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Renal Replacement Therapy in Indonesia (Terapi Pengganti Ginjal) Aida Lydia Indonesian Society of Nephrology

• The data presented mainly from Indonesian Renal Registry (IRR) • Data originating from limited Hemodialysis Unit showed that the increasing number of hemodialysis patients overtime. • These data obtained from around 66% of hemodialysis unit ,therefore the numbers might be lower than expected.

The Incidence and Prevalence of CKD

• Based on the 2007 National Health Survey by the Ministry of Health – Indonesia • kidney dysfunction : 3.8% (CKD-EPI)

• The representative data in urban and semiurban area, based on screen in 12,000 subjects in 4 areas done in 2009, the prevalence of CKD was found in 12.5 percent.

• Based on current data it is estimate that the prevalence rate of End Stage Kidney Disease around 350 pmp.

National Health Survey by MOH, 2007 NEPHROLOGY 2009; 14, 669–674 Estimated from Indonesian Renal Registry 2016

JKN 2016: Rp 14,692,565,337,776 Keterangan

Biaya

%

Jantung

7,485,237,075,116

50,95

Gagal Ginjal

2,592,395,852,865

17,64

Kanker

2,305,497,008,292

15,69

Stroke

1,288,346,425,895

8,77

Thalassemia

485,193,469,170

3,30

Sirosis Hati

232,958,709,189

1,59

Leukemia

183,295,888,586

1,25

Hemofilia

119,640,908,663

0,81

Causes of CKD (Presumptive Diagnosis)

Percentage

Hypertension

36

Diabetic Kidney Disease

29

Glomerulonephritis

12.1

Others-Unknown

8.8

Chronic Pyelonephritis

6.8

Obstructive Uropathy

4.3

Urate Nephropathy

1.4

Polycystic kidney

1

Lupus nephritis

0.5

IRR 2017 655 HD Unit Data reported: 66%

Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage

GFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

Description

1

> 90

Normal or increased GFR, with other evidence of kidney damage

2

60–89

Slight decrease in GFR, with other evidence of kidney damage

3a

45–59

3b

30–44

Moderate decrease in GFR, with or without other evidence of kidney damage

4

15–29

Severe decrease in GFR, with or without other evidence of kidney damage

5

< 15

Established renal failure

Diagnosis should be on the basis of evidence of CKD for ≥ 3 months

Renal Replacement Therapy (Terapi Pengganti Ginjal)

Integrated Kidney Care Kidney Transplantation Peritoneal Dialysis Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

Hemodialysis (HD)

90000 80000 70000

2016

60000

2017

50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Pasien Baru 4977 5392 8193 9649 15353 19621 15128 17193 21050 25446 30831 Pasien Aktif 1885 6543 8603 11484 17259 22140 21759 21165 30554 52835 77892

2017: + 25057 patients 39 % new patients

655 HD Unit

IRR 2017

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) • Some reasons why PD was slowly growing: • • • •

Late referral Lack of dedicated nurse for CAPD Lack of nephrologist Lack of health care worker incentive

CAPD • HTA: lower cost of CAPD compare to HD • Need more CAPD especially in remote area • Kemenkes: Pilot Project CAPD in west Java • Future expectation: • Hemodialysis: 50% • CAPD: 30% • Transplantation: 20%

Number of Kidney Transplantation 2001-2017: 595 patients

140

125 115

120

Living donor

Jumlah Pasien

100

118

85

80 57

60

47

Limited kidney donor

40 20 2

0

1

3

4

6

1

3

4

10

14

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Tahun

Indonesian Transplant registry

Permasalahan Dalam Pelayanan Pasien: Pre-dialisis: Pasien sering datang dalam keadaan terlambat, sistem rujukan belum baik. • Pre-dialysis care kurang baik: • • • • • • • • •

Komplikasi penyakit ginjal kronik sudah terjadi sebelum pasien perlu dialisis Anemia: terapi erythropoietin pre-dialisis tidak dicover Terapi penyakit dasar: hipertensi, DM, dll Gangguan mineral dan tulang: terapi phosphate binder Pemeriksaan penunjang Hemodialisis emergensi Pemasangan kateter dialysis Mempengaruhi outcome Biaya meningkat

TARIF HEMODIALISIS PMK No.64 ttg Tarif JKN pengganti PMK 52 kode : N-3-15-0 RS PEMERINTAH

RS SWASTA

TIPE A

982.400

1.043.900

TIPE B

879.100

931.400

TIPE C

786.200

833.000

TIPE D

702.600

746.600

Tanpa keuntungan RS: Rp 934,134 Belum obat dan pemeriksaan penunjang

Permasalahan Dalam Pelayanan Pasien: Dialisis: • Penatalaksanaan pasien tidak optimal (sub-standar), karena paket tarif tidak cukup: • Hanya cuckup untuk tindakan dialisis (alat kesehatan) • Pemeriksaan penunjang: laboratorium, radiologi, pemeriksaan jantung (EKG, Echocardiography, sesuai kebutuhan) tidak cukup tersedia. • Obat obatan: Penyakit dasar, ko-morbid, komplikasi (anemia, gangguan mineral dan tulang, perawatan jantung) terbatas

• Bila pasien HD ada penyakit lain, stroke, infeksi, dll  biaya HD selama perawatan tidak dicover. • Pasien HD daftar ulang setiap 3 bulan

Peran Asosiasi Profesi dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Dialisis • Perlu data  Membuat Indonesian renal Registry (IRR) • Jumlah nephrologist kurang: • Melatih Spesialis Penyakit Dalam, dokter umum • Kendali mutu: Supervisor HD- Dokter Penanggung Jawab – Dokter Pelaksana HD • Visitasi kelayakan Unit HD baru sebagai syarat pemberian perijinan dari Kemenkes.

• Membuat Pedoman Pelayanan Dialisis(Bersama Kemenkes) , dan Konsensus dialisis • Mendukung program pemerintah (Kemkes): Pilot project CAPD, Penatalaksanaan hepatitis C pada pasien dialysis. • Memberikan masukan kepada Kemkes dan BPJS: usulan tarif, standarisasi dialisis, reklasifikasi InaCBGs, sistem rujukan, dll

Harapan Pernefri Pada Pemerintah • Membuat Renal Registry (bekerjasama dengan Pernefri) yang meliputi penyakit ginjal secara komprehensif. • Meningkatkan kesehatan promotif-preventif dengan melibatkan Pernefri. Pernefri mempunyai Pokja Promotif Preventif. • Membenahi sistem rujukan • Pemerintah pengambil kebijakan turun ke lapangan melihat langsung keadaan di lapangan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang utuh permasalahan di lapangan. • Pemerintah meminta dan mempertimbangkan masukan dari Perhimpunan dalam mengambil kebijakan. • BPJS: Mensosialisasikan kebijakannya kepada semua stake holder, termasuk dokter dan pasien  Buku Pedoman BPJS untuk Dokter  Buku edoman BPJS untuk Pasien update dan sosialisasikan.

Harapan Pernefri Pada Pemerintah

• Merivisi paket tarif yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan standar • Pertimbangkan: cost sharing, kenaikan iyuran BPJS? • Mengusulkan penghapusan/pengurangan pajak untuk alat kesehatan dan obat-obatan.

Thank You

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