ukd;uG,t f m;xm;&mtrSef ygVdawmfjrefrmjyef
owå0gtrsm;pkESifh tenf;pk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf &[ef;wkdYtm; ]]&[ef;wd kY? þZrÁL'dyfü arGUavsmfz, G faumif;aom tm&mrf? arGUavsmfz, G faumif;aom awm? arGUavsmfzG,af umif;aom ajrt&yf? arGUavsmzf G,af umif;aom a&uefonf tenf;i,frQom&Sd\/ pifppfaomfum; csKdifh0Srf;? jrihfarmufaomajr? oGm;vm& ul;&cufaomjrpf? opfikwq f ;l ajimih&f aSd omt&yf? rnDñw G af om awmifwdYo k m rsm;onfokdYyif? Munf;ukef;üjzpfaom owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfukef\/ pifppfaomfum; a&üjzpfaom owå0gwko dY m rsm;ukef\/ ]]þtwlyifvQif vlYjynfüjzpfaom owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQ om jzpfuke\ f / tyg,fbküH jzpfaom owå0gwko dY m rsm;uke\ f / rZÑdrwkdi;f Zeyk'w f Yüdk jzpfukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfuke\ f / wkdi;f pGef jynfem; Zeyk'ft&yf? opömav;yg;ukd rodEikd u f keaf om vl½kdi;f rdvu©KwkYüd jzpfaom owå0gwkdYom rsm;ukef\/}} ]]aumif;pGmqkdtyfaompum;? raumif;ojzihf qkt d yf aom pum;\ teufukd odEikd fukeaf om ynm&Sdyk*dK¾ vfwdYo k nf tenf;i,frQ omjzpfuke\ f / teufukd rodEkdifukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfuek \ f / t0dZmÆ trku d w f u dk o f Ykd a&mufukeí f awGa0ukeaf om owå0gwko Yd m rsm;ukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd zl;ajrmf&ukefaom owå0gwko Yd nf tenf;i,f rQomjzpfuke\ f / rzl;ajrmf&aom owå0gwkdYom rsm;ukef\/ ]]jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;tyfaom "r®0ed ,ukd Mum;em&ukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfuke\ f / rMum;em&aom owå0gwkYo d m rsm;uke\ f /xkdoMYd kum;em&í w&m;ukd aqmifxm;Muukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfukef\/ w&m;ukd aqmifrxm;Muukefaom owå0g wdo kY m rsm;uke\ f / aqmifxm;aom w&m;wkY\ d teufukd pHkprf;? pdppfMu ukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf tenf;i,frQom jzpfuke\ f / rpHpk rf;? rpdppfMuukef aom owå0gwkYo d m rsm;ukef\}}
]]ygVdawmfESihf t|uxmukdodí w&m;ESifah vsmfaomtusihfukd usihMf uukefaom owå0gwko dY nf tenf;i,frQomjzpfuke\ f / ygVdawmfESihf t|uxmukdodí w&m;ESiahf vsmfaom tusifu h kdrusihf Muukeaf omowå0g wkYo d m rsm;uke\ f / xdwv f efjY cif;ukd jzpfapwwfonhf Zmwdpaom taMumif; wkYüd xdwv f efYMuukeaf om owå0gwkdYonf enf;yg;ukef\/ Zmwdpaom taMumif;wkdYü rxdwv f efYMuukeaf om owå0gwkdYom rsm;ukef\/ xko d dk Y xdwv f efYukeo f nfjzpfí oihfavsmfaom taMumif;tm;jzihf tm;xkwfMu ukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf enf;yg;uke\ f / tm;rxkwMf uaom owå0gwko dY m rsm;uke\ f /}} ]]edAÁmefukd tm½HkjyKí r*fzkdvo f rm"dukd &Muukeaf om? pdw\ f wnfMunfjcif;ukd &Muukefaom owå0gwkYo d nf enf;yg;uke\ f / edAÁmefukd tm½HkjyKí r*fzkdvo f rm"dukd r&Muuke?f pdw\ f wnfMunfjcif;ukd r&Mu ukefaom owå0gwkdYom rsm;ukef\/ rGefjrwfaom xrif;? rGefjrwfaom t&omwkYu d kd &Muukeaf om owå0gwkdYonf enf;yg;ukef\/ rGefjrwfaom xrif;? t&omwkdYukd r&Muí cGufvufpJGum awmif;í&aom xrif;jzihf vnf;aumif;? opfoD;BuD;i,fjzihv f nf;aumif; rQwMu&ukeaf om owå0gwkYd om rsm;ukef\/ r*fwnf;[laom t&om? zkv d w f nf;[laom t&om? edAmÁ efwnf;[laom t&omukd &Muukeaf om owå0gwkYo d nf enf;yg;uke\ f / r*f? zkdv?f edAÁmefwnf;[laom t&omukd r&Muukeaf om owå0gwkYo d m rsm;ukef\}} ]]&[ef;wkdY? xkdokdYjzpfaomaMumihf þomoemawmfü þodkYvQif r*fwnf;[laom t&om? zkdvw f nf;[laom t&om? edAÁmefwnf;[laom t&omukd &&SdolwkdY jzpfMuuket f hH[k usihf&rnf/ &[ef;wkdY oifwdYo k nf þodkYomvQif usihf&rnff}} [k rdeYaf wmfrl\/ ø¬öµ Ú© ; ¼ Õúº §¹Ê¼ ¿©³º ¶®»º ®³¶§»º á ¥«þ®r §¹Ê¼ á °©µ© t ðöº®Í ¿«³«º Ûµ©º ¿ú屳姹±²º ñ÷ t,f'DwmwpfOD; yef;csDudkausmfokduf
APMMADA
Û󳿷´æ³¬- à ³°¬³¿·´ò²»¬ò³³
¬ôº ùÜ©³½-Õ§º jroef;pH ©³ð»º½Ø¬ôºùÜ©³ vGifjidrf;?oef;xdkufol ¬¦ÙÖ Ç𷺬ôº ùÜ©³ OD;atmifoef; ùÜÆ·¼µ ºå¦Ù°ÇÖ ²ºå®× yef;psmef ¬µ§º½-Õ§º¿úå®ÍÔå ¿ùæ±¼ öP®¼µå
®-«ºÛͳ¦Øµå§»ºå½-Ü udkausmfrif;armif ¬©Ù·ºå§»ºå½-Ü ukdarmifarmifokduf? udkausmfaomif;? a&Tpd;k [ef? ukdausmfokduf ¶§·º §¯«º±Ùôº¿úå oef;EkdifxeG f; «Ù»º§-Ô©³°³°Ü auckdirf if;rif;xGef; °Ü°Ñº¨© µ ª º §µ Ûº Í·º¸ ¶¦»º½Ç -¼¿úåø§·ºú·ºå÷ tyÜrm'pmpOf (189)?a½T0gxGef;(2)vrf;?(33)&yfuGuf? '*HkNrdKUopfajrmufykid f;? &efukeNf rdKU/ zke;f -584738 ©°º¶§²ºªØµå¶¦»ºË½-¼¿úå OD;atmifjrifh(qifawmifBuD;pmay) 41? 29vrf;(atmuf)?&efukeNf rdKU/zke;f -381834 ¨µ ©º¿ ð±´ OD;jroef;pH (NrJ-03881) (189)?a½T0gxGef;(2)vrf;?(33)&yfuGuf? '*HkNrdKUopfajrmufykid f;? &efukeNf rdKU/ zke;f -584738 §ØµÛ§Í¼ º±´ OD;armifarmifvS (05745) a&TEdkifiHyHkESdyfwku d f? trSw9f 0(pD)? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;?&efukeNf rdKU/ ¦ª·º Þ»-¬ ݱ´±® ?ZrÁLwvl?ͬ¿®tkyaf &-10000? wefzdk;-(600)usyf pmrlciG fhjyKcsuf - 3209020512 rsufESmzHk;cGihjf yKcsuf - 3207050511
¬ôºù© Ü ³½-Õ§ºÄ °«³åÑÜå c&pfESpft& wpfESpful;jyefNyD/ aumZmouú&mZft&rl wefcl;va&mufrS wpfESpful;ayrnf/ ynwfe,fy,füyifvQif wpfESpu f l;ajymif;jcif;tay: owf rSwyf Hkcsif; rwlnDMu/ b,f[mukd trSe, f l&rvJ[k ar;vmygu ae&ma'o? vlrsKd;? ywf0ef;usif? xHk;wrf;pOfvmtay:rlwnfí vl trsm;pk toHk;jyKMuonfhtay: trSe, f l&rnfom/ okdYqkv d Qif xkt d rSeo f nf tjcm;wpfae&m? tjcm;vlrsKd;? tjcm;ywf0ef;usif? tjcm;xHk;wrf;pOfvmwkdYt& owfrSwx f m;onfh tjcm;aom trSew f pfckESihf qefYusifrI jzpfraebl;vm;/ pOf;pm;p&m jzpfonf/ bmompum;awGu rwl/ aeyHkxkid fyHk? ajymyHkqkyd HkawGu rwl / tpm;taomuf a wGu rwl ? ,Hk Munf rI awGu rwl? ukd;uG, ftm; xm;&mawGuvnf; rwlMu/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh rwlwmawGcsnf;ygyJ/ urÇmah &ajra'otoD;oD;?xkrd o S nf pMu0Vmc&D;tESYH ajcqefY Munfah omf rwlwmawGu rsm;vSygbdawmif;/ uHowåad Mumifh jzpfay: cJ&h aom tusKd;ay;ESihf bHb k 0wkYu d vnf; rwlMujyef/ tyg,fav;bH?k vlYbHk? ewfbkH? jA[®mhbHk pojzifh bHkawGuvnf; oHk;q,fhwpfbHk &Sd aejyefonf/ usifvnf&m b0oHo&mc&D;twGi;f uHowåt d &? a&muf&m ae&mtoD;oD;wGif &&Scd Jhaom tusK;d ay;awG rnfrQyifuGJjym;uGJjym;? wlnDrIwpfckwnf;om&Sad Mumif; jrwf&SiAf k'¨u xkwaf zmf>rufMum;cJh \/ uk, d ht f em;uyfaevGe;f í rjrifEikd favmufatmif wdrfjrKyfjcif;ru wdrfjrKyfaeaom owå0gtm;vHk;wkY\ d wpfckwnf;aom wlnjD cif;um;]]'ku©opöm}} 'k-pufqkypf &m? c-toHk;ruswm? opöm-trSew f &m;qkd
onfukd oAÁnKwÚmPfawmfjzifh xif;xif;jrifcJhavNyD/ 'ku©opömqkdaomtusKd; bmaMumifh&/ ork',opöm[laom taMumif;aMumifh&/ b,fawmhrS 'D opömESpfyg; taMumif;tusKd;oHo&mjywfyhgrvJ/ eda&m"opömqkduf avrS .../ eda&m"opömqkdufzkdY bmvkyf&rvJ .../ jrwfAk'¨u usifhpOfw&m;ukd ay;oem;cJh\/ uk, d w f dik v f nf; xkdusifhpOfw&m;jzifhyif eda&m"opömukd tNyD;wkid f rsuaf rSmufjyKoGm;cJh NyD/ xku d sifhpOfw&m;um; r*¾opöm? r*¾if&Spfyg;? rZösdry#dy'g tv,ftvwfusiphf Of/ or®m'd|rd S tpjyKum or®morm"dtqHk; &Spjf zm r*¾if jrwfAk'¨usifhpOfum; av;euf? euf½Idi;f vSygbd/ ,HkolwdYk b0yHktyfcJhívnf; wPSmukdjzwfum jrwfaom tusih\ f ac:aqmif&m edAÁmefcsrf;om t&omukd ÚmPfjzifhojd rifoGm;cJh MuNyD/ r,HkMunfoal wG? r,HkMuao;olawGuawmh oHo&mrSm cE¨m awGjzifh tzefwpf&mausum 'ku©opömayGYydu k fí c&D;qufaeMuqJ/ ckESpfouú&mZfawG b,fvykd if ajymif;cJhajymif;cJh? bk&m;&Si\ f aemufqkH; tqHk;tr]tyÜrm'}w&m;ukd r*¾Zif;toGifjzifh taumif txnfazmf&mü twGJeyH gwfawG? trSwpf OfeyH gwfawG b,fvdyk if ajymif; cJh ajymif;cJh? ESvHk;om;\ teuf½Idif;qHk;wpfae&mü av;av;eufeuf t"dyÜg,fzGiq fh x kd m;cJNh yD;jzpfaom ]]'ku©opöm}} cE¨m? oHo&mcsKyfNidr;f &m qDokdY ]]r*¾opöm}}ukd tazmfjyKum OD;ñTwfc&D;qufaerdjcif;uyif ]]tqk;d xJu taumif;}}jzpfaerdygaMumif; ...[k/ jroef;pH 5-10-05
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¿ª³«þØ©ú³å¿©³º ®Å³°²º¯ú³¿©³º¾úµ ³åÞ«Üå
(13-4-65 &ufaeY) oBuFeftcgawmf earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/
©°ºÛÍ°ºªåص ú«º©¼·µ ºåú«º©¼·µ ºå ѧµ±º±Üª ®¿°³·º¸Û¼·µ º¿±³ºª²ºå ÛÍ°ºúÖˬ°ÛÍ·º¸¬¯Øåµ ®Í³ ±Üª¬¨´å °·ºÓ«ôº¦¼Çµ ªµ¼§¹©ôºñ
'DuaeY[m 1326-qdk wJh ESpaf [mif;u 1327-ckqkdwJh ESpfopfukd ul;ajymif;wJh oBuFef tcgawmf tpaeYjzpfw,f/oBuFef qkdwm oBuFEÅqkw d Jh ouúwbm omrS jzpfvmwJhpum;yJ? ajymif; a&TUw,fvYdk t"dyÜg,f&yd S gw,f/ 'g aMumifh ESpfa[mif;rSm tqHk;jzpf wJh rde&f moDrS ESpfopfrSmtpjzpf wJh rdó&moDokdY we*FaEGN*Kd[f qkdwJh aeN*dK[fBuD;udk ajymif;a&TU
è
wmukd oBuFefusw,f vdYq k kNd yD; jrefrmjynfrSm ESpo f pful;yGJ usif;y MuwmygyJ/ tJ'g[m ESpaf [mif; waygif;vrS ESpfopfwefcl;vokdY ajymif;a&TUwmukyd J &nf&, G yf gw,f/ 'DoBuFeu f sw,fqkdwmukd a&S;u ykPÖm;awGu pNyD; wDxiG x f m;cJh wJhtwkid f; ,ckvnf; oBuFepf m awGxJrSm ]]odMum;rif;BuD;u EGm;udkpD;NyD; vlYjynfokdYqif;vm w,f}}ponfjzifh azmfjyxm;Mu w,f/ wu,fawmh odMum;rif; BuD;u qif;vmwmr[kwyf gbl;/ aeN*d K[fBuD; ajymif;a&TUwmom [kwfygw,f/ tJ'gvnf; a&S;u t,ltqtwkd if; ajym&wmyJ/ ,ckacwf odyÜHq&mawG&JU t,l
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
tm;jzifhqkd&if urÇmajrBuD; vnf aewm ESpw f ywfjynfv h Yrkd lvae&m okYd wzefajymif;a&TUw,fvaYdk wmif qkd&rSmvkd jzpfaeygw,f/ bmyJ jzpfjzpf ESpfa[mif;ukev f Ykd ESpo f pf okYd ul;ajymif;w,fqkdwmuawmh rvGJEikd fygbl;/ 'gaMumifh oBuFef qkw d m ESpfopfajymif;wm ESpfopf ul;wmyJvkYd rSwMf u&r,f/ bk &m;vuf xufa wmf umvqDwkef;uawmh tdE´d,t v,fykd if;rSm wef aqmifrke;f v jynfhnOfhü ESpfa[mif;ukefNyD; ESpf opful;[ef &Syd gw,f/bmaMumifh vJqd&k if tJ'Dwefaqmifrke;f v jynfn h Ofhukd ]]ykP, Ö ykPrÖ m,}} vkdY omrnzvokwfu qkdxm; &mrSm olYtzGifht|uxmu]]rm oykPÖwm,-&ufoHk;q,f w vjynfah omaMumifhvnf;aumif;? OwkykPÖwm,-rk;d av;v Owk jynfhaomaMumifhvnf ;aumif ;? oH0pä&ykPw Ö m, (12)vwpfESpf jynfhaomaMumifhvnf ;aumif ;? tJ'Dwefaqmifrke;f vjynfhnOfhukd ykPÖjynfhonfrnfw,f}}vkYd zGifh jyxm;wJt h wGufaMumifyh gyJ/ tJ'D pum;xJrSm vjynfhw,fqkdwm uawmh oDwif;uRwf vjynfh ausmf (1)&ufupNyD; tJ'v D qkwf yu©rSm (tJ'gu &ufrpHkyu©jzpf wJhtwGuf) (14)&uf? wefaqmif rke;f vqef; yu©rSm (15)&uf ? aygif; (29)&ufjzpfygw,f/ 'gay r,fh wvrSm trsm;tm;jzifh &uf
oHk;q,f&dw S ht J wGuf &ufok;H q,f wpfvjynfw h ,fvyYd k J qkd&ygw,f/ Owkjynfhw,fqw kd muawmh 0gqkd vjynfhausmf (1)&ufupNyD; wef aqmif rke;f vjynf haeY nOf hoef; aumiftcsderf Sm Muwådumeu©wf ESifh v,SOfNyD; rkd;Owkav;vjynfh ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Owkvnf; jynfhw,fvYkd qkdygw,f/ ESpfjynfh w,f qkd wmuawmh t&ifES pf wefaqmifrke;f vjynfah usmf(1)&uf upNyD; tJ'Da&muf qJESpf wef aqmifrke;f vjynfhaeY nOfhrSm(12) v? wpfESpfjynfhwmukyd J qkdyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'Domrnzv okwftzGif h t|uxmt&tm; jzifh [kad cwf? [kdtcgwke;f utJ'D tdE´d,tv,fykdif;t&yfrSm wef aqmif rke;f vjynf haeYnOfhü ESpf a[mif;rSESpo f pf ul;ajymif;w,f vkdY od&ygw,f/ taemufwdik f; Oa&my wkdufom;awGuawmh trsm;od NyD;jzpfwht J wkdif; 'DZifbmv(31) &ufnOfhrSm ESpfa[mif;rSESpfopf ul;w,f vkd Y tod trSwfjyKMu w,f/ olwkdY[muawmh ude;f aoyJ/ wGurf ae&awmhbl;/ 'D Zifbm (31)&uf nOfhoef;aumif qkd&if ESpfa[mif;ukefNyD; ESpfopf ulawmhwmyJ/ olwdYk ESpfopful; yHk[m odv, G w f ht J wGuf aumif; w,fvYdk qkdb, G &f yd S gw,f/ jrefrm ESpfopful;uawmh tJ'Dvdk odzkdY rvG,b f ;l / aA'ifwwfwhJ yk*¾dKvf
