Airport Planning And Operations: A Practical Overview

Airport Planning And Operations A Practical Overview By

Engr. Ameer Sajjad Baig General Manager Works (Contracts) CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY HQCAA KARACHI HQCAATel : 0333 – 2202498 Off : (021) 4394329 / 021 4548330 Email : [email protected]

Airport Planning Ó Feasibility F ibilit

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Commercial, Defense, Political. ¾

Sitting board : CAA, PAF (Military), Local administration.

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CAA : ATS, Works, Technical, Commercial & state

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Factors To Be Considered For Siting : ¾ Topography. ¾ Airspace, Ground space. ¾ Approaches. ¾ Land usability/ Availability/ Procurement. ¾ HT lines. ¾ Cut & Fill. ¾ Soil Condition Condition. ¾ Availability of Infrastructure. ¾ Distance from city. ¾ Distance from nearest airport. ¾Metrology ( climate,weather, wind, visibility, etc).

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Finalization Of Site : ¾ Land L d availability, il bilit A Acquisition i iti (G (Govt. t lland d - Private P i t lland). d)

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Planning for Operational Areas : ¾ Runway R L Length th & A Approach. h ¾ Orientation of R/W. g ¾ Terminal Building. ¾ Taxiways & Aprons. ¾ Cargo Terminal. ¾ VIP terminal/ Hajj terminal. ¾ Chartered flight operations, Flying club. ¾ Aircraft maintenance hangers hangers. ¾ Night parking. ¾ Engine run up Bays. ¾ Remote parking.

Cont…(Planning for Operational Areas)

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Parking for under threat Aircraft. TGS area. area Apron management offices. Impounding area. Fire station (RFF). ( ) ATC tower. Radar (ACC) support. Airlines cargo handling. Airlines Apron vehicle handling.

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TERMINAL BUILDING (TB)

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Design criteria

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For No of pax. per annum (say 7.00 M PAX) Type of TB 1 level concept 1 ½ level concept (escalators / stairs / ramp). 2 level concept (bridge) Multi level concept (bridge + escalators). escalators)

Air Craft Parking Position -

Linear concept. Satellite concept. Remote parking concept via bus.

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Meeter Greeters area / concourse area

• CAR PARKING AREA -

Drop in lane. Parking (cars – Vans – Bus – Loading vehicles) Long duration parking. Impound parking. Taxi and rent a car Sh ttle Service Shuttle Ser ice van. an Airport functionaries parking Entry / exists / toll toll.

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Planning For Non Operational Area/ Public Area : ¾ Concourse area. ¾ Car park park. ¾ Offices for Airport functionaries. • CAA • Airlines (Foreign and local). • Airlines and ground handling agencies. • ASF.

• Banks.

• FIA.

• Money changers.

• Customs. Customs

• Duty free shops. shops

• ANF.

• Restaurants/ Refreshments.

• Health.

• Couriers.

• Fuel providing companies (shell, PSO, Caltex etc)

• Cargo agents.

Cont…..(Planning For Non Operational Area/ Public Area)

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Residential Area (Quarters- Mess- Houses). Hotels. Rest houses. Shopping/ Commercial venue. Schools. Mosques.

Airside Facilities :

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Runway (type of heaviest Aircraft-LCN-ACN-PCN ).

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Taxiways.

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Apron.

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PLB (passenger loading bridges).

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Approach light.

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Airfield lighting system.

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Apron flood lights.

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ILS Component – Landing Aids. Aids • Localizer. • Glide slope.

• Landing directional key.

• DVOR – VOR.

• Strobe light.

• DME (distance measuring equipment).

• AGNIS (for parking of Aircraft).

indicator). • PAPI (Precision approach path indicator) • NDB (non directional beacon). • Wind socks.

• Runway Design -

ICAO documents FAA specifications Design manuals Pavement / Aerodrome design. Annexure – 14 (Aerodromes - International Standards and recommended practices)

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Orientation of Runway

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Under shoot area Funnel area. National Airfield clearance policy (NAFC). Cross runways P ll runways Parell

NEW ISLAMABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (NIIA) NIIA Layout Plan

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Airport planning ¾ Radar coverage. ¾ ATC tower. ¾ Follow me. ¾ Fire fighting rescue. ¾ Marshaling. ¾ Refueling of Aircrafts. ¾ GOC (ground operation control) control).

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Roads net work -

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Internal roads Vehicular tracks Approach roads Signals and sign boards.

Storm water drains Water works Utility blocks -HVAC

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Chiller Plants etc.

Stand by power generation system. system Telecommunication network. FIDS ( Flight Information Display System) AFCOM (Airport Facilities Control and Monitoring) Fire Alarm system PA System g gy Signology Master Clock

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY 4 Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority was established in December 1982 through an Ordinance O to provide for f the promotion and regulation of Civil activities, and, to develop p an infrastructure for safe,, efficient,, adequate, q , economical and properly coordinated civil air transport services of Pakistan.

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CAA Pakistan operates and manages 42 airports, which includes 08 international and 34 domestic and feeder service airports. Presently, some airports are non-operative and therefore, have been closed.

