Advocacy Training Manual In Khmer

karts‘Umti esovePAbNþúHbNaþlviFIsaRsþ ts‘UmtisMrab;km<úCa

eroberogeday Ana Maria O. Clamor

matikar CMBUk 1 ³ skmµPaBENnaM kriténesckþIsgÇwmTuk karENnaMcMeBaHRTwséIþ nkarts‘mU ti BaküCab;Tak;Tin karRsaybMPøWkarts‘Umti karts‘Umti nigkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ kñúgbribTEdleyIgkMBugeFVIkargar “eTApSar”—CaEl,génkarviPaKsgÁmneya)ay nigesdækic©

CMBUk 2 ³ RbFanbTkñúgemeron niymn½ykarts‘Umti niymn½yénkarts‘UmtiCaPasaExµr karts‘mU ti Tl;ngi karbBa©Hú bBa©lÚ karGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ nigkarts‘Umti viFIsaRsþkarts‘Umti ktaþeFVIeGaykarts‘UmtiRbRBwtþieTA)an cMnucsMxan;²énkarts‘Umti ryHeBlénkarts‘Umti ktaþsMrab;yuT§nakareCaKCy½ dMeNIrkarts‘Umti nigyuT§saRsþkarGPivDÆn¾

1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 9 9 10 11 11 19 19 20 21 21 24

CMBUk 3 ³ RbFanbTBieses karts‘UmtieKalneya)ay eFVIEpnTIneya)ay karvas;EvgeCaKC½yxageKalneya)ay dMeNIrkic©RbCMueGaymanRbsiT§iPaB kareRbI]bkrN¾pSBVpSaysMrab;karts‘Umti etIdMNwgCaGVI ?

CMBUk 4 ³

karerobcMsMrab;karts‘Umti

kareRCIserIs nigkaeviPaKbBaað taragsMNaj; EmkFagénbBaað

niymn½yéncMeNaT nigkareFVIKMeragbBaað karkMNt;eKaledA nigkareFVIEpnkar karviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ SWOT karbegáItKMeragkardMbUgsMrab;karts‘Umti

29 29 30 33 38 48 55 60 60 64 65 67 69 70 72

³

76

Élsareyag

79

CMBUk 5

karvaytMélsikaçsalakarts‘Umti sMNYrTUeTA sMmM nç N ½ rY lMGit

76 78

CMBUk

1

skmµPaBENnaM karcab;epþImsikçasalaedayRtwmRtUv kMriténesckþIsgmÇwmTuk sikçakamxø³GacnUvmanKMnitepSg²GMBIeKalbMNgénsikçasala eTaHbICaeyIg)aneFIVkar)an;RbmaNeTAelI esckþIRtUvkarénvKÁbNþúHbNþalTukmunk_eday . vaCakarl¥Nas; EdleyIgRtUvsYrsikçakamfaGVIEdlCa esckþIsgÇwmTukrbs;BYkeKEdlnigTTYl)anBIsikçasalaenH edIm,IecosvagnUkaryl;RcT,M nigeqøIytb eTAnigesckIþsgÇwmTukminRtwmRtUvenaH . karsYrenHnigbgðaj[eyIgdwg RbsinebItRmUv[mankarEksMrYl nUvEpnkarEdl)anerobcMTuk.

dMeNIrkar 1¦ xageRkammankarERbRbYlCaeRcInEdlGaRs½yedaysaeBlevlasmRsb : sYrsMNYrENnaMTaMgT,ayxageRkam eTAsikçakamedaypÞal; ehIysresrcemøIyTaMgenaHenAelIkþar exon b¤elIRkdaspÞaMgFM . eFIVkarEbgEck sikçakamCaKUr² b¤RkumtUc² ehIy[RkumTaMgenaHsresrcemIøyénsMNUrENnaM xageRkam enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM ehIyraykarN_CUnRkumFM . esIñr[sikçakamsresrnUvsMNUrENnaMxageRkamenAelIRkdastUc²EdlmanB’NepSg²Kña ehIyRkdastUc²ebHnigRtUvbiTelIkþaexonedIm,I[sikçakamTaMgGs;)aneXIj . 2¦ sMeyaKnUvcemøIyTaMgGs; ehIyepÞogpÞat;kñúgcMeNamesckþIsgÇwmTaMgT,ayfamYyNaGacbkRsay nig mYyNaEdlminGacbkRsayedaysikçasalaenH . 3¦ bgðajeKalbMNg nigkmµviFIrbs;sikçasala . 4¦ kMNt;CamYysikçakamnUvvin½yb¤bTbBa¢asMrab;sikçasala . 1

sMNYrENrnaM 1¦ etIGVIEdlGñksgÇwmfanigTTYl)anBIsikçasalaenH

?

sMNUrbEnßm :

2¦ etIGñkKitya:gdUcemþc edIm,I[sikçasalaenHTTYl)aneCaKC½y? 3¦ etIGñkGaccUlrYmviPaKTanGVIxøH edIm,I[sikçasalaenHeCaKC½y?

karENnaMnUvRTwsþIénkartsU‘mti vIFIsaRsþRbhak;RbEhlkñúgkarENnaMsikçakamnUvRTwsþInigGtßn½yCak;Esþgénkarts‘Umti EdlGaRs½y edaybTBiesaFn_ karyl;eXIj nigcMeNHviC¢a ehIynigeBlevlasmRsb . xageRkamenH man meFüa)aysmRsbR)aM : I.

BaküCab;Tak;Tin

dMeNIrkar 1¦ sYrsikçkamedaypÞal;nUvsMNYr etIGñkKitya;gdUcemþcenAeBalGñk)anB¤Bakü " karts‘Umti"? enHCaviFIsaRsþgayRsYledIm,IENnaMnUvRTwsþIénkarts‘Umti . vak_bBa©k;pgEdrnUvkMrityl;dwg nigcMeNHviC©a rbs;sikçakameTAelIkarts‘Umti . 2¦ pþúMcemøIyTaMgGs;eTACacMNgeCIgFM² (]TahrN_ vIFIsaRsþénkarts‘Umti eKaledA nig eKalbMNgmuxsBaØa énkarts‘Umti .l. Bnül;nUvRTwsIþénkarts‘UmtiedayeFIVsnÞrkfasegçb ¬eyageTAnig RbFanbTsnÞrkfa enAkñúgCMBUk 2 ¦ . II.

karRsaybMPøW énkarts‘Umti

dMeNIrkar 1¦ [sikçakamcab;KUrKña ehIysYreTAédKUrrbs;eKRKb;²KñaedIm,Ipaø s;brÚþ bTBiesaFn_paÞ l;xnÜø enAeBlEdl BYkeKGacnaMmknUvkarpøas;bþÚr . 2

etIkarpøas;bþÚrRbePTNaEdl´)anb:geFIV[sMerc ? etI´)aneFIVGIVxø³edIm,IsMercnUvkarpøas;bþÚrenH? etIlT§plGIVEdlsMerc)an? 2¦

TTUl)ancemøIysakl,gBIGñkcUlrYm edIm,Ipþl;KMnitdl;sikçakamyl;fakarb;HBal;dl;karpøas;bþÚr KWCaGIVEdleyIgTaMgGs;KñaGaceFIV_)an ehIysresrcemøIyenAelIkþaexon .

3¦ EbgEcksikçkameTACaRkumtUc² edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrbTBIesaFn_CMnajb¤GgÁkar EdleFIV[b:HBal;dl;karpøas;bþÚr . eyageTAsMNYrENnaMenATMB½rbnÞab; . 4¦ esIñ[RkumnimYy² sresrnUvcemøIyrbs;BYkeKenAelIRkdas;pÞaMgFM ehIyraykarN_ CYneTARkumFM . 5¦ sMeyaKnUvcemøIyTaMgenaH ehiyGtßaFi)ayeTAnigGtßn½yénkarts‘Umti (eyageTAnigRbFanbT snÞrkfa enaCMBYk 2 ) .

sMNYrENnaM 1¦ etIkarpøs;bþÚrGIVxø³EdlGñk)anb:g[ekIteT,Ig? ¬karpøas;bþÚreKalbMNg¦ 2¦ etIGñk)aneFIVGIVxø³edIm,I[sMerceKalbMNg? ¬yuT§saRsþepSg¦ 3¦ etI)anlT§plGIVxø³? 4¦ etIktþaGIVxø³EdlCYy[sMercnUveKalbMNgrbs;Gñk ehIyktþaGIVxø³EdlminCYy eFIV[sMerc? III.

karts‘Umti nig karGPivDÆn_snKmn_

dMeNIrkar PaKeRcInénCnCatikm<úCaEdleFIVkarCamYyGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al dwgc,as;GMBIkargarGPivDÆn_shKmn¾ . dUcenHeFVIkareRbobeFobkarGPivDÆn_shKmn_CamYykarts‘Umti KWCaviFIsaRsþsmRsbmYyedIm,IENnaMnUv eKalKMnitdl;RbePTsikçakamEbbenH . vacab;epþImdl;cMNucmYyEdleyagfaBYk eKGacgay RsUlyl; . CMerIsTI 1 1¦ pþl;snÞrkfa sþIBIkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾Fmµta nigkarts‘Umti; ¬eyagelIkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn_ nigkarts‘U mtienAkñúgCMBUk2 TMB½r 12-18¦ . 3

2¦ Bnül;edayeRbIrUbPaBbgðajnUvcMnucrbs;eyIgedayelIkeLIgnUvPaBpÞúyKñarvag nigkarts‘Umti ¬eyageTAelITMB½r 13¦ .

karGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾

CMerIsTI2 1¦ EbgEcksikçakameTACaRkumtUc² . EbgEckBYkeKedayGgÁkar b¤eRCIserIsedayécdnü 2¦ esñIr[BYkeKBiPakSanUvsMnYrENnaMxageRkam rYcsresrcMelIyTaMgGs;enAelIpÞaMgRkdaspÞaMgFM ehIybnÞab; mkraykarN¾CUnTARkumFM . 3¦ sMeyaKnUvcemøIyTaMgGs;ehIyeFVIsnÞrkfaelI karGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ nigkarts‘Umti ¬eyageTAelIkar GPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ nig karts‘Umti enAkñúgCMBUk 2 TMB½r 12-18¦

sMnYrENnaM 1¦ etIbBaðaCak;lak;GVIxøHEdlGgÁkarrbs;Gñk)aneFVIkar edIm,IedaHRsay ? 2¦ etIskmµPaBGVIxøH EdlGñk)anykmkedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH ?

IV.

kñgú bribTEdleyIgkMBugeFVIkargar

dMeNIrkar viFIsaRsþenH eFVI[sikçakamcab;yknUvTsSn³sgÁmTUlMTUlay ehIynigkMNt;kargarrbs;BYkeKenAkñúg bribTenH . skmµPaBenHKWRbhak;RbEhlpgEdr sMrab;CnCatikm<úCaEdleFVIkarkñúgGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al b¤RksYgnanarbs;rdæaPi)al . 1¦ EbgEcksikçakameTACaRkumtUc² . BYkeKGacEcktamGgÁkar b¤edaycRmúH . 2¦ eGayBYkeKBiPakSanUvsMnYrENnaMxageRkam rYcsresrnUvcMelIyrbs;BYkeKelIRkdaspÞaMgFM ehIyraykarN¾ CUnRkumFM . 3¦ eFVIkarsMeyaKnUvcMelIyTaMgGs; edaysgát;F¶n;eTAelIbribTTUlMTUlayenAkñúgkargarrbs;BYkeKkMBugeFVI . 4¦ eFVIsnÞrkfasþIBIkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾Fmµta nigkarts‘Umti ¬eyageTAelIkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ nigkar tsU‘mtikñúgCMBUk 2 TMB½r 12-18¦ 4

sMnYrENnaM 1¦ GtßaFib,ayGMBIbriyakassgÁm vb,Fm’ esdækic© neya)ay enAkñúgRbeTsrbs;BYkeKedaypþl;Bt’man RbvtiþsaRsþRbhak;RbEhl . 2¦ etIbBaðaGVICak;lak; EdlGgÁkarrbs;GñkedaHRsay ? 3¦ etIskmµPaBGVIxøHEdlGñkykmkedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenaH ? V.

:eTApSar : KWCaEl,gmYyénkarviPaKeTAelI sgÁmneya)ay nig esdækic© El,genHCaskmµPaBcab;epþImeTArkkarts‘Umti . emeronenHGacCaRbPBd¾sMxan;énkaryl;dwg enAelI bBaðaénkarGPivDÆn¾CaTUeTA nigbBaðaekIteLIgbc©bú ,nñenHEdlkMBugb:HBal;dl;sgÁm . skµPaBenHeFICV a GMNacmYyya:gsVahab;kgúñ cMeNamvNѳsgÁm ehIyeFI[V sikaç kamBiesaFn_kgúñ kargarnUvGsmPaBEdl ekItmankñgú sgÁm . éncMnYnsikçakam sac;eKa

-

10 eTA 15 bN½Ñ

dak;bN½ÑTaMgenHedaycab;cMruH eTAkñúgeRsamsMbuRt .

dMeNIrkar 1¦ muneBlcab;epþImelg EckeRsamsMbuRtEdlmankatplitpldl;sikçakam . cUrbBa¢ak;faeRsamsMbuRt TaMgGs;KwEckedaycMruH b¤Rcbl;Kña . 2¦ esñIreGaysikçakamebIkeRsamsMbuRtTaMgenaH ehIyBinitüemIlkatplitplEdlBYkeK)anTTYl . kat plitplnImYy² nwgmantMélKitCacMnYnBinÞú . eck

-

5BinÞú

bEnø

-

10BinÞú

RtI

-

15BinÞú

man;

-

25BinÞú

sac;RCUk

-

35BinÞú 5

sac;eKa

-

75BinÞú

esñIr[sikçakammñak;² KNnacMnYnBinÞúEdlTTYl)an edayEp¥keTAelIkatplitplEdlTTYl)anenA kñúeRsamsMbuRt . RbsinebIsikçakamTTYl)ankatbI b¤eRcInEdlmanRbePTdUcKña sikçakmenaHnwgRtUv)an bEnßmnUvBinÞúdUcxageRkam³ 3 RbePTdUcKña - bEnßm 5 BinÞú 4 RbePTdUcKña - bEnßm 10 BinÞú 5 RbePTdUcKña - bEnßm 15 BinúÞ 6 RbePTdUcKña - bEnßm 25 BinÞú enAelIkþaexoncHueQaµHsikçakamCamYynwgBinÞúEdlBYkeKTTYl)an . erobBYkeKeTAtamlMdab; BinÞúEdleK )anTTYl ehIyEckBYkeKeTACabIRkumtUc²eTot . sikçakamBI 3-5nak;Edl)anTTYlBinÞúx<s; RtUvdak;cUl eTAkñúgGnuRkumTImYy KWGñkTIRkug . bnÞab;mksikçakamBI 5-8nak; nigdak;cUleTAGnuRkumTIBIrKW GñkCnbT . ehIysikçakamEdlenAesssl; nigbegáItGnuRkumTIbIKW GñkRsukelI . GnuRkumTaMgbIenHRtUvEtGgÁúy EckKñaeGaydac;enARCugepSg²énbnÞb;sikçasala . 3¦ kalNaRkumTaMgbIRtUv)anbegáIt RbkasfaeKalbMNgénEl,genHKW edIm,IbUksrubnUvBinÞúEdlTTYl)anx<s; CageK . vanwgmanvKÁCMnYjenAeBlEdlsikçakamGacTTYl»kassrubBinÞú)aneRcInCageK . vKÁenHnwgeFVI eLIgnUveRkamviFandUcxageRkam ³ a)

b)

c)

d)

e) f)

emeronCMnYjnImYy²nwgeFVIeLIgEtBI 3-5 naTIb:ueNÑaH . emeronCMnajenHcab;epþImenAeBlEdl GñksRmbsRmYlERskfaeTApSar (“Let’s go to the market”) sikçakammñak;² RtUvrkSarTukkatCMnYjrbs;eKedaysm¶at; ehIyminRtUvebIkbgðajnUv matika xagkñúg[sikçakamepSgdwgeT . RbsinwbIsikçkamNacg;eFIVkarCYjdUr Kat;RtUvRbkasfakatRbePTNaEdlKat;RtUveGCICMnYjCa mYYkatEbbRbeePTNa . kalNasikçakamNaEdlrkeXIjédKUrEdlcg;eFIVCMnYjCamYyeKehIy BYkeKRtUvRbTak;édKña dIm,ICasBaØafaeKnigpøas;bþÚrkatKña . RbsinebIsikçakamNamincg;eFIVkarCYjdUrkateT Kat;RtUveFIVsBaØabgðajedayeGabéd . . kalNaGñksRmbsRmYlRbkasfaGs;eBlehIyenaH sikçakamTaMgGs;RtUvbBaÄb;ral;skmµ PaBCYjdUr ebImindUecñaHnigRtUvribGUsykkat . 6

4¦ enAcugbBa¢ab;énvKÁCMnYjenH sikçakammñak;²KNnanUvcMnYnBinÞúEdl)anpøas;bþÚr ehIyEbgEckBYkeKeTACa RkumtUc²eToteTAtamcMnYnbinÞúEdlBYkeKTTYl)an . bnÞab;BivKÁnimYy²katsac;eKacMnYnbIRtUvEckeTA[Rkum GñkTIRkug CargVan;sMrab;karsMEdgl¥ . GaceFIVvKÁCMnYjenHbEnßmBIrb¤bIdgeTot ehIyKNnacMnYnBinÞúsarCafI bnÞab;BIvKÁnimYy² . 5¦ RbkaseTARkumGñkTIRkug fa\T,ÚvGacbEnßm dkecj b¤k_ EksRmYlnUvc,ab;énkareFIVCMnYjenH tamEteKcg;)an .

6¦ cUr[RkumGñkTIRkug dwknaMvKÁCMnYjenHmYyb¤BIrdgCamYynigc,ab;fµIEdl)anEk bnÞab;mkbBa©b;El,genH .

sMNYrENnaM 1¦ etIGñkmanGarmµN_ya:gdUcemþckñúgeBlelgEl,genaH? 2¦ etIGñkmankaryl;dwgya:gdUcemþcTak;TgeTAnigkarelgEk,gdUcxageRkam karpþÜcepþIménkarEbgEckkat plitplTaMgenH c,ab;eFIVénkareFIVCMnYjnigkareFIVCMnYjkatedayCak;Esþg karEbgEcksikçakameTACaGnuRkumepSg² kareFIVkarsMerccitþkñúgeBlelgEl,g 3¦ etIGñkGacrkeXIjGIVxø³EdlRbhak;RbEhlenAkñúgEl,g nigkñúgsgÁmkm<úCaTak;TgeTAnig bBaðaxageRkam karEbgEckTMnjrvagTMnij nigesvakmµ karEbgEckvNѳrbs;RbCaCneTAeday esdækic©asgÁm karsMerccitenAkñúgsgÁm

7

CMBUk

2

emeron Bt’manCamUldæansMrab;sikçakam emeronsegçbTaMgenHCaCMnYyedIm,IbegáInnUvbTBiesaFn_dl;sikçakam nigbMeBjbEnßmnUvcMeNHviC¢a nigkar yl;dwgEdlBYkeKmanRsab; .

niymn½yénkarts‘Umti kalBImunBaküGat;v:Uext "advocate" KWsMedAeTAelIGñkEdlkarBarGñkdéT CaBiessKWemFavIEdlkarBar kUnkþIenAmuxtulakar . karts‘UmtiKWminRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;TYlMTUlayeTenAkñúpøÚvc,ab; . bc©úbn,nñenHdUc EdleyIg)andwgGat;v:Uext RtUv)aneKehAfaskmµCnEdlCamnusSTTYlb¤KaMRT ya:gskmµnUvskmµPaB epSg² sMrab;buBVehtuneya)ay . EteTaHCaya:gNak_eday Gtßn½yénkats‘UmtikMBugEtvivDÆn_ nigrYm bBa©ÚlPaBCaskmµCnpg . xageRkamenHKWCaniymn½ymYycMnYnénkarts‘Umti : 8

karts‘UmtiKWCadMeNIrkarEdleFIV[man\Ti§BleTAelIkarsMerccitþ (Oxfam America). karts‘UmtiKWeFIVkargarCamYyRbCaCn nigGgÁkarnana edIm,IeFIV[manPaBxusKña (CEDPA, 1995). karts‘UmtirYmmanskmµPaBnanaEdl)aneRKagTuk edIm,ITak;TajGarmµN_rbs;shKmn_ eTAnwg cMeNaTnig Qaneq
kñúgeKalbMngbegIán\T§iBlkñúgkareFVIkarsMerccitþ

niymn½yénkarts‘UmtiCaPasaExµr enAéf¶TI 19 ]sPa 1998 smaCikrbs; evTikarénGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alsIþBIkm<úCa )aneFIVkar CYbRbCMuKñaedIm,IBIPakSa rkPasaExµrRbhak;RbEhl ykmkbkERbBakü, "advocacy." xageRkamenHKWCaesckþIdkRsg;BIkarRbCMu ³ KµanBaküExµrNamYyEdlGacBnül;Gtßn½yeBjeljnUvGtßn½yénBaküGg;eKøs “advocacy.”)aneT . eKEtgEtbk ERbedaygayfa KaMRT (“support”), karbkERbenHeFIV[mankarcab;GarmµN_xusebIeRbob eFobnwgeKalbMNgrbs; NGO Forum ehIynigbegIáteGaymankarPn½þRcT,M . dUcenHeyIgKYrEt BiPakSa TaMgGs;Kña edIm,IrkBaküsmRsbmYy . mankarbkERbR)aMya:g EdleBlxø³RtUv)aneKykmk eRbIR)as; 1. kaa chor-chaa nung tor-waa karcrcar nig tv:a 2. 3. 4. 5.