ç
awGu wGucf suNf yD; pm&Gufpm wrf; ½dkufESdyfjzefYa0rS trsm;u od&w,f/ 'gaMumifh odzYrkd vG,f bl;/ 'gayr,fh aA'ifued ;f cef;t& rdepf puúeYt f xd wdwu d susod& wJhtwGuf 'Djrefrm ESpfopful;u vnf; csD;rGrf;bG,*f kPfESihf jynfhpHk ygw,f/ ,ckESpo f BuFefqkd&if aESmif;wef cl;vqef; (12)&uf (,aeY)nae (5)em&D? (19)rdepf? (9)puúeYt f csed f oBuFefusw,f wJh/ aeN*dK[fBuD;pNyD; &moDajymif; wJhtcsdef ygyJ/ aemuf NyD;awmh aESmif;wefcl;vqef; (14)&ufaeY n (10)em&D? (3)rdepf? (49)puúeYf tcsdef 27-ckESpfoYkd ul;ajymif;r,f wJh/ tJ'Dn (10)em&D? (3)rdepf? (49)puúeYt f csddeu f pNyD; 1327ckESpfopfjzpfr,fvYdk qkdvydk gw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ESpaf [mif;ukef vkdY ESpfopful;wJhtcgrSm Ak'¨om oem0ifawG taeeJYqd&k if rdrdwkYd oEÅmefrSm oDvtxl;pifpifMu,f Mu,feJY ESpo f pful;zkdY vkdygw,f/ wpf ESpv f Hk; &ufwkid f;&ufwk id f; OykofoDv rapmifEh ikd faomfvnf; ESpf&JUtpESiht f qHk;rSm oDvtxl; pifMu,fzYkd vkyd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨omoem0ifjzpfMuwJh trsKd; orD;? trsKd;om; olawmfaumif; awG[ m ,ck ES p f tpuvnf ; OykofoDvapmifhcJhMuNyD/ ckESpft qHk;rSmvnf; OykofoDvapmifhMu w,f/ 'Dawmh wpfESpfvHk;tpESifh tqHk; Oyko f oDv pif Mu,fwJh
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
*kPfESihf jynfhpHkMuwmaygh/ wcsKUd u 'DoBuFef&uftwGif;rSm (1) &uf? (2)&uf? (3)&uf Oykof aqmuf wnf usifhoHk ;Muw,f / wcsKdUutBudKtykdYESihw f uG (5) &uf aqmuf wnfusif hoHk ;Mu w,f/ ta&;tBuD;qHk;uawmh ESpfopful;wJhtcsderf Sm oDvpif Mu,fwJh*kPfESifh jynfhpHkaezkdYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh oBuFeu f swh&J ufupNyD; OykofoDvrapmifhEkdiaf wmif t wmwufNyD; ESpfopful;wJhaemuf qHk;&ufawmh rysufruGuf Oykof apmifhoifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wcg wpf &H twmwufwJhtcsd efu oef;acgifausmfavmufrSm wuf wmvnf;&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dvkd qd&k if awmh twmrwuf cif tvsif waeYupNyD; apmifhzkdYvdyk gw,f/ wwfEkid f&ifawmh oBuFeftusaeY upNyD ; twuf a eY xd a tmif apmifhwmu omNyD; aumif;yg w,f/ ,cktrsm;tm;jzifh 'Dt wkdi;f yJ apmifhaeMuygw,f/tJ'g xuf wwfEikd af o;&ifawmh tBudK aeYESihf ESpfqef;wpf&ufyg apmifh Ekid &f ifomNyD; aumif;ygao;w,f/ ESpf qef;wpf &uf qkdwm twm wufonfhtcsed u f pNyD; ESpo f pf ESpfqef; jzpfwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh tJ'DtwmwufwJhaeYu wpf&uf rjynfhbJ wykdi;f wpavmufom jzpf wJhtwGuf twmwuf N yD ; aemufwpf&ufusrS ESpq f ef;wpf &ufvdYk todtrSwjf yKxm;Muyg
w,f/
wpfyg;oEÅmefrmS a&m wurÇmvH;k ,ckvdk ESpfa[mif; ESpf rSma&m 'DESpo f pftwGif;rSm ab; opful;wJhtcg OykofoDvESipfh if &ef tEÅ&m,fawGuif;NyD; aumif; pifMu,fMu,f usifhoHk;aeMu& usK;d csrf;omawGukd &zkY&d mygyJ/ tJ wm[m cspfuRrf;0ifwJh rdwaf qG 'D v k d ab;tEÅ&m,f u if ; NyD ; rsm;ukd vku d yf dY&k wm BudKqk&d wm aumif;usKd;csrf;om jzpfyGm;ygap eJY wlygw,f/ ukd,ht f &yf udk,hf vkYv d nf; qkreG faumif;awmif;& XmerS jyefomG ;wJh rdwaf qGrsm;ukd w,f/ vkdufykdYwJhtcg oefY&Sif;pifMu,f tJ'Dvkd aumif;usKd;csrf; wJh t0wfrsm;ukd0wfNyD; &Tifvef; om jzpfymG ;zkdY&m 'um? 'umr d w f &m;awGukd t 0rf;ajrmufpmG eJY vku d yf YMkd u&w,f/ awGu ukokv tJ'gvkdyJ ,ckESpaf [mif;ukefwJh xl;ojzifh wkd;yGm;atmif BudK;pm; tcg Oyk ofa pmif hMu&wm[m tm;xkwaf eMuwJhtcgrSm bke;f BuD; ukeo f mG ;wJh ESpfa[mif;ukd oDv wkYu d vnf; wwfEkdio f rQ ulnD pifMu,fpGmESihf &Ti&f TifysysEIwq f uf tm;ay;Mu&w,f/ "r®mEk*¾[t MuwJhoabmygyJ/ukd,t hf &yfXme aejzifh w&m;a[mNyD; csD;ajrSmuf vmwJhrdwaf qGrsm;ukd BudKqkw d Jh Mu&w,f/ 'gaMumif h 'DuaeY tcgrSmvnf; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fwhJ oBuFew f &m;ukd a[m&r,f/,ck t0wfrsm;ukd0wfNyD; &Tifvef;0rf; bk ef ;BuD;owif;pOf a [maewJh ajrmufpGmeJY EIwq f ufBudKqkMd u& w&m;uawmh ouúyOSmokwf w,f/ tJ'gvkyd J ,ckEpS fopfrvm w&m;ukd a[maeqJjzpfygw,f/ rDuwnf;u OykofoDvapmifho;Hk 'gayr,fh 'DuaeYawmh 'Dw&m; aeMu&wm[m vmrnfhESpfopf ukd ra[mbJ ,ckaetcgrSmt ukd oDvpifMu,fpmG ESifh &Tif&iT fys rsm; em;vnfNyD; usifhoHk;aewJh ys EIwq f ufBudKqkMd uwJh oabm w&m;ukd a[m&r,f/ bmw&m; ygyJ/ vJqkd&if avmuvlwidk ;f owå0g aemufNyD;awmh oDvpif wkdi;f eJq Y kdiw f hJ ]]avmu"Hw&m;}} Mu,f½w Hk iG v f nf; ruao;ygbl;/ ygyJ/ 'geukokdvaf wGvnf; wwfprG f; EkdiforQ jyKMu&ao;w,f/ bm ¿ª³«þد¼© µ ³ 0emukokdvaf wGvnf; yGm;rsm;Mu avmu"Hqw kd m avmu &ao;w,f/ tJ'Dvkd 'ge? oDv? "r®qkw d Jh ygVdrSjzpfvmwhJ trnf bm0emukokdvaf wGeJY ESpfopfukd jzpfw,f/ avmuqkw d m owå BudKqkd&wm[m tifrwefaumif; avmu? ocFg&avmu? Moum ygw,f/ rdrdwYdk oEÅmefrSma&m ol oavmutm;jzifh oHk;rsKd;&Sw d ,f/
ïð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
±½Ú¹ú¿ª³« ¯µ© ¼ ³«¿©³¸ cµ§ºá»³®ºá±½Ú¹ú©ú³å ¬¿§¹·ºå§¹§Öñ ±©;𹿩ÙúÖ˱Û[³»º« cµ§ºá»³®ºá±½Ú¹ú ©ú³å¬¿§¹·ºå§¹§Öñ ±©;𹿩ÙúÖË ±Û[³»º« cµ§ºá »³®ºá ±½Ú¹ú©ú³å¿©Ùª²ºå ±½Ú¹ú¿ª³«§Öñ
owå avmuqkdwm owå0gt aygif;ukd ac:wmyJ/ owå0gwpf a,mufwpfa,muf[m avmu wpfckwpfckygyJ/ vlwpfa,muf [m avmuwpfckyJ/ ewfwpf a,mufvnf; avmuwpfckyJ/ rde;f rwpf a,muf vnf ;wpfckyJ/ uRJEGm;tp&Sw d hJ wd&pämeffawGvnf;
wpfaumifwpfaumif[m avmu wpfckwpfckyJ/ twkdcsKyftm;jzifh faumifwpfaumif [m avmuwpfck wpf ck ygyJ/ owå0gawGtm;vHk;udkvnf;aygif; NyD; owåavmuvkdY ac:&w,f/ Moumoavmuqkw d m uawmh tJ'Dowå0gwkdY&JU wnf ae&m XmeawGygyJ/ vlYbHk? ewf bHk? jA[®mhbHkqkdwJhwnf&m Xme awGygyJ/ i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tyg,fowå0gwkdY\ wnf&mXme awGvnf; MoumoavmubJ? 'gayr,f h wd&pämefNyd wå mwkdY&JU wnf&mXmeuawmh vlwY\ dk wnf &m ajrBuD;ay:rSmyJ&daS eygw,f/ woD;wjcm;&,fvkYad wmh r&Sb d ;l / 'gayr,fh olwY&kd UJ wnfae&m[m olwkdY&JU Moumoavmuaygh/ ocFg&avmuqkdwmu awmh ½ky?f emrf? ocFg&w&m;t aygif;ygyJ/ owå0gawG&UJ oEÅmef u ½kyf?emrfocFg&w&m;awGvnf; ocFg&avmuyJ/ owå0gwkdY\ wnf&majrBuD;? opfyif? awm? awmif? bHkAdrmef? a&? av? rD; ponfh A[d'o ¨ EÅmefu ½kyw f &m; awGvnf; ocFg&avmuyJ/ twkd csKyftm;jzifh ouf&d?S oufrh?J ½ky?f emrf w&m;[lorQ[m ocFg& avmucsnf;ygyJ/ ,cka[mrnfh avmu "r®yk'frSmyg0ifwJh avmuqkdwm uawmh tJ'DavmuoHk;yg;xJu owåavmuuko d m qkv d ydk gw,f/
ïï
'gaMumifh avmuqkw d mu owå0g awG?"r®qkw d mu w&m;?avmu "r®qkw d m owå0gawGrSm rvTJr a&SmifomyJ tNrJawGUxd cHpm;ae MuwJh w&m;awGygyJ/tJ'Davmu "r®ac:wJh avmu"Hw&m;uk d jrwfpGmbk&m;u tusOf;?tus,f okw(f 2)cktjzpfeJY a[mawmfrlcJh ygw,f/ oH*g,emwif rax&f jrwf a wGu tJ 'D o kwf r sm;ukd t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf t|uedygwf rSm oH*g,emwifxm;awmfrlcJh Muygw,f/ tJ'D (2)okwfxJu tus,o f kwu f kd bke;f BuD;u ygVd rl&if;twkdif; &GwfjyNyD; teuf t"dyÜg,fajymoGm;r,f/
¿ª³«þر © µ º §¹Ê¼ t|dar bdu©a0 avm u"r®m avmuH tEky&d0wåEdÅ? a vmau m p £ ar t| avmu"ar® tEky&d0wåw/d bd u©a 0? &[ef ;wd kY / t|?&Spfyg;ukeaf om/£aravmu "r®m? þavmu"Hw&m;wkYo d nf/ avmuH? owå0gtaygif;[laom avmuuk/d tEky&d0wåEÅ?d tpOf rjywf vkdufvsuf&u Sd ke\ f / avm aump? owå0gtaygif;[laom avmuonfvnf;/ £ar t| avmu"r®? þ&Spyf g;aom avm u"Hw&m;wdkYukd/ tEky&d0wåw?d tpOfrjywfvdu k fvsu&f \ Sd / avmuac:wJh owå0g awGeJYqdkifwJh avmu"Hw&m;awG
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
[m &Spyf g;&Syd gw,fwh/J tJ'Davm u"Hw&m;awGu avmuac:wJh owå0gawGaemufukd waumuf aumuf tpOfruGmvkdufygaeyg w,fwJh/ vlu aeylxJavQmuf oGm;ae&if t&dyfu tNrJygaeyg w,f/ tJ'Dt&d yu f kd rvkdufyg atmif rwm;jrpfEkdib f l;/ tJ'gvkd yJ avmu"Hw&m;awGu owå0g awGaemuf tpOfrjywfvdu k fae w,f/ owå0gawGuvnf; tJ'D avmu"Hw&m;awGaemufukd t pOfrjywfvdu k af eygw,fwh/J avm u"H w&m;awGeJYawGU &atmif wrifvdu k f&SmaeovkdygyJ/wrif vnf; vkduf&SmaeMuygw,f/
¿ª³«þØ©ú³å øè÷§¹å uwar t|? vm abm p tvmabm p ,aom p t,aom p edE´m p yoHom p okcOö 'ku©Oö/ uwar t|? tb,f &Spfyg;wkYdenf; [lru l m;/vmabm p? vmbf&jcif;u wpfyg;/tvm abmp? vmbfr&jcif;u wyg;/ ,aomp? ta>ct&Hrsm;jcif;u wyg;/ t,aomp? ta>ct&H rJhjcif;u wpfyg;/ edE´mp? uJh&JU jcif;? tuJ&h UJc&H jcif;uwyg;/ yoH omp? csD;rGrf;jcif;? tcsD;rGrf;cH& jcif;uwyg;/ okcOö? csr;f omjcif; uwpfyg;/ 'ku©Oö? qif;&Jjcif;u wyg;/
avmu"Hw&m; &Spyf g; qkdwm vmbf&wmeJY vmbfr& wm 'D(2)yg;u wpHk? ta>ct&H rsm;wmeJY ta>ct&Hrw Jh m 'D(2)yg; u wpHk? tuJh&JUcH&wmeJY tcsD; rGrf;cH&wm 'D(2)yg;uwpHk? csrf; omeJY qif;&J 'D(2)yg;uwpHk? 'D (4)pHk 'D&pS yf g;ygyJ/ 'D&Spfyg;xJrSm taumif;u (4)yg;ygw,f/tqkd; uvnf; (4)yg;ygw,f/taumif; (4)yg;udkawmh vlawGuBudKufMu w,f/ tvk&d w Sd ,f? tqkd;(4)yg; ukdawmh rBudKufMubl;/ tvkdr&Sd Mubl;/ tJ'DrSm vmb vmbf &jcif;qkdwmu bmvJvkdYqkd&if ESpfoufp&m? vkdcsifp&m? toHk; uswJh 0w¬Kypön;f awGu&dk wmyg yJ/ vlawGrSmqkd&if a&T? aiG? pde?f ausmuf? uRJ? EGm;? qif? jrif;? qef? pyg;? t0wftxnf?,mOf? &xm;? tdrf,mtp&SdwJh 0w¬K ypön;f awGu&dk wm[m vmbf& wmyJ/ yifyifyef;yef;&SmBuHvkyf ukid fvkYd &wmjzpfap? r&SmBuH&bJ uHtm;avsmf pmG tvG,fwuleJY &wmjzpfap? vmbf&w,fvkYyd J qkd&w,f/ rsm;rsm;&vQif omNyD; aumif;wmyJ/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; awG acsmacsmarmarm atmif jrifNyD; &aeMuwmawG[m vmb -vmbf&wmawGygyJ? &[ef;rsm; rSmawmh qGr;f ? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq; ypön;f (4)yg;ukd &wm[m vmbf&wmawGygyJ/
ïî
±´¿©³º¿«³·ºå°¼©úº © ¼Í ¸Ö ±´®³Í ¿©³¸ ŵ©®º Í»© º ¸« Ö µ¼ôº¸¬¶§°º «µ¿¼ ¶§³ú·º ¬±·º¬ ¸ ©·º¸ ÛͪµåØ ±Ù·ºå©Ö¸ ¿ô³»¼¿±³®»±¼«³ú»ÖÇ ¬¿©³º¬©»º¿©³¸ ±²ºå½ØÛ¼·µ © º ©º§¹©ôºñ ù¹¿§®ôº¸ «Öú¸ ËÖ ©³«¼¿µ ©³¸ ¬®-³å¬³å¶¦·º¸ ¬ªµ¼®úͼ©³ ®Þ«¼Õ«º©³«§Ö ®-³å§¹©ôºñ
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
tvmb-vmbfr&jcif; qkd wmuawmh ckeuajymcJhwJh pD;yGm;a&; Opöm&wemawG toHk; taqmifypön;f awGudk r&wmeJY &NyD;om; pD;yGm;Opömypön;f awGqHk; ½HI;? ysufpD;wmawGygyJ/ tJ'DrSm olrsm;awGawmh &Muw,f/uk, d hf rSmawmh BudK;pm;tm;xkwyf gvsuf eJY r&bl;qk&d if pdwyf sufp&m 0rf; enf;p&myJ/ tJ'gxuf &NyD;om; ypön;f awG &efolrsK;d ig;yg; ponf aMumifh wenf;enf;eJY ysufpD; qHk;½I;H oGm;&w,fq&kd if omNyD; epf emw,f / omNyD;0rf;enf ;p&m aumif;w,f/ tJ'D&NyD;om;awG ysufpD;oGm;wmukdvnf; tvmb vmbfr&jcif;vkdYyJ qkd&ygw,f/ tJ'v D mbf&jcif;eJY vmbf r&jcif;qkdwJh wpHkxJrSm vmbf& jcif;qkdwmukad wmh vlwkid f;? &Sif wkdif; BudKufMuw,f/ b,fenf; eJYyJ&& BudKufMuw,f/ w&m; ojzif h &&ifvnf;Bud KufwmyJ/ rw&m;ojzifh&&ifvnf; vlrdkuf awGu BudKufMuwmyJ/ vmbfr& jcif; qkdwmudkawmh tvkdr&SdMu? rBudKufMubl;/ acwfa[mif;0g' &SdwJhvlawGuvnf; rBudKufMu bl;/ acwfopf0g'&SdwhJ vlawGu vnf; rBudKufMubl;/ txl;tm; jzifh &NyD;? &SNd yD;jzpfwJh ypön;f Opöm awG ysufpD;qHk;yg;oGm;wmukd t vkdr&SdMu? rBudKufMuqHk;ygyJ/ ,o-ta>ct&Hrsm;jcif; qkdwmu tdrfaxmifbufukd &
