(acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

(ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME) -

Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

HIV 

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“Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome” A specific type of virus (a retrovirus)

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HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself.

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No Cure

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AIDS 

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

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Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection

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A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system

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No Cure

New HIV Infections in 2002 by Age Group

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Four Stages of HIV

Stage 1 - Primary 

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Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people

Stage 2 Asymptomatic 

Lasts for an average of ten years

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This stage is free from symptoms

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There may be swollen glands

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The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels

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HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

Stage 3 - Symptomatic 

The symptoms are mild

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The immune system deteriorates

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emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS 

The immune system weakens

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The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS

OTHER EXAMPLES 4 STAGE :4 

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Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS 

Bacterial Tuberculosis (TB)  Strep pneumonia 

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Viral Kaposi Sarcoma  Herpes 

KOPOSI SARCOMA 

Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

Through Bodily Fluids 

Blood products

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Semen

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Vaginal fluids

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Breast Milk

Through IV Drug Use 

Sharing Needles 

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Without sterilization

Increases the chances of contracting HIV

Through Sex 

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Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina) Oral Anal

Mother-to-Baby

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Before Birth During Birth Postpartum 

After the birth

Testing Options for HIV

Anonymous Testing   

No name is used Unique identifying number Results issued only to test recipient 23659874515 Anonymous

Confidential Testing 

Person’s name is recorded along with HIV results 

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Name and positive results are reported to the State Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Results issued only to test recipient

Blood Detection Tests 

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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Western Blot Confirmatory test

Urine Testing 

Urine Western Blot 

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As sensitive as testing blood Safe way to screen for HIV Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

Oral Testing 

Orasure 

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The only FDA approved HIV antibody. As accurate as blood testing Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. NOT A SALIVA TEST!

Counseling

Pre-test Counseling     

Transmission Prevention Risk Factors Voluntary & Confidential Reportability of Positive Test Results

Post-test Counseling    

Clarifies test results Need for additional testing Promotion of safe behavior Release of results

Treatment Options

Antiretroviral Drugs 

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors 

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Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors 

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AZT (Zidovudine)

Viramune (Nevirapine)

Protease inhibitors 

Norvir (Ritonavir)

Opportunistic Infection Treatment 

Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

Four ways to protect yourself?    

Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles

Abstinence 

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It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. Refraining from intravenous drug use

Monogamous relationship 

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A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

Protected Sex

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Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom)

When Using A Condom Remember To:  

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Make sure the package is not expired Make sure to check the package for damages Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of tearing Never use the condom more than once Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

Sterile Needles 

If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it must be disinfected: 

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Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at least 30 seconds. thoroughly rinse with water Do this between each person’s use

Needle Exchange Program 

Non-profit Organization, which provides sterile needles in exchange for contaminated ones

Remember: The total risks of birth control are much less than the total risks of a pregnancy!!

BIRTH CONTROL 

Types of Birth Control ● Hormonal ● Barrier ● IUD ● Methods

based on information ● Permanent sterilization

Hormonal Methods ● Oral

Contraceptives (Birth Control Pill) ● Injections (Depo-Provera) ● Implants (Norplant I & II)

How does the pill work? ●Stops

ovulation ●Thins uterine lining ●Thickens cervical mucus

Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills  Prevents pregnancy  Eases menstrual cramps  Shortens period  Regulates period

Decreases incidence of ovarian cysts Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer Decreases acne

Norplant Implant

Emergency Contraception (ECP) ●

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Must be taken within 72 hours of the act of unprotected intercourse or failure of contraception method Must receive ECP from a physician 75 – 84% effective in reducing pregnancy California pharmacies can prescribe without a doctor! (1/ 1/ 02)

BARRIER METHODS ● Spermicides ● Male Condom ● Female Condom ● Diaphragm ● Cervical

Cap

BARRIER METHOD ● Prevents

pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from meeting ● Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal methods due to design and human error

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD) ● ● ● ● ●

T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy Must be on period during insertion A Natural childbirth required to use IUD Extremely effective without using hormones > 97 % Must be in monogamous relationship

STERILIZATION ● Procedure performed on

a man or a woman permanently sterilizes ● Female = Tubal Ligation ● Male = Vasectomy

VASECTOMY

LAPAROSCOPY-’BAND-AID’ STERILIZATION

POPULATION CONTROL 

Reflections: “ How can I help?” As a student, I can help my country’ population problem by:

 J oining actively in class, school and community activities to develop self-discipline.  Exchanging ideas and knowledge with classmates about planning a family and health care.  Talking to friends and neighbors about some government programs and policies on how to control population.  Communicating with parents and relatives about building strong family relationships.  Learning how to be a responsible parent in the future through further studies and shared experiences .

TAKE A OATH   

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LEAD A DISICIPLINE LIFE. HAVE AWARNESS ABOUT AIDS. USE ABOVE TIPS TO MAKE A AIDS FREE WORLD. ERADICATE AIDS FROM WORLD WITHOUT VACCINE. - MANIVANNAN.

Thank You!