meaning “negotiation and protest” kaa koem-tror mete meaning “supporting an idea” kaa teq-terng mete meaning “drawing attention to an idea” kaa tor-soo mete meaning “struggling for an idea” kaapie mete meaning “defending an idea”

karKa¿RTmti karTak;Tajmti kartsÚ‘mti karBarmti

manniymn½yepSg²énkarts‘Umti . karts‘UmtirYmmannUvyuT§saRsþepSg²Edlman\T§iBleTAelIkMrit mUldæan 9 extþ Cati nigkMritGnþr³Cati . karts‘UmtiKWCaskmµPaBEdlRtUveFIVedayepþateTAelIKMniténbBaða Cak;lak; edIm,Iman\T§iBleTA elIGñkeFIVkarsMerccitþ b¤GñkeFIVc,ab;edIm,ITTYl)anlT§pl smRsbmYy . karts‘UmtiKWCakarniyaycMeBaHmux saFarN³edIm,IkarBarGIVmYy b¤cg;)anGIVmYy b¤KaMRT plRbeyaCn_ edaycUlrYmnUvclna .

karts‘Umti Tl;nig karbBa©úHbBa©Úl karts‘Umti nigkarbBa©úHbBa©Úl eBlxøHKWGaceRbICMnYsKña)an . karbBa©úHbBa©ÚleTaHCay:agNak¾edayKWCa TMrg;Cak;lak;mYyénkarts‘Umti. karbBa©úHbBa©ÚlKWCakarCak;EsþgkñúgeKalbMNgedIm,Iman\T§iBleTAelI c,ab;. karts‘UmtiKWCaBaküTUlMTUlayEdleyageTAnwgkarGnuvtþn¾sMrab;eGayman\T§iBleTAelIkarsMerc citþ. enAshrdæGaemrik karbBa©úHbBa©ÚlKWRtUv)aneKsMEdgedayPñak;garEdlehAfa GñkbBa©úHbBa©Úl . GñkbBa©Hú bBa©lÚ TaMgenaH Carbs;RkummYyEdlmankarcab;GarmµN¾Cak;lak; EdlRtUv)aneKdwgfaCakar bBa©Hú bBa©lÚ . GñkbBa©Hú bBa©lÚ GacesñrI sMeu )aHeqñatKaMRT b¤ RbqaMgkartak;Etgc,ab;EdlminTan;seM rc . BakübBa©úHbBa©Úl KWRtUv)aneKdkRsg;mkBI viFIsaRsþEdlPñak;garTaMgenH)anRbQmmux nigGñktak;Etg c,ab;kñúgkEnøgTTYlePJov b¤ kñúgbnÞb;TUlMTUlayedaypÞal;enAeRkamGñktak;Etgc,ab;enAsPa . BYkeK)an sñak;enAkñúgkEnøgTTYlePJovén GgÁnitibBaØtþiedIm,ICYbGñkeFVIc,ab;TaMgenaH .

karGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ nig karts‘Umti karts‘UmtiKWCa EpñkmYyénkargarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ BIeRBaHkarpþl;GMnac[RbCaCn nigkarGPivDÆn¾ FnFanmnusS KWCaeKalbMngcugeRkayénkarGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday karGPivDÆn¾ shKmn¾CaTUeTA )anGnuvtþn¾Cak;EsþgenAkm<úCaKW EtgEtminbBa©Úlkarts‘UmtiCamYyeT . sßanPaBenH KWkMBugEtpøas;bþÚreRcIneLIg² EdlGgÁkarkñúgRsukTTYlsÁal;nUvtYnaTId¾sMxan;rbs;eK kñúgkareFVIkarts‘Umti . 10

tarageRbobeFobxageRkambgðajnUvPaBdUcKña ¬cMnucelx !¦ nigPaBxusKña rvagKMeragGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ Fmµta nigkarts‘Umti ¬cMnucelx @ nigelx #¦ . KMeragGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾Fmµta ! rel="nofollow"> eFVIkaredIm,IGPivDÆn¾ @> GñkTTYlpl

karts‘Umti !> eFVIkaredIm,IGPivDÆn_ @> muxsBaØats‘Umti

#> lkçN³énGñkTTYlpl³ CaTUeTAEtgEt man siT§i GMnac \T§iBl b¤manFnFantictYcCag GñkGnuvtþn¾ CD . GñkTTYlplEtgEtCaGñk shKmn¾mUldæan b¤ RkumEdlTn;exSay .

#> lkçN³énmuxsBaØats‘Umti³ EtgEtman GMnac siT§i \Ti§Bl b¤FnFan eRcInCaGñkeFVIkargar ts‘Umti . Kat;GacsMerccitþeTAelIcMeNaT¼bBaða ts‘Umti EdleKeFVIkarGMBI . muxsBaØakarts‘Umti EtgEtmkBIrdæaPi)al¼rdæ BIeRBaHBYkeKsnµt;faCa tYnaTIénsiT§iGMnac nig CaGñkeFVIeKalneya)ay .

enAkñúgkarGnuvtþn¾KMerag CD; KµanRtUvkarGMBavnav b¤sMuTamTarBIGñkNamñak;EdlEtgEtx<s;Cag nigkñúg zan³x<s;edIm,IsMerccitþenAelImUlehturbs;eyIg . muxsBaØats‘UmtiKWCaGñkEkkñúgzan³ edIm,IsMerccitþeTAelIbuBVehtu eKaledA b¤eKalbMng EdlKaMRTkargar EdleKeFVI . BYkeKEtgEtCaGñkraCkar¼rdæ . karcg¥úlbgðajxageRkamenH nig bBa¢ak;c,as;nUvkarEbgEckKñarvag karGPivDÆn¾shKmn_ nigkarts‘Umti .

muxsBaØats‘Umti GñkeFVIkarts‘Um11ti b¤ GñkeFVI karxagGPivDÆn¾shKmn¾ RbCaCnmUldæan

RKb;²KñaGacCaGñkts‘Umti dUcCaGñkeFVIkar NGO GñkPUmi b¤k¾mkBI rdæaPi)al¼rdæ drabNaKat;man mUlehtuc,as;las; . NGOs GaceFVIkarts‘UmtieTAelImUlehtunanaEdleKman . BYkeKk¾GaceFVIikarts‘UmtikñúgnamCa GñkmUldæan b¤CaédKUCamYyGñkmUldæan .

muxsBaØats‘Umti RbCaCnmUldæan

NGO

GñkmUldæanGaceFVIkarts‘UmtikñúgnamxøÜneKpÞal; . BYkeKGacbgðajnUv GMnacxøaMg nigKYr[eCORbsinebIBYk eKRtUv)anerobcM .

muxsBaØats‘Umti RbCaCnmUldæan

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muxsBaØa ts‘Umti GñkmUldæan

]TahrN_ eTaHbICacMeNaT b¤bBaðaEdlGacedaHRsay)anedayviFIsaRsþénkarGPivDÆn_shKmn_Fmµta b¤ karts‘Umti KWvaGaRsy½edaykarpøas;brÚþ eKalbMNgrbs;eyIg . RbsinebIkarpøas;brÚþ eKalbMNgenH)anTTYleCaKC½y edayviFIsaRsþrbs;eyIg ehIyedayKµantRmUvkarGMBavnav b¤tRmUvkarBIGñkeFVIkarsMerccitþEdlBak;Bn§½ enaHRbEhlCaviFIsaRsþénkarGPivDÆn_shKmn_Fmµtarbs;eyIgKWRKb;RKan;ehIy . müa:gvijeTot Rbsin ebIkarpøas;bþÚreKalbMNg caM)ac;edayman\T§iBleTAelIGñkNamñak;EdlGacsMerccitþeTAelI lT§plenaH karts‘UmtiKWCaviFIsaRsþd_RtwmRtUv .

]TahrN_epSg²énkarGPivDÆn_shKmFmµta eFVIkaredIm,Ipøas;bþUr 1.

GñkTTYlpl

cMeNaT¼bBaða: PUmixV³xatTwk CaBiess

enArdUvR)aMg .

eKalbMNg ³ CIkGNþÚgEdleFIV[mansar³ RbeyaCn_ dl; smKmn_TaMgmUl .

13

GñkPUmi

lkçNén GñkTTYl pl GñkPUmiEdlRkIRk nig xV³xatFnFan ./

2..

cMeNaT¼bBaða: RsIþrs;enAkñúgshKmn_ CaBi RsIþRkIRk minecHGkSr RsþICaGñkEdlenAkñúgcM

essRsIþemma:y nig GñkEdlElgl³Kña minGac nigKµankargareFVI eNam rkRbPBepSg² sMrab;CIvPaBrs;enA BIeRBaHBYkeK enAkñúgshKmn_ . GñkTn;exSayCageK enAkñúgshKmn_ xV³xatdMeNHdwg nig CMnaj . BieRBaHbYkeKRkIRk nig eKalbMNg: pþl;dl;RsþInUvcMeNHdwgxag sresr KµanGMNac . KitKUrelxEdlGaceFIVkargar)an nig CMnajkñúgkar rkR)ak;cMNUl . 3. . cMeNaT¼bBaða: GñkPUmikMBugTTYlrgeRKaH GñkPUmiEdlmanCm¶W GñkPUmiTaMgenH GMBIbBðasuxPaBePSg² . minGac manlT§PaB TijfañMenAeBlEdleK eKalbMNg : edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasuxPaBenA manCm¶W . kñgshKmn_ edaybBa¢ÚnRkumRKUeBTüCMnYyclt½ b¤k_pþl;vKÁbNþúHbNþaleTAelIsuxPaB nigkar RbIR)as;Twks¥at . 4. cMeNaT¼bBaða: ksikrmanplitPaBksikmµ ksikrRkIRk ksikrRkIRkTaMgenH Tab . minmanRbPBFnFan ( dUcCa cMenHviC¢a eKalbMNg: edIm,IbegáInTinñplksikmµ dl;ksikr b¤CMnaj ) edIm,IbegáIn tary³karpþl;nUvvKÁbNþúHbNþal pþl;nUvsMPar³ Tinñplksikmµ . dUcCaCIKImI fñaMsmøab;stVl¥it nig ehdæarcnasm<½n .

GñkGnuvtþ CD GñkTTYlpl

14

]TahrN_epSg²énkarts‘mU ti eFIVkaredIm,Ipøas;bþÚr

muxsBaØa

1. cMeNaT¼bBaða: PUmixV³xatTwk edaysar

RbFanPUmi G³Gagfa GNþÚgEdl)anpþl;[ shKmn_ eday GgÁkarGnþrCati Carbs;pÞal;xøÜn .

eKlbMNg ³ edIm,I[RbFanPUmi p¥akkarG³Gagfa CaGNþÚgpÞal;xøÜn eTACarbs;sXMu ehIyeRbIR)as; rYmenAkñúgshKmn_ .

2.

ts‘Umti RbFanPUmi b¤ RbFanXMu

lkçN³énmuxsBaØa ts‘Umti RbFanPUmiman GMNcCagGñkPUmi . RbFanXMu manGMNacCag RbFanPUmi .

cMeNaT¼bBaða: ]b,tþiehtuénGMeBIhigSa bþIEdlvayRbBnß nig bþIEtgEtman kmøaMg

kñúgRKYsar(RbBn§ nigkUnvayKña) KWx<s;enAkñúgPUmi kUnbs;eK RbFanPUmi nig esdækic© b¤ GaCJaFm’b:UlIs . xaøCM agGñkrgeRKaHEd vayKña . lman . eKalbMNg : lubbM)at; b¤kat;bnßynUvGMeBIhigSa RbFanPUmiman siT§i kñúgRKYsar . GMNac nig \T§iBl kñúgkaredaHRsay CemøaH erobcMsNþab; Fñab; enAkñúgshKmn_ . GaCJaFm’b:UlIs man siT§i GMNac nig \T§iBlkñúgkarGnuvtn_þ c,ab; RbqaMgnigGMeBIhigSakñú gRKYsar.

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3.

cMeNaT¼bBaða: GñkPUmikMBugTTYlrgeRKaH RksYgsuxaPi)al RksYgsuxaPi)alman

GMBIbBðasuxPaBepSg² .

nig¼b¤ sPaCati

eKalbMNg : edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasuxPaBenAkñúg

shKmn_ edaybegáIt KøInic nig esvakmµ enAeBjépÞRbeTs .

siT§iGMNac edIm,Idak; esIñrnUvBRgagc,ab; sIþBIkarbegIát KøInic nig esvakmµsuxPaB enAkñúgeBjRbeTs .

sPaCati man siT§i nigGMNac edIm,I Gnumt½nUvc,ab;TaMgenH . 4. cMeNaT¼bBaða: ksikrmanpliT§PaBksikmµ RksYg ksikmµ RksYgksikmµ nig Tab . RksYgbridæan nig¼b¤ RksYgbridæan mansiT§i sPaCati GMNac dak;esñIrsMu eKalbMNg: edIm,IbegáInTinñplksikmµ dl;ksikr nUvBRgagc,ab; edIm,I tary³karpþl;nUvvKÁbNþúHbNþal pþl;nUvsMPar³ begáInpliT§PaB dUcCaCIKImI fñaMsmøab;stVl¥it nig ehdæarcnasm<½n . ksikmµ .

5. cMeNaT¼bBaða: BRgagc,ab;sIþBI

GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al KWkMNt;nUvesrIPaB nig sV½yPaB sMrab;GgÁkarExµr .

eKanbMNg³ Kµankardak; lkç½NÐeTAelIBRgagc,ab;

NGO b¤ k_kardak;lkçNнtwgEtgeTAelIc,ab;epSg²

EdlnigkarBar nUvesrIPaBBIkareRCotERCk eTAelIsV½yPaB rbs;GgÁkarExµr .

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sPaCatimansiT§i nig GMNac edIm,IGnum½tBRgag c,ab; sIþBIkarbegIán plitplksikmµ . sPaCati sPaCati manGMNac b¤RksYgmhaépÞ . nigsiT§i edIm,IGnumt½c,ab;nana . RksYgmhaépÞ mansiT§idak;esIñrnUv BRgagc,ab; .

muxsBaØa ts‘Umti

Gñkts‘Umti

kt;sMKal;faenAkñúg]TahrN_TI 3 nig TI 4 enAkñúgtaragGPivDÆn_shKmn_Fmµta nig karts‘Umti cMeNaT¼bBaðaKWdUcKña EtenAkñúgkMritskmµPaBKWxusKña . enAkñúg]TahrN_karGPivDÆn_shKmn_Fmµta eKalbMNg nig skmµPaBKWeFIVenAEtkMritmUldæan edayET,k enAkñúg]TahrN_ karts‘Umti KWskmµPaBenAkMritCati . cMeNaT¼bBaað mYycMnYn GacedaHRsaytamvIFIsaRsþGPivDÆn_shKmn_pg nig karts‘Umtipg . bBaaðxø³ GacedaHRsayedaysarEtviFIsaRsþGPivDÆn_shKmn_Fmµtab:ueNaÑH edayET,kbBaðamYycMnYnKWedaHRsay manRbsiT§IPaBKwedayeFIVkarts‘Umti eRBaHvaTamTarskmµPaBenAkMritCati .

17

viiFIssaRsþénkarts‘Umtii pÞúyeTAGIVEdlmnusSCaeRcInKit karts‘UmtiminEmnRKb;eBlRbqaMgnwgrdæaPii)al b¤nWgGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay eT. CaFmµtamanvIIFIsaRsþts‘UmtiCaeRcInrebo--BIkarRbQmmux rhUtdl;rebobkarTUt ¬emIIlKMnUsbMRBYj xageRkam¦. karRbQmmux RbqaMg

crcar sMrbsMrYl

bBa©úHbBa©Úl¼karTUt KaMRT¼shkarN_

manEl,gmYysþIBIsskµPaBkarts‘UmtiEdlkMNt;edaybriibT EdlkñúgenaHmnusSmñak;kMBugRbtiþbtþikarN_. kñúgbriyakasneya)ayd¾ceg¥ótkarpþÜcepþImkarts’UmtiRbRBitþieTAedayymiineBjelj. PaBRbfuyRbfanKÅ manTMh‘MFM ehIyGacmannpllM)akrhUtdl;søab;. GñkeFIVkarrts‘Umti b¤skmµCnts‘Umti GacTTYlrgnUvkar QÅcab;BIkarrMxan nig karKMramkMEhg rbYsragkay nig Gacsøab;. kñúgbriyakas sgÁmRbCaFibetyü GñkeFIVkarrts‘Umti manTIFøaTUlayyEdlgayRsYlkñúgkar cab;epþIm skmµPaB. y:agNak¾eday karts‘Umti enAEtmannPaBRbfuyRbfanxøH² Etplvi)akminrhUt dl;sßab; eT. ktþaEdleFIV;[karts‘UgacRbRBwtþieTA)an Gtßn½yniigkarGnuvtþn_énkarts‘UmtixusKñaBIIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYynigBIIbribTénerIgravmYyeTAerOgravmYy eTot. ktþa2y:agEdleFIV[karts‘UmtiGaceFIIVeTA)an.vak¾CYybegáItskmµPaBts‘UmtipgEdrEdlGacGnuvtþkñúg RbeTskMNt;mYy³ 1¦ TIFøaRbCaFiibetyü sMedAcMeBaHésevonkñúg briiyakasneya)ay niig sgÁm EdlkñúgenaH mUldæanénkareKarBsiT§imnusSRtUv)anGnuvt 2> sgÁmsuIvil -GackMNt;CakarRbmUlpþMú GgÁkar ÉkCnRKbRKgedayxøÜnÉg. minEckcaypl RbeyaCn_dl;GñkEdlBak;B½n§ niig nayk EtbMerI eKalbMNgsaFarN³enA eRkArdæ.