wm? rdwaf qGo*F[ taygif;t azmfawGuk&d wm? wynfhy&dowf MoZmcHyk*¾dKvfawGuk&d wm? 'Dvkd ta>ct&HawGud&k NyD; tJ'Dta>c t&HawGeJY jynfhpHkwmukd qkdwmyg yJ/ t,o-ta>ct&HrjJh cif; qkdwmuawmh tJ'Dvdk ta>ct &HeJY rjynfhpHkwm? &NyD;om; ta>c t&HawG ysufp;D qHk;½IH;oGm;wm tJ 'gawGudk qkw d mygyJ/ 'D,oeJY t,oqkdwJh wpkHxJrSm ,o-ta>ct&Hrsm; wmukd BudKufMuw,f/ wukd,f wnf; ae&mu tdrfaxmifbuf &wmukdvnf; BudKufMuw,f/ tJ'Duaemuf om;orD;awG & vmwmukdvnf; BudKufMuw,f/ rdwaf qGo*F[ taygif;toif; awG&wmudv k nf; BudKufMuw,f/ wynfhy&dowfawGukd &wmvnf; BudKufMuw,f/ rdrd\MoZmcHy&d owfawG rsm;rsm;&avav BudKuf MuavavyJ/ t,oqkw d Jh t a>ct&HrJhwmudkawmh rBudKufMu bl;/ &oifhwJh taygif;toif; rdwaf qGo*F[ wynfhy&dowf ukd r&&if rBudKufMubl;/ &NyD; om; rdwaf qGo*F[ wynfhy&dowf awG ysufpD;qHk;yg;oGm;&ifawmh tvGefYtvGefyJ pdwEf SvHk; rcsrf; romjzpfwwfMuw,f/tJ'DtxJ rSm tdraf xmifbufjzpfwhJ olawG uGJjym;ysufpD;oGm;&if tqk;d qHk; ygyJ/
ïí
aemufNyD;awmh ed E´muJh&UJ jcif;? yoHom-csD;rGrf;jcif;qkd wJh wwd, tpHkxJu uJh&JUw,f qkw d mudk rBudKufMubl;/r[kwf bJeJYjzpfap? [kwv f Yjkd zpfap uk, d hf ukd uJh&JU&if rBudKufwwfMubl;/ onf;rcHEikd fwwfMubl;/ olawmf aumif;pdwrf &SdwJholqk&d if [kwf vkYu d Jh&UJ wmukd omNyD; emwwfMu w,f/ temay: 'kwu f sw,fqkd wmvkyd J [kwfrSew f Jh ukd,ht f jypf ukd olrsm;odatmif xkwaf zmf ajym&rvm;vkYd pdwt f emBuD;em wwfw,f/ olawmfaumif;pdw&f SdwJh olrSmawmh [kwfrSew f hu J kd,ht f jypf ukdajym&if toifhtwifh ESvHk; oGif;wJh a,medaom reodum& eJY tawmftwefawmh onf;cHEikd f wwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh uJh&UJ wm udkawmh trsm;tm;jzifh tvkrd &Sd wm rBudKufwmuyJ rsm;ygw,f/ vlBuD;yJjzpfjzpf? vli,fyJjzpfjzpf? uJh&JUwmudkawmh rBudKufwmuyJ rsm;ygw,f/yoHom-csD;rGrf;w,f qdkwmudkawmh trsm;uBudKufMu w,f/ r[kwfwJh*kPfeJY csD;rGr;f wmawmif pdwrf qk;d bl;? r[kwf rSe;f odvsuef JY NyHK;NyD;vufcHwwf Muao;wmyJ/ qufvufazmfjyygrnf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¿úÍ ¸±³Ù 忽¹·ºå¿¯³·º°¼©º ©ú³å¿©³º ®µå¼ «µ©¯ º ú³¿©³º¾úµ ³åÞ«åÜ ïì
(,cifvrStquf ) tarmqku d fvnf;vkduf aewmyJ? a&m*gBuD;eJYvnf; vku d f ae&wmyJ/ ruif;w&m;ygbk&m;/ raumif;wwfvYydk gbk&m;eJY ½Iyfae wmyJ/ ruif;w&m;awG?raumif; w&m;awGeYJ vku d v f du k fwhJ jzpfjcif; [m wpfcgwnf; &xm;eJYvkduf& w,f/ av,mOfysHeYv J du k f&w,f/ atmufu ajcvsifeJYvdu k &f w,f qkw d hJ udpaö wG[m bmxifowHk;? om;aumifajcmufaumifoef&m qGo J Gm;wm rEkdiv f Ydk vku d af e& wm &Sif;MuNyDvm;/ pdwrf Ekid fwJhtwGuf cif Asm;wkdY[m ckdifNrJwJhoabmwnf wHhwJhoabmr&Sb d l;qkdwm ao csmMuNyDvm;/ at; ..'gaMumifh ]]pdwå'H EÅHokcg0[H}}qkw d hJ Opöm 'D aeY pdwåH=pdwu f kd 'EÅH=,Ofaus; atmif qHk;rNyD;onf&Sdaomf?okcg 0[H=ed AÁmefukd &Gufaqmifonf a[mwd=jzpf\qkw d m a[m&wm yJ/ pdwfud, k Ofaus;atmif vkyNf yD; oluckd dkif;vkY&d &Sd if edAÁmef a&mufomG ;rSmyJ/ olutm½HkjyK& wmuk;d / edAÁmeftm½HkjyKwmupdwf yJ/ uJ-'gjzifh om;aumif ajcmufaumifyJ ausmif;aevm;? uk, d cf ikd f;wJhqDukd pdwu f kdvdu k fEdik f &atmif vkyrf vm;vkdY ar;zkYt d csdeaf &mufvmygNyD/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
om;aumifajcmufaumif qGJ&maemufvdu k frvm;? ukd,af e apcsifwhJ ae&mrSm'Dom;aumif (6)aumifukd aeapzkdYvkyrf vm; qkdwJh tcsdeaf &mufvmNyD/ 'gjzifh oluEkd ikd fatmif usKyfwu Ykd ikw½f u dk Nf yD; om;aumif ajcmufaumifukd uGi;f BuD;vkyfNyD; ikwpf kdufNyD; csnfxm;&vkdY&Sd&if om;aumifawG armawmh wkdif ajcvmNyD; 0yfMuawmhr,f/ wkd iaf jcvm0yf wJhtcg usawmh udk,u f Ekdiw f ,fvYkd rqkd Ekid fbl;vm;/ tJ'Dawmh uk, d hpf dwf ukd,Ef kdirf SomvQif &r,fqkdwm? aoaocsmcsmrSwyf g? &Sif;MuNyD vm;/ tJ'g t*FkwåKd &fygVdawmf rSm tJ'Dtwkid f;vmNyD; oumv aeawmh aMomf 'Dw&m;awG 'Dvkd od&awmhrSm [kwaf yom;yJ/wkdY rSm ajcmuf a yguf x J u b,f t aygufrSvnf; rEkdifbl;/ oef&m qGJNyD; qGJ&mvkduaf ewmyJ/ ray: Muao;bl;vm;/ ,aeYjzifw h dik w f pfckawmh ay;xm;OD;rSmyJ? olwYu kd kd ukd,u f Ekid fatmif olwkdY[m 'Dwkdifajcukd vm0yfMu&atmif ukd,rf Sm ay: wJhpw d u f av;ukdyJ 'Dpdwu f kd wkid f ajcvky&f atmif pdwåmEkyóem ukd ½IMuyg/ pdwåmEkyóemqkd awmhtJ'Dpw d f (6)ckay:wkdif; ay:wkdif; 'um? 'umrawGu
jzpfysuf½I&r,f? pdwaf y:wkid f;ay: wkid ;f jzpfysu½f &I r,fqw kd hJ t"dygÜ ,f &Sif;&JUvm;/ b,fpdww f Hk;ar;vkdY&Sd &if cifAsm;wkdYrSm ay:wJhpw d rf od vkYd jzpfygvdrhrf ,f/cifAsm;wkYo d EÅmef ü t&d,mpdwrf ay:ygbl;/ ykxZk OfrYd k ykxZk Ofpw d af y: awmh ykxkZOfpdw[ f loa&GU[m vnf; r½Iaumif;wJhpdwf &S&d JUvm; r&Sdb;l wJh/ b0ifpdwcf sefvyS ?f usef wmawG tuke½f I? oabmusNyD vm;/ b0ifpdwf csev f Syq f kdwm uawmh b0ifpdwu f tdyfpdwf ukd;/ ukd,t f yd fwmrS uk, d rf od awmh ol½IzdYk rvkyd gbl;/ ay:vm wJhpw d af wG[loa&GUukd jrif pdwf vm? jrifpdw½f I? Mum;pdwv f m? Mum;pdw½f I/ ½Ivk u d fwJhtcgusawmh 'Dpdwaf wGu olv&kd mNyD;Ekdifao; &JUvm;/ rNyD;Ekid fwht J cgusvY&dk d&S if jzifh olYaemufvdu k fawGvnf; 'D ae&mwPSmvnf; 'Dae&m 0yf ay;&rSmyJ/ a'goa&m 'Dae&mwGif rvmbJao&r,f/ arm[a&m? olvnf;rvmbJeJY ao&r,f/ tJ'Dawmhukd 'um?'um rwkYd 0dyóemÚmPfonf cifAsm; wkdY pdwaf wGukd tNcHt&HESihw f uG owfEkdiw f ,f Ekdiaf tmifvkyEf kdif w,fqkdwm olta&;BuD;w,f/ olta&;BuD;w,f pdwf udkEkdifwJh 0dyóemÚmPfyJ usKyf wkdYrSm ckdukd;&mtm;xm;&m&Sdw,f ukd; pdwåmEkyóem[m om;
ïë
aumifajcmufaumifwkY\ d csnf wkid fyJ pdww f pfvHk;ukd ½IaevkY&d Sd &ifjzifh 'Dpdwaf wG[m ajyEkid fao; &JUvm;/ a>reJYwlwJh rsufpdpdw?f rdausmif;eJYwlwJh em;pdw?f iSufeJY wlwJh ESmacgif;pdw?f tdrfacG;eJYwl wJh vQmpdw?f awmacG;eJYwlwJh uk, d pf dw?f arsmufeYw J w l hJ BuHpnf pdw?f 'gukd wpfcgwnf; usKyfwdkY u vmorQ jzpfysuf½Iae/ vmorQ jzpfysuf½INyD; oumvaeawmh owd xm;NyD; owdwnf;[laom csnfwkid frSm owdwnf;[laom w&m;eJYcsnf xm;vkdufwJhtcgusawmh ckeu wPSmBudK;awG[m wef;vef;BuD; ajy;ao;&JUvm;/ wPSmOyg'gefuH BudK;awGua&m vkdufao;&JUvm;? aomuy&da'0 a'greóBudK; awGa&m? t0dZÆmocFg&BudK;awG a&m/ rvku d fawmhukd wpfcg wnf; 'um? 'umrwkdY pdwåmEk yóemcsnfwkid frSm r*¾ifajc&if; rSm acgif;pif;NyD; aoMuwmyJ? oabmusNyDvm;/ r*¾ifwnf;[laom usm; atmuf rSm 0d nmPf aysmufMu w,fqkd&ifa&m rSew f myJ/ pdwf wnf;[laom csnfwkid fatmuf rSmyJ ckeu wPSmwnf;[laom BudK;awG[mvnf; 'Dae&mrSmyJyHk NyD; oumv aqG;Mu? jrSKyfMurSm yJ/ t0dZmÆ wnf;[laom txHk;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
BuD;[mvnf; 'Dae&mrSmyJ ajy& rSmyJqkdwm r*fu 0dZmÆ jzpfw,f? wPSmBudK;uawmh r*fÚmPfu jzwfjypfvdu k w f ,faemf/ 'gjzif h r*f0dZÆmvrf ;eJY wPSmBudK;ukdjzwfwJhtvky?f o abmusNyDvm;/ jrifpdwu f vnf; jrifpdwjf zpfysu½f I? Mum;pdwv f m vnf; Mum;pdwjf zpfysuf½IygqkdNyD; q,fhESpfcsufay;xm;wJh teuf u tNrJ½I&rSmvnf; ygygw,f/ ay:rS½&I rSmvnf; ygygw,fqw kd m u pdwåmEkyóemtjzpf ay:Mu NyDvm;/ wPSmOyg'gef uH awG a&m aooGm;NyD? a'go? aomu awGa&m aooGm;ygNyD/ t0dZmÆ ocFg&awGa&m aooGm;ygNyD/'DrmS yJ tJ'DBudK;awG ork',opömawG tukecf sKyfygw,fqkdwm oabm ygNyDvm;/ wkYd tvky o f nfum;vk dY qkd&if pdwåmEkyóemcsnfwdik fxJ rSm y#dpöorkyÜg'foHk;rsKd;aovkdY &Sd &ifjzif h 'um? 'umrawGjzpf aMumif;awG aooGm;NyD/ 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork', opömawG y#dpöorkyÜg'fum;csyf&JU wwd,tuGuf (3)eHygwfrmS Munfh wPSm? Oyg'gef? uH? a'go? aomu? t0dZmÆ ocFg&qkdwJh ork ',opömonf ESpfuGupf vHk;ao w,fvdYk rSwv f du k fyg/ twdwf [mvnf; ypöKyÜex f 0J ifaowmyJ/ aoawmhudk ork',
[loa&GUrSm pdwåmEkyóemwnf; [laom "r®ukd½Ivdu k fwJhtwGuf r*f0dZmÆ u BudK;ukjd zwfNyD;oGm;wJh twGuf t0dZÆmuwPSmcsKyf yg w,f/ 'gt0dZmÆ wPSmcsKyfawmh rS tJ'Dt0kdif;BuD;&SdwJh tv,frSm t0d ZÆmwPSm0if½d k;vkdY rygbl; vm;/ y#dpo ö rkyÜg'ft0kid f;BuD;[m t0dZmÆ wPSm? tJ'D0if½dk;udk usKd; oGm;w,f/ oHo&mvSnfhwJh 0if½k;d BuD; usKd;oGm;w,f/ 0if½dk;usKd; awmh ckeu ynmbdocFg&qkdwJh tuefYawG tyknmwdocFg&tm aeOömbd ocFg&qkdwJh tuefYawG [m olY[molyHkusw,f/ 0if½k;d usKd;ya&m/ 0if½k;d usK;d awmh vSnhEf ikd f ao;&JUvm;/ rvSnhEf ikd af wmh yHu k s w,f/ Z&m? r&Pwnf;[laom tuGyfawGvnf Ekid fao;&JUvm;/ rvnfEkdiaf wmh aMomf 'gaMumifh t0dZmÆ eJY wPSmukd pdwmå Ekyóem ½Iwt hJ cg ÚmPfu wPSmukdawmh jzwfw,f/ t0dZmÆ ukdawmh 0dZmÆ jzpfapw,f/ 'guav; ESpv f Hk; rSwyf g/ 'gjzifh cifAsm;wk(Yd 2)eHygwf tuGufrmS &SdwhJ pdw[ f m bmopöm wHk ;qkdawmh 'ku©opömjzpfav awmh tJ'D'ku©opöm(2)eHygwft uGuMf um;xJuaeNyD; oumv q&mbkef;BuD;ajymxm;w,f/a&; xm;w,f/ r*foGif;vkdufyg/ r*f
ïê
oGif;vku d fwt hJ cgusawmh bmjzpf oGm;owHk;vkdY ar;wJhtcgusawmh 'um? 'umrawG r*foiG f;vkduf awmh omoemwGi;f a&mufw,f r*froGif;&if omoemy/ omoem ig;axmift wGif;rSm usKyfwdYak 0'emeJY wPSm Mum;rSm y#dpöorkyÜg'fMunfhvdu k f awmh r*foiG f;Ekdiw f Jh yk*¾Kd vfu omoemwGi;f yk*¾dKvfrsm;yJ/ 0dyóemr*foGi;f Ekid &f if? omoemwGi;f roGi;f EkdifwhyJ k*¾dKvf [m omoemyqkdwm ay:vmNyD vm;/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DxJrSmtck w&m;emaeMuwJh Opömawmfawmf rsm;w,f/ ½Iae&if omoemwGif; a&mufaew,f/ r½I&if omoemh jyifbufa&mufaew,f/ omoemwGif;w&m;u 0dyóemtprSm omoemwGif; tpukd &Sif;NyDvm;/ tJ'Dawmh 'ge? oDvuav;eJY 'um? 'umrawG u wif;wdrNf yD; raebJeJY? om oemwGif;tvkyaf wGukv d nf; vkyf rSomvQif omoem\t&dyfukd ckd &rSm okdYr[kwfvdY&k Sd&ifjzifh om oem\t&dyfjzpfwJh edAÁmefwnf; [laom t&dyfatmufa&mufEdik f yghrvm;/ a'0DvwkdY tm|m&? O 'uwkYd bk&m;ryGifhcif omoem &Sdovm;? r&Sdayr,fh 'ge? oDv orxawGu &Sad ew,f/ tJ'D awmh 'DMum;xJrSm r*foiG f;ygqkd wJh toGm;rygbl; (2)eJY (3)tul;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
rSm r*f0ifygqkw d hJ toGm;ukd b,f olrS ra[mEkdifbl;? &Sif;NyDvm;/ (2)eJY (3)twGi;f rSm r*f 0ifygqkdwJh Opömb,fol wpfOD; wpf a ,muf r Q ra[mEkd i f b l; a[m&if opömawGUoGm;r,f? 'D ae&m r*f0ifvdu k af wmh (2)eHygwf [m 'ku©opömoGm;jzpfw,f/rjzpf bl;vm;/ (2)eJY (3)Mum;xJrSm t qufuav; jyxm;ygw,f/tJ'D Opömr*feJY jzpfvdu k fvdY&k Sd&if om oemwGif;jzpfomG ;w,f/ r*feJY r jzwfvY&dk &Sd if 'Dbufjyefvn S hw f ,f omoemytwkdi;f omoemy½dk;&m twdki;f jzpfygw,f/ &Sif;NyDvm;/ 'gjzifh 'um? 'umrwkYd omoemwGif; omoemyqkw d m vnf; bmygvdrhrf wHk;qkw d m ,aeY yk&d Sif;oGm;NyD (2)eJY(3)Mum;rSm 0dy óem r*f0if Ekdi&f if omoem wgif;? r0ifygbl;qkdwho J luawmh omoemyyJqakd wmh t"dyÜg,f[m ay:oGm;NyD/ bk&m; b,f ae&mjzpf owHk;?? a0'emeJY wPSmMum;rSm bk&m;u 'DÚmPfaomwmywård *f? ou'g*grd r*f? tem*grd r*f ? t& [wår*f? oAÁnKwÚmPfukd 'D Mum;rSm &oGm;w,f/ aAm"dyifeJY a&TyvifrSm bk&m;jzpfovm; a0'emeJYwPSm Mum;rSm bk&m;jzpfovm; a0'em eJY wPSmMum;rSm 0dyóemr*f? avmukwå&mr*f tjynfhtpHkay: vkdYomvQif bk&m;jzpfomG ;w,f
