25

20-25

35

25-45

20

X= AGE Y=USERS OF E-TICKETING\ CORRELATION COEFFICIENT=

Here r= 0.69

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Table 1 Table and figure showing the percentage of respondents who have done online shopping in second hand goods.

criteria

No. of respondents

percentage

Yes

60

75

No

20

25

Figure 1

yes

no

INTERPRETATION: Out of 80 respondents 60 are done the online shopping of second hand goods and only the remaining 20 are not aware and done this. So we can conclude that majority are done online shopping of second hand goods.

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Table 2 Table and figure showing the gender of people who making online purchase of second hand goods Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

Male

60

75

Female

20

25

Figure 2

MALE FEMAIL

INTERPRETATION: Out of 80 online second hand goods users 20 female (25%)are only using online second hand goods purchase and balance people are males i.e. 60(75%).most of online purchase of second hand goods customers males

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Table 3 Table and figure showing age group of respondents who shops online for second hand goods:

Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

15-20

25

31

20-25

35

44

25 and above

20

25

Figure 3

AGE GROUP

ABOVE 25

20-25

15-20 0

10

20

30

40

INTERPRETATION: People who are in age group between 20 -25 make more online purchases than other group of people. It shows that after the age above 25, the second hand goods shoppers’ trend to decrease.

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No .of online

Table 4 Table and figure showing period of second hand goods in online shopping: Category

No .of respondents

percentage

Weekly

11

18.33

Monthly

14

23.33

Yearly

35

58.34

Figure 4 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 WEEKLY

MONTHLY

YEARLY

INTERPRETATION: The most shoppers are making shopping in yearly. The shoppers are less making shopping through online second hand goods of weekly.

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Table 5 Table and figure showing kinds of products through second hand goods in online: Criteria

No .of respondent Percentage

Home appliances

8

13.34

Vehicles

7

11.66

Mobile phones

32

53.34

Books

6

10

Others

7

11.66

Figure 5

BOOKS 10%

OTHERS 9%

HOME APPLIANCES 14% VEHICLES 12%

MOBILE PH 55%

INTERPRETATION: The most of online shoppers are shop mobile phones through internet. 55%of people are use internet to purchase second-hand goods of mobile phone.

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Table 6 Table and figure showing amount spent for second hand goods in online purchasing Criteria

No. of respondent

Percentage

Below 1000

15

25

1000-100000

45

75

Above 100000

0

0

Figure 6

ABOVE100000

1000-100000

45

BELLOW1000

15 0

10

20

30

40

50

INTERPRETATION: Most of second hand goods in online shoppers are (75%) purchase the product for more than Rs 1000-100000.and only 25% second hand goods in online shoppers are making shopping bellow Rs 1000.

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Table 7 Table and figure showing mode payment for second hand goods in online purchasing. Criteria

No. of respondent

Percentage

Cash on delivery

43

71.67

Card payment

17

28.33

E-wallet

0

0

Figure 7 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 CASH ON DELIVARY

CARD PAYMENT

E-WALLET

MODE OF PAYMENT

INTERPRETATION: Majority online shoppers prefer cash on delivery. And 28.33% second hand goods in online shoppers prefer card payment system.

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Table 8 Table and figure showing time for making second hand goods in online purchase Criteria

No. of respondent

Percentage

Less than one hour

49

82

One hour

5

8

More than one hour

6

10

Figure 8 60 50

49

40 30 20 10 6

5 0 <1 HOUR

>1 HOUR

1 HOUR

INTERPRETATION: The most second hand goods in online shoppers are selecting their product within one hour and make decision about it. And only 10% people are select product by using more than one hour. 44

Table 9 Table and figure showing Recommendation of second hand goods in online shopping: Criteria

No. of respondent

percentage

Yes

53

88

No

7

12

Figure 9

60 50 40

30 20 10 0 YES

NO

INTERPRETATION: The most second hand goods in online shoppers are recommended to their relatives and friends to make online purchasing. It means they are satisfied with online purchasing. 45

Table 10 Table and figure showing mostly preferred electronic device used for online shopping of second hand goods Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

Computer

29

48

I-pad

6

10

Mobile phones

25

42

Figure 10

30 25 20 Series1

15 10 5

0 computer

i-pad

mobile phone

INTERPRETATION: The most people preferred electronic device used for online shopping of second hand goods are computer and mobile phone. only 10% people preferred electronic device of i-pad. 46

Table 11 Table and figure showing the originations of idea about online shopping of second hand goods.

Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

Friends

34

57

Relatives

11

18

Self

15

25

Other

0

0

Figure 11 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FRIENDS

RELATIVES

SELF

OTHERS

INTERPRETATION: Most people got the information to use online purchasing through their friends and self. Only 18% people got information relatives.

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Table 12 Table and figure showing the mostly preferred websites by the customers Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

OLX

33

55

Quicker

6

10

Droom

3

5

E- bay

14

23

Others

4

7

Figure12 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 OLX

QUICKER

DROOM

E-BAY.COM

OTHERS

INTERPRETATION: From this chart we can interpret that 55% are mostly preferred OLX and e-bay 23%, 10%are using quicker, 5%are droom and 7% are using others, so OLX and E-bay are most popular websites

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Table 13 Table and figure showing peoples reliability on second hand goods in on line purchase. Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

Very reliable

11

18

Reliable

11

18

Unreliable

38

64

Figure 13

40 35 30 25 20 15

10 5 0 VERY RELIABLE

RELIABLE

UNRELIABLE

INTERPRETATION: This chart shows that 64% are saying this online purchase of second hand goods is not reliable and others are saying it is reliable. So according to this study the online purchase of second hand goods is less reliable.

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Table 14 Table and figure showing mostly preferred type of second hand goods in online shopping Criteria

No. of respondents

Percentage

Online shopping

36

60

Traditional shopping

24

40

Figure 14 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 ONLINE SHOPPING

TREDITIONAL SHOPPING

INTERPRETATION: Majority shoppers prefer of online shopping (60%). and 40% shoppers prefer traditional shopping.

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Table 15 Table and figure showing consideration in feedback Criteria

No. Of respondents

percentage

Yes

15

25

No

45

75

Figure 15

YES NO

INTERPRETATION: This chart shows that considerations of peoples feedback by the online websites. Here only 25% are saying these websites are considering them feedback and 75% are saying not. So majority says that websites are not considering their feedback properly. 51

CHAPTER-5

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

52

FINDINGS

 75% of people are doing online purchase of second hand goods.  75% of males are using online facility for purchasing second hand goods. Only 25% females are doing this  Computers are the mostly traded second hand goods over internet.  57% of people get idea of online shopping and second hand goods from their friends.  Mostly preferred websites by the uses are OLX and secondly E-buy.com.  Commonly used mode of payment is ‘cash on delivery’.  60% still prefer online shopping instead of traditional shopping.  88% recommend this online facility at buying and selling to their friends and relatives.  About 53.34% are using mobile phones for making online purchase.  64% people are agreeing that online websites are unreliable.  75% are saying that the feedback provided by them is not properly considered by the websites.

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SUGGESIONS

 In order to increase the number of users more awareness related advertisements have to be released in this area.  Web security should be ensured enabling a smooth online shopping.

 Online retailers must try to ensure the quality of products provided.  Online retailers should focus on faster delivery of products.

 For ensuring its affordability by the lower income group, reduce the delivery charge as far as possible.