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ktþaTaMgBIIenHBRwggKñaeTA.TIIFøaRbCaFibetyüGac nMamknUvkarelceLIIgnUvsgÁmsuIvild¾rs;revIk. sgÁmsIuvilmü:ageTotGaceFIIV[TIFøaRbCaFibetyü kan;EtTUlayeLIg.pÞúyeTA vij eTaHbICay:agNa k¾edayk¾GacBitEdr.RbsinebIsgÁmsIuvilminrwg maMeTTIIFøaRbCaFibetyüGacnwgrlayeTA vij.b¤ mYyTIIFøaRbCaFibetyütUceg¥ótraraMgmiin[sgÁm suIvillUtlas;eLIg.

viiFIsaRsþEdl)anesñIreLIg muneBl beRgón sYrsikçakamRbsinebImankarts‘UmtiRtUv)annGnuvtþkñúgRbeTskm<úCaenAeblmanrbb neya)ayxus²Kña ¬]> sgÁmraRsþ niym saFarN³rdæExµr km<úCaRbCaFiibetyü saFarN³rdæRbCamanit km<úCa G‘untak; raCaNacRkkm<úCa ¦. rYcehIy sYrBYkeK faetIImanvtþmansgÁmsuIvilEdrb¤eT b¤ mYymanGgÁkarkñúgRsukkñúgeBlénrbbRKb;Rkgxus²KñaenH. cMnucsMxan;²énkarts‘Umti GuksVam cRkPBGg;eKøs nig eGokLg;)aneFIVkarts‘Umti CaeRcInqñaM EdlCaEpñkmYyénGNtþirbs;eK eFIVkaredIm,I yutþiF’msgÁm edayeFIVkarRbqaMgnwgPaBRkIRk. xageRkamCaesckþIdkRsg;BiesovePA eFIVkarts‘Umtii¡ emronsikSaBI GuksVam cRkPBGg;eKøs nig eGokLg niBn§eday Dianna Melrose³ 1> eKaledAc,as;las;/ eKalbMNg SMART bBaðamYykñúgcMeNambBaðasMxan;²rbs;eyIgKåfaeyIgBüayamniigeFIVkary:agenOyht; nigedaHRsaybBðaCaeRcInenAeBlCamYy KñaenH.enHeFIIV[rsayfamBlrbss;eyIIgniigeyIgmiinsUvman RbsiT§PaBedaysareyIgBüayameFIVkareRcIneBk. eRKaHfñak;Kå faeyIigt,itet,ótelIIkarviiPaKrbs;eyIIgBieRBaHeyIgxVHFnFanedIm,IIeFIIVkarsiikSaRsavRCav[)anrwgmaM eTAkñúgfaetIEpñktUcman TMnak;TMng eTAnwgEpñkFMy:agNaxøH. eyIgRtUvkMNt;eKaledAc,as;las; niig eKalbMNg SMART EdlrYmman PaBCak; lak; vas;Evg)an GacsMerc )an R)akdniym nigeBlevlac,as;las;. eKaledARbkb eday mhicäta FMeBk eFIV[)at;Twkcitþ nigeFIV[)at; GMNac BieRBaH GñkmuxCanwgmiinEdl TTYlGarmµN_faGñkeTA dl;kEnøgNaeLIy. 2> karRsavRCav bnÞab;BIeRCIiserIs nig bBa¢ak;bBaðaCak;lak; eyIgcaM)ac;RtUveeFIVkarsikSaRsavRCavtam RbB½n§Rtwm RtUv eTAkñúgbBaða enaH elIeKalneya)ayEdlmanRsab; nig ecjnUvsMeNIr EkERbeKal neya)ay. eyIg RtUvEteFIVkarRsavRCav eTAelIdMeNIrkarénkareFIVkarsMerc citþ EdlrdæaPi)al sßab½nhirBaØvtßuGnþrCati niigPñak;garBhuPaKI RbtibtíþkarN_ nig rk [ eXIjtYsMEdgsMxan;²EdlCaGñkGaceFIV[manPaBxus Kña. eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvdwgRksYg GVI b¤naykdæanNa enAkñúgrdæaPi)al EdleyIIgRtUveFIIVkarbBa©úHbBa©Úl ehIynrNaenAkñúg RksYg b¤ naykdæanTaMgenaH EdleyIgKYrEt eFIVkarBIIPaKSaCamYy. erobcMbBa¢Ii eKal edAkareFIVkarts‘UmtiTaMgGs;enaH enAkñúgsßab½nTaMgennaH enAkñúgrdæaPi)al enAPñak;garBhuPaKI. 3> sm<½nPaB sm<½nPaB nigbNþaj GacCacMnucsMxan;Nas; edIIm,IeFIV[plb:HHBal;kan;EtGb,brmasMrab;GñkbBa©úHbBa©Úl. TaMgenaH GacCakareRCIserIs ykbBaðaCak;lak; b¤ begáItCMuvijeKaledAkarts‘UmtikMNt;NamYy-Ca]TahrN_ FanaKar GpivDÆn¾ GasuI b¤CH\T§iBldl;»kas dUcCaGas‘an. bNþajTaMgenaHeFIVkarl¥bMput enATIiNaEdlRkummanlT§PaB CYbCMuKñaedIm,I eFIVEpnkarerobcMeFIIiVyuT§saRsþ[)anmunkñúgry³eBlEvg/ ÉkPaBelITItaMgkarts‘Umtii smBaز niigeFIIVkarEckkargar [)anc,as;las;. 20

4> RbsiT§PaBényuT§saRsþ RbB½n§pSBVpSay RbB½n§pSaBVpSayKÅCaKnøwHsMxan;edIm,IeTTYl)aneCaKC½yelIkargarts‘Umti.RbsiT§iPaBénkargartamry³RbB½n§pSaBVpSay KÅmansar³sMxan;Nas;BieRBaHGñkneya)ay niigGgÁkarGnþrCati niigTIPñak;gar BhuPaKIdUcCaGgÁkar shRbCaCati nig FanaKarBiiPBelaksþab;GIVEdlRbB½n§pSaBVpSayniyay. tamry³kareRbIR)as;edaymankareRCIserIskñúgcMeNamRbB½n§ pSaBVpSayepSg²bBaðaEdlminEmnCabBaðad¾ekþAKKuK enAeBlbc©úb,nñGackøayCabBaðaCECkEvkEjkTak;Tgnwg neyya )ay.

ry³eBlénkarts‘Umti kñúgGgÁkarxøH kartss‘Umti manbBa©ÚlenAkñúgkargarrbs;eK. bnm,./ ]TahrN_ GgÁkar esv:akmµ eys‘U km<úCa KÅCa smaCikényuT§nakarGnþrCatii lubbM)at;Rkab;mIn. GgÁkarenH kMBugecj muxCageK kñúgkarTb;sáat; RKab;mIn enAkm
21

1> PaBCaGñkdwknaM

yuT§nakarTTYl)aneCaKC½yGaRs½yelIbuKÁlEdleCOCak;kñúgmUlehtunigGacpþl;eyabl;cMeBaHkrN_enHedI mlII[mankarpøas;bþÚrenAkñúgGgÁkarnigenAeRkAGgÁkardl;sarB’tmannigRbB½n§ÅpSBVpSay.GgÁkarEdleFIVyuT§ nakarRtUvkarcaM)ac;mnusSEdlGacbgðajehhhtuplnigGach‘anniyayedayÉkÉg niig bkRsayeday ehtuplCak;Esþg. 2> RbkbedayCMnajéqñRbDiit kareFIVyuT§nakarGaRs½ypgEdr eTAelImnusS EdlmanCMnajRbkbedayKMnitéqñRbDitedIIm,idwknaMyuT§nakar EdldiitCab;enAkñúgkarRsémrbs;saFarNCn. KÅRtUvkarCMnaj EdlmanecjpSaykñúgesckþIRbkas nig TMnak;TmngsaFarN³CamYyGgÁkarepSg². GñkTaMgenaHRtUvmankarbiiunRbsBVkñúgkarKiteTAkñúgrUbPaB TaMgenaH nig begáItpøÚvfµIsMrab;Tak;TgsaFarN³edayeRbIsarEdlmanlkçN³saMjaM. EnAeBlEdlsarenaH man PaBc,as;las; GgÁkarGacksag)anGñkKaMRTd¾rwgmaMEdlGacpþl;TaMgkarKaMRTxagneya)ay niighiirBaØvtß. 3> fVIKMnitneya)ay skmµPaBenH ¬KÅyuT§nakar¦ GaRs½yelI pñt;Kmnitneya)ay edIIm,IIerobcMyuT§nakarEdlGac eFIVkarRbyuT§ nig TTYlC½yCMnH. GgÁkareFIVyuT§nakar RtUvkarGñkcat;Ecg EdlGaceFIVkarføwgEføg GMBIkarpøas;bþÚr EdlGacsMerc)an niig CaGñkEdlGacRbmUlkMlaMgmnusSeFIIVskmµPaB[ekItmankar pøas;bþÚr. yuT§nakarEdlmiinmaneKaledAc,as;las; nwg )at;bgnUvkMlaMg. GgÁkar Greenpeace maneKalbmNgry³eBlxøI ehIy ehAxøÜneKfaCa : QñHtiic : - CMhand¾sMxan;kñúgdMeNIrkarneya)ay naMeTArkkarpøass;bþÚrGIVEdlcg;)ankñúgry³eBlEvg. 4> karRKb;RKg GgÁkarTaMgenaH k¾RtUvkarkarRKb;RkgEdr. kartantwgEdl)anduteraleLIgBIImYyéf¶eTAmYyéf¶eday saryuT§nakarEdl)anekIteLIg RbCaBlrdæCajwkjab;cMNnayfamBlminnRKb;RKan;kñúgkarRKb;RKg GgÁkarrbs;eK. BYkeK miinEmndwknaMeday]tþmKtiiGgÁkarTaMgenaHEtmYymuxenaHeT. KarTTYlxus RtUvEtEckrMElk nig buKÁl RtUvEtTTYlxusRtUv. RkumRtUvEteFIIVkarTaMgenAkñúg nigkat;tamrcnasmç½n§ RKb;RKgExSbeNþay. RbCaBlrdæRtUvEtmankarRKb;RKg. GñkRKb;RKgyuT§nakar RtUvEteFIVkarenAkñúg KMeragfvikar nigmanB’tmanEdleKRtUvkaredIm,I):an;RbmaNtMél. GñkrkmUlniFicaM)ac;RtUvmanlT§PaB kñúgkareRbobeFob viFIsaRsþénkarrkmUlniFIepSg². kñúgry³eBlxøI karGnuvtþn_karRKb;RkgrYmKñaRuVkar CacaM)ac; edIIm,Igac[GñkTaMgGs;KñaeFIIiVkarsMxan;²TaMgLaysMrab;yuT§nakar.

22

esckþIEføgrbs;evTikarGgÁkarminEmnrdaæPi)alkm<úCa RbqaMgGMeBIrhwgSaelIRsþI nigdMeNIrKaµneTasrbs;Xatkr eroberogedayRkumkargarsMrab;RsþI nigRkumkargarsgÁmsIuvilrbs;evTikarGgÁkarminEmnrdaæPi)alkm<úCa sUmeKarBCUn

semþc h‘un Esn naykrdðmRnþIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa eyIgTaMgGs;KañCasmaCikGgÁkarénevTikarGgÁkarminEmnrdaæPi)alkm<úCa )anBicarNaBIkarRBYy)armµNkarrIkraldalkMritx<s;énGMeBIhwgSa nigXatkmµnaeBlbc©úb,nñenHkñúgsgÁmkm<úCa • )anBicarNaelIkMeNIncMnYnkarRbqaMgGMeBIhwgSa nigXatkmµrbs;RsþI enAtambNaþextþnana nigkñúgRkugPñMeBj ¬sUmemIltaragEdl)anPa¢b;mkenH¦ • )andwgfa ral;kalHeTsHTaMgGs;/ CnCab;sgS½yminEdlRtUv)annaMeTAkan;tulakar ehIyGñkRbRBwtþielµIsminRtUv)ankat;eTas b£dak;TNÐkmµcMeBaHbT]Rkidærbs;eKeLIy EdlpÞúyeTAvijesckþIsgÇwmrbs;RbCaCnkm<úCaEdlfa yutþiFm’BitR)akdRtUvEt)anekIteLIgkñúgRbeTskm<úCa • )andwgfa ral;RbCaCnTaMgGs; CaBiessRsIþKWmankarRBYy)armN¾Nas;cMeBaHsnþisux nigsuvtþiPaBRKYsar bþIRbBn§ kUnecA k¾dUcCasuvtßiPaBxøÜneKpaÞl; • )anyl;dwgfa karrIkcMerIn nigsnþiPaBkñúgCIvitGaRs½yelIsnþisuxsgÁm PaBKaµnGMeBIhwgSa nigKaµnkarrMelaPelIsiTi§esrIPaBbuKÁlmañk;² • )andwgBIerOgkþImYycMnYn Edl)amrkeXIjya:gc,as;las;fa CnsgS½yenAEtmanesrIPaBFmµta fVIebImansakSIk¾eday • )aneXIjfa CnrgeRKaH rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgGñkman nigGñkRk CnFmµta nigGñkl,IeQaµH bgðajfaKaµnnrNamañk;mansuvtßiPaBBIGMeBIhwgSaeLIy . edayehtuenaHehIy va)aneFVIeGaymankarekIneLIgkarP½yxaøccMeBaHRsþI nigRkumRKYsarrbs;eK • )anyl;fa GMeBIhwgSaTaMgenH)aneFVIeGayxUcdl;kti üanuPaB nigesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;RbeTskm<úCa nigbMpaøjya:gF¶n;F¶rcMeBaHplRbeyaCn¾rbs;RbeTs CaBiess rYmTaMgkitþnaménRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaeyIgpg eyIg´TaMgGs;KañCasmaCikGgÁkaeénevTikarGgÁkarminEmnrdaæPi)alkm<úCa sUmGMBavnavdl;semþceRbIsiT§iGMNacrbs;semþc edIm,IsMerc)an nigTTYlskmµPaBd¾manRbsiT§iPaBBIbNaþ RksYg nigsaßßbN½Bak;Bn§½nana edim,IsMerc)annUvcMnucTaMgLaydUcxageRkam³ •

1> BRgwgya:gmanRbsiT§iPaBnUvkarGnuvtþn¾c,ab;Edlman 2> BRgwglT§PaB mnsikar nigKuNFm’saFarNHrbs;GaCaJFm’enARKb;kMritTaMgGs; kñúgeKalbMNgedIm,IsMerc)annUvsuvtßiPaB snþisux nigedim,IbegáInCMenOTukcitþ nigsnþiPaBenAkñúgdYgcitþRbCaCnRKb;vrUb 3> begáInskmµPaBnana edim,IkarBarsnþisuxsaFarNH 4> edIm,IFanafa RksYgBak;Bn½§mankaresIubGegátCabnÞan;cMeBaHerOgra:vXatkmµTaMgLay rYmbj©ÚlTaMgbBaaðEdl)anGFib,aykñúgtaragEdl)anPa¢b;mkCamYyenH kñúg eKalbMNgedIm,Itamrk nignaMyk]RkidæCneTAkat;eTaseTAtamc,ab;. eFVIdUcenHRbCaCnGacemIleXIjPaByutþiFm’ RtUv)ankMBugGnuvtþ nigminRtUv)anBnüarhUtdl; bCaCnePøcenaHeLIy . eyIg´TaMgGs;KañmankareCOCak;eTAelIsmtßPaBrbs;semþc edim,IedaHRsaybBaaðTaMgenH . dUcenHBYkeyIgTaMgGs;Kañ nigRbCaCnkm<úCamanGarmµN¾famansuvtißPaB ehIyKaµnkarRBYy)armµN¾GMBIsnþisuxsaFarNH nigsuvtßiPaBpaÞl;xøÜn k¾dUcCaedIm,IkarBarkitþisBÞénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nigkarGPivDÆn¾RbeTsTaMgmUlpgEdr . eyIg´TaMgGs;KañsUmeKarBCUnBrsemþc nigelakCMTav manGayuyWnyUredIm,IdWknaMkm<úCaeqa
1999

Koy Veth

Khoun Bunny

GñktMNag RkumkargarRsþI

GñktMNag RkumkargarsgÁmsuIvil

)aneGaysca©num½teday: Russell Peterson

GñktMNagevTikarGgÁkarminEmnrdaæPi)alkm<úCa 23

dMeNIrkarts‘Umti nigkarbegáItyuuT§saRsþ yuT§nakarRTRTg;karts‘UmtiiKÅCavdþ b¤CargVg;EdlrYmmanCaeRcIntMNak;kal ehIIyCajwkjab;manRtYtsIuKña. viTüasßanedIm,IrsavRCavGPiivDÆn_ kMNt;dMeNIrkarnehdUcxageRkam³ 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

TsSnHviis½y viPaKkMritfñak; m:aRkÚ nig eRCIserIsbBaða nig viiPaK niiymn½ybBaða nig erobcMeRKagbBaða kMNt;eKaledA cg¥úlbgðaj niig viPaK PaKIBak;B½n§ nigRkumeKaledAkñúgkarts‘Umti begáItyuT§saRssþ tak;Tik niig eBlevla Gnuvtþn_yuT§saRsþ nig tak;TikTaMgenaH vaytMél nig plb:HBal; karGnivtþn_énemeronvaytMélsMrab;karxitxMkñúgkarts‘UmtiienAeBlGnaKt

24

dMNak;kalTaMg9 RtUv)anbgðajkñúgKMnUsbMRBYjxageRkam³ vaytMélplb:HBal;énkarts‘Umti nigRcas;karpøas;bþÚrenAkñúg - eKalneya)ay - sgÁmsIuvil - lT§iRbCaFibetyü

TsSnHsgÁm karGnuvtþemrronkarts‘Umti ma:RkUvIPaK vIPaKbBaað nigkareRCIserIs

karGnuvtþn¾yuT§sa®sþ nigmeFüa)ay

niymn½ycMeNaT nigTMhMbBaað

GPivDÆn¾yuT§saRsþ meFüa)ay nigeBlevla

kMNt;eKaledA - yUrGEgVg (eKaledApaøs;bþÚr) - CabnaÞn; - minyUrGEgVg

karkMnt; nigkarviPaKGñkBak;Bn½§ nigmuxsBaaØnana - «kas nigkaKMramnana - karviPaKGMNac

dMeNIrkarts‘Umti nigyuuT§saRsþGPivDÆn¾

25

xageRkamCakardkRsg; BIesovePAFnFan karts‘Umti eroberogedayviTüasßanedIIm,IrsavRCavGPiivDÆn-. esovePAenHBiiB’NnaCMh‘anxøH² kñúgdMeNIrkarts‘Umti. TsSn³viis½y

enHKÅCadMeNIrkarbegIátKMnitTsSn³GMBIBiPBelak.yuT§nakarts‘Umtiid¾manRbsiiT§PaBsßitelIkar yl;dwgrbs;GgÁkarfaetIeKcg;)ansgÁmrbs;eKy:agem:c. TsSn³enHacCYyRkumkñúgkareRCIIerIIs bBaðaEdlGacCYynaMpøÚveTArkkarpøas;bþÚr nigkMNt;eKaledAts‘Umtiiry³eBlEvgeq
bnÞab;BIkarbegáItTsSn³ry³eBlEvgénKMnitGMBIssgÁmRkúmts‘UmtirkeXIjcMnucsMxan;edIm,IkMNt;xnøÜ eKenAkñúgbribTsgÁmbc©úb,nñEdleKnwgRbtþibtþikarN_.eFIIVEbbenHpþl;»kasdl;GgÁkarkñúgkarvaytMé lTMnak;TMngkMlaMgniigfamBlm:aRkÚEdlnwgCH\T§Bldl;kargarts‘Umtirbs;eK.manviiFICaeRcIInkñúgka rvaytMélRbePTenH. kareRCIserIis nig viiPaKbBaða

RbCaBlrdæcUlrYmkñúgkartsss‘UmtiBIeRBaHBYkeKCYbRbTHbBaðaEdleKKitfaGacnwgedaHRsay)anb¤e FIV[RbesIIreLIIgedayskmµPaBb¤karsMerccitþrbs;rdæaPii)alb¤edaysßab½nEdlmanGMNacepSgeTot dUcCasaCIkmµcMruHHCatiisaRsþnigFanaKaGPIivDÆn_BhhuPaKI.edim,IbegáItyuT§saRsþkarts‘Umtiid¾manRb siiT§PaBKÅCakarsMxan;Nas;RtUvmankareRCIserIsbBaðakñúgcMeNambBaðad¾eRcInviiPaKbBaðaniigsMercccitþ etImYyNaEdlsmRsbsMrab;karrtss‘Umti¬eyageTAEpñksþIBIkareRCIIserIsbBaðaniigkarviPaKCMBUkTI4 TMB½r. niymn½ybBaða nigerobeRKagbBaða

karkMNt;niymn½yd¾l¥nigkarBiiB’NnaCYyRkumbgðajBIkarRBYy)armµN_rbs;eKeTAdl;Gñksþab;d¾e RcIny:agmanRbsiiT§iPaB.niiynn½yc,as;mansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;eerobcMyuT§saRsþkarts‘Umti [)anxøaMgniigsmRsbnigedIIm,IepþatkarxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;eyIIg. RbCaBlrdæxus²Kña RBYy )armNµ_GMBIibBaðaEdlCajwmjab;nwgmankarbkRsayxucKñaeTAtammUlehtu nigdMeNaHRsay. GñkxøHminTTYlsÁal;nigcat;TukfaCabBaða. EdaysarEtmankar bkRsayepSg²KñaGMBImUlehtu énbBaðanigKMnitCaeRcIInGMBIdMeNaHRsaykarCECkEvkEjk nigsßanPaBrbs;GñkRtUvEtKiit[)an lMGitcgRkgCaÉksarnigpSBVpSay[dwgdlkEnøgEdleFIVkarRbqaMg. GñkRtÚvEteFIVbBaðaenaH eTACaRBYy)armµN_EdlmanlT§PaBdak;enAkñúgrebobvar³saFarN³. 26

kMNt;eKaledA ennAeBlerobeRKagbBaðaRkumGacbegIáteKaledACaeRcInniigeKalbMNgCak;lak;sMrab;karts‘Umti rbs;eK.Rkumts‘UmtiKyrEtGacbBa©ÚlTsSn³ryHeBlEvgsMrab;ssgÁmmYyd¾l¥kñúgeBlmaneKa ledAeKalneya)ay d¾ceg¥ótEdleKssgÇwmfannwgsMerc)ankñúgry³eBld¾xøI. karviiPaKGMNacénPaKIEdlBak;B½n§kñúgkarts‘Umtii kñúgkarbegáItyuT§saRsþeyIgRtUvkar tMNak;kaledIIm,Icg¥úlbgðaj nig viPaK GMNacEdlmanBak;B½n§ énbuKÁlxus²Kña niigRkumepS²KñaEdlRBYy)armçN_GMBIibBaðaCak;lak;nigdMeNaHRsayeKalneya)ay EdlTak;TgEdl)anesñIeLIgedIIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaenH. karviiPaKenHCamYynwgkarkMNt;eKaledA c,as;las;pþl;nUvmUldæansMrab;erobcMyuT§saRsþ nigerobcMCatak;Tik nig skmµPaB. begáItyuT§saRsþskmµPaB nig yuT§saTssþtak;Tik

tak;TikRtUv)aneK[niiymn½yfaCaCMhh‘ansMrab;karbegáItyuT§saRsþTUeTArbs;Gñk-bBaðaCak;

lak;EdlGñkniigRkumrbs;GñkGaceFIVedIm,IeKobsgát;dl;eKaledArbss;Gñk.eBlxøGeKEtgcat; Tuk tak;TikCaskmµPaB.. edIim,IbegáItyuT§saRsþd¾skþisiT§imYyeyIIgRtUUverobcMsskmµPaBCak;lak;b¤tak;;TikEdlmaneKale dAkñíúgkarCH\T§Bldl;eKaledAepSg²EdleyIIgeFIVkar‘Umtii1¦GñkeFIVkarsMerccitþnigGñkkan;GMNacEdlmanlT§PaBpþl;[eyIgnUvGVIVEdleyIgcg;)anniig2¦ GñkEdlmanGMNacedIm,ICH\T§Bldl;GñkeFIIVkarsMerccitþ.CaEpñkéndMeNIrkarerobcMeyIgk¾RtUvE teFIVkarvaytMéltak;TikEdlsmaCikGgÁkarb¤mNÐlrbs;eKGaceRbI)and¾RbesIbMputedIm,IbegáIt GMNacniigQandl;eKaledAénkarts‘Umtii.

kñúgkrNIEdleKaledARbqaMgtak;TikcaM)ac;RtUvEteRCIIserIsEdlnwgbnßylT§PaBRkumRbqaMgEd lkarBarmiincg;[RkumsMerceKaledA.EdaysarCaEpñkénkarbegáItyuT§saRsþRkumRtUvkarcg¥úl bgðajtak;TiksmRsb niig skmµPaBEdlnweFIVdUcCaBRgwgRkum RbEmRbmUlkMlaMg nigcg sMB½n§PaB dUecñHfamBl niigkMlaMgrbs;eKekIIneLIIgniigsßitenAyUrGEgVg. 27

CMh‘anbn§ab;BITsSn³vis½y karviiPaK nig kareFIVEpnkar KÅeFIVkarGnuvtþEpnkarts‘Umtii. bnÞab;mkeToteFIVkar vayt<élbn§ab;BImankarGnuvtþn_edIm,IkMNt;GIVEdlmindMeNIrkar nigGVIEdldMeNIIrrkar. KarvaytMél GaceFIVelI bIEpñk-plb:HBal;elIeKaneya)ay/ sgÁmsuIvil niig RbCaFibetyü¬eyageTAelI esovePA rgVas;énkar eCaKC½yelIeKalneya)ay CMBkU TI3I ¬TMBr½ 34-35¦. ecjBIkI arvaytMél emronTajecjBIbTBiei saFn_ ts‘U‘mtiGaceRbIR)as;sMrab;begáInkarxiitxMelIkarts‘UmtiikñúgeBlGnaKt.