qkdwJh t"dyÜg,f[m bmrQ vif; yg;zG,frvkb d l;? &Sif;NyDvm;/ aAm"dyifeJY a&TyvifrSm bk&m;jzpfw,fqkdwmu ynwf orm;u ajymwm? y&rwform; uajymawmh a0'emeJY wPSm Mum;rSm bk&m;jzpfw,fvdYk ajym &r,f/ a0'emeJY wPSmMum; rSm tmoa0gukeo f mG ;w,f/ o abmygNyDvm;/ a0'emeJY wPSm Mum;rSm tmoa0gukew f m rukef wm bke;f BuD;&Sif;jyawmhrS 'um? 'umrawG ykrd Nkd yD; &Si;f vif;ygvdrhf r,fqkad wmh jzpfysuf½Iaew,f qkd uwnf ;u t0d ZÆm tmo0 ukeo f mG ;w,f/ jzpfysuf ½Ivdu k fwJhtcg usawmh [kdbufu wPSm?Oyg 'gefawG vmao;&JUvm;(rvmyg bk&m;) tJ'DxJr Sm umro0? b0go0? 'd|mo0u [kb d ufu ukeo f Gm;w,f/ tmoa0gav;yg; ukeo f Gm;w,f/ &dyfrdNyv D m;/ 'gjzifh tmo0ukefvdYk bk&m;jzpfwm o abmygNyDvm;/ 'gjzifh 'D 'um? 'umr awGrSmvnf; aomwmyefwnf csifvnf; 'DMum;r*foiG f;&r,f/ ou'g*grfwnfcsif? tem*grf wnfcsifvnf; &[EÅmjzpfcsif&if 'DMum;xJa0'emeJY wPSmMum;yJ r*foGif;&r,f? edAÁmefomG ;wJhyk*K¾d vf taygif;[m 'Dae&mrSm rlwnf
ïé
¿ß³þ¼§·º»ÖÇ ¿ú̧ª•·º®Í³ ¾µú³å¶¦°º±ª³å ¿ðù»³»ÖÇ©Ðͳӫ³å®Í³ ¾µú³å¶¦°º±ª³å ¿ðù»³»ÖÇ ©Ðͳӫ³å®Í³ ð¼§-»³®öºá ¿ª³«µ©;ú³®öº ¬¶§²º¬ ¸ °Ø¿µ §æªµ± Ǽ ³ªÏ·º ¾µú³å¶¦°º±Ù³å©ôº Muwmcsnf;yJ/ aAm"d yif eJYa &Tyv if t ay:rSm bk&m;jzpfw,fvdYk r,lyg eJYwh/J cE¨my#dpöorkyÜg'fMum;xJrSm bk&m;jzpfwm? cE¨my#dpöorkyÜg'f aemufrqufb;l &Sif;NyDvm;/cE¨m y#dpöorkyÜg'f aemufu wPSm Oyg'gefrqufb;l ?a'go aomu rqufvdYk bk&m;jzpf omG ;wmqkd awmh aMomf bk&m;jzpfwJhae&m vnf; odNyDvm; ray:ao;bl; vm;/ a0'emeJY wPSmMum; pdw½f Iawmh pdwaf y:rSm 'd|u d kd a0 'emeJY wPSmMum;ay:rSm½IwhJ r*f u owfjypfvdu k fw,f/ ighpdw[ f kwfvm;? igjrif w,f? igMum;w,fqkdawmh pdwf ukd pGJaewm/ pdwu f Mum;wmuk;d As/ igjrifw,f? igMum;w,f? ig vSLw,f? igpm;w,f? ig,m; w,f? igemw,f? igodw,fvkyf aew,f? [kwfvm; igarwåmykdY aew,f tp&Sdonf[m 'gpdwf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ay:rSm pGJwJh'|d dawGukd pdwaf y: wkdif; jzpfysu½f Ivku d fawmh pdwf ay:rSm 'd|daeEkid fao;&JUvm;/ raeEkdiaf wmh yxrr*f onf 'd|dowfwmyJqw kd m rao csmbl;vm;/ 'gjzifh yxrr*fu 'd|dowfwt hJ wGuf 'D'um?'umr awGrSmwJh aomwmyefwnfcsif vnf; a0'emeJY wPSmMum;rSm r*fay:atmifvkyaf yawmh? pdwf ½Iay;ygaemf &Sif;Mu&JUvm;/ 'gjzifh 'um? 'umrwkYd ukd a&;ay;xm;wJh y#dpöorkyÜg'f Z,m; pm&Gufuav;[m om rntzkd;wefw,fvYkd r,lvdu k yf g eJY? tyg,fav;yg; wHcg;ydww f Jh enf;/ tyg,fav;yg; wHcg; yd wfwJhenf ;ukd ay;wJhtwGuf pd wå mEk yóem[m tifrwef tzk;d wefomG ;w,f/ pdwåmEkyó em atmifjrifNyD;wJh 'um?'umr awGusawmh bke;f BuDwYu dk wpfcg a0'emEkyóem ay;OD;r,faemf/ tJ'Dawmh olYtuefYeJYol oGm;rSomvQifvnf; vrf;pOfu ajzmifhygw,f/ uJ'gjzifh 'um? 'umrwkYd pdwåmEkyóemcsnfwdik f atmufrSm a>reJYwlwJh owå0g awGu 'Dwkid fajcvm0yfygap?o abmusNyDvm;/ 'gjzifh vkyw f wf MuNyDvm;/ pdwåmEkyóemcsnf; jzpfysuf½I/ b,f pw d v f mvm bm vkyMf ur,f? jzpfysu½f &I r,f? bm
rQ½Ip&mr&S&d if b,fpdw½f IMur,f/ (tdrfonfpdwu f kd ½I&yg r,fbk&m;) tdrfonfpdwEf Spfckqdw k Jh avukdxkww f Jhpw d ?f avukd jyef oGif;wJhpdwf 'DESpfckukd tNrJwrf; ½I? onftjyif {nfhvm&if(tjyif {nfo h nf ½I&ygr,fb&k m;)twGi;f {nfhonfvm&if (twGif;{nfhonf ukd ½I&ygr,fbk&m;)twGif;{nfh onf ½Ivku d fwJhtcgusawmh ½I awmh pdwaf wGUovm; 'um? 'umrwkYjd zpfrI? ysufrI 'ku©opöm awGUovm; (jzpfrI? ysufrI? 'ku© opömawGUygw,fbk&m;) 'ku©o pömawGU vkd Y&S&d if opömEkavmrd uÚmPf&NyD om oemy r[kwfawmhb;l / pdwaf y: wkdif; ay:wkdif; 'D'um? 'umr awGu jzpfvdu k f? ysufvku d f? jzpf vkduf? ysufvdu k fuav;awG od aeawmh jzpfysufu 'um?'umr wkdY 'ku©opöm&Sif;NyDvm;/ 'k wd,uGuf rSm 'ku© opömyJa&;w,f/ pdwu f vnf; tJ'DxJrSmyJ &Sdw,f/ rem,we qdkwJhpw d u f vnf; 'kwd,uGuf rSmyJ &Sw d ,f/ tJ'gonf pdwt f wGuf u 'ku©opöm? a[m'D'ku©opöm ukd r*¾opömeJY Munfhvu kd fwJhtcg usawmh jzpfrI? ysufrIyJ rawGU bl;vm;/ tJjzpfrI? ysufrIyJ awGU vkdufwht J wGuf bke;f BuD;wkYd 'um? 'umrawG opömEkavmrduÓPf
ïè
ukd &ygw,f/ opömEkavmrdu ÚmPfqkdwm jzpfysufjrifwJhÚmPf &Sif;NyDvm;/ jzpf N yD ; ysuf w monf bmudpw ö ;kH 'kuo © pömjzpfvYdk opöm ukd jrifwmyJ/ &Si;f NyDvm;/ tJ'g aMumifh 'Dw&m;tm;xkwfvmMu wJh 'um? 'umrawGjzpfysufjrif zk&Yd m odyt f a&;BuD;ygw,f/aemuf rS jzpfysufrke;f &mrSm jrifNyD;rS rke;f qkw d m vmEkid fw,f/ rke;f NyD;rS qHk; qkw d m vmEkid fw,f/ uJ 'Dtwkid f;BudK;pm;& r,f? jrifNyD;rS rkef;? rke;f NyD;rS qHk; awmh jzpfysuf qHk;qkdwm cE¨m udk,w f pfukd,v f Hk;[m jzpfysuf csn;f yJ/ olqHk;oGm;w,fq&kd ifjzifh edAÁmefaygh/ 'Djyifbmqkpd &m &Sad o; wHk;/ 'gjzifhay:MuNyDvm; tJ ' gaMumif h 'um? 'umrawGonf pdwåmEkyóem pdwq f ,fhESpcf suu f kd ½Iwwfatmif MunfhNyD; oumv 'geJYom tcsdef ukev f &Ydk &Sd ifjzifh a&S;OD;pGmjzpfrI ysuf rI jrifygvdrrhf ,f/ aemuf &ifu h suf vm&if jzpfrI? ysufrIrke;f ygvdrfh r,f/aemufjzpfr?I ysufro I nf 'ku© opömtppfyJvkYd ukd,Ó f PfeJY qHk; jzwfcsufcsEkid v f Y&kd &Sd if jzpfrI? ysuf rIawG aysmufNyD;? rjzpfrysufwJh edAÁmefay:vdrfhr,f/ oabmygNyD vm;/ (ygygNyDbk&m;/) NyD;\/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¬»Ü嬿ðå M 궦·º¸¿©Ùå ©¼§¼ý«þúá ¬öb®Å³§à¼© ø¿ô³÷¯ú³¿©³º avmurSm aetdr fqkd wm opf0g;pwJh avmifpmawGeJY aygif;pkwnfaqmufxm;wmjzpf vkYd tcsderf a&G; aoEkid fygw,f/ tdrfrD;avmifNyDqk&d if vufvSr;f rDoavmuf tdrfxJrSm&SdwJhypön;f Opömukd qGx J kw, f Ml u&wmyJ/ qGJ xkw, f lEkid foavmuf tdrf&Sif& NyD; oHk;pG&J wmaygh/ tJ't D cg tzk;d rwefwmukd qGJ,lvmrd&if tzk;d
ïç
rwefwmukyd J &w,f/ tzk;d wef wm qGJ,lvmrdrS tzk;d wefwm oHk;&rSm/ rqG, J El ikd fawmhwhyJ pön;f OpömawGeYt J rd fBuD;uawmh rD;0g;cH NyD; tukefvHk;qHk;½IH;&awmhwmyJ/ wu,fawmh rdrdb0? cE¨mqkdwm rD;avmifaewJh tdrf BuD;wpfvHk;vkdygyJ/ tk?d em? ao rD;avmifaewJh cE¨mtdrBf uD;xJu aumif;rIw&m; tzkd;wefOpömrsm;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ukd tcsed rf D vufO;D atmifqGJxw k f ,lEikd fygrS ukd,yf ikd &f NyD; ukd,o f ;Hk &rSm/r,lEikd f&ifawmh pm;?ae?0wf trIu d x f J tukeyf gNyD; rD;pmyJ jzpf oGm;vdrrfh ,f/ b0ed*Hk;qHk;wJt h cg aoolrSm vufcgxm;cJ&h NyD; usef &pfolawGom a0,lMupNrJyg/ b0oHo&mc&D;rSm r oGm;bJeYJ eD;vmwm[m]]okomef}} jzpfNyD; oGm;ygvsufeJY a0;aewm uawmh ]]edAÁmef}}yJ jzpfygw,f/ okomefukd b,folrS roGm;csif ygbl;/ oGm;vnf; roGm;Muyg bl;/ 'gayr,fh tkd? em?aoBudK; u twif;qGJoGm;wmrkdYvdYk wpf csdex f ufwpfcsed f tNrJeD;uyfvm aewmyJ/ aemufb0qkdwm[m reufjzefxuf ykdNyD;awmhukd eD;yg w,f/reufjzefa&mufzdYk (24)em&D avmuf apmifh&ayr,fh aemuf b0a&mufzkdYqw kd muawmh em&D ykid f;? rdepfykdif;? puúeYyf kdi;f uav; avmufyJ Mumwwfwmyg/'gaMumifh okomefqw kd m[m ukd,ef Yt J eD;qHk; t&myg/ edAÁmefqkdwmukd trsm; enf;wl EIwfeJYqkawmif;rdayr,fh vnf; pdw0f ifpm;rIoyd fr&SdvSwm rkYd vufawGUtusifu h kd xdxad &muf a&muf rusifhrdvdYk wpfpwpfp vrf;aysmufum ykdíykdíom edAÁmef eJY a0;cJh&ygw,f/ wcsKdUuawmh oHo&mxJrSm aysmfvdYyk g;vkdY 0tD NyD;rSyJ edAÁmefa&mufcsio f wJh/w csKdUusawmhvnf; ed AÁmefukd aeY
csif;jyefavmuf tjrefa&mufNyD; tJ'Dujyef vm oHo&mxJrSmyJ aysmcf sifowJh/ 'Dvdq k akd wmh edAÁmef [m ukd,ef JY ta0;qHk;t&mjzpf awmwmygyJ/ oHo&mrSm udk,f vkdcsifwJh b0cE¨mukd &aeorQ ukd,rf vkdcsifwJh aoqHk;ysufpD;rI qif;&Jukdvnf; xyfwvJvJ&ae OD;rSmyg/r&Pqif;&Jqw kd mowå0g wpfOD;wpf a,mufxJ&JU qif;&J 'ku©vnf; r[kwf? wpfb0xJyJ awGU&wJh qif;&J'ku©vnf;r[kwf ygbl;/ b0wkdif; BuHKawGU&r,fh owå0gwkdif;&JU bHkqikd fqif;&JyJjzpf ygw,f/ aoNyD;aemufvnf; t 0dZmÆ eJYwPSmqkdwJh b0aESmifBudK; rjywf ao;&if b0cE¨mtopf awG xyfNyD; &aeOD;r,f/ b0c&D; quf&OD;r,f/ b0c&D;quf&&if vnf; ukd,o f mG ;csifovkd roGm; &bJ ukd,hrf Sm&Sdovkdom oGm;& rSmjzpfvkd Y ukd,o f Gm;vkdwJhyHkpHeJY oGm;Ekid fatmif ukd,yf kdifaumif;rI ukd tcsed rf DBudK;pm;jyKvkyf&rSmyg/ oligtm;vHk; aemufqHk;a&muf&if rkcs{uefcsKyfaysmufokOf;NyD; ao qHk;Mu&rSmcsnf;ygyJ/ oligwkid f;yJ aemufqHk;rSm aorif;xH';l axmuf vuf ajrSmuft½IH;ay;&wmcsnf; ygyJ/ tJ'Dawmh ukd,w f u,f rwwfprG f;EkdifwJh aojcif;w&m; ukd roda,mif? rjrifa,mif [ef aqmifNyD; rawGU&atmif wm;qD;
îð
r,fhtpm; ukd,w f wfprG f;Ekdiw f Jh aumif;rIw&m;ukyd J tcsderf D BudK; pm;tm;xkwv f ykd gw,f/ ukd,w f u,f tEkd if ,l& r,f ht&m[m udk,hpf w d o f myJjzpfygw,f/ uk, d hf pdwu f kd Ekdifoavmuf aumif;rI wk;d r,f/ aumif;rIwkd;oavmuf pGrf;tm;owåjd ynfh0NyD; taewwf ovkd taovnf;wwfr,f/t ae&Jo vkd taovnf ;&Jr,f / udk,hb f 0&JU teD;eJYta0;ukdÚmPf owdeYJ MunfhNyD; ukd,hb f 0c&D;udk vrf;&Sif;wwfr,f/ avmurSm wu,fhaxmufwnf&m? tm;ukd; &m tppfqkdwm udk,jf yKxm;wJh aumif;rIw&m;yJ jzpfygw,f/
ì«-Ѻå½-Õ§º ¿¯³·º§µùº£ aojcif;w&m;? ra&muf jim;onfh? trsm;owå0gr&Syd g? eD; vm aozkY&d uf/ roGm;bJo m? eD;ívm? rSepf mG okomefbuf/ oGm;ygaomfvnf;? a0; aeNrJ? cRwfvJeG dAÁmefxu G f/ cE¨m&orQ? aoqHk;&? rkcs {uefysuf/ teD;? ta0;? ÚmPfjzifh awG;? raqG;&atmif B udK;pm; wwf/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¿¶½ª«º¦¿»³·º¸á «¼µô¿º ©³º¿¶¦³·º¸á úͲ¿º ¨³·º¸¬±«º©²º awmf0ifEG,f jcyke;f ? ykd;&G? ponfr
ø«÷ ¬¿Ó«³·ºå¿«³·ºå®× &Sifawmfbk&m;[m? t avmif;awmfoljrwf jzpfpOfb0 awGrSm yk;d &G?jcyke;f wd&pämefuav; awGutp olwpfyg;toufukd owfjzwfjcif;rS a0;pGma&SmifMuOf awmfrlcJhygw,f/ owå0gawGukd ñSOf;qJESdyf puf zdkYtaeeJY wkwf? "m;pwJh vufeufawGukd ukid fpJG awmfrrlcJhygbl;/ ygPmwdygw 'k p½dkufru I kd jyKvkyzf Yv kd eG pf Gm &Suf aMumufawmfrlygw,f/ owå0g tm;vHk;tay:rSm tusKd;vkdvm;? cspfcifoem;wwfwJh arwåm? u ½kPmpdwu f kd jzefYrkd;NyD; aeawmfrl ygw,f/ wpfcsdew f ke;f u bk&m;
tavmif ;awmf[m Am&mPoD jynf? jA[®'wfrif;BuD;&JU om; awmfBuD;jzpfcJhzl;ygw,f/ tb rif;w&m;BuD; ewf &mG pHwJhtcg xD;eef;t½dkut f &mukd qufq&H &SdcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdeu f Am&m PoDjynfoal wG[m ewfud;k uG,f rI 0goemxHkMuNyD; qdw?f odk;? Muuf? 0ufawGukd owfjzwfum ewfylaZmfMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk p½dkuMf urf;wrf; wmukd ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlwJh rif; BuD;[m ]]owå0gawGudk owf jzwfNyD; ,ZfrylaZmf&}}vkYd trdeYf xkwjf yefygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;awG[m &aeusylaZmfrIukd r&wJhtwGuf pdwq f ;kd trsux f u G f MuwmrkdY A&mPoDrif ;BuD;ukd owfjzwfzYkd tifrwefMurf;MuKwf cufxefwJh bDvl;BuD;wpfaumif ukd apvTwv f du k fygw,f/ tJ'DbDvl;[m noef; acgif,HrSm tifrwefBuD;rm;wJh oHwlBuD;ukdukdifNyD; Am&mPoD rif;BuD;&JU usufoa&wku d fcef;xJ ukd 0if um td yf &m&JU txuf aumif;uifrmS &yfaeygw,f/tJ'D tcsed f rSmyJ odMum;rif;uvnf; od&o Sd mG ;NyD; 0&Zdev f ufeufukd ,l um bDvl;&JUtxufrSm oGm;NyD; &yfaeygw,f/ Am&mPoDrif;BuD;[m odMum;rif;ukd rawGU&bJ bDvl; BuD;udkom jrifae&ygw,f/'geJY rif;BuD;u ]]bDvl;BuD; oif[m
îî
ighukd apmifha&Smufvkv d Ykd &yfwnf aewmvm;? 'grSr[kwf owf jzwfvkv d dYk &yfwnfaewmvm;}} vkYd ar;wJhtcg ]]ig[m oifhukd apmifha&Smufvv dk Ykrd [kw?f oHwl eJY ½d k u f o wf v k d v k d Y vmwmjzpf w,f/ 'gayr,fh odMum;rif;ukd aMumufvdYk r½kduf0Hhawmhbl;}}vkdY bDvl;BuD;u jyefajymw,f/ tJ'Dtcg Am&mPoD rif;BuD;u ]]ighukd odMum;rif; apmifha&Smuf onfjzpfap?rapmifh a&Smufonf jzpfap? bDvl;awG 0ef;&Haeonfjzpfap? ig[m igh&JU w&m;vrf ;aMumif;uae wd rf; apmif;oGm;rSm r[kwfbl;/ tJ'D twGuf ig[m bDvl;udkvnf; raMumufbl;? obufukdvnf; rvefYbl;}}vkdY qkdvdu k fygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsd efrSmyJ odMum;rif ;u ajcmufvSeYv f ku d w f mrkYd bDvl;BuD; vnf; ta0;ukdxu G fajy;oGm;yg awmhw,f/