The current National Aviation Policy envisages Open Sikes Policy by having agreement on the principle of reciprocity and bilateralism with maximum number of countries. countries For cargo operations, Pakistan allows open skies policy for foreign airlines airlines, while simultaneously trying to convert the unilateral policy into bilateral open skies with major destinations of the world. Private sectors are encouraged to establish all cargo airlines including charter in future. utu e Jinnah Terminal Complex at JIAP Karachi inaugurated in 1992 is an example that shows CAA commitment towards its goals to provide the most modern airport facilities in Pakistan.

4 A new passenger terminal complex at Allama Iqbal International Airport (AIIAP) at Lahore is completed in the year 2002 4 N New IIslamabad l b d IInternational t ti l Ai Airportt ((renamed d as B Benazir i Bh Bhutto tt International Airport Islamabad.) is in the construction phase. p its navigational g facilities by y successfully y 4 CAA has also Improved implementing aeronautical communication & control (AC&C) project. Under AC&C project CAA has installed state of the art Thompson CSF radar and extended range VHF communication network. The existing Radar facilities are further being upgraded with day light display systems and new version computers, to enable integration of ADS/CPDLC work stations. With this up gradation facility the entire air space of Pakistan will be covered under Radar surveillance. 4 All aircraft entering Pakistan airspace will be under positive radar cover and radio range through out its flight over Pakistan.

• RADAR AND NAV NAV-AIDS AIDS FACILITIES The airport has air traffic control surveillance and navigational guidance system which include primary and secondary radar integrated with remote radar stations to ensure safe and efficient flight operation within territorial significant position of air space and air space falling over the high seas. ; Details are as under;RADAR Primary Surveillance Radar Radar……………...Range Range 100 NM Secondary Surveillance Radar…………...Range 200 NM

NAV-AIDS ILS TDME VOR DME NDBs

CAT II Equipts Co-Located with ILS Co-Located with VOR JIAP Cape Monze Gharo - Chore

• Traffic Flow / Strategic Location JIAP enjoys strategically advantageous position for air traffic flows operating south of Himalaya and originating from Far-East for Europe and vice verse for examples. ATS routes linking Hong Kong and Paris branch off over Pakistan airspace. Aircraft originating from Hong Kong and making technical landing at JIAP carrying optimum payload has option on departure for Paris to proceed via Iran and Turkey or elect to fly across Afghanistan and Turkmenistan for Europe. JIAP makes a convenient intermediate point for cargo hubs such as Hong King, Taipei in the East and Paris, Brussels in the West.

Jinnah International Airport p • General Karachi International Airport was initially built in 1924. It was renamed Quaid-e-Azam International Airport in 1992 and now is Jinnah International Airport. It is the oldest and busiest airport in Pakistan, which p over 3465 acres of land. The airport p is designed g to handle annually y spread eight million passengers, 140,000 tons of cargo and around 18 million meeters and greaters. percent of Pakistan’s Revenue is g generated from Karachi alone. 67 p JIAP is located in the middle to sea ports namely Kemari Port and Port Qasim JIAP serves as an international gateway.

Airport Description The airport consists of number of terminals which are being used as under:T Terminal-1 i l1

i) HQCAA ii) State/ VIP Lounges/Chartered Flights iii) Air Freight Unit (Import), PIA

Terminal-2

i) Air Freight Unit Import, Foreign Carriers

Terminal-3

i) Hajj Operation ii) Air Freight Unit, Immediate Clearance Group (ICG)

Export Cargo Terminal

i) Air Freight Unit (Export) ii) Allied Infrastructure Infrastr ct re

Jinnah Terminal Complex

Main Passengers Terminal

Jinnah Ji hT Terminal i l iis d designed i d on a ttwo llevell conceptt b by FAG F Frankfurt, kf t Germany and Constructed by Sogea, France under Project Management of Bechtel International Inc. USA. It has the maximum handling capacity of 8.2 million pax per annum. At present there are twelve passenger loading bridges connected through two satellites that can be expended up to 32 gates through 4 satellites. As per study carried out by FAG Frankfurt, Germany regarding Pakistan Airports, for each passenger there are 4 visitors to receive / see him off.

The airport also houses wide bodied aircraft maintenance hangers, and residential area area, Regional Met Centre Centre. Police Station Station, PTCL exchanges recreational facilities, large car parking area, medical centre, restaurants etc.

The facilities on the airside include: a) Two parallel runways and associated taxiways equipped with Instrument Landing System (ILS), Aeronautical Group Lights (AGL) and Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) capable to handle aircraft upto Boeing-747-400 and equivalent b) Adequate parking space to accommodate 42 aircrafts of various types with 21 parking stands having hydrant refueling facility. c)

Aircraft Power Supply System (APSS) 400 Hz

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Aircraft Nose-in-Guidance System (AGNIS)

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Twelve Passengers Loading Bridges (PLBs)

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Rescue and Fire Fighting Services to meet ICAO requirements

g) Integrated and Automated co-mounted primary and secondary surveillance radars alongwith remote controlled air ground VHF conversing almost entire airspace of Pakistan for provision of enroute and terminal approach Air Traffic Control Service

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