28

CMBUk

3 RbFanbT Biess sPar³ nig CMnaj eTaHbICaGñkcUlrYm kñúgyuT§nakrRTRTg;karts‘Umti b¤cUlrYmmþgmáalkñúgskmµPaBts‘Umtii sMPar³ niig CMnajxø³enAkñúg CMBUkenHGacCaRbeyaCn_ niigcaM)ac;Nas;.

karts‘UmtiielIeKalneya)ay KÅCakarts‘UmtiedaypÞal;elIIeKalneya)ay b¤bNþMúeKalneya)ayEdlKitfamantMéledaybuKÁl b¤RkuumTTYl rgedaybBaÐaenH. eKalneya)ayGacCac,ab;b¤GnuRkiit. karts‘UmtielIeKalneya)ayGacCH\T§iBl eTAelITisedAénkarEkTMrg;eKalneya)aykñúgsgÁmkm<úCa. enAeBlGñkeFIIiVkarts‘UmtielIIeKalneya)aysMxan;bMput KWRtUveGIVkarts‘UmtiEdlmanGtßn½ydUcxageRkam³

eKaledAeKalney)y GIIVeTACaeKaledAeKalneya)ayyrbs;Gñk? etIIeKaledAeKalney)aynimYy²sMxan;y:agdUcemþcxøH?

ynþkareKalneya)ay etIGñkerobcMEpnkary:agdUcemþcxøHedIim,IsMerceKaledAeKalney)aynimYy²y:agdUcemþcxøH?

niiTÞsSn_eKalneeya)ay etIIGñkGacvas;EvgeCaKC½yrbs;Gñk kñúgkarsMerc)aneKaledAeKalneya)aynimYy²y:agdUcemþcxøH?

29

karviiPaKneya)ayKÅcaM)ac;sMrab;eCaKC½ykMENTMrg; CYypþl;dl;GgÁkaryl;BIkMENTMrg;neya)ay karRKb;RKgdMeNIIrkarEkTMrg; cg¥úlbgðajbBaða nig »kaserobcM B’tmanneya)ay begáItyuT§saRsþd¾manRbsiT§PaB niig eFIV[RbesIreLIgGtßn½yneya)ay .

GIVxøHCalkçN³kMNt;briiyakaseKalneya)ayebs;km<úCa?

eFIVEpnTIneya)ay KÅCabec©keTssMrab;cg¥uúlbgðajtYGgÁneya)ay enAkñúgbBaðaEdlekIteLIIg. CYyRkumkñúgkarbegáItyuT§saRsþts‘Umtid¾manRbsiT§PaB. CYyRkumkñúgkarRKb;RKgneya)ayénkarEkTMrg;eKalneya)ay. kñúgyuT§nakarts‘Umtii EpnTInneya)ay nwgbgðajkarKMramkMEhg nig»kas tMbn;yuT§saRsþ nigtMbn;EdlRtUv eCosvagkñúgqakneya)ay. CMh‘anTaMg 6 kñúgkareFIiVEpnTIIneya)ay 1)

plvii)akeKalneya)ay etImankarlM)ak niigplvii)akéneKalneya)ayGIiVxøH EdlnwgGacekIitman? GñkNaCaGñkQñH nigGñkNaCaGñkcaj;? etIIplvi)akmanTMh‘M nigkMritb:uNÑa? etIIplvii)akmansar³sMxan;cMeBaHGñkEdlTTTYlrgplb:HBal;y:agdUcemþcxøH.

2)

EpnTIITItaMg etIIGñkNaCatYGgÁsMxan;² ¬buKÁl b¤sßab½n¦?

30

tYGgÁsMxan;²KÅGs;elakEdlmanGMNackñúgkareFIiVkarsMeerccitþelIrebobvIreKalneeya)y EdlCakar RBYy)armµN_. BYkeKmanGMNacedaypÞal;edIm,Ipþl;[nUvGIVEdlGñkeFIVkarts‘Umtiicg;)an. dUcCaBYkeKCa KaledA rbs;GñkeFIVkarts‘Umti. sUmemIIl]TahrN_xageRkam. etIsßanPaBrbs;tYGgÁTak;TgnwgrbobvIr³eKalneya)ayy:agNaxøH? sßanPaBGacRsbCamYyrbobvIr³eKalneya)y min Rsb b¤ minsMerccit? etIsßanPaBrbs;eKmanPaBxøaMgb¤?PaBxøaMgénsßanPaB Gacpþl;CatYelx. ]TahrN_ mantMélBII1 dl; 5 BinÞú-BinÞú 1 exSaybMput nig 5 xøaMgbMput. 1

2

3

exSayyNas;

exSay

mFüm

4 xaøMg

5 xøaMgNas;

]TahrN_³ bBaða-kat;eTasGñkkab;eQIIxusc,ab; tYGgÁsMxan;

yl;RBm min)ansMerccitþ minyl;RBm

semþcneratþm sIhnu

5

naykrdæmRnþI h‘nu Esn

5

RBHRbFansPaCati neratþm rNriT§

4

RbFanRBwT§sPa Ca sIum

4

rdæmRnþIbriisßan m:uk m:aert

5

embBa¢akarkgExmrPUminÞ

5

FanaKarBIIPBelak

5

FanaKarGPiivDÆn_GasiuI

5

31

GPi)alextþ

4

rdæmRnþIRksYgmhaépÞ

3 34

srub

8

4

eTaHbICaGMNacb¤karCH\T§§iBléntYGgÁnimYy²ErbRbYlcMnYnBinÞúsrubenAkñúgbnÞat;QrnimYy²nwgbgðajeLIIg RbsiinebIrbobvIr³eKalneya)ayEdlkMBugRtUv)aneFIVkartsUmtiman»kasedIm,ITTYleCaKC½y. GIVxøHCamUldæanénkarCH\T§iBl niigGMNacéntYGgÁsMxan;²? 3)

karviPaKEpñkEdlBak;B½n§ etImaneKalbMNgplRbeyyaCn_karelIkTwkcitþcMeBaHkarcg¥úlbgðajtYYGgÁsMxan;² b¤EpñkEdlBak;B½n§sMxan;²? EpñkEdlBak;B½n§KÅCaPaKIGñkEdlplRbeyaCn¾ b¤PaKh‘unenAkñúglT§plénkarxiitxM kñúgkarts‘Umti. eBlxøH BaküEpñkEdlBak;B½n§nigtYGgÁsMxan;²RtUv)anpøas;bþÚrKña. b:uEnþBaküEpñkEdlBak;B½n§CaTUeTAGaceRbI sMedARkum nigmnusSeRcIn. etIEpñkEdlBak;B½n§kMNt;GtßiPaBéneKalbMNgy:agdUcemþcxøH? pþl;nUvBt’manBIrRbePTsMxan;³ karcg¥úlbgðajnUvEpñksmBaØ b¤mUldæanénkarÉkPaB. TisedAc,as;las;kñúgkarksagsm
4)

karviPaKbNþajeKalneya)ay etIdMeNIrkar nigRbB½n§énkarbegáIteKalneya)aydUceemþcxøH? etIsßab½nrdæaPii)alNaxøHEdlBak;B½n§kñúgdMeNIrkar énkarbegáIteKalneya)ay? etIsßab½nTaMgenaH manTMnak;TMngKñaCaFmµtadUcemþcxøH? 32

etI : pøÚvedIirsMxan; : kñúgdMeNIrkarEdlbgðajnUvcMnucGnrþaKmn_ b¤bg¥Ücén»kasmanGVIxøH? enAeBleFIVkarviiPaKbNþajeKalneya)ay cUrkt;RtanUvcMnucKal;dUcxageRkam³ karCH\T§iBl/ shhRbtþibtþikarN_ b¤ CmelaH. RbBlPaB nigPaBpøÚvkarénTMnak;TMng. TMrg;énkarCH\T§l. 5)

karvaytMélGnþrkal etIGIVxøHCaGnþrkalkñúgkarGnuvtþn¾GgÁkar? etIGIVxøHCaGnþrkalkñúgbriyakasGnþrGgÁkar? etIGIVxøHCaGnþrkalenAkñúgbriiyakassneya)ay? etIGIVxøHCabg¥Ücén»kas

6)

yuT§saRsþedIm,Ikarpøas;bþÚr-eKaledAedIm,IEkERbtulüPaBénGMNac manniymn½yCaeRcIn énBakü yuuT§saRsþ. viTüasßan edIm,IRsavRCavGPiivDÆn_ kMNt;niymn½yrbs;vaCaEpn karskmµPaBEdleFIIVeLIg edIm,ICH\T§iBleKalneya)aysaFarN³ kmµviFI criyamaryaT nigkarrGnuvtþn_. viiC¢man³ karxitxMRbwgERbg¼skmµPaBedIIm,IBRgwgesßrPaB nig sm
karvas;EvgkareCaKC½yxageKalneya)ay kareCaKC½ykñúgkargareKalneya)ay Cajwkjab;RtUv)ankMNt;y:agceg¥ót nigepþateTAelIeKaledAry³eBl xøIEtmYy CaC½yCMnHxagc,ab;b¤eKalneya)ay . karvas;EvgryHeBlEvgedIm,IRTRTg;karsMerc[)anGIVEdl

33

eyIgcg;)an-dUcCakarBRgwgniigRbmUlpþMúGgÁkarRsTab;fñak;eRkam hak;bIdUcCaRtUv)anTat;ecalb¤)at;bg;kñúg eBl eFIVkarts‘Umtid¾Rbjab;Rbjal;kñúgkarTamTaerogral;éf¶. kareCaKC½yRtUvkarBinitüeLIgvijCaTMhMsaMjaM. kareCaKC½yrYmmansar³RbeyaCn_ékarQñHenAelIIEpñk TaMgbI³ eKalneya)ay sgÁmsuIvil nigRbCaFiibetyyü. esovePAsIþGMBI karCH\T§iBleKalneya)ay bTBiiesaFn_rbs; NGO )anBnül;nUvtMNak;eCaKC½yTaMgbIxus²Kañ. kardkRsg;BIesovePAEdlbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam nigenAkñúgTMB½rTI 36 dl; 39³ kMriténkarTTYleCaKC½y eCaKC½yxageKalneya)ay – eyaleTAelIc,ab; nigC½yCMnHxageKalneya)ay b£karsMerc)anUv neya)ayEdlcg;)an b¤karpaøs;bþÚrc,ab; . edim,IGnuvtþkarpþÜcepþImeKalneya)ayCapøÚvkar[)aneCaKC½y NGOs nigGgÁkarmhaCn (POs) KYrEteFVIkarkñúgésevoneKal neya)ayepSg²Kañ nigtYGgÁepSg²EdlCaeKaledAsMrab;karts‘Umti nigkarCH\T§iBl . ésevonrdaæPi)alEdlmanCab;Tak;TintYGgÁsMxan;²d nig mnusSEdlCaeKaledA dUcCa saßb½nnitibjØtþi nitiRbtibtþiþ tulakar RksYgnanarbs; rdaæPi)al TIPañk;gar mRnþImUldaæn nigkñúgkrNIxøH manTaMgb:UlIs nigeyaFapgEdr . ésevonxageRkArdaPi)alTak;TgTinsaßbN½nanadUcCa NGOs, POs, RbCaBlrdæEdlmanGnuPaB b£Gñkman GMNac GaCaJFrsasna saFarN³ RbB½n§pSBVpSay CMnYj nigGñksiSa . ésevon GnþrCatiTak;Tinnwg saßbN½epSg²eTotdUcCa NGOsGnþrCati nigshBn§½rbs;GgÁkarmhaCn Gñkpþl;CMnYy rdaæPi)al nigGgÁkar BiPBelakmYycMnYndUcCa GgÁkarshRbCaCati (UN) FnaKar BiPBelak(World Bank) GgÁkarrUbIyb½NGnþCati(IMF) k¾dUcCabNaþsaßbN½CMnYjGnþrCat iepSg²eTot . 1.

TTYl)aneCaKC½yxagsgÁmsIuvil – edayEp¥kelIkarBRgwg karrYbrYmKañ nigkarBRgIkTMh‘M muxgar karTTYlxusRtUv nigRbsiT§YiPaBén NGOs RBmTaMgbNaþGgÁkard¾éTeTotEdltMNagGñkRkIRk nigKaMRTGñk RkIRk . enAeBlEdlRkúmnanamin)anTTYleCaKC½ykñúgkarqøgc,ab;Edl b¤bMlas;bþÚrneya)ayEdlBYkeKcg;)an kic©xitxMts ‘Umti rbs;BYkeKenAEtGacCYyrYbrYm b¤BRgwgNGOs nigsaßb½Nnanarbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigbegáItcMNgfµI nigmansar sMxan; rvagRkumTaMgLay b£edaykarelIksÞÜykMrityl;;dwgGMBIbjaðaepSg² . eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday karRsavRCavmYycMnYnGMBI NGOsshrdæGaemrik bgaðjfaedayBYkeKCaRkumGaCIB nigmanÉkeTskmµ bEnßmeTotelIkargareKalneya)ay nigEp¥kelIGñkCMnajTaMgenaHvaCakareRKaHfañk;mYyénkar)at;bg;TMnak;TMng CamYyRBCaBlrdæ samjØ–CasßanPaBmYyEdleFIV[karcUlrYmmankMritTabnigeFIV[exSaydl;saßb½n ½suIvilEdltMNagGñkRkIRk . 2.

3.

karTTYl)aneCaKC½yxagneya)ayniglT§iRbCaFib,etyü – edayEp¥kelIkarekIneLIgnUvc,ab;niglMhr neya)ayEdlkñúgenaH NGOsnimYy²nigbNþaGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilepSg²eTotGacdMeNIrkarnigedIrtYrnaTI dUcCa karEk lMGrGtþcrik nigcriyarbs;Gñk manGMNac nigvIrCn CaBiessrdaæPi)al NGOs nigRkumRbCaBlrdðØ . vacUlrYmkñúgkarbegáInsmßPaBRkum niggnuvtþGMNac edIm,I[BYk eKGackþab;)ankarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;rdaæPi)al nigCH\T§iBldl;énbTdaænnana nigkarGnuvtþn¾rbs;rdæ . 34

ktþaeedIm,ITTYlCaKCy½ elIeKalneya)aykarts‘Umti edIm,IvaytMélya:geBjeljelIkareFIVyuT§nakarelIneya)ayedIm,I[sMerc)ankñúgry³eBlxøI nig kñúgry³ eBlEvg kareCaKC½yRtUvvas;)antamry³karsMerc)anqøgkat;tamryHtamktþabI²KWeKalneya)aysgÁm suIvil niglT§i RbCaFibetyü . enAkñúgesovePAsresrBI\T§iBleya)ay nigbTBiesaFn¾TaMgLayrbs;NGOs mankrNIR)aMya:gkñúg RbeTs hVIlIBInRtUv)ansikSa . krNITaMgenH)anTak;TinelIbjaðTaMgLayEdl)anTak;TgeTAnigGñk RkIRkkñúg TIRkúg GñkensaT GñkERscMkar Gñkkab;eQI cas;Cranigkumar . tamryHbTesaFn¾TaMgLaykñúg tsU‘mtielIeKal neya)ayeKrkeXIjfaktþaTaMgLayEdlCYykMNt;eCaKC½y )anGaRs½yeTAelIlT§pl EdlTTYl)an faetIkar eCaKC½yelIeKalneya)ay xagsgÁmsIuvil b¤ xagRbCaFib,etyüx<s;b¤Gt;; . ktþaeCaKCy½TaMgLayGaRs½yelIlT§pl nigTMhMepSg²KañKWRtUv)anbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam ³

lT§pl ktaþeCaKCy½ karTTYleCaKC½yxageKal dMeNIrkareFVIkarsMerccitþedayvagév nigelOn manbMNg nigmanlT§PaBccar neya)ayx<s;

paøs;bþÚrKMnitrdæaPi)al sm
35

emeronBIbTBiesaFn¾nanarbs; NGO hVIlIBIn emeronnigktaþC½yCMnHTaMgLayEdl)anbgðajkñúgtaragelITMBrTI½27 RtUv)andkTajecjBIclnad¾BitR)akmYykñúg RbvtþisaRsþRbCaCnhVIlIBIn. dUcenH bTBiesaFn_minGacGnuvtþedaypaÞl;cMeBaHcMeBaHbribTneya)ay nigsgÁm xus²KñaeLIy.eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday karyl;BibTBiesaFn_TaMgenHGacCaGtßRbeyaCn¾kñúgkarecaTsYrnUvsMNYr sMxan;²nigbBaðananasMrab;NGOsepSg²eTot nigGgÁkarmhaCnenAmUldæanEdleFVIkargarelIkarCH\T§iBl neya)ayxagkñúg nigeRkARbeTshVIlIBiIn . karsikSaGMBIbTBIesaFn¾TaMgenHGacCYyGñkeFIVkarts‘UmtiIyl;dwgBIkargarpaÞl;xøÜnrbs;eKkñúgmeFüa)ayfµI² nigeFVI eGaypuspuldl;karbegáItyuT§nakard¾manRbsiT§PaB bEnßteTot nigskmµPaBTak;TgnigeKalneya)ay . 1.

FmµCati nigrcnasm
2.

KMeragbBaða FmµCati nigniymn½yénbBaðaeKalneya)ayEdl)aneRCIserIsedayRkúmman\T§iBl elIdMeNIkar nig lT§plényuT§nakarCH\T§iBl . bBaðaeKalneya)ay)aneRKagya:grbnÞan;EdlCakar epþatelIbBaðabnÞan; bBaðaEdlRtUvkaredaHRsaybnÞan;edIm,IRbmUlpþMþú karKaMRTBIRbCaBl rdæenAtMbn;enaH . kMNt;bBaðananaedayrYmbj©ÚleKalbMNgtUcceg¥ot )ankMNt;kñúgEbbbTTaMgBIrKW TaMgLayCamYyeKaledAénkarpaøs;bþÚrTaMgLayedIm eKaledAeKalneya)ayceg¥ot nigeKaledAneya)ayTUlMTUlay . ,Ipþl«; kas sMrab;QñHkñúgRTg;RTaylµm b:uEnþ yuT§saRsþTTYleCaKC½y xagneya)ay kñúgxNHkar begátI lMhr nigTsSnHcaM)ac; TaMgLayedIm,IeCos vagkarerIsyk sMrab;karGb;rM nigsag eqa
yuTsaRsþ nigtak;Tik

3.

karbegáItsm
karGb;rMRbCaBlrdæsamjØ nigkarerobcM

ksagsm
GacBRgwgsgÁmsIuvil nigrdæaPi)all¥tamryHsaßb½n nigkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrYmKñaedIm,ICH\t§iBldl ;eKalneya)ayesdækic© nigeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn¾sgÁm . kargarelIeKalneya)ayedaypÞal;rbs; NGO Gacman\T§iBlelIsgÁmsIuvil nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs; rdaæPi)al tamry³ ³ NGOs

Gb;rMRbCaCn elIbBaðasIuvilsMxan;² nigviFITaMgLayedIm,IQan[dl;RbBn§½neya)ay . ksag sgÁmsIuvil Casßab½nEdlmanmUldaænRKwHrwgmaM. pþl;ynþkarsMrab;karcUlrYm nigkarpaøs;bþÚreKalneya)ay CaBiesMsrab;Epñkmin)anpþl;siT§i . 37

bMlas;bþÚr eKaledA RkumEdleFIVedIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚreKalbMNg–paøs;bþÚrmúldaænTak;TgnwgGMNac – RtUvkarTsSnHyuT§saRsþ EdlkMNt;rUbragnigENnaMelIbBaðaTaMgeKaledAeKalneya)ayry³eBlEvg nigskmµPaBmUldaænryHeBl xøI. cab;BICy½CMnHenAkñúgésevoneKalneya)ay b¤c,ab;minkarpaøs;bþÚredayEpñk nigEtgEtmankgVHxat karQñHelI kMENTMrg;dT¾ lU TM lU ayy b¤blM as;brÚþ sMxan;²kñgú GMNacKWRbEhlCaminxaøgM kaøeTemIleTA . karTTYlykPaBRsbtamc,ab;énkarsMerc)aneCaKC½yEpñkxøH RkumRtUvkarkMNt;; nigEsVgrk eKaledACa yuT§saRsþryHeBlxøIEdlbegáIteLIgedIm,Ieqa
bribTneya)ay nigsgÁm bribTneya)ay nigsgÁmrbs;RbeTsmYykMNt; Gtþcrik nigCH\T§iBldl;yuT§saRsþrbs; NGOs GgÁkarmhaCn nigman\TiBlelIRbePTéneCaKC½yEdlBYkeKmanlT§PaBsMerc)an . yuTsaRsþ nig yuT§nakar)anbegáIteLIgkñúgbribTmYyGacERbRbYlKYrCaTIOcab;garmµN_BIyUT§nakr b¤yuT§saRsþEdlbegáITeLIgkñúgbribTmYyepSgeToteTot .

dMeNIrkarkicRbCMueGaymanRbsiT§iPaB dMeNIrkar 1)

esñrI sMGu kñ cUlrYmeGayeqøyI nigtaragsMnYrénkarvaytMlelIkci ©RbCuM ¬emIlTMBT½ I 40¦..