ø½÷¬«-Õå¼ ª«wг¿©³º tJ'Dvkd xl;jcm;wJh t aMumif;aumif ;rIukodkvu f HawG aMumifh tavmif;awmfoljrwf [m ewfjynfewf&mG rSm *kPfxl; q,fyg;eJY wjcm;ewf awGxuf omvGefxl;uJpmG cHpm;pHpm;&yg w,f/ ewfjynfrS pkawNyD; vYl jynf? vlY&mG a&mufvmwJhtcgrSm vnf; (1)zaemifhawmf&Snjf cif;? (2) &Sn foG,fvSyaom vuf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
acsmif;? ajcacsmif;awmfrsm;&Sjd cif;? (3) jA[®mrif;&JU uk, d cf E¨mvkd ajy jypfacsmarm ajzmifrh wfaom cE¨m ukd,&f Sdawmfrljcif;qdkwJh tusKd; vu©Pmawmf (3)yg;eJY jynfhpHk awmfrlygw,f/ omrefval wG&JU ajcz0g; [m tzsm;ykdif;us,fum;NyD; z aemifyh ikd f; ao;i,fwwfygw,f/ &Siaf wmfbk&m;&JU ajczaemifhawmf uawmh ajczsm;ykid f;eD;eD;avmuf BuD;awmfryl gw,f/ 'ghtjyif om refvlawG&JU ajczaemifh[m wkdyg w,f/ ajcz0g;&JU aemufqkH;ykdif; ay:rSm ajcovHk;½dk;wnfaewmrkYd ajczaemifhykdif; wkdaewmyg/ &Sif awmfbk&m;&JU ajczaemifhawmfu awmh ajcz0g;tvsm;ukd av;yHk yHk&if ESpyf Hk[m tzsm;ykdif;jzpfNyD; wwdw,ykid f;ay:rSm ajcovHk;½dk; wnfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ajcz aemifhawmf[m omrefval wGxuf ykNd yD; &Snfawmfrlygw,f/ ygPmwdygwuH usL; vGefwJhtcg wcsKdUvlawG[m ol wpfyg;rodatmif ajczsm;axmuf NyD; yke;f vQKd;uG,v f QKd;oGm;wwfMu ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tJ'Dyk*dK¾ vf awG[m jzpfav&mb0rSm zaemifh wkdNyD; ajcawGciG af e? aumufae wwfygw,f/ qGHUNyD;awmhvnf; oGm;wwfygw,f/bk&m;tavmif; awmf uawmh tJ'Dvkd ajczsm; axmufoGm;NyD; olwpfyg;touf rowfcJhaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif
jyowJhtaeeJY zaemifhawmf&Snf awmfrlwmyg/ zaemifhawmf t pGe;f [m vHk;0ef;NyD; tifrwef wifh w,fawmfrlygw,f/ omrefvlawG&JU vuf acsmif;? ajcacsmif;awG[m wpfck eJYwpfck t&Snt f wkdtm;jzifh jzpf ap? vHk;ywft&G,t f aeeJYjzpfap? rwlnMD uygbl;/ vufacsmif;?ajc acsmif;awG[m wcsKdUu&SnNf yD;? wcsKdUu wkad ewwfovkd wcsKdU u wkwNf yD;? wcsKdUu ao;i,f aewwfMuygw,f/&Siaf wmfb&k m; &JU vufacsmif;? ajcacsmif;awmf awGuawmh tJ'Dvdk twkdt&Snf ruGJjym;ovkd? t&G,ftpm;tae eJv Y nf; wlnMD uygw,f/ vufr? ajcrawGrw S pfyg; usefvufacsmif; ajcacsmif ;awmf awG[m t&if; ykid f;wkwfNyD; tzsm;ao;oG,u f m nDwlnmwl vSyawmfrlygw,f/ olwpfyg; toufowf jzwfwhJolawG[m wkw?f "m;pwJh vufeufawGukd pGu J kid f&ygw,f/ tJ'v D dk wkw?f "m;pGNJ yD; olYtouf owfzl;wJholawG[m jzpfav&m b0rSm vufacsmif;awGwdjk cif;? aumufauG;jcif;? qGHYtaejcif; awG jzpfwwfygw,f/ bk&m;t avmif;awmfrSmawmh tJ'Dvkv d uf eufukdifpJNG yD; olYtoufowfcJh jcif; r&SdaMumif;xif&Sm;atmif jyowJhtaeeJY vufacsmif;? ajc acsmif;awmfawG[m &Sno f , G fNyD; nDnmvSyawmfrw l m jzpfygw,f/
îí
omref vla wG&JU cE¨m ukd,[ f m a&SUujkd zpfjzpf? aemufukd jzpfjzpf ikdufae? aumhaewwfyg w,f/vnfyif;? cg;? 'l;wpfae&m &mrSm ñGwfae? ukdif;aewwfyg w,f/ wcsKUd vlawGqkd&if vnf yif;½dk;? ñSy½f dk;? cg;½dk;awGaigNyD; xGufaewwfygw,f/ &Sifawmf bk&m;&JU cE¨mukd,af wmfuawmh tJ'Dvkd a&SUukd iku d faewm?aemuf ukd aumhaewm? ab;ukad pmif; aewmrsK;d bmrQr&SdbJ jA[®mrif; BuD;&JU cE¨mukd,v f dk ajzmifhrwf oyÜg,fawmfrlygw,f/ ygPmwdygwuH jyKzk&Yd ef oGm;wJhtcg olwpfyg;jrifrSmpkd; wmaMumifh ukd,u f kd rwfrwfr&yf EkdifMubJ ykatmif? edrfhatmifvkyf NyD; aumuf a umufa uG;auG; oGm;Mu&ygw,f/ tavmif;awmf oljrwfuawmh b0oHo&mrSm tJ'Dvkv d kyNf yD; ygPmwdygwuH usL;vGefawmfrlcJhjcif; tvsOf;&Sd awmfrrlcJhygbl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdY &Sif awmfbk&m;&JU cE¨mukd,af wmf[m ajzmifhajzmifhpif;pif; rm;rm;rwf rwf axmifaxmifarmif;armif; &Sd awmfrlum vGefpGmwif hw,f awmfrlygw,f/
øö÷ª«wг¿©³ºÄ¬«-Õå¼ ¯«º bk& m;tavmif ;awmf [m b0oHo&mrSm ygPmwdygw trIrS a0;pGma&SmifMuOfawmfrlcJh wmaMumifh bk&m;jzpfawmfrlrnfh
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
úÍ·º¿©³º¾úµ ³å©µ¼Ç ®²º±²º ¯Øåµ ®¨µ¼«© º ¸Ö ¿ð¿»ô-§µö¼Õb ª¿º ©Ù úÅ»ºåá úÅ»ºå®á ѧ¹±«³á ѧ¹±¼«³® §ú¼±©º¿ªå§¹å ¶§²º¸°Ø¿µ ©³º®´®Í §ú¼»¼ß_³»ºð·º°ØÓ«Ò®Ö ¶¦°º¿©³º®´§¹©ôºñ aemufqHk;b0rSm (1)zaemifhawmf &Snf jcif ;? (2)vuf acsmif ;?ajc acsmif;awmfrsm; &Snfo, G fjcif;? (3) ajzmifhrwfaom ukd,af wmf &Sjd cif;qkw d hJ vu©PmawmfoHk;yg; ukd &awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dvu© PmawmfoHk;yg;eJY jynfhpHkawmfrl wJhtwGuf tavmif;awmfoljrwf [m tdrf&mwnfaxmifvlYabmif rSmae&if touf&Snjf cif;?ouf wrf;rjynfhrD Mum;umvawGrSm b,folurQ touftEÅ&m,fr ay;Ekdijf cif;qkdwJh tusKd;xl;ukd & awmfrlEkdifygw,f/ wu,fvdkY aemufqHk; b0rSmvkd awmxGuNf yD; &[ef; jyK&ifawmh or®morÁK'¨bk&m;pif ppf jzpfawmfrlNyD; tm,kuyfywf vHk; touf&Snjf cif;? oufwrf; rjynfhrD Mum;umvrSm vl?ewf? jA[®m b,f v kd yk *¾d Kvf rsKd ;urS
touf tEÅ &m,f ray;Ekd if jcif;? Oyapä'uuHeYJ y&deAd Ámef0ifpHawmf rrlEkdifjcif;qkdwJh tusKd;qufukd &awmfrlygw,f/ &Sif a wmf bk &m;wkd Yrnf onf qHk;rxku d w f hJ a0ae,syk*K¾d vf awG &[ef;? &[ef;r? Oygoum? Oygod umr y&do wf a v;yg; jynfhpHkawmfrrl S y&deAd Ámef0ifpMH uNrJ jzpfawmfrlygw,f/ qHk;rxku d w f Jh a0ae,syk*Kd¾ vfawG
w tukkokdvq f kdwm oufwrf; wk?d ukd,t f *FgcsKdUwJh? ½kyf&nft qif; ysuf,iG f;apwwfwhJ 'kp½du k f rI wpfckjzpfygw,f/
ø·÷ ¾µú³åúͽ¼ å¼µ
ygPCmw 0d&wd,m? 'DC yPSd ,w*Fkv/d Aka'¨g jA[®K Zk*awåmp? 'DCm,kaum p wH ear/ a,m Aka'¨g - tMuif jrwfpmG bk&m;onf? (yka&ba0b0rsm;pGm? a&S;a&S;tcgü) ygP Cmw0d&wd,m - olYtoufukd owfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfcjhJ cif;aMumif?h 'DCyPSdp - &Snaf om zaemifh awmf&o Sd nfvnf;aumif;? tm, w*Fkvdp - &Sno f , G faom vuf acsmif;awmf&Sdonfvnf;aumif;? jA[®KZk&awåmp - jA[®mrif;vkd? ajzmifrh wfaom udk,af wmf&o Sd nf øÝ÷ ©µ« ¼ © º »Ù åº ½-«º vnf;aumif;? 'DCm,kaump 'Dvdk &Siaf wmfbk&m;&JU &Sn af om toufawmf &So d nf taMumif;aumif;rI? tusKd;vu© vnf;aumif;?a[mwd-taMumif; Pm?vu©Pmawmf&JUtusKd;quf tvku d f? tusKd;qkdufí? oku d f 'D(3)csufukd av;eufpGmqifjcif NrdKufxifay:? jzpfxeG ;f awmfrl\/ ESvHk;oGif;NyD; Ak'¨jrwfpGm&JU vu© wHAk'-¨H 'DCyPSdwm?tpjzmonf?h Pmawmf (3)yg;ukd tm½HkjyKum vu©PmoHk;azmf? jynfhpHkawmfrl Ak'¨gEkówdbm0emukd yGm;rsm; aom xkjd rwfpGmbk&m;ukd? t[Htm;xkwfawmfrlMuyg/ NyD;&if rdrd bk&m;wynfhawmf(wynfah wmfr) wkdYvnf; tavmif;awmfoljrwf onf?ear (ermrd)-,HkMunfjrwf uJhokdY olYtoufowfrIrSe&f if Ekd;? vufpkrH ;dk í &Scd kd;uefawmhyg\ ykd;&G?jcykef;uav;awGtp rowf t&Sib f k&m;/ jzwfrdatmif jzpfwJhenf;eJY a&Smif MuOfxu dk Mf uygw,f/ ygPmwdyg awmf0ifE, G f
îì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¬úÍ·¿º ±¤¼ªÄ ¾ð¶¦°º°ÑºÛ·Í º¸
«®Y³¸ßµùx±³±»³¶§Õ®Í©º©®ºå ¬úÍ·M º »¼« (,cifvrStquf)
«ôº©·º®²º± ¸ ´ ¿§æª³¶½·ºå
þtajctaea&mufaepOf eHeuf 11em&DcefüY tjyifbufrS wHcg;acgufoHMum;&í wHcg; zGihaf y;vkduaf omtcg vrf;avQmuf&if; rsuEf Smwef; rdum oduRrf;aeaom c&pf,mefbke;f BuD; *Refukwf (Ö±¸² ݱ¿¬)jzpfaeaMumif; awGU&avonf/ ]]cifAsm; jyefrsm;oGm;NyDvm;vkYd EIwq f uf& atmif vmcJhw,f/ b,fhES,f rjyefao;bJuk;d }} ]][kwfuJh? uREfkyfrjyefyg}} ]]jyefzkdY vrf;p&dwrf &SdvdYv k m;}} ]]'gaMumifh r[kwyf g/ ausmif;om;awGjyef Muwke;f u p&dwcf Hac:r,fvYdk ajymMuygw,f/aemuf jrefrmjynftpk;d & EkdifiHjcm;a&;½Hk;u ñTeMf um;csuf t& NAdwo d Qtpkd;& Ekdiif Hjcm;a&;½Hk;uvnf; tpkd;&
p&dwef JY jyefykdYay;r,fvkYd ajymygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rjyefygbl;}} ]]cifAsm; 'Dtwkdif;ae&if pm;0wfaea&; cufvrd fhr,f? aezkdY? pm;zkdY b,fu&vdrfhrvJ}} ]]rajymwwfyg?,cktywf tdrcf ef;twGuf &Sif;ay;NyD;&if aemufay;p&mr&Sdawmhyg/ pm;zkYu d awmh tckuwnf;u r&Sdawmhyg}} ]]tk;d ..rkid fa*gh'f ..'gjzifh uREkyf ef YJ vkdufchJ yg}}[k ajymajymqkq d kd oleJYvkdufcJh&ef ac:oGm;&if; λ-¬¿«®¿²¬ wpfckü aeY v,fpm auR;avonf/ NyD;vQif vef'efwiG f olwkdYiSm;xm;aomtdrfBuD;okdY ac:oGm;awmhonf/ ,if;tdrfBuD;ü t&Sifao|dv twefMum aecJh&ao;onf/ rMumrD vef'efNrdKUay:odkY AHk;rsm;tquf rjywfusvmaomtcg Í«³³»®-»¼ ]qef;rm;quf}
îë
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ac:aom awmykid f;&Sd olwdkY\tdrfBuD;okdY ac:oGm;&Sm avonf/ onf/ vufyg;apwpfa,mufESifh tcef;wcef;ay; bke;f BuD;*Refukwu f wm;jrpfaomfvnf; xm;um ]]ppfrNyD;rcsif;aeyg}}[k qkdvmavonf/ qufvufvkyNf rJvkyo f nf/wpfzef us,f0ef;vSaom ,Ofaus;odrfarGUaom vlYpdw"f mwf? pmem O,smOfBuD;twGi;f ü toD;tESHrsm;cl;í rukefaom wwfaom oabmonf vlwdYt k m; obm0uay; tcg? rcl;jzpfaomtcg O,smOftwGif;tESHYtjym; aom qkvmbfjzpfonf/bmoma&;qkdif&m 0efxrf; a
îê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
r&SLbJ arhajrmaeaom vlemukd toufjyef½SLap &ef ESmacgif;? yg;pyfrsm;rS avrIwfay;oGi;f &aom tcgrsKd;vnf; BuHK&onf / wbufrS vlemukd t0wfvJvS,af pí oefY&Si;f atmifjyKvkyaf y;aepOf aoG;ESiht f om;zwfrsm; rsufvHk;ESifhyg;pyfxJokdY 0if vmonfukd axG;rxkwftm;ao;bJ yg;pyfxJwGif iHkxm;&if; &ifxJokdY us0ifomG ;onhftcg atmhtef csifonfukdyif twif;Bud wfrSdwf atmif htnf;í vlemcsr;f oma&;ukd tvkt,uf vkyt f m;ay;cJh& onf/ olemjyKtwwfukd oifxm;rdonfrSmtvGef aus;Zl;rsm;aypG[k awG;rdwkid f; ESvHk;pdw0f rf; Nidrf; csrf;rIudk cHpm;&ayonf/ olemjyKtvkyu f kd vkyaf epOf vlYtvTmrsKd;pHk rS ajymqkdoHk;EIef;aom toHk;tEIe;f t&yfpum; qJ a&;wkdif;wGmaom pum;vHk;rsm;? nnf;wGm;jrnf wrf;aom pum;vHk;rsm;udkvnf; a0g[m&aA'pm&if; wGif wifoiG f;í avhvmrSwo f m;rdvsuf jzpfae onf/ tawmftwef oufomvmaom vlemrsm; ukd Ak'¨\ Nidrf;at;a&; tNrdKufaq;rsm; wkdufauR; vkdufaomtcg todÚmPfESifh,SOaf om yDwo d kw &vkdufyHkudk olwkdY\rsufESmü txif;om;ay:vmí t&Sifao|dvonf auseyfESpfNcdKufjcif;ukd tcgrsm; pGm cHpm;&ayonf/ tjcm; vkyfazmfukdifbuf olemjyKrsm;wGif u½dkif;rD,mppfyüJG tpGrf;ukef olemwku Yd kdapmifha&Smuf jyKpkcJhaom ]]zavmf&ifhpfEkdufwifa*; (Ú´±®»²½» Ò·¹¸¬»²¹¿´»)}}uJ hodkYaom olemjyKq&mruav; rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;udkvnf; AHk;rdk;&Gmaeonfht wGif; toufab;ukd rpkd;&drfraMumifMh ubJ oGm;vm vIy&f Sm;vsuf aq;ay;rD;,lulnDapmifha&Smuf ae onfukd awGU&í om"kac:rdoavmuf? twåqef aom udk,u f sK;d &Smorm;rsm; olemukjd yKpk&rnft h pm; olem\ t0wftpm; aiGaMu;vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; jzKwf,laeonfukd awGU&í u½kPma'gojzpfrd& onfvnf;&S\ d /]]tHhzG,af umif;vSaom wPSbv D ;l
tyl;cH&aom olwkYad ywum;}}[k oHa0*,lrad v onf/ þodYk t&Siaf o|dvonf c&pf,mefbke;f BuD; *Refukw\ f tdrfBuD;wGif (5)vavmufrQ em;ae NyD; olemjyKvkyfief;rsm;ukd (2)ESpfe;D yg;avmuf vkycf Jh &avonf/
¬±Øª·Ì º¸cص$ «´²úÜ ¶½·ºå jrefrmykdif; tpDtpOfwpf&yf toHviT fh&ef pwiftm;xkwMf uaomtcg t&Sifao|dvxH tul tnD vmawmif;Muonf/*syefrsm;0ifumpavmuf upí jrefrmydkif; tpDtpOfukd toHvTifhcJhMuonf/ &[ef;\tvky?f rdrd&nfrSe;f xm;aom olemjyKtvkyf r[kwfapumrl Nidrf;csrf;aom umvr[kwfao;í rdrd\vlrsKd;ESifh wkdif;jynftwGuf ulnDjcif;[k o abmxm;um ulnD&avonf/ wpfywfvQif(4) &ufcefY? (1)&ufvQif pma&;om;jcif;udpöyg aqmif &Gu&f um (3)em&D/ ra&;&bJ toHviT fh½ko H ufouf qkv d Qif (2)em&DrQom Mumonf/ (2)&ufqufí vkyNf yD;vQif (2)&uftem;&onf/ jrefrmXmerSL;rSm jrefrmjynf ]]б´·½» Ì®¿·²·²¹ ͽ¸±±´}}ykvyd f ausmif;ü ausmif;tkyfvkyo f Gm;aom rpöwmprpfjzpf onf/ t&Siaf o|dvvky&f onfhtvkyu f m; owif; pkaqmif;a&;om;NyD; (15)rdepf toHviT afh y;&jcif;rQ jzpfayonf/
