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SPINAL CORD INJURY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Prepared by: Manalang, Al Victoria R. BSPT III-1

Non-traumatic Motor Neuron Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spondylotic Myelopathies Spondylosis Spondylolisthesis Spinal Stenosis Infectious & Inflammatory Diseases Multiple Sclerosis

Neoplastic Diseases 1. Intradural Intramedullary Ependynoma 2. Intradural Extramedullary Meningioma 3. Extradural Neuroblastoma Congenital/Developmental Disorder Spina Bifida

Disease

Signs & Symptoms

SPINAL CORD INJURY

•Areflexia, Motor & Sensory Impairments, Spasticity, Bladder & Bowel Dysfunction, Sexual Dysfunction •Painless weakness in hand, foot, arm & leg •Speech, swallowing, walking difficulty •Atrophy & Fasciculations •Depressed mm stretch reflexes •Muscle cramping •Muscle weakness, poor mm tone, weak cry, limpness or tendency to flop, difficulty sucking/swallowing

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY

SPONDYLOSIS

•Back pain •Sphincter & Bowel Dysfunction

SPONDYLO LISTHESIS

•Tingling & Numbness •Slipping sensation when moving into an upright position

SPINA BIFIDA

SPINAL STENOSIS

(SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) •Dimple, depression, birthmark, hairy patch over the affected part (SPINA BIFIDA MANIFESTA) •Swelling over the affected spine/ exposed spinal nerves @ the back •Numbness & Weakness •Cramping or pain in legs, feet or buttocks

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

EPENDYNOMA

MENINGIOMA

•Weakness, paresthesia, gait difficulty, optic neuritis, diplopia, ataxia, disturbed nutrition, vertigo •Frequent headaches •Seizures •Frequent nausea & vomitting •Loss of balance/trouble walking •Seizures •Headaches that worsen with time •Memory loss •Changes in vision, such as seeing double or blurriness •Hearing loss •Weakness in your arms/legs

NEUROBLASTOMA

•Lump in the abdomen, neck or chest •Bulging eyes •Dark circles around the eyes (“black eyes”) •Bone pain •Swollen stomach & trouble breathing in infants •Painless, bluish lumps under the skin in infants •Weakness or paralysis (loss of ability to move a body part)

DISEASE

CAUSE

AFFECTATION

SPINAL CORD INJURY

Sudden severe blow to the spine. (Car accident, Spinal Cord fall, gunshot, or sporting accident. Sometimes the SC is damaged by infection/spinal stenosis

AMYOROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

Mutation of a specific gene, the SOD1 gene.

Both upper and lower motor neuron that causes degeneration of throughout the brain & SC.

SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY

Loss of the SMN1 gene from chromosome 5

Only a portion of one limb such as forearm & hand, shoulder or thigh

SPONDYLOSIS & SPONDYLO LISTHESIS

SPINAL STENOSIS

Stress fracture of the bone. (Spondylosis) degenerative changes in the IV disks & vertebral bodies (Spondyloisthesis) Defect in the pars articularis- “sliding off of vertebra”)

(Spondylolisthesis) I. Dysplastic- inf. L5 facet II. Isthmic- L5- S1 III. Degenerative- L45 followed by L3-4 IV. Traumatic- facet joints, lamina, pedicles V. Pathogenic

due to the natural Legs process of spinal degeneration that occurs with aging, caused by spinal disc herniation, osteoporosis or a tumor.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

EPENDYNOMA

MENINGIOMA NEURO BLASTOMA

Immune system attacks the central nervous system leading to demyelination

Nerve cells in the brain and in the spinal cord

Malignant cells form 4th ventricle and in the tissues of the brain septum pellucidum in and spinal cord the spinal cord meningiomas are Arachnoidal cells inactivation mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene ; radiation Malignant cells form Abdomen, chest, in the nerve tissue of the spinal cord, neck, head, adrenal gland, neck, Hip and legs chest or spinal cord

SPINA BIFIDA

Occurs when the Neural tube tissue surrounding the developing spinal cord of a fetus doesn’t close properly