2)

TTYlBinÞHmFümPaKrbs;eK. karerobcMBinÞúmñak;² nigbgðajRbsinebIPakeRcInkñúgcMeNam BYkeKKWcUlrYmkic©RbCuM d¾manRbsiT§IpaB b£Gt; .

3)

esñIrsMuBYkeKeGayeFVIdUcteTAenH ³ kMNt;bTBiesaFn¾karrMxanbIya:gkñúgeBlcUlrYmkic©RbCMu . naMmknUvkarkMnt;mYyénRbsiT§IpaBkic©RbCUM (niymn¾yxageRkamGacRtUv)aneRbICasnñisiT§).

38

4)

bgaðjreb0bBIrya:génkarRbCMu

5)

BiPakSaCMhannanakñúgEpnkarkic©RbCuM³ etIeyIgRtUvkarCYbCMub£? GPivDÆn¾rebobvIrHmYy eRCIserIssikaçkam eRCIserIseBlevlaRbCMu erobcMsMParH

6)

BiPakSa nigdwknaMdMeNIrkarénkarbegáItkic©RbCMu

7)

segçbsm½yRbCMu nigbgðajBICMhancaM)ac;TaMgLaycMeBaHkic©RbCMdu m¾ anRbsiTPi§ aBmYy (sUmemIlenATMBr½TI 48).

niymn½yénkic©RbCMud¾manRbsiT§IPaBmYy KicRbCuMd¾manRbsiTIPaBKW kic©RbcuMmYyEdlsMercnUveKalbMNgnanarbs;vakñúgrYyHeBld¾ticbMput nigbMeBjcitþ GñkcUlrYmTaMgLay . RbePTénkic©RbCMus 1)

kargarENnaMkic©RbCMumaneKaledAeqa<eTArkkarsMerceKaledAnanaénkargarcM²Etmþg

RbePTénkic©RbCuMTaMgenHKWedim,I ³ Bt’man ³ pþl;«vaT EklMGr b£lk;enAeBlkic©RbCMRu tUc)aneFVeI hIy . eFVIkarsMerccitþ ³ begáIteKaledA nigedaHRsaybjaðnana 2)

buliKÁlkçNH (karEfrkSa) kic©RbCuMmaneKalbMNgeqa
39

− karvaytMélkicRbCMu karENnaM: BicarNaBIRbePTénkarRbCMuEdlsikaçkam faetIeBleFVIkargar b£kñúgshKmn¾ .l. eRbobeFob kic©RbCMurbs;GñkeTAniglkçNHTaMgLayxageRkaménkic©RbCMud¾manRbsiT§iPaB . RtYtBinitüesckþIEføgnanaEdl dak;cUlkñúgkic©RbCMuEdlgñkbegáIt nigcUlrYm ³ rebobvIrHRtUv)anerobcMCamunsMrab;kic©RbCMu 2. GñkcUlrYmkic©RbCMuman«kascUlrYmbrica¢ksMrab;rebobvIrHenH . 3. karkt;cMNaMPaBeCOnelOnéneBlevlakic©RbCMu nigTIkEnøgRtUv)anpþl;eTAkan;GñkEdl)anGej©IjTaMgenaH 4. sMParHRbCMuKWmanpasuxPaB nigmanKuNPaB nigsmrmüsMrab;cMnYnsikaçkam . 5. kic©RbCMucab;epþImkarcMeBl 6. kic©RbCMumanKMerageBlbj©b; 7. kareRbIR)as;eBlevlKWRtUv)anRtYtBinitüTUTaMgkicRbCMu 8. mañk;²man«kasbgðajBITsSnHrbs;eK 9. sikaçkamsaþb;KañeTAvijeTAmkedayRbugRbytñ½ 10. mankarsegçbnanaCakarGPivDÆn¾kic©RbCMu. 11. KaµnGñkNamañk;manbMNgedIm,IeFVIeGayman]tþmPaBelIkaeBiPakSaeLIy 12. mañk;²mansMelgkñúgkarsMercEdl)aneFVIenAeBlRbCM 13. kic©RBCMuCaerOy²)anbj©b;CamYyesckþIsegçbmYyénkarsMerc)anTaMgLayrbs;kic©RbCMu .. 14. GñkcUlrYmvaytMéleTogTat;sMrab;kic©RbCMu 15. RbCaCnGacGaRs½yelI edIm,IGnuvtþn¾skmµPaBTaMgLayEdl)anyl;RBBmkñúgeBlRbCMu 16. GnusarNHsþIBIkarBiPakSamYy b£kMNt;ehtunanaénkarBiPakSaRtUv)anpþl;eTAeGayGñkcUlrYmmañk; eFVItamkicRbCuM . 17. GñksMrbsMrYl b£GñkdwknaMkic©RbCMuGnuvtþCamYyGñkcUlrYmTaMgLayelIskmµPaBEdl)anRBmeRBogkñúg eBlRbCMu 18. mnusSEdlsmrmü nigcaM)ac;TaMgLayGacRtUv)anrab;eGaycUlrYmral;kic©RbCMumþg² 19. dMeNIrkarsMerccitþ)anEdl)aneFVI KwmansmaCikrbs;RkumsmrmücUlrYm . 20. eBl)aneRbI ]bkrN¾esatTsSn¾ KwenAkñúglkçxNнkargarl¥ nigmineFVIeGayGn;fyBIkic©RbCMueLIy cMnYnénesckþIEføg)anRtYtBinitü ____ x 5 = ____ BinÞúkic©RbCMu 1.

BinÞú 80 b£eRcInCagenHbgðajfaGñkcUl b£begáItPaKryd¾x<s;énKuNPaBkic©RbCMu BineRkam 60 manny½fakargarRtv)antMrveGayEklMGrKNPaBénkicRbCMEdlGk)anclrm bbegIt 40

eFIVEpnkarRbCMu 1)

vtßúdMbUgEdlGñkcaM)ac;RtUveFVIVenAeBlEdlGñkKitBIkarekaHRbCMumYy KWRtUvsYrnUvsMnYrxageRkam RbsinebI caM)ac;

etIeyIgRtUvkarCYbCMub¤? etIehtuplGVIxøH sMrab;karRbCMuenH? pþl;dl;sikaçkamnUvbBa©IsMnYredIm,IkMNt; RbsinebIRbCMuCakarcaM)ac; ¬cUremIlkñúgxageRkam¦ . RbsinebI cMelIyPaKeRcInKW )aT karerobcMkic©RbCMuKWCakarcaM)ac; . eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday CYnkalkareRbI½ GIuEml RBwtþibRt½Bt’man b¤TUrsBÞ½ CameFüa)ayd¾RbesIrkñúgkar EckcaypSBVpSayBt’man . − bBa¢IsMnYredIm,IkMNt;kic©RbCMuRbsinebIcaM)ac; Bt’manénkarRbCMu karBicarNa

)aT

eT

etIeBlevlamansarsMxan;b¤ ? etIRkummanenAray)a:yb¤ ? etITMh‘MénRkumGaceFIV[karRbCMuRbRBwtþeTA)anb¤eT cUrniyayBI 10 eTA 100 nak; ? etIvaCakarcaM)ac;b£ EdlGñkral;Kañyl;c,as;BIBt’man ? etIBt’manEdlRtUv)anbgðaj eRkaymkRtUvkarCaÉksareyagb¤? 2)

karsMerccitRþ bCMMu karBicarNa

)aT

etIcMeNHdwgEdlRtUvkarsMrab;karedaHRsaybBaðaenAray):aykñúgcMeNammnu sSCaeRcInb¤? etIkarsnüaeFVIrbs;mnusSCaeRcInRtUvkarcaM)ac;sMrab;[karGnuvtþn¾TTYl )anlT§pleCaKC½yb¤? etIkareFIVskmµPaBCaRkumrYmKñaGacCYydl;karsMerccitþ[manKuNPaBl¥b¤ ? etImanTsSn³EdlCacMnuceQøaHRbEkkKñaEdlRtUvkar[mankarpSHpSa Edrb¤eT ? etImansMnYrGMBIPaBminlMeGogEdlRtuvedaHRsayEdrb¤eT ? 41

eT

2)

karbegátI rebobvIr³ rebobvIr³KWCabBa¢IénGIVEdlRtÚveFIV . sYrsikaçkamBIr b¤bInak;edIm,IsresrrebobvIr³d¾samjØmYyelIkaþexon . eGayGñkepSg²eGayeyabl; elIrebobvIr³TaMgenH .

bBaðananaEdlKYrbj©ÚlkñúgrebobvIr³ ³

3)

cMnucTaMgLayEdlRtUvBiPakSaRtÚvcuHbBa¢ItamlMdab; eBlevlacab;epþmI nigeBlevlabj©b; eBlsMrakRbsinebIman kareRCIserIsGñkcUlrYm³enAeBleRCIserIsGñkcUlrYmkarENnaMd¾RbesIrbMputKWeGaymancMnYnsikaçkamsm RsbticbMput .

viFId¾smRsbmYyénkareRCIserIsGñkcUlrYmKWBicarNaelIRbePTénkarRbCMu ³ karRbCMuEckrMElkBt’man³ eRCIserIsGñkeTAcUlrYmRbCMu Edlcg;dwgBIBt’man kic©RbCMeu daHRsaybBaða³ eRCIserIssikaçkam EdlmancMeNHdwgCYybrica©k nigmanGMNackñúgkarsMerc citþcMeBaHbBaðaEdlmanplb:HBal; nigkarsnüaGnuvtþesckþIsMercTaMgenaH . kicR© bCMeu lIkarEfrkSau ³ GeBa¢Ijral;smaCikkñúgRkumTaMgGs; . CaTUeTA lkçNHTaMgLayxageRkamenH KYrEtKitBicarNa enAeBleRCIserIssikaçkam ³ cMeNHdwgBIkEnøgEdlmankñúgkmvtßú[cUlrYmkñúgdMeNaHRsaybBaða karsnüakñúgkaredaHRsaybBaða eBlevlaedIm,IcUlrYm manTsSnHepSg²eRcIn beB©jeyabl;eRcIn minsuj minTal; mancMeNHdwgTUlMTUlay 4)

kareRCIserIseBlevlaRbCMu ³ KYrEtmankarÉkPaBBIGñkTaMgGs;Kña .

5)

karerobcMsPM arH ³ sMParH ]bkrN¾ nigÉksarcaM)ac;TaMgLay KYrRtUv)anerobcMeGayehIyeRscmuneBl RbCMu .

42

erobcMkarRbCMu 1)

esñIrsMueTAsikaçkam eGayvaytMélxøÜneKCaGñkdwknaMkarRbCMu¼CaGñksMrYl nigCasikaçkam (eRbIbBa¢IsMnYr enATMB½rTI 38 nig 39)

2)

TTYlBinÞúHmFümPaKBIeKTaMgGs;KñakñúgnamCaGñkdwknaMkarRbCMu¼CaGñksMrYlkarRbCMu nigCasikaçkam. BinÞúH rbs;eK nwgbgaðj BIkMritkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ CaGñkdwknaMkarRbCMu ¼CaGñksMrYlkarRbCMu nigCasikaçkamRbkb edayRbsiT§iPaBx<s;.

3)

GnuBaØati[GñkcUlrYmBiPakSaya:gsegçbcMeBaHsMnYrxageRkam

etIGVICatYnaTIrbs;GñkdwknaM GgÁRbCMu¼GñksMrbsMrYlGgÁRbCMu ? tYrnaTIGñkdwknaM¼GñksMrYlkarRbCMu KWRtUvepþatelIfamBl nigkarykcitþTukdak;rbs;sikaçkamTaMgLay nignaMBYkeKeqa
4)

matikar ³ Bt’man cMeNHdwg bTBiesaFn¾ KMnit mtieyabl; CMenO Gtþcrik nigesckþsI gÇwmEdl sikaçkamnaMeTAkan;karRbCMu . Gnþrkmµ³viFIEdlsikaçkamTaMgLayeFVkI arCamYyKañ TnÞmw KñanwgeBldMeNIrkarmatikarénkic©RbCMru mY manTaMgGarmµN¾ Gakb,bkiriya nigesckþsI gÇwm EdlnaMmknUvkic©Rbtibtþki ar karRtgRtab;saþ b; karcUlrYmpþl;eyabl; karTukcitþ nigrbkKMehIjdMeNaHRsay . rcnasm
kareRCIserIs 5)

dak;bBa©Úly:agkarsegçbelICMhanTaMgLaykúñúgkarerobcMrcnasMB½n§énkarRbCMuedIm,IeFVIkarsMerccitþ ¬cUremIlkñúgtaragxageRkam¦

43

rcnasm
sikSa ¼BiPakSa nigviPaKsßanPaB kMNt;bjað begáIteKalbMNg beBa©jPaBcaM)ac; nigkarb:gR)afña. begáItnUvCMerIsnana begáItlkçNHvinicäy½énkarvaytMél vaytMélCMerIs eRCIserIskñúgcMeNamCMerIsTaMgLay

44

− GñkdwknaMGgÁRbCMud¾manRbsiT§PaB¼GñksMrbsMrYlGgÁRbCMud¾manRbsiT§iPaB: karyl;dwgedayxøÜnÉg esckþIENnaM: elIRkitBI 1 eTA 5 vaytMélxøÜnGñkpaÞlE; dlCaGñkdwknaM¼CaGñksMrYlkarRbCMu . 0 = minEdl; 1 = kMr; 2 = mþgmaál; 3 = CaerOy², 4 =PaKeRcIn; 5 = Canic©Cakal

etI´maneKalbMNgc,as;las;sMrab;kic©RbCMub¤eT ? 2. etI´)aneRCIserIsebkçCnEdl)anGej¢Ij[cUlrYmb¤eT? 3. etI´)anerobcMrebobvIrHmYy nigEckcayvaCamunsMrab;kic©RbCMuEdrb¤eT ? 4. etI´)aneTAdl;muneBlkMNt;edIm,IBinitükarerobckic©RbCMuEdrb£eT ? 5. etI´cab;epþImkarRbCMuCabnaÞn;edayminKitfaetIGñkNamanvtþmanxøH ? 6. etI´eKarBtamrebobvIrHEdrb¤eT ? 7. etI´RKb;RKgeBlevla nigbj©b;kic©RbCMutamKMeragb¤ ? 8. etI´cMraj;ykGIVCakarcUlrYmBIGñkRKb;rUbb¤ ? 9. etI´CyykñúgkaredaHRsayCemaøHb¤eT ? 10. etI´rkSakarRtYtBinitüsmRsbelIkarBiiPakSab¤eT? 11. etI´segçbkarsMerc)anBIkic©RbCMuenAcugbj©b;énkic©RbCMu nigbBa¢ak;rBIkmµPaBEdl RtÚveFIVb¤eT? 12. etI´erobcM nigEbgEckcayrebobvIrH b¤kMNt;ehtuénkic©RbCMub¤eT ? 13. etI´manesñI[karpþl;eyabl;vaytMélénkic©RbCMuBIsikaçkamEdrb¤ ? 14. etI´TTYlykkaryl;RbmedIm,IeFIVskmµPaBEdrb¤eT ? 15. etI´tamdanelIskmµPaBEdl)aneFIVedayGñkd¾éTb¤eT ? 1.

srub

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

ebIGkñ TTYl)anBinHúÞ 60 b¤eRcInCagenH GñkKWCaGñkdwknaM ¼CaGñksrbsMrlY elIkci ©RbCMdu m¾ anRbsiTPi§ aB . ebIGñkTTYl)anBinÞúH 45 nigeRkamenH manny½faGñkKYrxitxMeFVIkarbEnßmeTotedIm,I[kaøyCaGñkdwknaM b¤CaGñksMrbsMrYlkic©RbCMud¾manRbsiT§iPaB .

45

− GñkcUlrYmkic©RbCMud¾manRbsiT§IPaB: karyl;dwgedayxøÜnÉg karENnaM: elIRkitBI 1 eTA 5 vaytMélxÜøYnGñkpaÞl;EdlCasikaçkamkic©RbCMu. sUm[manPaBesµaHRtg;. 0 = minEdl; 1 = kMr; 2 = mþgmaál; 3 = CaerOy², 4 =PaKeRcIn; 5 = Canic©Cakal etICaFmµta´dwgGMBIeKalbMNgénkarRbCMuEdl´)ancUlrYmEdrb¤eT ? 2. etI´dwgc,as;las;BItYrnaTIrbs;´kñúgkic©RbCMuEdrb¤eT ? 3. etI´manbBa¢ak;BIvtþmanrbs;´muneBlkic©RbCMuenaHEdrb¤eT ? 4. etI´)anbBa©b;kargarTaMgLayEdltMrUv[eFIVdUcCakaremIlelIBt’manénkic©RbCMu nigsikSaelIsMeNIrTaMgLayEdrb¤eT? 5. etI´eTAdl;kEnøgRbCMumuneBlkic©RbCMucab;epþImb¤ ? 6 rel="nofollow"> etI´manCECkKñakñúgeBlkic©RbCMukMBugdMeNIrkarb¤eT 7> etI´manEdlTukvtßúEdlrMxankñúgkic©RbCMu[q¶ayb¤eTdUcCa sMeLgTUs½BÞEdl mincaM)ac;kñúgeBldMeNIrkarRbCMub¤ ? 8> etI´sYrsMnYrmYycMnYn enAeBl´minc,as;GMBIbjaðmYycMnYnb¤eT? 9> etI´CaFmµtaebIkcMhrsMrab;mti KMnit eyabl;GñkepSg²eTotb¤eT eTaHCamti eyabl; TaMgenaH mkBIGñkEdlmanePT fan³kñúgsgÁm nigmuxgarxusBIxJMúk¾eday .l. ? 10> etI´CaGñkykcitþTukdak;saþb;b¤eT? 11> etI´cUlrYm kñúgkarBiPakSa ya:gskmµ enAeBlEdlmanGIVmantMélsMrab;bric©akb¤eT? 12> etI´CYyGñkepSg²eGayepaþtEtelIRbFanbTb£ ? 13> etI´eFIVskmµPaBelIGIVEdl)anÉkPaBbnÞab;BIkic©RbCMub¤eT? 14> etI´man)anpþl;CaviPaKTanedIm,IEklMGrkarRbCMu edaypþl;Caeyabl;eTAGñkEdl erobcM tamry³ kMNt;sMKal; ehAtamTUrs½BÞ b¤CybEtmþgb¤eT ? 15> bnÞab;BIkic©RbCuM)anbj©b; etI´man)anCMrabGñkTak;TinTaMgLayEdlmin)anmk cUlrYm GMBIGVIEdl)anBiPakSa niglT§plénkic©RbCMuEdrb£eT ? 1.

srub ebIGñkTTYl)anBinÞúH 60 b¤eRcInCagenH GñkKWCasikaçkamd¾manRbsiT§iPaB . ebIGñkTTYl)anBinÞúH 45 nigeRkamenHmanny½fa GñkKYrxitxMbEnßmeTotedIm,IeGaykaøyCasikaçkamRbCMud¾manRbsiT§iPaB .

46

____ ____ ____

____ ____

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

CMhancaM)ac;nanaeq
muneBlRbCMu 1. 2. 3.