¶®»º®³¬¾¼þ³»º ªµ§º·»ºåÛÍ·º¸ °³Ó«²º¸©µ¼«º®ÍÔå jrefrm a0g[m&rsm;ukd wuefYpD? woefYpD pkaqmif;í t*Fvyd fbmomjyefay;&aom jrefrmt*Fvyd ftbd"mef vkyif ef;wGifvnf; t&Sifao|dv yg0ifc&Jh jyefonf/ jrefrmjynfwiG f ta&;ykid v f kyo f Gm; aom (jrefrmrESifh tdrf axmifjyKcJhol) rpöwm pwl;0yfonf tbd"mefvkyif ef;ü OD;aqmifonf/ ݱ´´±¯«·¿´ Þ«®³»-» ac: ]]t&yfo;Hk jrefrmpum;}} pmtkyu f kd a&;oljzpfonf/ þvkyif ef;wGif a'gufwm
îé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
vSazvnf; yg0ifvkyaf qmifonf/ wzef tdE´d,jynf r'&yfNrdKUü oifvky-f vkycf Jhaom pmMunfhwdu k rf SL; tvkyfrsKd;ukd t*Fvef aepOfvnf; vkyfcJh&ao;onf/ þtvkyrf sm;um; ppftwGi;f ESifh ppfNyD;pumvxd omoemjyKvkyfief; rsm; wGifwiG fus,fus,f rvky&f ao;rD ,m,Dae&m tdrcf ef;rsm;üaeí ,m,Dvkyfukdifae&aom tvkyf rsm;omjzpfonf/pmMunfhwdu k rf LS ;vky&f onfh tusKd; um; tvGefBuD;vSayonf/ pmtkyfzkeo f kwfjcif;rQ r[kwf pmtkyfrsm;ukd [kdae&m? onfae&mokYd a&TU jcif;rQr[kw?f pmtkyfrsKd;pHzk wf&í tod
±³±»³¶§Õª§µ º·»ºå °©·º¶½·ºå qkdcJhonfhtwkid f; wkdif;jynfa&m? NrdKUe,f awGyg wpwpppfr;D BuD; at;Nidr;f í ylyifaMumifMh u rI txdwx f w d t f vefYvefYESihf pm;0wfaea&;rat; EkdifonfhtwGuf ajy;vTm;&SmazGrIrsm;jzifh Aavmif qlaeonfh tajctaeukd vGefajrmufvmaomtcg vlwYo kd nf bmomw&m;ukd eufeufeJeJawG;vmMu onf/ þrQavmuf qk d ;&Gm;aMumufrufzG, f aumif;aom ppfab;BuD;ukd rnfolu zefwD;ay; oenf;/ t&m&mwkdif;ukd xm0&u zefwD;onf[k qk\ d / þrQavmufjyif;xefaom ab;BuD;ukd t b,fhaMumifh zefw;D &oenf;/ tusyftwnf;qif;&J 'ku©rsm;onf xm0&bk&m;\ prf;oyfrI[k qkdjyef \/ tb,ftusK;d iSm þrQ&ufpufpmG prf;oyf& avoenf;/bk&m;ocifonf u,fwif&Sifjzpfonf [k qk\ d / rnfonfhae&mü rnfolukd u,fwif& onf[k rod&/ &Scd ;kd qkawmif; vku d f&onfrSmvnf; rem;&? aeYnr[l rdrdtodESifh ab;uif;&m[kxif onfh ae&mukd tarmwaumoGm;um yke;f &? a&Smif
wdrf;&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ teEÅwefckd;awmf[l onfukd tenf;i,fav;rQ rrScD &kd ygwum;[k awG; awmvmMuonf/ xkYad Mumifh bk&m;ukd r,HkMunfEikd Mf uawmh ay/ bmomw&m;[lonfrSmvnf; pdw½f Iy&f ½HkrQom tusK;d jyKaom tykt d vkyo f m[k jrifvmMuonf/ xk pd Of tcgwGif ]]Ak'¨bmomua&m bmwwf Ekid frnfenf;/ tjcm; c&pf,mefbmomponfrsm; xuf bmrsm;xl;jcm;rnfenf;/ bmomw&m;[lonf twlwo l mjzpfygonf/ vlwYpkd dw"f mwfukd rIid f;wku d f ay;aom t&mjzpfonf[k ½ky0f g'DwaYdk jym a[maom pum;onf rSerf sm;rSeaf vrnfvm;}}[k oHo,pdwf 0ifvmMuonf/ em;raxmifvdk rMum;vkdawmhay/ þtajctaersKd ;wGif q&mawmft&Sif ao|dv\ &wem(3)yg; ( Ì®·°´» Ù»³-)[lonf ukd jyifjyifBuD;rkef;wD;&GH&Smolrsm;u jyuf&,fjyKMu onf/ BuHKíem;axmifrdoltcsKdUuvnf; rqDrqkdif (cG)ar;cGe;f rsm;ukd ar;Muonf/ pdwaf t;at;xm;í onf;cHrI tjynfhjzifh ajz&Si;f rIjyK&ayrnf/ oa&mf armfum;½dkif;aompum; Murf;aomtoHk;tEIe;f rsm; ukd a'gorxGuf arwåmoufoufjzifh tcsuu f sus ajyma[mrS jzpfayrnf/ Ak'¨bmomonf xkdolrsm; apm'u wufaeaom(bmomw&m;) λ´·¹·±² r[kwfaMumif; tBudrfrsm;pGm ae&maygif;rsm;pGmü t&Siaf o|dv &Si;f jy&ayonf/ q&mawmfu &Sif;jyonfrSm trsm;u λ´·¹·±² [laom pum;t& ,HkMunfvufcx H m;Muaom t"dyÜg,frSm ,HkMunfrI Ú¿·¬¸ ES ihf &Sdcd;k 0wfjyKrI ( ɱ®-¸·°)wkdYukd tajccH onf? ,HkMunfrI[lonfrSmvnf; teEÅurÇm pMu 0VmBuD;ukd zefqif;aom teEÅwefckd;&Siu f kd ,HkMunf tm;xm;jcif;? rnfonfhtcgrQ raoqHk;? rysufpD; Ekid faom twå (ß² ׳³±®¬¿´ ͱ«´)ESifh jA[®m?þ &G&? xm0&\qE´twkdif; taumiftxnfazmf& aom u,fwif&Sif (Í¿ª·±®)okdYwnf;r[kwf wref
îè
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
awmfukd ,HkMunfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomü þ okdYaom ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;r&Syd g/ ar;/ Ak'¨bmomrSm ewfjA[®m&Sdw,f r[kwf vm;/ ewfbkH? jA[®mbHkqko d nfh bHkXmersKd; &Sdw,fvdYk qkdw,fr[kwfygvm;/ ajz/ ewfjA[®mqkdwm &dSygw,f/ okdYaomf ol wkYrd mS tjcm;bmomrsm;u vufc, H kHMunf xm;ovkd urÇmukdzefqif;Ekdiw f hJ owådr&Sd yg/ olwkYu d k, d w f dik fyif aoqHk;uG,af ysmufjcif; o abm&Syd gw,f/ taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOfBuD;rS rvGwf yg/ rnfou Yl rkd Q b0oHo&mrS ru,fwifEikd yf g/ Ak'¨u rnfonfeh wfjA[®mwefc;kd &Sifurd k S ,HkMunf tm;xm;zkYd rwkduw f eG f;yg/ ar;/ 'gjzifh Ak'¨bmomcH,lwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm; Ak'¨ukd ckdvIH&mtjzpf rSw, f l&jcif; (Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ × Ì¿µ» λº«¹» ײ ̸» Þ«¼¼ó ¸¿)qkw d m u,fwif&iS f vufrcHwhJ Ak'0¨ g'ESifh rqeYf usifygvm;/ ajz/ rqefYusiyf g? Ak'¨onf rnfolYurkd Q ykHí tyfjcif;? ,HkMunfjcif;rjyK&ef a[mñTecf Jh ygonf/ Ak'¨ukd ckv d IH&mtjzpfrSw, f ljcif; qkdonfrSm trSm;ESifhtrSef taumif;ESifhtqk;d t usKd;ESifh tjypfukd Ak'¨ua[majymwJhtwGuf 'Doif Mum;csufukd vdkuef mMu&ifvnf; 'ku©cyfodrf; at; Nidr;f EkdifwJhtwGuf oifMum;jyool q&ma&SUomG ; acgif;aqmif wpfa,muftae todtrSwjf yKjcif; rsKd; qkv d ykd gonf/ olYuHeYo J lom ukd,jf yKwJhaumif;rI raumif;rIt& aumif;usKd;qkd;jypfcHMu&wmjzpfwJh twGuf Ak'¨uk, d w f ikd fu vrf;jyqHk;rvkdY &rnfholukd om vrf;jyqHk;rawmfrlcJhygonf/ qHk;renf;ay;r& rnfh olrsm;ukd vspv f sL½IcJh&wm oufaotajrmuf tjrm;&Syd gonf/ aemufwpfcsuu f Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tzkdY Ak'¨uu kd kd;uG,f&m ckdvIHtm;xm;&m taeeJY,HkrSwf qnf;uyfjcif;[m Ak'¨onf owå0gtrsm;wkY&d JU r[m
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tzk dY Ak '¨ukduk ;d uG, &f m ckv d IHtm;xm;&m taeeJY,HkrSwf qnf;uyfjcif;[m Ak'¨onf owå0gtrsm;wkY&d JU r[m u½kPm&Sijf zpfw,fqkdwJh ,HkMunfcsufaMumifhygyJ/ u½kPm&Sifjzpfw,fqw kd hJ ,HkMunfcsufaMumifhygyJ/ Ak'¨u, kd af wmfjrwf[m owå0gawGtjrifrSe&f NyD; tm; enf;csuftrsKd;rsKd;? pdwn f pfnL;rI tzHkzHk? ylaqG; 0rf;enf;qif;&JrI taxGaxGrS vGwMf uygapvkYd qif;&J uif;aMumif;enf;vrf;aumif;awG jyñTeaf wmfrl w,f/ 'Denf;vrf;ukd uk, df af wGU&SmazGwht J cgwke;f u rsm;qkd&if &Snv f sm;yifyef;vSwJh tcuftcJ tusyf twnf; qif;&Jyifyef;rIawGukd ZGJaumif;aumif;eJY tm;xkwfBudK;pm;NyD; ckccH h&J w,f/aemufqHk;tjrifq h ;Hk ÓPfawmf Í«°®»³» Û²´·¹¸¬»²³»²¬ uk&d awmfrl w,f/ &awmfrlawmhvnf; aeYraenrem; udk,f um, yifyef;rIukd enf;enf;uav;rS ta&;rxm; bJ? oufwrf;wpfavQufvk;H owå0gtm;vHk;wkYd Nidrf; csrf;om,ma&;? 'ku©rSuif;vGwfa&;? b0oHo&m jywfpJa&;ukd enf;ay;vrf;jy qHk;roGefoif&efae&m tESHY
îç
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
Ak '¨&Sifawmfjrwf&JU a0ae,stm;vHk; wkdYtwGuf wu,fhNidrf;csrf;a&;&&ef enf;vrf;ukd azmfxkwaf y;wJh ÓPfawmfeJY vHkYv0D&d,awmfukd uk, d pf m;jyKwJh txdr;f trSwftaeeJYom ½kyfwka&SU arSmuf 'l;axmufNyD;jzpfygw,f/
bmomrSmvnf;&Sw d ,f r[kwfvm;/ 'gudk bmomw&m; λ´·¹·±² vkYd t"dyÜg,f aumuf&if wjcm;bmomawGeJY bmxl;vkYv d J/ ajz/ 'gvnf; tckeajymcJw h t hJ wkid ;f Ak'¨uowå0g awG avmb? a'go? arm[pwJh tarSmif xk tiftm;pkawGukd wkdufckdufweG f;vSef Edkizf Y&kd ef enf;vrf;eJY vufeufay;NyD; wkduw f eG ;f awmf rlcJhwht J wGuf ewfvt l rsm;wk&dY JU &Scd kd;OD;wku d f *kPfjyK zkYd xku d fawmfrlw,f/ 'gaMumif&h cSd ;kd OD;wku d fMuw,f/ u,fawmfryl g? r}awmfryl g? *kPfusuo f a&pnf;pdrf Opömukd ay;awmfrlygvkdY awmif;cHaewmr[kwyf g/ awmif;vkv Yd nf; r&Ekid fyg/ ay;wJholuvnf; ay;vkYd jzpfEkid w f mrsKd; r[kwfyg/ ar;/ 'gjzifh ar;yg&ap? Ak'¨bmomrSm qif;wk ½kyfwkud;k uG,jf cif;&Sdw,f r[kwfygvm;/ 'gu b,fvdo k abmvJ/ ajz/ &Syd gw,f/ &Sw d ,fqkdayr,fh trSeu f awmh ½kyfwkudk ukd;uG,jf cif;? &Scd ;kd jcif;r[kwyf g/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwidk f; Ak'q ¨ kdwmb,fvdk yk*K¾d vf rsKd;ukad c:w,f/ bmukd Ak'v ¨ Yadk c:w,fqkdwm odMu ygw,f/ olwkdY½kyfwkudk &Scd kd;0wfjyKwJhtcg avmuD a&;&mqkvmbfrsm;? umrcsrf;omrsm;? vlYpnf;pdr?f ewfpnf;pdrfrsm; awmifhwarQmfvifhNyD; xkdif&Sdcd;k Mu wm r[kwfyg/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf&JU a0ae,stm;vHk; wkdYtwGuf wu,fhNidrf;csrf;a&;&&ef enf;vrf;ukd azmfxkwaf y;wJh ÚmPfawmfeJY vHkYv0D&, d awmfukd ukd,pf m;jyKwJh txdrf;trSwftaeeJYom ½kyw f ka&SU arSmuf 'l;axmufNyD;jzpfygw,f/ yef;?qDrD;?tarT; wkdifeJY opfoD;qGrf;ponf uyfvSLjcif;[m Ak'¨&Sif awmf jrwftm; t½dktaoay;wJh txd r;f trSwf (ͧ³¾±´- ±º ¬¸»·® ®»ª»®»²½» º±® ¬¸» Þ«¼ó ¼¸¿ )ygyJ/ wpfenf;ajym&&if olwkdYEIwr f S &Gwfqkd csD;usL;vkduw f hJ Ak'¨&JU*kPaf wmf? aus;Zl;awmfqikd f&m pum;vHk;rsm;ukd trTrf;wif wGef;tm;ay;wJh vu© Pm&yfrsmygyJ/
Oyrmajym&&if rdr½d dkaoav;pm;ol? cspf jrwfE;kd olrsm;aoqHk;Mu? r&SMd uwJhtcg olwY\ dk ½kyfykH um;csyfrsm;ukd av;pm;cspfcifpmG Munfh½IvkMd u? ,k,odrf;qnf;vkdMuovkdygyJ/ ar;/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;[m Ak'¨½kyw f kawmfa&SUrSm? okdYr[kwf &[ef;? oHCmawmfrsm;a&SUrSm qkawmif;qk,ljyKMuw,f r[kwfvm;/ ajz/ qkawmif;(Ю¿§»®)vkYd rac:Ekid fyg/ rac:& yg/ trSeu f awmh ur®|mef;wrsKd;ygyJ/Ak'¨? "r®? oHCmawmfrsm;\ *kPfaus;Zl;rsm;ukd ½kyfwka&SUponfrSm olwkY&d w G fqkdMuygw,f/ 'g[m olwkdYMunfnKd ½dkaowJh? olwkYEd SvHk;om;rSm tjrwf wEkd;xm;wJh *kPft&nftcsif;awGud k tm;usvkYd vm; taMumif;jywJh oabm/ tzefzef atmufarh qifjcifwhJ tEkówdoabmrsm;jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m ur®|mef;wrsKd;ygyJ/ þokYd omoemESihf Ak'¨w&m;awmftaMumif; ukd rodao;aomolwkYt d m; tcGifh&wkdif; pdw&f Snf &Snjf zifh &Sif;vif;jy&ayonf/ rdrd\twGuf qGrf; a&;udpö ajyvnfapjcif;iSm tcsdeyf kdi;f jzifh vky&f aom tvkyu f av;rsm;vnf; &Sdaeí tNrJwrf; tcsderf a&G; a[majymjcif;rjyKEkid fay/ quf vufazmfjyygrnf
íð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
xkpd mtkyfukd ususeeaphaphpyfpyf zwfí NyD;aomtcg tuREfkyüf wnfNidrfat;csr;f rI&oukd &&Syd gonf/ xkYad emuf tuREfkyu f ho J kdY wnfNidrf;at; csrf;rI&oukd (pmtkyftaejzifh taMumif;aMumif; aMumifh rzwfjzpfaom "r®pmzwfy&dowfrsm;t wGuf) &&Sdap&ef&nfoefí tyÜrm'pmpOfrS wifjy& aomfoifh\[k ESvk;H oGi;f rdygaomaMumifh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ ax½kyÜwEdå iS u fh sipfh Of pmtkyrf x S w k Ef kwf pDpOfí wifjyvkdufygonf/
¿ð¾´¯ú³¿©³º¾úµ ³åÞ«ÜåÄ Ó«²º²¼Õ¦Ùôºú³ÛÍ·º¸¬Ø¸¦Ùôºú³®-³å vSxeG ;f (r&rf;NcH) a0blq&mawmf \ tavmif;vsmonf wpfaeYoü tuREfkyfonf r[m*E¨m½Hk ausmif;wku d frS acsmjrwfEG,?f oHk;xyfausmif;tv,f xyf&Sd acsmjrwfE, G f oHCu d pmMunfhwdu k o f Ykd a&muf oGm;pOf trSwrf xif pmtkyaf umif;wpftyk u f kd zwf½I cGih&f cJhonf/ xkpd mtkyu f jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm t,f'DwmarmifausmfñeG fYjyKpkaom ]]aus;Zl;&Si f a0blq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ ax½kyÜwåd ESiu hf sipfh Of}} pmtkyfjzpf\/ pmrsufESmtm;jzifh (384) rsufESm&Sd onf/