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CONCLUSIONS This research shows that online shopping is having a very bright future in Manjeri area. With use of internet, consumer can shop anywhere, anything and anytime easy and safe payment option, consumer can do comparison shopping between product as well as, online store. This study is mainly focus on the factors from the internet and examines those factors that affect the consumer’s online shopping behaviour. The research focus on the internet shopping of second hand goods (advantages and disadvantages of second hand goods, how to buy and how to sell second goods). The online retailers have to attract customers at the same time and provide right product or services to fit customer needs. From this study I understood that the mobile phones are mostly traded second hand goods over the websites and the commonly used websites in Manjeri locality is OLX for purchase of second hand goods. But I understood that a big percentage of people still have no idea about online shopping of second hand goods. And there is also some frauds faced by the users while doing online shopping. So for the great acceptance by the public, it is necessary to remove these demerits and it is sure that the online purchase of second hand is on its developing stage.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

56

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Abdul-Ghani, e, hyde, k. f., & Marshall, r. (2011).emic and etic interpretations of engagement with a consumer-to-consumer online auction site journal of business research, 64(10), 1060-60  http;//ezineartcle.com/?online-consumer-behaviour  india’s used goods market to cross Rs 150000 crore by 2015: assocham. NDTV.Retrived from htto://profit.ndv.com/news/industries/article-indiasused-goods-market-to cross-rs-1-15-000-crore-by-2015 assocham-37795  IMRB. (2014) consumer research on used goods and selling trends.IMRB AND OLX  Online sales of used goods up 3-fold last year: last year: survey.(2015 February 24). The times of India. Retrieved from http//online-sales-ofused-goods-up-3-fold-last-year-survey/articleshow/46350138.cms  Anderson, S. P., & Ginsburgh, V. A. (1994). Price discrimination via second-hand markets.European Economic Review, 38(1), 23-44.  Gentile, C., Spiller, N., & Noci, G. (2007). How to sustain the customer experience: Anoverview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. European Management Journal, 25(5), 395-410.

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APPENDIX

58

QUESTIONAIRE “A STUDY ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECOND HAND GOODS AMONG THE CUSTOMERS SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJERI LOCALITY”

Dear sir/ madam I am studying B.com course in Priyadarshini Arts & Science College, Melmuri. As a part of curriculum I am required to do a project work. I will be pleased if you could kindly spare few minutes for filling up this questionnaire whatever information provided by you will be kept confidential and used for the purpose of study.

1. Name: 2. Gender:

Male

Female

3. Age:

15-20

20-25

25and above

4. Educational qualification:

Under graduate

graduate

post graduate

5. Which type of shopping is mostly preferred by you? Online shopping

traditional shopping

6. Are you aware about online trading of second hand goods? Yes No 7. Are you courageous to purchase second hand goods over internet Yes No 8. Are you made online purchase of any second hand goods? Yes No

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other

9. How many times you have used this facility in a year? Once

less than 10 times

more than 10 times

10.What kind of product purchased through internet? Home appliance vehicles mobile phones books others 11.From where you got idea about online trading of second hand goods? Friends relatives self other 12. Which of this website are mostly preferred by you? OLX Quicker Droom Others 13.Mention your mode of payment of online purchasing ? Cash on delivery card payment

E-bay.com

E-wallet

14. How frequently you make online purchase of second hand goods ? Weekly monthly yearly 15. How much times you spend for online purchase Less than one hour one hour

more than one hour

16.How much amount did you spend for online purchase? Below 1000 1000-10000

above 100000

17.Which electronic device you are using for making online purchase? Computer I-pad mobile phone 18.Are you satisfied with the online purchase of second hand goods? Satisfied neutral extremely satisfied Dissatisfied 19.How reliable online purchase of second hand goods? Very reliable reliable unreliable 20.Does online website provide the scope for feedback? Yes No

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21. Do you think the feedback receives proper consideration? Yes No 22. Have you experienced any internet fraud? Yes No a) How often to do you experience internet fraud? Always Often Sometimes Never 23. What is the security problem faced in online purchase of Second-Hand Goods? Identity Theft Privacy Problem Guessing password Hacking 24. Have you faced any problem in the delivery of goods purchased? Yes No If Yes, Specify…………………………………………………………

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