4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

GñkdwknaM ¼GñksMrYlkarRbCMu kMNt;eKalbMNgénkic©RbCMu eRCIserIssikaçkam eFVIkarTak;TgCaelIkdMbUgCamYysikaçkamTaMg LayedIm,IGHGagBIvtþmanrbs;eK eRKagbnÞb;RbCuM nigerobcMsMParH nigGahar ePsC¢³ erobcMrebobvIr³ erobcMÉksareyagEdlcaM)ac;TaMgLay Gej¢IjGñkcUlrYm nigEckcayrebobvIr³ Tak;TgCamYyGñkminEmnCasikaçkam eFVIkarBinitücugeRkaycMeBaHbnÞb;RbCMu

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

sikaçkam kt;RtaeBlevlaRbCMu GHGagBIvtþman kMNt;tYrnaTIrbs;Gñk kMNt;etIGVIEdlRtUvkarBIGñkkñúgeBlRbCMu esIñ[GeBa¢IjGñkepSg²eTotcUlrYm dwgBIeKalbMNgénkarRbCMu dwgBIeBlevla nigTIkEnøgRbCMu eFVIkargarEdl)antMrUv[eFIV

kñúgeBlRbCMu 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

GñkdwknaM ¼GñksMrbsMrYlGgÁRbCMu cab;epþImCabnaÞn; sMukarbEnßmelIrebobvIr³ eFVItamrebobvIr³ RKb;RKgkareBlevla eRCIserIskarcUlrYm kMritkMNt;¼RtYtBinitükarBiPakSa CYyedaHRsayCemaøH bj¢ak;eGayc,as;BiskmµPaBEdlnwgeFIVI segçblT§pl

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6.

sikaçkam saþb; nigcUlrYm citþTULay¼manPaBTTYlCanic© eKarBrebobvIr³ nigepþatelIRbFanbT kMritkMNt;b¤eCosvagkarsnÞna nigkarniyaybnøb; enAeBlcaM)ac; sYrsMNYredim,Ifanafa eyIgyl;c,as; kt;RtacMNaMelIskmµPaBrbs;Gñk 47

bnaÞb;BIkarRbCMu 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

GñkdwknaM ¼GñksMrbsMrYlGgÁRbCMu sikaçkam eGayR)akdfabnÞb;RbCMuKWrkSadUcedIm nigral; 1. vaytMélkic©RbCMu nigpþl;eyabl;eTA sMPar³KWRtUv)ansgvij GñkdwknaMRbCMuvij vaytMélBIRbsiT§iPaBCaGñkdwknaMkarRbCMu 2. RtYtBinitüeLIgvijnUvkMNt;ehtuénkarRbCuM epJIrecjnUvlT§plkarvaytMélelIkarRbCuM 3. Bnül;ya:gsegçb eTAkan;Gñk epSgeTot edaysmRsb EckcaykMNt;ehtuTaMgLayénkarRbCMu eFIVskmµelIGIVEdl)anÉkPaB 4 rel="nofollow"> eFIVskmµelIGIVEdl)anÉkPaB tamdanelIskmµPaBTaMgLayEdl)ansMerc 5. tamdanelIskmµPaBTaMgLayEdl)ansMerc

kareRbIRbB½n§pSBVpSaysMrab;karts‘Umti RbB½næ§pSBVpSaysMedAeTAelIral;meFüa)ayTaMGs;edIm,ITak;TgmnusS[)aneRcIn EdlGacpSBVpSayya:g TUlMYUlay nigmanGnuPaBxaøMgkøa . vaGacCa]bkrN¾d¾manRbsiTi§PaBsMrab;ts‘Umti . TMrg;;epSg²Kañ rbs;vaRtÚv)an bgðajdUcxageRkam ³

RbB½n§pSBVpSay

karpSaytamrlkFatuGakas

viTüú TUrTsSn¾

e)aHBum< karEst TsSnavdþI Cyberspace

Email Internet

karpSaytamrlkFatuGakas nigkare)aHBum
karbegáItTak;Tg d¾bsiT§iPaB Tak;Tg CamYyRbB½n§pSBVpSay edaysarRbB½B§pSBVpSay)ankaøyCa]bkrN¾D¾manfamBlsMrab;karts‘Umti vaKWCakarsMxan;Nas;EdlGñkeFIVkar ts‘UmtibegáItTMnak;TMngd¾manRbsiT§iPaBCamYyGñkRbkbmuxviCa¢pSBVpSayBt’man dUcCaGñkkaEst GñkraykarN¾ . RkumkargarkMENTMrg;dITIRkug Casm<½nPaBénRkumGñkRkIRkkñúgTIRkugRbeTshVIlIBIn )anpþl;nUvcMnucxøH²kñúg esovePA Pagsulong. xageRkamKWCakarbkERbnUvesckþIdkRsgmYycMnYn³ enAeBlsresrlixitmYyeTAkan;GñkniBn§b¤eTAkan;GñkraykarN¾Namañk; kMNt;c,as;faGñk)an sresreQµaH Gas½ydæan muxtMENg nigcMNgeCIgya:gRtwmRtUv. karsresrrbs;GñkRtÚvmanlkçNHpøÚvkar GñkEdlepJIrKYrsresreQaµH TIkEnøgeFVIkar Gas½ydaæn TUrsBÞ½ TUrsar nigGIuEml b¤elxEdleKGac eFVIkarTak;TgCabnÞan;)an . CUndMNwgdl;sñak;karkaEstsaßnIy¾viTüúb¤TUrTsSn¾RbsinebImanRBwtþikarN¾ b¤bjaðEdlTak;Tinnwg kgVl;rbs;GñkEdlmantMélsMrab;raykarN¾.RbsinebIIRtUvkareFVIesckþIEføgkarmYyRtÚverobehI yRsab; . manbBa¢IeQaµHGñkEdleFIVkarxagRbB½n§pSBVpSayEdlGacTak;TgPaøm².sresrelxTUrsB½Þrbs; eKTaMgenApÞHnigenAkariyal½ynigGas½ydaænrbs;eK.cuHbBa¢InUvRbPBfµIepSg²GñkCMnajkarb¤m nusSEdlmanGMNacGñkRsavRCavnigmnusSEdlsMxan;sMrab;karTak;Tgd¾éTeTot. cUrdwgnUvGVIEdl)anraykarN¾tamRbB½n§pSBVpSayBt’man . GankaEst saþb;viTüú emIldMNwg edIm,IRCYtRCabelIkarGPivDÆn¾ nigmtisaFarNH.

erobcMsnñisiT§kaEst snñisiT§kaEstKWCakarRbCMumYyedIm,IpSBVpSayBt’maneTAdl;RbB½n§pSBVpSay.GñkeFIVkarts‘UmtierobcMnUvsnñisiT§ika rEst edIm,I[man\T§iBlxøaMg. KaMRTkarGMBavnavsMrab;snñisiT§ kaEstcMeBaHplb:HBal;FM² . eKerobcMeLIg RbsinebIdMNwgminGace)aHBum
)anerobcMsnñisiT§kaEstmYyedIm,IelIksÞÜycMeNHdwgsaFarNHsþIBIbjað nigdak;kareKobsgát;dl;GaCJFrBak;B½n§ edIm,Icat;viFankar. RbsinebImaneBl epJIrlixitGeBa¢IjmYys)aþh¾munsnñisiT§kaEstcab;epþIm . enAkñúglixitGej¢Ij cUrsresr eKalbMNgénsnñisiT§karEst vaKµin kalbriecäT nigTIkEnøg . eFVIkarehAtamTUrsBÞ½CabnþbnaÞb; edIm,IbBa¢ak;BI vtþmanrbs;eK . RbsinebIGñkcg;eGayerOgRtÚv)aneKraykarN¾enAéf¶bnaÞb; cUrR)arBsnñisiT§kaEstenAmuneBléf¶Rtg; b¤enAeBl éf¶Rþtg; . minRtÚveFVIsnñisiT§kaEstenAeBlyb;eT BIeRBaHvaCaeBlEdlGñkkaEstrvl;bMput . snñisiTkaEstKYrEtR)arB§eFIVkñúgkEnøgEdlGñksarB’tmanGaccUl)an . kEnøgenaHminRtÚvkaréføeBkeT . vaKWCakarl¥Edl)anPa¢b;EpnTImYyCamYylixitGej¢Ij . faetIRtÚvbMerIGaharEdrb¤Gt; KWvanwgGaRs½yelIGVIEdlRtÚv)anGnuvtþ vaKµInKYrmancMeNHdwgRKb;RKan;elIeKalbMNgénsniñsiT§kaEstedIm,I[nag¼Kat;GaceqøIynwgsMNYr)an. eKKYrEt sakl,gGnuvtþeqøIysMnYrEdlGacnwgGacsYrmunsnñisiTkaEstcab;epþIm CaBiessTak;Tg eTAnwgTMnas; b¤kick© ar EdlBi)akedaHRsay . vaKµinKYreqøIyral;sMnYrTaMgGs;[)anc,as;las; . eKKYrEterobcMedIm,IeqøIynwgsMnYrepSg²eTot Edlsßit enAeRkA bBaðacMbg . pþl;dl;RbB½n§pSBVpSaynUv ÉksarxøI²EdlmanRbePT Bt’manepSg²Kañén. CaerOy²ÉksarxøI²mandUct eTA¬cUremIlRbGb;enAxagsaþM¦³

sníñsiT§saBt’manb¤dMNwgepSg²b¤GMBIRbFanbTénsnñisiT§ikaEst nigbNaþBt’manTak;TinepSg²eTot . rUbftEdlTak;Tin Bt’mansMxan;² r)aykarN¾RbcaMqañM nigÉksarepSg²eTotGMBIGgÁkarrbs;Gñk

lixitdMNwg

GavyWt paøk eLv b£bNþaTMnijlk;epSg²eTot pþl;«kasdl;RbB½n§pSBVpSayedIm,IftrUbPaB . vaCakarRbesIrRbsinebIcMNgeCIgénsnñisiT§kaEstepþatelI bBaða b¤skmµPaBd‘¾ekAþKKukmYy ]TahrN¾dUcCakarbgðajBIPsþútag .l. skmµPaBdUckarbgaðjenH KYrEtman«kas eRcInkñúgkare)aHBum< b¤pSaytamTUrTsSn¾ . 50

karsresrsarBt’manedIm,IecjpSay ecjpSaysarBt’manKWCa]bkrN¾d¾sMxan;mYykñúgTMnak;TmngCamYysaFarNH¬emIlTMB½rTI42¦.KWCaGtßbT d¾xIø mYYyEdlRtÚv)anpþl;eTAdl;RbB½n§pSayedIm,IelIkTwkcitþBYkeKkñúgkarcUlrYmkarEckcaypSBVpSaydMNwg . beBa©jBt’manEdlRbkbedayeCaKC½y)an RbsinebIeKmanlT§PaBeFIV[sIuKñarvageKalbMNgCak;lak;eTAnwgeKalbMNgBit. vaminRtwmEtCYyGñkkaEst nigGñkniBn§b:ueNaÑHeTEtvak¾TTYl)ankarKaMRTBIsaFarNHnigGgÁkar)anCYbRbB½n§pSaynig)aneFIVkarts‘ÚelIbBaða EdlekItman . vaCakarBitEdlecjpSaysarBt’man GaceFIV[mankarykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHGgÁkar b¤Rkumrbs;Gñk nigkargar EdlGñkeFVI.ya:gNamij vaCakarBitRbsinebIkarecjpSay sarBt’manminmanBt’mansMxan; nigedayRKan;Et bgðajPsþútageTAkan;Gñk kaEst b¤GñkniBn§ vanwgminRtÚv)aneRbIeLIy. GñkRtUvEtcg;caMfa kareFIVkarecjpSaysarBt’manKWCaviFImYyénkarpþl;sarBt’maneTAkan;RbB½n§pSBVpSay eTaHbIvaminRtUv)aneRbIk¾eday. karecjpSaysarBt’manKWCa]bkrN¾énBt’mansaFarNHEdlGñkeFIVkarts‘Umti GaceRbIedIm,IbegáItmUldaænBt’mansMrab;GñkGanTaMgLay. GñkeFIVkarts‘UmtiKYrdwgeBlevlaRtwmRtUvedIm,IeFIVkar ecjpSaysarBt’man. vaKYrEtmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgRBWtþikarN¾bc©úb,nñ. GñkeFIVkarts‘UmtiKYrEtR)ab;eGaydwg CamuncMeBaHdMNwgcugeRkaybg¥s;EdlKaMRTkarRBYy)armµN_rbs;eK edIm,I[RbB½n§pSBVpSaygayTTYlykB’t man)an .

rebobsresr RbsinebIRBtþikarN¾mansarsMxan; sresrvaCadMNwg . eGayc,as;faBt’manEdlmansarsMxan;bMput KWenAl,H dMbUg . karsresrsarBt’man KYrsresreqøIynigsMnYrdUcCa nrNa? GMBIGVI? enAeBlNa ? enAkEnøgNa ? etIehtuGVI ya:gdUcemþc ? sresrsarBt’manedIm,IecjpSayeyagtamrebobénGñkraykarN¾bk¤ aEst. eTaHbICaBt’manEdlecjpSaykMr)ane)aHBum
RbEvg tamEdlGaceFVI)an EtsarBt’EdlRtÚvpSBVpSayKYrsresrEtmYyTMBr½Kt; . cUrdak;Bakü {cb;} b¤ :cugbBa©bb;én sarBt’man} enAxagcug. RbsinebIvaeRcInCagBIrTMB½r cUrsresrBakü { bEnßm} b¤ {bnþ} enAEpñkxageRkam énTMB½rTImYy . kñúgTMBr½TIBIr cUrsresrcMNgeCIgénBt’manpSayelIEpñkxagelIénRkdas; . 51

karbgaðj karecjpSayBt’manKYrEte)aHBum<elIRkdas;sa¥tehIyxøI . GñkGaceRbIRkdas;EdlmansresrBIGas½ydaænén GgÁkarrbs;GñkenAxagelI . dak;cMNgeCIgedIm,ICYyGñkniBn§ b¤GñksresreFIVkarsMerccitþ RbsinebIBYkeKnwgeRbIB’tmanEdlecjpSayenH. vamanGtßRbeyaCn¾pgEdr RbsinebIcMNgeCIgsegçbBIcMnucsMxan;²énsarBt’EdlRtÚvecjpSay. eTaHbICa ya:gNak¾edayvaKWGaceRCIserIs)an CaBiessRbsinebIGñkcg;kMritsarBt’manEdlRtÚvecjpSayEtmYyTMB½r .

GñkEdlRtÚvTak;Tg enAxageRkamRCugxageqVg cUrsresreQaµH muxgar TUrsBÞ½ nig Gas½ydaænrbs;GñkTak;Tg .enAkñúg]TahrN_ elITMB½rTI 44 manhtßelxIbI. RbsinebIGñkdwgBIGñkniBn§ b¤Gñksresr cUrsresrkarkt;cMNaMedayxøIenAelIRkdas;epSg b¤enAkac;RCugTMBr½TI mYy .

52

53

eFIVkarbBa¢ÚnBt’manEdleFIVsnñisIT§ikaEst kMNt;eGayc,as;B’tmanEdlnwgeFIVsnñisiTi§kaEst)aneTAdl;édy:agBitR)akd. enAral;Gas½ydæan epJIrBt’manEdleFIVsnñisiT§karEstedayELk²BIKañ.RbsinebIGñknwgepJIrvatamryHTUrsar sUmkMNt;Gñk TTYleGayBitR)akdedIm,IkarBarkM[eKRkva:t;ecal . cUrsresreQaµHma©s;TTYlCaGkSrFM . eCosvagkarepJIrBt’manNUvÉksaeemEdlnwgRtUveFIVsnñisiTi§kaEsteTAeGayGñke)aHBum< b¤GñkniBn§ Rbsin ebIGkñ sÁal;Kat;. eFIdV cU enHrMlg;GñkEdlKYrTTYlnigGacbNaþleGaymanGak;Gn;citþ. bBa¢nÚ Bt’EdlnwgeFIV snñisiT§kaEsteTAeGayGñkEdlmanBak;B½n§kñúgkarsresr b¤karEksMrYldMNwg . Bt’manEdlnwgeFIVsníñsiT§ikarEstEdl)anepJIrdl;buKÁledIm,Iman»kaseRbIeRcIn CagkarepJIrtamTUrsar tamsMbuRtb¤mYyepJIrCUntamry³GñknaMsar.edayGñk)aneTAdl; kEnøgpÞal; GñkniBn§ b¤Gñksresr man»kassYrsMNYrbEnßm. cUrkMupþl;Bt’manEdlnwgeFIVsnñisiTi§kaEstenAeBlCitdl;eBlkMNt;. pþl;eBlevlasMrab;buKÁlikTsSna vdþI. cUrpþl;eBlevalaeGay)anRKb;RKan;sMrab;buKÁlik kaEstedIm,IviPaKral;sar³sMxan;énsarBt’man .

karpþl;rUbPaB rUbPaBmYycMnYn)aneRbIkñúgTMBr½kaEstKWsnigexµAnigrUbPaBepSg²eTotKWBN’. biTrUbPaB elIRkdas;epSg eTot dak;cMNgeCIg ehIyBnül;faetIvabgðajGMBIGVI.

kartamdan vaCakarminRKb;RKan;eLIykñúgkarbBa¢ÚnBt’manEdlnwgeFIVsníñsiT§ikaEst ehIysgÇwmfavanwgRtÚv)aneRbI . eyIgRtÚvehAeTAkan;sañk;karkaEstnigsaßnIy¾TUrTsSn¾bnaÞb;BIBIr b¤bIem:ag b¤mYyéf¶eRkaymk edIm,IrtYt BinitüfaetImnusSEdleyIgepJIreTA[enaH)anTTYlBt’mancuHpSayehIyb¤enA. eFIVrebobenHCYy[GñkniBn§ nig GñkykB’tmansYrsMnYrEfmeTot. b:uEnþkuMeFIVeGayhYsehtuénkartamdanEdlGaceFIV[GñkEdl eqøIyTUrs½BþenaHxwg . BinitükaEst viTüú b¤TUrTsSn¾ edIm,IRtYtBinitü faetIeK)aneRbIsarBt’manEdlecjpSayenaHb¤eT . GrKuNdl;GñkykkarN¾b¤GñkniBn§RbsinebIBYkeK)aneRbIsarBt’man . minRtÚvTUrs½BÞeTAGñkykkarN_ nigGñkniBn§eTRbsinebIeKeRbIBt’ manEdlecjpSayenaH BIeRBaHvabgðajBIkgVHxatrbs;smtßkci ©edIm,IrtYt Binitü nigkarBinitürbs;GñkpaÞl; . vaCakarl¥KYreFIVkarkt;sMKal;karBiPakSaTaMgLaytamTUrTsSn¾ vij.

54

karbj¢ÚnsarBt’manEdlecjpSayeTA[RbB½n§pSayminGacFanafavanwgRtUv)aneRbIeLIy . ehtuenHehIy GñkeFIVkarts‘UmtimYycMnYnecjesckþIEføgCMnYsvij ¬emIl]Tahrn_ elITMB½rTI22¦. EsckþIEføgCalayl½kçN_ GkSr b¤karRbkasedaymat;nUvKMnit b¤mtieyabl; . edIm,IFanafa mtieyabl;enaHRtUv)ane)aHBum< b£¤Rbkas kñúgrlkFatuGakas eKTijkEnøgenAkñúgTMBr½kaEst b¤TsSnavdþI beBlevlakñuúgkmµviFIviTüú nigTUrTsSn¾ .

etIdMNwgCaGVI ? GVIEdlRtUv)ancat;TukCadMNwgKWmaneTApÞúkBt’man cMelIy nigsMnYrsMxan;²dUcCa³ nrNa? GVI? ÉNa? eBlNa? ehtuGVI? ya:gdUcem:c? vaKWCakarsMxan;Nas;kgúñ kardwgFatuéndMNwgedIm,ICyY yIgeGaysresrya:gskþsi Ti si§ rM ab;RbB½np§ SBVpSay ¬cUremIlkñúgRbGb;xageRkam¦ .

FatuéndMNwg eBlevla³ . GVIk¾edaykMBugekIteLIg GVIEdlfµICageK GVIEdl)anpøs;bþÚr .l. enACit²³ GVIk¾edayEdlGñkGanGacyl; elceFaø³ nrNak¾eday nigGVIk¾edayEdl)andwg l,Il,aj GñkeFIVrbs;fµI. ivinadþkmµ³ GIV²k¾edaymantMélBenøIs rUbIy¾CaCagGrUbIy¾ rMePIbcitþCaCagsmehtupl paÞl;xøÜn³ buKÁliklkçN³KWsgát;F¶n;CagKMnit . ktaþmnusSkñúgerOgr:av. kareRsIb nigPaBfµI²³ GVIk¾edayKWcab;GarmµN¾ karbgçitbgçM visamjØ GaRsUv Gsa©rü

.l.