a&Tbcdk ½dki?f cifOD;NrdKUe,f? tifMuif;yif&mG wGif 1257ck? waygif;vqef; (6)&uf? wevFmaeY (1896ck? azaz:0g&Dv? 17-&uf)eHeuf av;em&Dausmf ausmfwiG f zGm;oefYpifcJh\/ tz OD;vSaz? trda': MuifEkwdY\ k om;OD;&wemjzpfonf/ aemiftcg OD; jyL;? a':a&Tyikd ?f OD;xGe;f ZH[lí arG;csif;av;OD;&So d nf/ ¤if;wkdYvnf; q&mawmfxufapmí aoqHk;cJhMu onf/ a':a&Tyikd rf Sm oDv&Sib f 0jzifh uG,v f eG o f nf/ q&mawmfavmif;vsm\ trnfrSm armifpyfjzpf\/
íì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
§¨®ÑÜå°Ù³ §²³±·º¶½·ºå armifpyfuav;ukd ynmoifcsdet f &G,üf &m&if; tifMuif;yifausmif;q&mawmf OD;okrexH wGif tyfESHynmoifaponf/ q&mawmfonf i,f pOfuwnf;uyif bmoma&;ukd txl;ukdi;f ½Idif;\/ oDwif;uRwfwikd f; tifMuif;yifausmif;ü ausmif; om;uav;rsm;ukd rkeYaf 0avh&&dS m ¤if;&&Sdaom rkeYf rsm;ukd rpm;bJ vrf;wGifvnf;aumif;? opfyifrsm; wGifvnf;aumif; BudK;rsm;jzifh csnfqJí G pwk'Dom auR;avh&o dS nf/ q,fhav;ig;ESpt f &G,w f Gif wpf ckaom aumufvQifay:csdeüf 0if;rSnfhaeaom pyg;rsm;ukd pmapmifh&ef rdbrsm;uacsmufcdik ;f ygonf/ rdbckdif; onfhtwkdif; v,fuiG f;okdY pmacsmuf&efomG ;onf/ okY&d mwGif rdrdpyg;ukd pm;aeaom pmuav;rsm;tm; r[efYwm;? racsmufvSeYv f do k jzifh rif;wkdYvnf;pm; awmh igvnf;jyefr,f[k tdrfoYjkd yefvmonf/ zcif BuD;u rif;bmjzpfvkYd jyefvmovJ/ pmracsmufbl; vm;[kar;&m ]]olwkYq d mvkdYpm;MuwmyJ acsmufr xkwcf sib f ;l As}}[k jyefajzygonf/ zcifBuD;u acsmh armh vTwaf omfvnf; xkdtcsed u f pNyD; pmacsmuf ckdif;í r&awmhyg/
tvSef oiftH&onf/ reufwidk ;f EIww f du k &f Gwq f &kd aom ur®|mef; av;q,fukd aoaocsmcsm avhvmEkid fcJhojzifh vufawGUw&m;&onf[k qkdEkdifygonf/ tifMuif; yifausmif;wGif 0dok'¨dr*fxd oifMum;cJhonf/
úÅ»ºå½Ø¶½·ºåÛÍ·º¸ ¿©³¨Ù«º¶½·ºå
bmoma&;ukd avhvmvkdupf m;&if; wpf aeYwpfjcm; pdwt f m;xufoefvmojzifh 1277-ck? 0gqk dvwGif tifMuif;yifausmif ; c@od rfwGif q&mawmf OD;okreu OD;yZösm,fjyKí &[ef;abmif okdY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/ &[ef;b0jzifh pmayy&d,wådrsm;ukd quf vufvku d pf m;cJhonf/ y&d,wådjzifh wif;wdrfa&mif&h J raebJ y#dywåt d wGufvnf; avhvmvku d fpm;vkd aom qE´ujyif;jyvmojzifh rdwaf qG&[ef;azmf OD;okZmwESifhtwl oydww f pfvkH; ouFe;f tykdwpfpHk pDjzifh &[ef;&Sp0f g&NyD; 1285-ckESpf? uqkefvwGif awmxGufawmfrlonf/ &[ef;ESpyf g;onf a&TbNdk rdKUrlv ykord fq&m awmfbk&m;BuD;xH Oyedó,cH,l&ef qnf;uyfNyD; vQif ¤if;ESpf(1285-ckESpf)wGif ykord fawmausmif; wGif 0gqkdawmfrlonf/ 0guRwfvQif &[ef;ESpfyg; ±³®¿Ð¶§Õ¶½·ºå onf a&Tbkyd kodrfawm&rS qufxGufomG ;MuNyD; tajccH yg&rD& ifho efvmonftwkd if ; aemuf wpfae&mpDcGJí w&m;&SmMuonf/ xkadY emuf 1270-jynfhESpw f iG f tifMuif;yifausmif;ü omraP a0blq&mawmf[k ausmfMum;rnfh OD;ukrm&onf jyKoGm;ygawmhonf/ omraPb0wGif pmoifMum; rif;bl;a&Tpufawmfxd awmawmiftESHY
íë
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ar;jref;Mu&mwGif tb,ftcgrS vHk;aphygXfaphc&D; pOfukd rdefMY um;jcif;rjyK/ wpfyikd ;f wpfprQukdom ajym jyonf/ q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ wynfhwpfyg;jzpf ol OD;okreu avQmufxm;ojzifh awmxGucf &D; tawGUtBuHK wpfpdww f pfykdif;ukd rdeYMf um;cJh\/ ]]iguGm c&D;oGm;&if; oabFmqdyfwpfck a&mufomG ;w,f/ tcsdeu f qGrf;&wJhtcsed rf wkid frD aygh/ ouFe;f uvnf;pkwfpkw?f oydwaf ygufeJYqkd awmh qGr;f qkdif(xrif;qkdif)awGu vufrcHMubl;/ iguvnf; oajyyif&dyfatmufomG ;NyD; at;at; aq;aq; w&m;xkid faevku d fwmaygh/ a&TrsufrSef ukd,af wmfawGusawmh qGr;f qkdifawGu [kdqkid fu yif 'Dqdik fuyifhayghav/ tJ'Dtcsed q f rG ;f &avmufNyD qkdNyD; qGrf;cHxu G fawmh [kduavmif; 'Duavmif;eJY jzpfvmawmhrS apmapmu vSnhaf wmifrMunhfwJh a&TrsufrSeu f kd,af wmfawG[m ighuk*d ½kpkdufvmNyD; ae&may;Muw,f/ ighudpöNyD;awmh ykw d JhqGr;f awG xm;cJhwmaygh/tJ'Dbek ;f BuD;awG&wmaygh}}[k OD;okre tm; rdeYMf um;cJhonf/
ul;ajymif;vmaom tDwvDvlrsK;d bke;f awmfBuD; OD;avmuemxonf a0blq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; tm; a&Tbk d a tmif a jrokd Y vma&muf a wGU qHkz l;arQmf í bmoma&;taMumif; aqG;aEG;&if; OD;avmuemx onf ]]a0blq&mawmf t&Siu f krm&onf &[EÅm vkYd ausmMf um;aeygonf/&[EÅmqkw d m rSeyf govm;}} [k ar;avQmufawmfrlonf/ a0blq&mawmfu ]]wkYrd sm; c&D;oGm;yk*K¾d vf ygAsm}}[k ajzNyD;aemuf ]]vrf;rSm &wema&TaiG ausmufoHywåjrm;awG awGU&if ajym&yghrvm;}}[k OD;avmuemxuk, d af wmfukd ar;jref;awmfrlonf/ OD;avmuemxu ]]rajymygbk&m;}}[k jyefíajzonfwiG f q&mawmfbk&m;u ]]at;Asm 'Dvkyd gyJ}}[k rdeYaf wmfrlonf/ xko d kdY rdeYMf um;ojzifh OD;avmuemxESifh twlygvmaom pum;jyefu ]]a0blq&mawmf onf &[EÅmvkaYd jzaMumif;}} t*Fvyd fae&Si;f owif; pmokdY owif;ykdYonf/ xko d wif;rSm ae;&Sif;owif; pm rsufESmzHk;ü ]]a0blq&mawmf &[EÅmESifh OD; avmuemxawG}}[lí owif;xnfhvdkufojzifh úÅÛ;³Åµ ±®µ©º½Øú¶½·ºå ]]&[EÅm}}[k owif;ykdrdjk yefYomG ;aom taMumif; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf tif Muif;yif onfvnf; wpfaMumif;yg0ifygonf/ ausmif;rS 1285-ckESpf? uqkefvwGif awmxGuf ausmufqnfwiG f jrLeDpyD ,fypf',fukvm; awmfrNl yD; tif;Muif;yifokYd jyefa&mufonft h csed w f iG f (rdvmukvm;)wpfO;D u wpfaeYaomeHeufwiG f jrefrm w&m;&vmNyDjzpf\/ okjYd zpfí oufawmf (31)ESprf mS bke;f BuD; okomefuaeí aumif;uifc&D;jzifh ysH
íê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
jcif;rsm;jzifh ajzawmfrlcJhonf/
¯¤±öÚ¹ô»³§ÙÖ±¼¸µ §·º¸¦¼©º½Ø¿©³º®´¶½·ºå 1315 (1953)-ckESpf? q&mawmf wuú okdv"f r®m½Hkü oDwif;oHk;pOf &efukerf S usm;ul;q&m awmfESifh wHUG aw;q&mawmfwdYk vma&mufawGUqHkí q|o*Fg,emwifyGJeD;NyD jzpfojzifhq&mawmfwuf a&mufapvkdaMumif;? y&d,wfrSmjynfhpHkayr,f y#d ywfwiG f q&mawmfygrS jynfhpHkrnfjzpfaMumif;avQmuf xm;um jyef
xyfü owif;oHk;&onf/ wwd,aeYü anmif&rf;q&mawmfbk&m; BuD;ESifh tjrifhqk;H ae&mwGif ae&may;jcif; cH,al wmf rlNyD;aemuf anmif&rf ;q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf a0blq&mawmfbk&m;tm; vkdPf*layguftxd vkduf ykdYum y&dowfwkYt d m; ]]a0blq&mawmfwJh zl;Mu zl;Mu}}[k rdeYaf wmfrlonf/
¯ú³¿©³º¾úµ ³åÞ«ÜåÄ ¬Ø¸¦Ùô¶º ¦°ºú§º¯»ºå®-³å a&Tbkd NrdKUü q&mawmfbk&m; oDwif;oHk; awmfrlpOf wpfaeYoü a&Tbdak tmifjrifausmif;wkduf 'umrBuD;a':pdev f iG fonf tBuD;tus,f rrmr usef;jzpfonf/ trsKd;rsKd;ukoaomfvnf; a&m*gr a&GUaMumif; edAÁmefaqmf OD;wifatmifu q&mawmf
íé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
bk&m;tm; vma&mufavQmufxm;NyD; a&pifawmif; cHonf/ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a&pifcsD;jrSihaf wmf rlNyD; oHacsmif;xacgufawmfr&l m oHCmrsm;? a,m*D ESihf oDv&Sifrsm;pka0;a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ xkdtcg q&mawmfu ]]ausmif;0kid f;xJu ql;awGaumufNyD; tjyifuykd pfMu? NyD;awmh t*Fgom;orD;usef;rmap &ef qkawmif;ay;Mu}}[k rdeYaf wmfrlonf/ q&m awmf trdeY&f Sdonfhtwkid f; aqmif&u G fMuonf/ xkd okdY aqmif&u G fMuNyD; ESpf&ufajrmufaomaeYwiG f a':pdev f iG u f kd,w f dik f q&mawmfausmif;okYd qGrf;vm ydo kY nf/ a':pdev f iG frSm xl;jcm;pGm aeaumif;vmjcif; jzpf&m q&mawmf\ arwåmwefckd;awmfyifjzpf\/ &efukeNf rdKUwGif aemufqkH;oDwif;oHk;awmf rlpOf a&Tbdak tmifajrausmif;'um a&SUaeBuD;OD;tke;f az?a':pdev f iG fwY\ dk om; OD;wifarmifjrifhonf q&m awmftm; zl;ajrmf&ef tif;av;"r®m½HkokadY &muf&do S Gm; \/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf oifjzL;zsmay:wGif vJavSmif ;vsuf oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl&m OD;wif armifjrifhtm;jrifvQif vufukdqefYay;\/ OD;wif armif jrif hvnf; vufud kqkyfe,fay;awmf rl&if; ]]&[EÅmqkv d Qif wawmifqpftquf[m uGi;f quf jzpf&r,f/igprf;Munfhr}S }[k tBuHjzpfvQif q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf qefYxm;aomvufukd jyef½kwo f drf; oGm;awmfrlrS OD;wifarmifjrifhvnf; pdwrf aumif; jzpf&\/ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf olwpfyg;pdwu f l; tBuHudo k daom tbdnmOf&yk*¾dKvfxl;jzpfaMumif; ,HkrmS ;oHo,jzpfp&m r&Sad tmif om"uaygif;rsm;pGm &Syd gonf/ &efukeNf rdKU? ql;av A[krd D;owfrS rD;owf t&m&Sd OD;cspfatmifESifh yef;bJwef;ESifhausmufwH wm;NrdKUe,f?ynma&;rSL; a':oef;oef;wifh?a'oEÅ& q&m0ef a':oef;oef;wif? OD;at;armifwkYo d nf tif;av;"r®m½HkwiG f oDwif;oHk;aeaom a0blq&m awmfbk&m;BuD;xH ouFef;uyfvSL&efomG ;&m? tcsdef rSm n(9)em&D&SdNyDjzpfí q&mawmftcef;rSm wHcg;
ydwNf yD;jzpf\/ OD;cspfatmifu tm½HkjyKNyD; wHcg; awmif;&m wHcg;zGio fh MH um;&ojzifh rD;&xm;rif;BuD; OD;ode;f ñGeYu f puúefYykdif;twGif; rD;0ifziG haf y;onf/ okdYaomf wHcg;ESifhay (50)cefYtuGmwGif q&mawmf onf xkdifvsuo f m; oDwif;oHk;aeojzifh rsm;pGm tHhMoMu&onf/ ausmufqnf rlv*E¨uk#D'g,um rdwDv ¬ m ta&;ykdif OD;bxkdufrSm cGih, f lNyD; q&mawmfbk&m; BuD;xH w&m;vmxkid af e&mrS cGihaf phí jyefrnfavQmuf &m? q&mawmfBuD;onf a&SUjzpfay:vmrnfh ab; tEÅ&m,fukd jrifawmfrlí ]]q,f&ufavmufaeyg OD;}}[k wm;jrpf&m? OD;bxkdufu cGifhapojzifh r qkdif;EkdifaMumif; avQmufxm;&m ]]ckESpf&ufaum Asm? tenf;qHk;oHk;&ufavmuf}}[k tqifhqifah vQmh NyD; wm;awmfrlaomfvnf; tvkyfwm0efrsm;jym;í yifpif,lNyD;rS q&mawmfoabmus w&m;jyef0if rnf[k avQmufxm;\/ aemufqkH;wm;r&ojzifh cGiv fh w T af wmfrlí &xm;ESifhtjyef rEÅav;ESirfh wå&m Mum;rSmyif rkdif;AHk;xdí uG,v f eG f&&Smonf/ wpfcgu olckd;wpfOD; q&mawmfbk&m; oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaom ausmif;wGiq f &mawmfr&S[ d k txifjzifh wkid fuyfem&DwufjzKwf&m jyeftqif;ü xGuaf yguf&mS r&jzpfae\/ xkdpOfq&mawmfb&k m;u ]][Jh ..'um? 'Duqif;}}[k vrf;jyrS vrf;awGU&\/
¿ð¾´¯ú³¿©³º¾úµ ³åÞ«Üå ½Ûx³ð»º½-¿©³º®´¶½·ºå jrefrmEkid if HwiG f &[EÅm[kausmfaZmxif&Sm; awmfrlaom a0blq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf jrwfpGm bk&m;aomfrS rvGefqefEkdifaom aojcif;w&m;ukd oufawmf(82)ESpf? 0gawmf (62)0g? 1339-ck? yxr 0gqkdvqef; (11)&uf (1977-ck? ZGev f 26-&uf) we*FaEGaeYn (7)em&D? rdepf(30)wGif ESvk;H a&m*gjzifh ppfukdif;wkdif; cifOD;NrdKUe,f? tifMuif;yif ur®|mef; awm&ausmif;wkdufü cE¨m0efcsawmfrlonf/ vSxeG f; (r&rf;NcH)
íè
www.foreverspace.com.mm
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
½-°º¶®©ºÛµ¼å¶½·ºå¬¨¿¶®³«º¿±³ ¬úÍ·º±µ®»ø¿úÌö´÷ (,cifvrStquf) (3) vuform;q&mBuD; xGufajy;oGm;aomf vnf; aAm"drif;om;taejzifh pdwt f aESmifht,Suf awmh rjzpfcJh/ jyom'ftaqmufttHv k nf; NyD;pD;ae aomaMumifjh zpfonf/ aAm"drif;om;u aumue' jymom'fwuf r*FvmyGJusif;y&ef pDpOfonf/ xkd umvü bk&m;&Sifu okokrm&*d&NrdKU\ om;orif wkdYukd ab;rJhay;xm;onfh aoouVyJpif;iHkawm wGif oDwif;oHk;aeonfhtcsed jf zpfonf/ aAm"drif;om;u oli,fcsif;oOÆdumykwå ukd oGm;a&mufwkid fyifonf/ bk&m;&Sif&&Sd mokdY oGm; a&mufay;apvkdNyD;? rdrd\qGrf;ukdvufcHay;yg&ef ukd,pf m;avQmufwifcikd ;f onf/ bk&m;&SifxaH wmfukd a&mufvmcJhaom oOÆu d mykwåu bk&m;&Sif\ajc awmfukd OD;ckdufvdu k fonf/ ]]t&Sijf rwfbk&m;? aAm"drif;om;u t&Sif jrwfb&k m;ukd ½dkaopGmajcawmfwkYu d kd OD;wku d yf gw,f/ tema&m*guif;NyD; csr;f ompGmae&ygovm;vkv Yd nf; ar;jref;vkdufygw,f/ vm&if;taMumif;uawmh r eufjzefrSm aAm"drif;om;&JU qGr;f qufuyfru I kd t&Sif jrwfb&k m;ESihw f uG &[ef;oHCmawmfawGyg vufcH awmfrlzkdY olY&JU ukd,pf m;wynfhawmfu vma&muf yifhavQmuftyfygw,f t&Sijf rwfbk&m;}} oOÆu d mykwå\ yifhavQmufjcif;ukd bk&m; &Sifu vufcHawmfrlvku d fonf/ aAm"drif;om;u rdr\ d qGr;f ukd vufcaH Mumif; jyefvnfMum;od&aom tcg tvGet f rif;0rf;omoGm;\/ rdrw d iG f tBuHt pnf&Sdonf/ rdrd\ tawG;tBuHukd *kPfowif;BuD; rm;aom t&Siaf *gwru xkwaf zmfajymqkEd kdifvrd fh rnf[k aAm"drif;om;u wGufqxm;onf/