Fmµta³ GVIKWFaøb;saÁl; sgÇwm b£edIrtYya:g CemøaH³ karb:HtgÁicelIbuKÁliklkçN³ KMniteyabl; enAéf¶EdlmaneBlmandMNwgsMxan;²CaeRcIn TMBr½xagmux . 55

manBt’manCatisMxan;²RtUvdak;enA

karsresrBIcMnucTaMgLayéndMNwg enAeBlsresrdMNgw cUreRbIrcnasm
EpñkTaMgLayénFaurbs;dMNwg lMnaM³ bUksrubFatusxM an;²TaMgLayrbs;dN M gw . EpñkenKYrmanlT§PaBTak;TajkarykcitTþ ku da;k.; Rbsin ebIGac bjÚlBt’mansMxan;dUcCa nrNa GVI enAÉNa enAeBlNa ehtuGIV ya:gdUcem:c . vaCa karsMxan;pg EdrEdlkaesresrKWminelIsBI 25 eTA 30Bakü . RbsinebIGñkminGacsresr)anTaMgGs; cUreRCIserIsnUv BaküNaEdlTak;Tajkarykcittþ ku da;. KaMRTlMnaM³ TIenHGñksresrBt’manEdlmin)ansresrkñgú lMnaM . Bt’manlMGitbEnßmeTotRtUv)ansresr enATIenH . Bt’manlMGit³ Bt’manlMGitpþl; nigkMNt;nvU rUbragénB’tman . sac;erOglMGitKYrbEnßmmenaseBa©tna bEnßm kñgú erOg . etIdN M gw RtUv)ansresrya:gem:c . Rbvtþ³i enHvamanpÞkú RBwtkiþ arN¾ b¤Bt’manTak;TineTAnwgdMNgw sMxan;² . RBwtkþi arN¾Edl)anGFib,ay enATIenH)anekIteLIgrYceTAehIy . CaerOy²RbvtþRi tUv)ansresrenAcugbBa©bé; nGtßbT EtCYnkalvaRtUv)anrYm bBa©lÚ kñgú dMNwgsMxan;² .

lMnaM KaMRTlMnaM lMGit Rbvtþi bgVli RtIekaN 56

karsresrd¾‘skþisiT§isMrab;RbB½n§pSBVpSay xageRkamenHKWCaeKalkarN¾ENnaMGMBIkarsresreGayskþisiT§isMrab;RbB½n§pSBVpSayedayEp¥kesovePArb s; Pagsulong Edl)anerobcMedayRkumkargarkMENTMrg;dIFøITIRkug³ 1)

enAkñúgl,HdMbUg sresrerOgEdlmansarsMxan;bMputEdleqøIysMnYrTaMgenH nrNa? GVI? enAÉNa? enAeBlNa? ehttuG?VI ya:gdUcem:c?

]TarhN¾³ GñkRkIRkkñúgTIRkugrab;Ban;nak; )aneFVI)atukmµenAxagmuxRksYgkarBarCatikalBImSilmij edIm,IpþnaÞeTaskarkMeTcecalxÞmrbs;eKEdlenAtambeNaþysaßnIy¾rfePøIg edayeRbIhwgSa . 2)

cab;epþImCamYybjaðEdlmansarsMxan;xaøMg eTAbBaðaEdlmansarsMxan;tictYc .

xus³ kalBImSilmijRkumkILakrkm<úCa)anecjdMeNIreqa
GasIuPaKGaeKñry¾ .

3)

+ kareFVIdMeNIrrbs;elaknaykrdæmRnþIKWsMxan;CagRkumkm<úCa BIeRBaHKat;KWCaemdwknaMénRbeTs km<úCa . kMudak;ral;erOgTaMgGs;kñúgl,HTImYy .

]TahrN¾³ esckþIEføgrbs; NGO eTAkan;RkumRbCMuBiPakSakñúgextþtaEkv )aneFVIedaybNaþj NGO FM²bI EdltMNageGayGgÁkarkñúgRsuk nigGgÁkarGnþrCatiCag 400 )anelIkeLIgnUvbjðabIKw karGPivDÆn¾FnFanmnusS karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigkareKarBc,ab; BIeRBaHbjaðnanarbs;RbeTs km<úCaKWsißt enACMuvijbBaðabIenH .

4)

+ l,HxagelIGacRtUv)anbMEbkCaBIrl,H . karsresrkñúgkaEst l,Hkan;EtxøIkan;Etl¥ . eTaHbI Caya:gNak¾eday KMnitsMxan;²minRtUvkat;Cal,HxøI²eLIy . kñúgl,HmYy sresrKMnitEtmYYyKt;kñúgmYyRbeyaK .

]TaheN¾³ bNaþj NGO FM²bI)annaMmknUvesckþIEføgsMrab;RkumRbCMuBiPakSakñúgextþtaEkv . esckþIEføg)anelIkeLIgnUvbjaðbIEdleenACMuvijbBaðasMxan;²rbs;km<úCaKW karGPivDÆn¾FnFanmnusS 57

karkat; bnßyPaBRkIRk nigkareKarBc,ab; . bNaþj GnþrCatiCag 400 . 5)

NGO

KwmanGgÁkarkñúgRsuk nigGgÁkar

sresreQaµHGñkEdl)anTak;Tg b¤GaCJaFrEdlCaRbPBéndMNwg . ]TahrN¾³ bursBIrnak;)ansøab;enAema:gbIR)aMnaTI kalBImSilmijkñúgxNнTYleKak . Gñkyaml,at eQaµH Xin eBA Cab:UlIsTlesnaenAkñúgtMbn;enaH )ansMKal;Gñksaøb;enaHKWeQaµH KIMm sugelog Gayu 18qañM nig PIt R)akat Gayu 20qañM . eKTaMgBIrnak;enHKWCaRbCaBlrdæmancrikminl¥kñúgxNнenH .

6)

7)

+ kñúgdMNwgEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarsaøb;edayeRKaHfañk; eQaµHKWCaerOy²RtUv)ansresrenA cugbBa©b;énsac;erOg . ENnaMGñkEdlCab;Tak;Tg . enAeBlENnaMBYkeK cUrsresreQaµHeBj nigtYrnaTImuxgar . RbsinebI manlT§PaB cUrBnül;faetIGñkenHeFVIGVI . enAkñúgl,HbnþbnÞab;mkeTot eQaµHTImYyGaceRbI)an . ]TahrN¾³ )atukmµRKUbeRgon)anpþnaÞeTasÉk]tþm tul Las; rdæmRnþIRksYg Gb;rM yuvCn nigkILa elIkar niyayfakic©RBmeRBogmYyRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCamYYyRKUbeRgon . Gñktva:TaMgenH)anbdiesFfa karccarmin)an ekIteLIgeT BYkeKminEdl)anCYbCamYyrdæmRnþIeLIy . BYkeK)anniyayfaesckþI EføgkarN_rbs;Ék]tþmtul KwmankaredaHRsaybnþicbnþÜcedIm,IeFIV[mtisaFarN³lMeGogRbqaMg BYkeK . Bnül;Rkumbec©keTs . eCosvagBYkeKRbsinebImanlT§PaB . cUreRbIBaküsamjز edIm,IeGayGñkGan gayyl; .

]TahrN¾³ muWgma:t; - saøb; 8)

KMritkardkRsg;nUvXaøeXaøgTaMgLayEdl)anTak;Tgkñúgsac;erOg . ckMNt;eGayc,as;faXaøEdldkRsg; KWKaMRTsac;erOg . ]TahrN¾ 1³ RbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcIn >>> maneyabl;fa GñkKaµnsmtßPaB nigGñkkacsahavKYrRtUv )anbgçMeGaycHuecjBItYrnaTIrbs;Kat; )ansresreday eGog FIriT§ EdlCaRbBn§ elak eGog sarI GtItrdæmRnIþkarbreTsExµrRkhm. nagKWsMGageTAelInaykénmCÄmNÐlÉksaÉkCnkm<úCa . elak yuK qag EdlmankarxitxMRsavRCavrkPsþútag]RkidækmµsRgaÁmRbqaMgemdwknaMExµrRkhm . ]TahrN¾ 2³ eGog FIriT§ EdlCaRbBn§ elak eGog sarI GtItrdæmRnþIkarbreTsExµrRkhm )ansþI benaÞselak yuK qag naykmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa . elakyuK )anxitxMRbwgERbgedIm,I rkPsþútag b¤dan]RkidækmµsRgaÁmRbqaMgemdwknaMExµrRkhm . +]TahrN¾TIBIr KwxøICag cM²Cag nigmanxøwmsarCag]TahrN¾TImYy . 58

9)

eCosvagkareRbIBaküeRcIn . cUreRbIBakürUbI nigcM²Etmþg . manGakasFatuminl¥kalBImSilmij – – nag)anTTYleRKaHfañk;

+ vaePøogya:gxaøMgkalBImSilmij . + rftnþmYy)anbuknag .

cUreRbI active voice CMnYs passive voice.

vaRtUv)ansMerckñúgsPafa )atukmµTaMgLaynwgminRtUv)anGnujØati (passive) . +sPa)ansMercminGnujØatieGaykarefVI)atukmµeLIy (active) . 10)

cUreRbIQañb;edim,IP¢a¢b;Bakü XaøxøI² b£RbeyaKnana . ]TahrN¾³ manc,ab;GnujØatieGayRsþIe)aHeqañt b:uEnþrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenHvaminTan;)anRbtibtþienA eLIyeT .

59

CMMBUk

4 karerobcMedIm,Ikarts‘Umti karERbkøaycMeNHnigcMnaj[eTACakarGnuvtþn_ manktþaCaeRcInEdlRkumrWGgÁkarTaMgLayGaceFVIedIm,IerobcMkarts‘Umtid¾BitR)akdmYy. CMhanCasMxan; nigCatMbUgKWkareRCIserIsbBaða EdlGñkcg; sikSa.

kareRCIserIs nigviPaKbBaða xageRkamKWCataragbBa¢IrYmmanlkçNHvinicä½yEdldkRsg;ecjBIRbBnæ½sikSarbs;PUmiPaKkNþalén GaemrikxageCIg viTüasßanGb;rM nig bNþúHbNþal EdleFIVkarCamYyshKmn_Tn;exSayTaMgLayenAkñúg shrdæGaemrik. enAkñúgtaragmaneFIVkareRbobeFobrvagbBaðanigcMeNaT edayman16lkçNHvinicä½yEdl )aneroberogeLIgCaTMrg;sMnYrepSg²Kña ehIyEdlGaceqøIy)anedaycMeLIy )aT¼cas rW eT . bBaða rWcMeNaTNa EdlTTYl)anBinÞúx<s; rWTTYl)ancMeLIyRsbeRcIn snµtfaCabBaðaEdlmankarKaMRTeRcIn.

taragbBa¢sI rM ab;eRCIserIsbBaða¼cMeNaT etIkaredaHRsaybBaðanig¼ etIlTæplnig 1> pþl;karrIkcMerIndl;CIvPaBrs;enArbs; RbCaCnBitR)akd? 2> pþl;CUnRbCaCnnUvGMNacdl;BYkeK? 3> ksagGgÁkard¾rwgmaM nig sßitesßryUr GEgVg nigbegáItTMnak;TMngGMNacdl; BYkeK? 4> begáInkaryl;dwgGMBITMnak;TMngGMNac nig siTæiénlTæiRbCaFibetyü? 5> eCaKC½yrWeT? 6> KitKUrTUlMTUlayrWeT? 7> KitKUrEvgq¶ayrWeT? 8> gayRsYlkñúgkarTak;Tgnigyl;rWeT?

bBaða¼cMeNaT bBaða¼cMeNaT bBaða¼cMeNaT 1 2 3

60

9> pþl;»kasdl;RbCaCneronnigcUlrYmenA kñúgbBaða neya)ayrWeT? 10> manTisedAc,as;las;sMrab;karts‘U mti rWeT? 11> mankMNt;eBlevlac,as;las;rWeT? 12> minbNþal[mankar)ak;EbkKña? 13> ksagGñkdwknaMEdlmanPaBTTYlxus RtUvx<s; 14> sßitesßrCamYy nwgtMélnigTsSn³rbs; Gñk 15> pþl;skþanuBlPaBkñúgkarbegáInfvika cMNUl 16> pSarP¢ab; rvagGVIEdlCakarRBYy )armÖenAkñúg mUldæaneTAnwgBiPBelak TaMgmUl ehIynigbribT eKalneya)ay m:aRkU. bnÞab;BIbBaðanigcMeNaTTaMgLayRtUv)anrkeXIjnig)anerobcMyuTæsaRsþrYcehIy taragdUcKñaenHRtUv)aneK eRbIR)as;edIm,IeRbobeFobnigCYykñúgkareRCIserIsyuTæsaRsþTaMgLayedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH. Bakü yuTæsaRsþ GacRtUv)aneRbICnM sY Bakü bBaða enAelItarag nig sMnYrmYycMnYnEdl)aneFVIkarEkERb. taragbBa¢IxageRkayGacCYyRkumTaMgLayeFVIkarviPaKtMbUgrWvaytMéleTAelIyuTæsaRsþepSg²EdlBYkeK kMBugBicarNa.

PaBxusKñarvagbBaðanigcMeNaT kñúgkareFViviPaK CYnkalGacCYyEjknUvPaBxusKñarvagbBaða anig cMeNaT. RkumGñkts‘UmtixøH[ niymn½y énBakübBaða faCakarRBYy)armÖrbs;sgÁmTaMgmUldUcCaPaBGt;Xøan karEfTaMsuxPaB PaBRkIRk rWkgVk; ehIyeK[niymn½y cMeNaT faCaTsSn³énbBaðaenH. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI PaBRkIRkCabBaðad¾FMbMputenaH karBRgIkdIFøIRbEhlCacMeNaTEdlRkumNamYyeRCIserIsedIm,I sMeLgKaMRT. enAkñúgn½yenH eKkMNt;cMeNaT dUcCadMeNaHRsayénbBðaaEdlGacnwgRtUv edaHRsayedayeKalneya)ayénRbeTsenaH. ]bmadUcCaenAkñúgbBaðaTaMgGs;énsuxPaB nig brisßan karFanarab;rgxagEpñksuxPaB nigsþg;darénkgVk; nwgRtUv)ancat;TukfaCacMeNaT. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday edayehtufamnusSCaeRcIn)aneRbIBaküTaMgBIrenHCMnYsKñaeTAvijeTAmk EdlbNþal[eBlxøHmankarlM)akkñúgkarEjk[dac;BIKña. 61

meFüa)aymYyepSgeTotkñúgkareRCIserIsbBaða rWcMeNaTsMrab;karkarts‘UmtiiKWeRbIR)as; KMeragkargarviPaK bBaða dUcxageRkam. KMeragkargarenHnigesckþIdkRsg;enAkñúgTMB½r64 eTA65 KWdkRsg;BI esovePAedIm énkarts‘Umtirbs;viTüasßanGPivDÆn_karRsavRCav.

KMeragkargarviPaKbBaða bBaða

vi)ak GñkNaTTYlplRbeyaCn¾? GñkNa)at;bg;plRbeyaCn¾?

mUlehtu

dMeNaHRsay ¬EkERbeKalneya)ay karGnuvtþn¾ \riya rWkmµviFI¦

1> 2> 3>

KMeragkargarenHpþl;[GgÁkarTaMgLaynUvmeFüa)aymYysMrab;viPaK nig eRCIserIsGVIEdlRtUveFVImun kñúg cMeNamkarRBYy)armÖTaMgGs; . RKan;EtENnaMedaytaragsamBaØmYy RkumTaMgLayGacBiPakSaelIbBaða CaeRcIn nig buBVehtuEdlman vi)ak nigdMeNaHRsay. edayeRbIR)as;KMeragkargarenHRkumGaccuHbBa¢I nUvbBaðacMbgCaeRcIn EdlGgÁkar nig smaCikrbs;BYkeK)anelIkeLIg nigpþl;GTæiPaB. BYkeKGacBiPakSa pþl;eyabl;eTAelIvi)akmYycMnYn nigbuBVehtucMbgTaMgLayénbBaðaTaMgenH. BYkKat;Gacpþl;KMnitEdlCa dMeNaHRsay nwgRtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkarkarts‘UmtiedIm,IEsVgrklTæPaBEkrERbeKalneya)ayCati \riya rIkmµviFITaMgLayEdlGacCYyedaHRsaybuBVehtu nigkat;bnßybBaðaTaMgenH. karviPaKbBaðaEdll¥ KWsMxan;bMputsMrab;karsMerccitþeTAelIGVIEdlGñkcg;)ankarkarts‘Umti eKalbMNg nig TisedAEdlRtUv sMerc. taragxageRkamsegçbnUvkarviPaKsþIGMBIRkumRsþIenAkñúgRbeTseRbsuIl. BYkeKelIkeLIgGMBI GMeBIhigSar kñúgRKYsar CabBaðacMbgbMputEdlBYkeKcg;edaHRsay. vaKWCacMeNaTEdlBYkeKKitfanigCH\TæiBleTAelI TsSn³ yUrGEgVgrbs;eK kñúgkarEkERbPaBGyutþiFm’ nigGMeBIhigSarkñúgRKYsar. enAkñúgkarviPaKrbs;BYkeK eK)ankMNt;vi)akTaMgLayehIyelIkeLIYgGMBIbuBVehtuBit²EdlbNþal[manGMeBIhigSarkñúgRKYsarEdlCa cMnucTak;TajsMelgKaMRT nigbuBVehtuTaMgLayEdlecjBIeKalneya)ayCati kmµviFI rWk¾karGnuvtþn¾ TaMgLay rWk¾karxVHxaténcMnucTaMgenH. 62

]TahrN_énkarviPaKbBaða bBaða

vi)ak ¬GñkNaTTYlplRbeyaCn¾? GñkNa)at;bg;plRbeyaCn¾?

GMeBIhWgSar - kareFVITukçeTasdl;RbBnæ kñúgRKYsar kUn - GMeBIXatkmµ - CnrgeRKaHmankarP½yxøa c - kUneronexSay - kUntUc²ykTMlab;tam - CnsahaveXareXAman GMNac - . l.

buBVehtu

-

-

-

63

dMeNaHRsay ¬EkERbeKalneya )ay karGnuvtþn¾ \riya rWkmµviFI¦ hWgSarelIPriya - pþl;fvikasMrab; karGb;rMRkumRsþI emaTnPaBelIxøÜn sþIGMBIbBaðasiTæi Caburs minsUveBjcitþnwg - kmµviFIbNþúHbNþa l xøÜnÉg - sþIBIkargarkñúg CivPaBRkIRk rdæaPi )al KµankarbgçitbgçM - sßanIy_b:UlIsRsþI elIc,ab; - ]btßmÖTICMrkdl; KµankarkarBar RsþI GñkTn;exSay RsþImankarRBYy - BRgwgc,ab;dak; TNÐkmµeTAelI )armÖkñúgkarraykar GMeBIhigSar N¾GMBITukç esakrbs;xøÜnCUnd - kmµviFIGb;rMburs - . l. l;b:UlIs RsþIminyl;GMBI siTærbs;xøÜn ehIyecHEt benÞasxøÜnÉg c,ab;minTan;RKb; RKan; cMeNaTRKYsar RtUv)aneKKitfa CabBaðapÞal;xøÜn . l.

bnÞab;BI)aneFVIkarviPaKy:agRbugRby½tñrYcmk RkumRsþI)ansnñidæanfa karpþl;c,ab;sþIGMBIGMeBIhigSarkñúg RKYsar KWman RKb;RKan; b:uEnþrcnasm
taragsMNaj; taragsMNaj; KWCa viFIsaRsþsMrab;viPaKbBaða edaykarcg¥úrbgðajbuBVehtu ktþaEdlbNþal[ekItmanbuBVehtu enHPøam² nigTMnak;TMngeTAvijeTAmkrvagbuBVehtunigplb:HBal;. Gñkcab;epþImeFVItaragsMNaj;edaykarsresrbBaðacMbgenAEpñkkNþaléntaragsMNaj;ehIyKUsrgVg;BTæ½CMuvij. bnÞab;mkGñksresrbuBVehtuEdlekItmanPøam²CMuvijbBaðad_cMbgenHehIyKUsrgVg;BTæ½CMuvijva. P¢ab;buBVehtuTaMg enHeTAnwgbBaðacMbgedaysBaØaRBYj. buBVehtuKYrEtcg¥úlbBa¢ak;eTAplb:HBal;. bnÞab;mkGñkcab;epþImedaykar sresrktþaTaMgLayEdlbNþal[manbuBVehtucMeBaHmuxTaMgenH ehIyP¢ab;eTAnwgsBaØaRBYjTaMgLayrhUt dl; Gs;lTæPaBEdlGacekItmanrvagbuBVehtu nig plb:HBal;rYcehIybegáIteTACaTMrg;mYydUcsMNaj;BIgBag Bit². xageRkamKWCa]TahrN_mYy éntaragsMNaj;begáIteLIgedayRkumkargarbrisßanénviTikarGgÁkarminEmn rdæaPi)alénkm<úCa. karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI KWCabBaðacMbgEdlBYkeKelIkykmkBiPakSa. BYkeKmin)andak;; sBaØa RBYj enAelIExSbnÞat;mYycMnYneRBaHBYkeKminc,as;faetImYyNaCabuBVehtuehIymYyNaCaplb:HBal;.

64

karhUreRcaHdI

pÞaMgdIrGilcuH karERbRbYl GakasFatu

tMrUvkarTIpSar mhaCn

karpøas;bþÚrTIlMenA karkab;éRBeQI min RtwmRtUv ksikmµBencr

kar)at;bg;CIv fycuHnUvkar kar saRscMruH BartMbn;ExSTwk M eRKaHFmµCati PaBRkIRkrekIneLIg ¼)at;bg;GaCIB skmµPaBRkum Tahan GaNacRkxVHc,ab; ePøIg éRBsb,TanÉkCn karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI

GMeBIBukrlYYy

karrukrkEr:¼karKas;ykfµ

begáItRbeyaCn_sMrab; KNbkS neya)ay

xVHxatdIsuvtþiPaB

tMrUvkarrUbiybNÑGnþrCatisMrab; rdæaPi)al xVHc,ab;

xVHxateKalneya)aysMra b;RKb;RKgéRBeQInirnþPaB

sRgÁam karGb;rMexSay karyl;dwgGMBIkar)at;bg; éRBeQItic

taragsMNaj;

EmkFagénbBaða kareFVIEmkFagénbBaða KWCaviFIsaRsþmYyepSgeTotsMrab;viPaKbBaða. enAkñúgviFIsaRsþenHbuBVehtu nig plb:HBal;énbBaðacMbgRtUv)aneKBRgagy:agc,as;las;. ]TahrN_xageRkamKWCalTæplénkarviPaKrbs;Rkumkargarkat;bnßyeRKOgsBVavuF (WQWR) rYmKñaCa mYynigGgÁkarExµrnigGnþrCati nigsmaCikTaMgLayEdleFVIkaredIm,IsnþiPaB. dUcEdleQµaHrbs;eK)an dak;enATIenH WQWR maneKalbMNgkat;bnßybrimaN nig kareRbIR)as;GavuFéd nigeRKOgsBVavuF Fn;tUcenARbeTskm<úCa ehIybEgVrcMNg;énkareRbIR)as;sBVavuFTaMgenHeTAkñúgkarsnüapþl;nUvdMeNaH RsayedaysnþiviFI. 65

plb:HBal;

GMeBIbøn;Rbdab;GavuF raék¼]b,tþiehtu elIkumar

GnþrCati¼ GMeBI]Rkidækmµ

GtþXatkmµ eRKaHfñak;

skmµPaB]Rkidækmµ epSg²

TMnas;neya)ay

]bsKÁraMgsÞHc,ab;

\TæiBléneRKOgRsvwg rWkarxwgsm,ar

kareRCIserIsGaC¤aFrxus nig karbgçitbgçMc,ab;

kaMePøIgpþl;TukçeTas

bBaðacMbg buBVehtu

PaBRkIRkr

karKMramkMEhgelI salakþI

eRKOgsBVavuFmaneRcIn elIslb;

gayRsYl eR bI c,ab;min s¥ats¥M

xVHxatc,ab;

TMnas;neya)ay¼ xVHsc©PaB TMlab;eRbIGMeBI higSar

edIm,IkarBarxøÜn¼kñúg ny½Kµansnþisux

EmkFagénbBaða

66

niymn½yénbBaðanigkareFVIKMeragcMeNaT enAxN³EdlGñkts‘UmtiTaMgLaykMNt;rWeRCIserIscMeNaT rWbBðaaNamYyenaH vanigmansMnYrepSg² ecaT sYreLIgTak;TgeTAnwgfaetIRkumTaMgenHkMNt;bBaðay:agdUcemþc ehIymandMeNaHRsayneya)ayGVI sMrab;va? sMnYrTaMgLayEdlGacCYykñúgkarviPaKbBaðanigcMeNaTk_GacCYyENnaMedIm,IBRgIkkarBiPakSaEdr.esckþIdk Rsg;enAkñúgTMBr½xageRkam nig TMBr½bnÞab; KW dkRsg;ecjBIesovePAedIm karts‘Umti EdleroberogeLIgeday viTüasßanGPivDÆn_karRsavRCav. etIGñkkMNt;bBaðanigdMeNaHRsayrbs;vay:agdUcemþc? etInrNaTTYlplRbeyaCn_ ehIynrNa)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_edaysarva? etIGVICabuBVehtucMbgénbBaðaenH? etIdMeNaHRsayEbbNaEdlGacedaHRsaybBaðaenH)anl¥RbesIr? etIbBðaaenHtMrUv[begáItc,ab; fµI rWEkERbc,ab;cas; eFVIkarbgçitbgçMeTAelIc,ab;naeBlbc©úb,nñ rIk_EkERb\riya karGnuvtþn_ rWk_ vb,Fm’? etIGñkd_éTkMNt;bBaða buBVehturbs;va nig dMeNaHRsayy:agdUcemþc? etIGñkRbqaMgkMNt;bBaða buBVehturbs;va nig dMeNaHRsayy:agdUcemþc? etIGñkGacTb;Tl;nigkarCMTas;tv:ay:agdUcemþc? etIGMNacrbs;BYkeKmanTMhMb:uNÑa? lMnaMénkarkMnt;niymn½yenHGacCYydl;RkumkñúgkareFVIKMeragéncMeNaTrbs;vasMrab;CasaFarN³ehIyCMh‘and_sM xan;KWkarbegáItyuTæsaRsþd_manRbsiTæPaB. enAkñúgrebobEdlRkumkMNt; nigbgðajGMBIbBðaa nig cMeNaTman \TæiBleTAelIkarTajykkarKaMRTrnigeCaKC½ykñúgskmµPaBeFVIkarts‘UmtiipgEdr. bBaðaeKalneya)ay )an erobKMeragy:agtwgrwgedIm,IeFVI[bBaðaRBYy)armÖCacaM)ac;bMputenaHmankarKaMRTBIRbCaBlrdæsamBaØ. cMeNaTTaMg LayEdlkMNt;min)anc,as;las;GacbNþal[GñkKaMRTnigsm
BaniC¢kmµeQITaMgGs; ehIyvaminEdlGacTTYl)anCy½CMnHeTAelIsBaØkçnæhamXat;karkab;eQI TaMg Gs;enaH eLIy. cMeNaTTaMgLayEdl)aneRKagenAkñúgmeFüa)ayd_manRbsiTæiPaBmYy GacBRgIkskþanuBlPaBsMrab;TTYlkar KaMRT. ]TahrN_enAkñúgRbeTssIum)aev shBlkmµ rvagRkumGñkkayvikl )anelIkKMeragsþIBIkarRBYy )armÖ CMuvijtMrUvkarrbs;RbeTsenHedIm,I[RbCaBlrdæTaMgGs;ksagnigGPivDÆnCatieLIgvijbnÞab;BIsRgÁamedIm,I esrIPaBCayUrqñaMknøgmkenH. eKalneya)aynigkmµviFIrbs;rdæaPi)alRtUvkar karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaCn. GsmtßPaB BYkeK)ansgát;F¶n;faminEmnmanny½faKµanlTæPaBenaHeT. eTaHbICay:agNak_eday vaKYrEtRtUv kt;sKM al;fa kñgú karerobcMKMeragcMeNaT GñkRtUvEtRbugRbytñC½ anic© mineFV[I GMNacrbs;vafycuH ehIyGMBavnavsUm[eK CYyedayPaBTn;RCay rWsMrbsMrUlsarrbs;vaeTAelIcMnucEdl CaRbCaRbiyPaB ehIyGñkKaMRTmin GacTTYlsÁal;yUrGEgVgenaHeT. cMeNaTTaMgLayGacRtUveRKageLIgedIm,IsMerc k¦ bRgYmeKaledAéneKalneya)ay x¦ erobcMeKalbMNgén eKalneya)ayedIm,IEkERbhidæarcnasm
68

taragbBa¢IxageRkamGacCYyKaMRTKMeragéncMeNaTrbs;BYkeK³

taragbBa¢IsMrab;KMeragcMeNaT cMeNaTnigbBaða 1> RtUvbgðajenAkñúgXøaRbeyaKc,as;las;nighµtct;

KMeragcMeNaTRbkbedayRbDitBa¤aNnigGMNrsaTrGacCYybRgYbbRgYmmhaCn)an

2> sBa¢wgKitdl;karRBYy)armÖcMbgnigCabnÞan;rbs;smaCikPaBTaMgLay 3> elIkeLIgCaPasarYmmYytamEtGaceFVIeTA)anedIm,ITajykkar]btßmÖ edaymincaM)ac; karsRmbsRmYlBIRkumEdlRtUvykcitþTukçdak;eLIy 4> RtUv)ankMnt;tammeFüa)ayEdlrYmbBa©ÚlrvagkarbRgYmeKaledAéneKalneya)ayryH eBlxøI nigeKalbMNgryHeBlEvg

karkMNt;eKalbMNg nig kareFVIEpnkar enAeBlEdlGñkeFVIKMeragGMBIcMeNaTelIkarts‘Umti GñkGaceFVIeLIgsMrab;eKalbMNgEdl)anelIkeLIgTaMg Gs; CamYyeKaledAc,as;las;epSg²eTotsMrab;sMelgKaMRT. dUcEdlenAkñúgKMeragcMenaT sMnYrxøHGacCYy bBa¢ak ;eKalbMNgGñk[kan;Etc,as;. sMnYrTaMgenaHmandUcxageRkam³ etIkarEkERb eKalbMNgNaEdleyIgcg;sMerc - eKalbMNgTaMgLayNaEdlcg;EkERbhidæarcna sm
etIGVICaeKalbMNgkNþalrbs;eyIg? ehIyetIGVICaeCaKCy½rbs;eyIg? ehIyetIskmµPaB ts‘UmtiGacBRgIkdl;kMritNa? begáInCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCn? EkERbTMnak;TMngGMnac? pþl;[RbCaCnnUvGMNacnigTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg? ksagGgÁkard_rwgmaMTaMgLayEdlGacbegáItGMnacsMrab;PaByutþiFm’ nig liTæiRbCaFbietyü? BRgwgsm
karviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ SWOT bnÞab;BI)anbegáIteKalbMNgnigeKaledATaMgLayehIy nigmuneBleroncMEpnkar vaCakarl¥kñúgkarvay tMél eTAelIcMnucxøaMg nig cMnucexSayrbs;eyIg ehIynigbrisßanénkEnøgEdleyIgkMBg;EtdMeNIrkar. KnwøHd_samBaØmYykñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaenH KWkareFIVviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ SWOT EdlCaBakükat;rbs; Bakü cMnucxøaMg (Strengths) cMnucexSay (Weaknesses) »kas (Opportunities) nig karKMramkMEhg (Threats) (sUmemIlkarbgðajxageRkam). CYrQenHKWCaktþa viC¢man GMBIRkumts‘Umti nigbrisßanrbs;va

cMnucxøaMg

»kas

CYrQenHKWCaktþaGviC¢man GMBIRkumts‘Umti nigbrisßanrbs;va

cMnucexSay

karKMramkMEhg 70

CYredkenHKWCaTMnak;TMngépÞkñúg rbs;Rkumts‘Umti CYredkenHbgðajGMBIsßanPaB¬GacCamha Cn Rkum rW RBitþikarN _TaMg Lay¦ EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYymCÄdæanxageRkA

taragviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ SWOT Gaccg¥úlbgðajfaetIRkumrbs;eyIg)anerobcMrYcehIyrWenA enAkñúgkarEsVg rksMelg KaMRTrenH ehIyetIbrisßanCMuvijGMeNaypldl;karsMerceKalbMNgnigeKaledArWeT. vak_Gaccg¥l bgðajpgEdrnUvGVIEdleyIgKYrEtBRgIkbEnßmenAkñúgRkumrbs;eyIg rWk_RtUvEkrsMrYlTisedA. xageRkamKWCalTæplénkarviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ dæanénkarts‘UmtienAkúñgextþkMBg;qñaMg.

SWOT

sþIGMBIrkarcUlrYmkñúgsikçasalabNþúHbNþal GMBImUl

]TahrN_énkarviPaKtamviFIsaRsþ SWOT cMeNaTbBaðaEdlRtUvykmkedaHRsay³ tMélxçsr; bs;famBlenAkñgú extþkMBg;qañ gM eKaledA³ tMrUvkarbBa©úHtMélfamBl cMnucxøagM cMnucexSay - RkumdwgGMBIrebobeFVIkarRsavRCav

- minEmnCakmµsiTærbs;bNþajkargarén GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al

- smaCikTaMgGs;KaMRTeKaledAénkarts‘Umti

- KµanTMnak;TMngCitsñiTæCamYyGaC¤aFrkñúgtMbn;

- mansmtßPaBkñúgkareFVIkarts‘Umtii

- smaCikTaMgLayRBYy)armÖBIvi)akEdlekIt man

- manBt’mansþIGMBItMélénfamBlrbs;extþ epSg²eTot

- KµanÉksarnigBt’manRKb;RKan;

- KWCaédKUrrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGnþrCati - xVHxatGñkcUlrYmnigCMnYy]btßmÖ EdlCaGñkKaMRTdl;karts‘UmtienH

»kas

karKMramkMEhg

- eFVIkarpøas;bþÚrGñkdwknaMfñak;extþ

- KµankarCYyeRCamERCgBIGaC¤aFrkñúgtMbn;nig GñkEdlmanGMNacTaMgLay

- manesrIPaBnigliTæiRbCaFietyü

- mhaCnRbEhlCamankarsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarcU lrYmCamYyskmµPaBenH

- karpSBVpSayedayÉkraCü

- karKabsgát;BIRkumd_éTeTot

- bgðajdl;GgákareRkArdæaPi)alEdlenAtam bNþalextþTaMgLayGMBIKMnitrbs;eyIg - mhaCncg;bBa©úHtMélénfamBl 71

karbegáItKMeragEpnkartMbUgsMrab;karts‘Umti kareFVIEpnkarsMrab;karts‘Umti KWCaEpnkard_samBaØ nigCakarsÞg;sakl,gemIl ehIyvaKWCameFüa)ay d_l¥Edl)anbBa©b;sikçasalabNþúHbNþalGMBIkarts‘UmtienH. cMeBaHGñkcUlrYmNaEdlKµanbTBiesaFn_kñúg kic©karenH lMnaMEpnkarKWerobcM[BYkeKcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaBnaeBlGnaKt. cMeBaHGñkEdlbc©úb,nñkMBugEt cUlrYmenAkñúgbBaðaenH begáItEpnkar nig CYyqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelIskmµPaBrbs;eKsþIGMBIeKaledAR)akdniym nigskmµPaB EdlGaceFVIeTA)an. sMrab;karts‘UmtilIktMbUg karerobcMtaragKMeragEpnkard_samBaØmYydUctaragEdlmanenAkñúgTMBr½ 57KYrnig RKb;RKan;ehIy. kñúgkarENnaMGMBIEpnkarenH vak_GacrYmbBa©ÚleKaledAEdl SMART (Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound) ( sUmemIlenAesovePA Elements of Advocacy CMBUk2 TMBr½18). eKalbMNg³ KYrEtsMrab;ry³eBlEvg eKaledA³ KYrEt SMART nigry³eBlxøI skmµPaB

kic©kar

Gñk¼RkumTTYlxusRtUv

eBlevla

xageRkamKWCakarRbwgERbgBüayamelIktMbUgrbs;GgákareRkArdæaPi)almYyEdlmaneQµaHfa RkumGPivDÆn_PUmi (KAWP) enAkñúgextþ)at;tMbgkñúgkarerobcMEpnkarsMrab;karts‘Umti.

72

-

EpnkarsMrab;karts‘mU ti eKalbMNg³ sMrab;mhaCnEdlRtUvTTYlykdI)at;bg;rbs;eKRtlb;mkvij eKaledA³ tMrUv[GaC¤aFrPUmi XMu nigGñkmanGMnacTaMgLayRbKl;dIEdlsmRsbmk[RbCaCnvij skmµPaBTI1 sikSakrNIdeNþImykdI EdlkMBugCH\TæiBldl;RbCaCnRkIRkkñúgextþ viPaKBt’manTTYl)annigbegáItCataragbBa¢IeQµaHCnrgeRKaH Tak;TgmnÞIrsUrieyadIGMBIc,ab;kan;kab;dIFøInaeBlbc©úb,nñ skmµPaBTI2 CYbCamYyRkumCnrgeRKaHehIyeFVIkic©RBmRBagelIskmµPaBEdlRtUveFVICamYyKat; erobcMbBa¢IeQµaHCnrgeRKaH Psþútag GñkKaMRT BakübNþwg nigÉksarsþIGMBIsiTækan;kab;dIFøI. eRCIserIsGñkdwknaMEdlnwgGacbRgYbbRgYm rWtMrUv[RbKl;dIRtlb;mkvij. RbmUlfvikasMrab;kareFVIdMeNIr nigCMnYy]btßmepSg²eTot skmµPaBTI3 bgVwkRkumGñkrgeRKaH[ecHbMeBjBakübNþwg nigbRgYbbRgYmCamYyGaC¤aFrEdndI. eRCIserIsGñktMNagrWGñkdwknaMedIm,IeTAbþwgenAtamGaC¤aFrEdndIRsuknigextþ. skmµPaB

kic©kar

Gñk¼RkumTTYlxus eBlevla RtUv

- skmµPaBTI1 KAWP 1-14 mifuna - sikSakrNIdeNþImykdImk - CYbCamYyRkumCnrg eRKaHtamPUmi XMu vij kMBugCH\TæiBldl; RbCaCn RkIRkkñúgextþ - KAWP - viPaKBt’manTTYl)annig - CybBiPakSaCamYyRb nigRkumCnrg 15-17 mifuna Ca begáItCataragbBa¢IeQµaHCn eRKaH - CnedIm,IeFVIkarsMerccitþ rgeRKaH eTAelIGVIEdlBYkeKcg; - KAWPnig 20 mifuna eFVI - Tak;TgmnÞIrsUrieyadIGMBI RbFankariya - BiPakSanigbBa¢ak;[)an ly½sUrieyadI - c,ab; - kan;kab;dIFøInaeBlbc©úb,nñ - c,as;las;CamYy 73

sßabN½ÑBak;Bnæ½GMBIc,ab; kan;kab;nigeRbIR)as;dIFøI - skmµPaBTI2 - CybCamYyRkumCnrgeRKaH - ehIyeFVIkic©RbmRBagelIsk mµPaBEdlRtUveFVICamYyKat; - erobcMbBa¢IreQµaHCnrgeRKaH Psþútag GñkKaMRT BakübNþwg nigÉksarsþI GMBIsiTækan;kab;dIFøI. - eRCIserIsGñkdwknaMEdlnig GacbRgYbbRgYm rWtMrUv[ RbKl;dIRtlb;mkvij. - RbmUlfvikasMrab;kareFVI dMeNIr nigCMnYy]btßmÖ epSg²eTot - skmµPaBTI3 - bgVwkRkumGñkrgeRKaH[ecH - bMeBjBakübNþwg nigbRgYb bRgYmCamYyGaC¤aFrEdndI.

-

- erobcMbBa¢IreQµaHCnrg - eRKaH Gñk]btßm nigPsþútag - erobcMÉksarGMBIsiTæ kan;kab;dIFøI nig BakübNþwg

-

-

GñkPUmi nig KAWP

27-29 mifuna

GñkPUmi nig KAWP

29-30 mifuna

GñkPUmi nig

15 kkáda

KAWP

- sMerccitþeRCIseIsviFI saRsþkñúgkareRCIserIs GñkdwknaM rWGñktMNag - EsVgrkCMnYyBIGñkKaMRT

-

GñkPUmi nig KAWP

- RkumGgÁkar siTæmnusS nig

- Tak;TgGgÁkarsiTæ KAWP mnusSdUcCa Adhoc CMnYy Rsbc,ab;sMrab; km<úCa Licadho sMrab;Gñk cg¥úlbgðaj faetI eyIgRtUvbRgYb bRgYmCa mYy GaC¤aFr EdndInig c,ab;Bak;Bn§½ - GñktMNag y:agdUcemþc - eRCIserIsGñktMNagrWGñkdwk - GñktMNagCYbCamYyrdæ GMnacfñak;Rsuknigextþ naM edIm,IeTAbþwgenAtam - GñktMNag nigtulakar GaC¤aFrEdndIRsuknigextþ. - eTACYbGñkTTYlxusRtUv - eFVIbnþeTAeTot BakübNþwg 2 - 3 nigrg;caMsþab;lTæpl dgeTotrhUtdl;)an lTæplxøH 74

16-31 kkáda 1-10 sIha

12 sIha 15 sIha 30 kBaØa

taragEdlbBa¢ak;GMBIlTæplsgÇwmTukenAkñugskmµPaBnImYy²enAEtRtUvbEnßm edIm,IEkrlMGrEpnkarénkar ts‘UmtienH. RbsinebIGñkcUlrYmmankarRBYy)armÖGMBIkareFVIskmµPaBts‘UmtienH BYkeKGac eFVIkarerob rab;bEnßmbnÞab;BIsikçasala.

s

75

CMBkU

5

karvaytMélelIsikçasalabNþúHbNþalsþIBIkarts‘Umti karyl;nUvGVIEdlxusnigGVIEdlRtUv

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Éksareyag mCÄmNÐl Ateneo sMrab;eKalneya)aysgÁm nigkargarsaFarNH/ viTüasaßn RsavRCavkarGPivDÆn¾/ Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, \T§iBleKalneya)ay, bTBiesaFn¾

nanarbs; NGO, hVIlIBIn ³ 1997. Hudson,

Mike.

karRKb;RKgedayKaµnkMércUl/

es‘rIesovePA

Penguin

,

raCaNacRkGg;eKøs: 1995.

viTüasaßnRsavRCavkarGPivDÆn¾/ ÉksaredIménkarts‘Umti/ Boston. n.d. kargarkarts‘Umti ! emeron)ansikSaedayGuksaVmrbs;raCaNacRk Gg;eKøs nigGuksaVmRbeTseGokLg; ³ n.d. Melrose, Dianna.

GuksaVmshrdæGaemrik ³ \T§iBlénkaeeFVIkarsMerccitþ kñúgKNHkmaµkarTenøemKgÁ ¬TMrg;karsikaçsala¦/ PñMeBj³ 4 - 6 sIha 1999. kargarkMENrTMrg;dITIRkug/ Pagsulong. TIRkug Quezon: 1996.

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