aAm"drif;om;wkdY\ ZeD;armifESHwiG f tvkd tyfqHk;t&m&Sad eonf/ t&Sed t f 0g? pnf;pdrfcsrf;om? taptyg; tppt&m&mjynfhpHkaeaomfvnf; rdom; pktwGuf tdrfqnf;vnf;oHqdwo f kOf;ae&onf/ ZeD;armif ESHb0wGif om;orD;rxGef;um;olawG tjzpf a&mufae&onf/ aAm"drif;om;u bk&m;&Si\ f *kPo f wif;awGukd Mum;zl;aecJhonf/ bk&m;&Sif wkYu d kd t"du&aumif;rIukokdvjf yKvkyjf cif;jzifh rdrdwkYd \ vkdvm;tyfaomt&m? awmifhwtyfaomt&m wkYd qE´jynfh0apEkid o f nf[k ,HkMunfro d nf/ xkd,kMH unf ouf0ifrItm;jzifh bk&m;&Sifukd aAm"drif;om; u qGrf;qufuyfvSL'gef;jcif;omjzpfonf/ bk&m;&SifESifh &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;
ìð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
BudKjyKxm;onf/ ydwjf zLvTm ykqkd;cif;xm;aom OD;qkH;avS um;xpfta&mufwiG f bk&m;&Sif\ ajcawmftpHk &yfwefYomG ;onf/ aAm"drif;om;u bk&m;&Sifukd xdjcif;ig;yg;jzifh &Scd k;d vku d fonf/ xkYad emuf rwfwyf &yfum ukd,u f kd,kYNd yD; bk&m;&Sif\ vufawmfwGif&Sd aom oydwu f ½kd dk½dkaoao vSr;f ,lonf/ bk&m;&Sif uvnf; oydwu f kdtvku d foifh vSr;f ay;awmfrl vkduf\/ avSum;cHkay:ukd wufa&mufrvSr;f
ydwjf zLvTm ykqk;d cif;xm;aom OD;qkH;avSum;xpfta&mufwiG f bk&m;&Si\ f ajcawmftpHk &yfwefYoGm;onf/ aAm"drif;om;u bk&m;&Siu f kd xdjcif;ig;yg;jzifh &Scd dk;vkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf rwfwyf &yfum uk, d fukd,dkYNyD; bk&m;&Sif\ vufawmfwiG f&Sdaom oydwu f kd½dk½dkaoaovSrf;,lonf/ u rnfokdYenf;jzifhrQ jyKawmfrlrnfr[kwf/ om; orD; rjzpfxeG ;f Ekdiaf om rif;om;pifppfjzpfygvsuf ykqk;d tcif;ukd eif;cJhrnfqkad omf? bk&m;&SifwdYu k kd txifu& jrwfEd;k ,HkMunfrjI zifh jyKc&Jh aom aumif;rI ukokdvt f usK;d um; t&mrxifacs/ awmifhwtyf wkid f;aom vkt d ifqE´jynfh0onfqkdonfh avmu pum;wkYu d m; vdrfnmjcif;om jzpfayonf[k aAm"d rif;om;taejzifh rdpämt,lüpGEJ ikd favonf/ wpfzef wdwdr¬ sm;uvnf; &[ef;awGu ywfjzLtcif;uked if; NyD; wvGihv f iG fh? wvTm;vTm; vSnv hf nfaeMuw,f/ &[ef;awGtzkdY rvky0f Hhaom t&mum;r&SMd uavNyD [k uJh&JUjypfwifpum;vnf; qkdaumif;qkdEkdio f mG ; rnf/ bk&m;&Siaf wmf&pSd Ofumvüyif olwpfyg;wkYd \ pdwt f ajctaeudkodaom tbdnmOf& &[ef; rsm;vnf ; &SdaeMuonf/ tbdnmOf&&SdMuaom &[ef;wkYu d ykq;kd tcif;tm; eif;xkduf? reif;xkduu f kd {uefrkcsodaeonf/ okYad omfbk&m;&Sif y&deAd ÁmefpH
ìï
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
0ifawmfrlNyD; aemifwpfcsdecf gwGif owå0grsm;\ r*f? zkdv&f &m&aMumif; aumif;rIOyedó,u aESmifhaES; aeayrnf/ xkt d cg tem*wfta&;ukd odEkdifrnf r[kwfawmh/ tu,ffí tem*wf&[ef;rsm;u ydwf jzLtcif;ukd eif;cJhonf&Sdaomf? tcif;&Siftaejzifh awmifhwwkdif;jynfhpHkoGm;ygu taMumif;r[kw/f r jynfhpckH Jhaomf vk&d mqkuakd wmifhwí r&Ekid f[k tawG; tjriftodrsm;? ajymif;vJ&SifoefomG ;Ekdif\/ bk&m; &Sif&SdpOfu &[ef;rsm;om tusifhy#dywfusifhMu onf/ ,ckumvwGif &[ef;wkdYu tusihyf #dywf ukd rjznfhrpGrf;? rusifhaqmif[k txiftrSwrf Sm; ,Gi;f Ekdiaf vonf/ xkdokdYaomtaMumif;wkYad Mumifh bk&m;&Sifu aAm"drif;om;\ ykqkd;cif;ydwjf zLvTmukd eif;awmfrljcif; rjyKcJhay/ ykqkd;tcif;vTmukd eif;awmfrrlaomtcg aAm"drif;om;\ arQmfvifhcsufwdYo k nf uGJtufNydK ysufomG ;awmh\/ twwfEkdifqkH; rsufESmxm;rñId; Egrf;ap&ef xde;f xde;f odrf;odrf;aevkdu&f onf/ t aqmifwiG f;rSxGufvmaom tarG;eHYomav;yg;wkdY u oif;ysHUarT;BudKifum ylaZmfaeavonf/ ykq;kd tcif;ukd ½kwo f drf;vkdu&f onf/ xkt d cgusrS bk&m; &Sifu avSum;cHkukd eif;NyD; jymom'faqmifwiG f;okdY 0ifawmfrl\/ vSya0qmatmif xkd;pkdufxm;aom yef;tkd;rsm;xJrS MumjzL? opömyef;? uHaumf? pHy,f rsm;u taqmif\cHhnm;rIukd rGrf;rHvrd f;usHxm;ay; ouJhokY&d Sdae\/ bk&m;&SifESifh &[ef;oHCmawmfwkYu d kd t qif;? teHY? t&omwkdYESihf jynfhpHkaumif;rGefaom qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOfwdYu k kd qufuyfavonf/ qGrf; udpörsm; NyD;jynfhpkaH omtcg aAm"drif;om;u tjrwf wEkd;av;pm;um oifhtyfonfhae&mwGif ykqpfwkyf um xkid fvdu k fonf/ xkdtcku d f olYeHab;tyg;ukd oOÆu d mykwåvnf; a&mufvm\/
(4) pifppfaAm"drif;om;taejzifh o'¨gw&m; xufxuf&pd S mG uk, d w f dik u f , kd u f s o&P*HkwnfcJhol r[kwfao;/ rdrdwdYt k wGuf om;orD; &Ekid ?f r&Ekdif odcsiv f pkd dwu f kd a&SU½Ium jymom'fwufyJG taMumif; jyvsuf qGrf;qufuyfjcif;jzpfaeonf/ xkdtwGuf bk&m;&SifESihf &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ukd tav;tjrwf jyK ½dkao&jcif;yif/ qGr;f udpNö yD;pD;aeNyDjzpfí bk&m; &Sifukd aAm"drif;om;u avQmufxm;tyfvu kd fonf/ ]]t&Sijf rwfbk&m;? tuREfkyf&JU pdwx f JrSm awG;rdwm&Sdygw,f/ tJ'guawmh csr;f omokcqkd wm tvG,w f ul &Ekid fwmrsK;d r[kwb f ;l / 'kuq © if;&J eJY uRrf;0if&if;ESD;NyD;rSyJ csrf;omokcukd &Edkirf ,fvkYd xifygw,f}} bk&m;&Siu f aAm"drif;om;\tawG;ukd ESpf oufoabmusawmfrlNyD; NyHK;awmfrlrnfuJhokdY jzpf avonf/ jyefvnfred YMf um;awmfrlrnfhpum;ukd iHh vifh&if; bk&m;&Sifukd aAm"drif;om;u MunfhaeqJ yif/ ]]toifrif;om;?oifhvt dk awG;rsK;d igvnf; opömw&m;av;yg;ukd xk;d xGi;f rod;ao;wJh tavmif; awmfb0uyJ awG;cJzh l;w,f/ ig od'¨wb ¬ 0wke;f u qkd arG;zGm;oefYpifcsdeu f pvkdY ysKdrspfEke,fwht J &G,x f d NyD;jynfhpHkpmG aecJh&wmyJ/ t&G,faumif;&SdaecdkufrSm yJ rdbawGuvnf; rESpo f ufEikd f? ZeD;Muif,mawmf vnf; rsuf&nfpufvufeJY usefcJh&r,fhtjzpfukd vspfvsL½INyD; zef&nfqkd;wJht0wfukd 0wfcJhw,f rif;om;/ tJ'Dvkd &[ef;jyKwmuvnf; b,ft&m [m taumif;qHk;jzpfrvJ? aemufNyD; jrifhjrwfwJh Nirf;at;&med AÁmef ukd &SmazGcJhwmyJ/ tJ'Daemuf tmVm&qDuae jrwfaomtusiu hf o kd ifw,f/wpfcg O'u omoem&JUjrwfaomtusihu f kd &SmazGoifMum; cJhw,f rif;om;/ 'gayr,fh ...}} bk &m;&Si f u umvmrtEG,f jzpfonf h tmVm& &aohESihf &mr\om; O'u&aohwx dYk w H iG f
ìî
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
bk&m;&Si&f pSd Ofu &[ef;rsm;om tusihyf #dywfusifhMu onf/ ,ckumvwGif &[ef;wkdYu tusihyf #dywfukd rjznfhrpGr;f ? rusifhaqmif[k txiftrSwrf Sm; ,Gif;Ekdiaf vonf/ xkdodYak omtaMumif;wkYad Mumifh bk&m;&Siu f aAm"drif;om;\ ykqkd;cif;ydwjf zLvTmukd eif;awmfrljcif;rjyKcJhay/
ppfrSeaf om Nidrf;at;jcif;w&m;r&&SdcJhaMumif;/ tm Vm&qDrS tmudOönm,webHkESihf O'uqDrS ae0 onmemonm,webHkwkYüd om tusKd;&&SdjzpfcJhyHk/ olwkdYxHrS z,fcmG um O½ka0vawmaoemed*Hk;ukd a&muf&dNS yD; ur®|mef;w&m;ukd tm;xkwfcJhaMumif;/ wGefYwdjk cif;r&Sdaom vHkYvjzifh tm;xkwfaomfvnf; opömw&m;ukd rodjrifao;aMumif;/ xkdrS tpmtm pm&wkYu d kd jzwfawmufNyD; usifhBuHtm;xkwfyHk/xkd tcg tm[m&csKdUwJhErG f;yg;vmrIaMumifh 0rf;a&ESihf ausmukef;½dk;u wpfom;wnf;uyfomG ;onfxd jzpf
&yHk/ usifBuD;? usifi,fpGefYrnf[k xoGm;ckdufwiG f OD;pku d fuRrf;jyef ypfvJusonftxd jzpf&aMumif;/ awGUjrifomG ;Muaom vlwYu dk trsKd;rsKd;xifaMu;ay; oGm;MuaMumif;/ rdrdu tm[m&ukd jyefvnfrSDckd aomtcg yOö0*¾DwkYu d rdrdukdypön;f rsm;jym;jcif;iSm usio fh nf/ ur®|mef;tm;xkwfrIrS xGufoljzpfonf/ ypön;f rsm;jym;vkrd ItwGuf vSnhv f nfonf[k ,lq um xGufcmG oGm;MuaMumif;/ Murf;wrf;qif;&Jaom tpmtm[m&wku dY kd om;oHk;NyD; tm;uk;d ,lum umr*kPfrsm;rS qdwo f kOf; cJh&aMumif;/ xkdwiG f yxrpsmef? 0dwuf? 0dpm&wkdY Nidr;f NyD; 'kw, d psmefa&mufrI? xkadY emuf wwd,psmef? pwkwp¬ smefwjdYk zifh tqifq h ifha&muf&&dS yHk/wnfMunf aompdw?f pifMu,faompdw?f tnpftaMu;jrLrIef rQ ruyfNidawmhbJ wnfwhpH Gm rwkev f yI af omtjzpf &&Sd NyD;aemuf a&SUwGijf zpfcJhzl;aom cE¨mtpOfukd atmufarhjrifEkdiaf om ykaAÁe0d gomEkówd ÚmPf ukd a&SU½IcyJh Hk/ OD;pGmaom 0dZmÆ ukd &&Sjd cif;jzpfaMumif;/ xkrd Squfí owå0gwkdY\ jzpfay:qJ? aoqJ? ,kwf aomowå0g? jrwfaomowå0gwkY\ d vm;&mukdjrif aom 'dAÁpu©KÚmPf/ xkYad emuftqHk;wkdifaom tm oa0gw&m;wkY\ d jzpfrItaMumif;ESifh tmoa0g w&m;wkdY\ csKyfNidrf;&m edAÁmefukd [kwfwkd if;rSefpmG odc&hJ yHk/ y#doaE¨aerI uif;pifjywfawmufchNJ yD; jrwf aomtusifhukd usifhoHk;NyD;í vHk;0jzpfaom 0dZmÆ ÚmPftvif;a&mifjzpfay:&&SdcJhaMumif;rsm;pGmwkdYukd aphaphii a[majymawmfrlvdu k o f nf/ aAm"drif;om;u bk&m;&Sif\ BudK;yrf;usifh BuHtm;xkwcf JhyHkrsm;ukd pdwt f rSe;f tqjzifh rsuf0ef; xJ jrifa,mifvmrdatmif yHkazmfMunhrf o d nf/bk&m; &SifESifhwuG bk&m;&Si\ f w&m;"r®tay:wGif tm½Hk ñGwaf ysmif;usvmcJh\/ bk&m;&Siu f qufNyD; rdrdod tyf NyD;aomt&monf odyf onf;euf eJrIaMumif h umr*kPfwiG f arGUavsmfaeaom owå0gwkdY em; vnfEkid frnfr[kwf/ w&m;a[maomfvnf; usiBfh uH
ìí
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
Edkirf nfr[kwfaomaMumifh yifyef;½Hkom&Sdrnf/ xkd twGuf w&m;ra[mawmh&ef tBuHjzpfrdaMumif;/ xkdwiG f o[rÜwjd A[®mu a&muf&dv S mNyD;/ avmu wGif ynmrsufp&d dNS yD; udavomjrLenf;yg;wJholawG &Syd gao;w,f/ tJ'o D wå0gawG[m w&m;rem&wm aMumifh qHk;½IH;ae&ygw,f/ *kdP;f q&mBuD;awG&JU r pifMu,fwJh rdpämt,ltquvnf; xif&Sm;&Sdaeyg w,f/ obm0tavsmufukd odawmfrlNyD;wJh jrwfpmG bk&m;u edAÁmefwHcg;ukd zGifhvSpaf y;awmfrlyg/ y#d oaE¨aejcif;? tkdjcif;? emjcif;rsm; ESdyfpufcHaeMu& NyD; pkd;&drfylaqG;jcif;rsm;pGm usa&mufaewJh owå0g taygif;ukd Munf½h Iawmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;awmif; yeftyfaMumif;/ xkduJhoYkd o[rÜwjd A[®m\ awmif; yefrIaMumifh owå0gwkdYukd iJhnmNyD;awmif;yefrIukd todtrSwjf yK&jcif;jzpfaMumif;/ xkYad emuf w&m;a[mvQif tvsit f jref odem;vnfEkdirf nf holukd qifjcifawmfrlaomtcg tmVm&&aohukd a&S;OD;pGma[mrnf[k awG;rdaMumif;/ okdYaomf ÚmPfynmxufjrufaom tmVm&u ao qHk;cJhonfrSm ckepf&ufyif&SdomG ;aMumif;/ wpfzef O'u&aohudk tOD;qHk;w&m;a[mrnf awG;BuHrd aomfvnf; raeYuyif O'uvnf; aoqHk;cJhNyDjzpf aMumif;/ xkdtcg tvkyt f auR;jyKcJhaom yOö0*¾D tpk&&dS m £odywerd*'g0keu f kd
q&mtjzpf rxm;&Scd Jhb;l vkYd ajym Mum;vkdufw,f}} ]]tJ'Dvkd ighrSmq&mr&Sdbl;/ igeJYwlwhJol vnf; r&Sb d ;l / ewfew YJ uGavmurSm ighu, kd kOb f uf jzpfEdkifwJh yk*dK¾ vfvnf;r&Sdbl;/ ig[m avmurSm &[EÅm? twkr&Sw d Jhol? ewf vlwkY&d JUq&myJ/ wpf enf;taeeJYqkd &if txl;xl;tvHk;pHkw&m;awGukd ukd,w f dik fxd;k xGif;odcJhwJhtwGuf bk&m;pifppfjzpf w,f/ tJ'gaMumifh "r®pMumw&m;ukd a[majymzkYd umodwdik ;f ? Am&mPoDuo kd mG ;rvkYyd J/ tuef;vkdjzpf aewJh avmuukw d &m;"r®eJY vif;vufawmufyap r,fvdYk ajymvkdufw,f/}} ]]tJ'Dawmh olu igh&Siaf jymwJhtwkdif;qkd &if tqHk;r&Sw d hJ ÓPfeYjJ ynfhpNkH yD; rm&fig;yg;ukd atmif Ekid fwhJ bk&m;jzpfxu dk fygw,fvYdk jyefajymw,f/igu vnf; Oyu tmoa0gw&m;awG ukejf cif;ukad &muf wJh igvkyd k*¾dKvfawG[m wu,fawmh ZdeyJ/ ig[m rkqk;d ,kwrf mwJh tukokdvw f &m;awGukd atmifjrif cJhwmjzpfvdYk Zdetrnf&ayw,fvdYv k nf; ajymvkduf a&m-Oyu wuúwGe;f u? tif; ...igh&Sif tJ'Dvkd vnf;jzpfEikd fygw,f/ [kwyf gvdrrhf ,fqNkd yD; acgif;w ndwn f w d ef JY vrf;z,fvJNT yD; xGufomG ;awmhwmyJ rif;om;}} bk&m;&Sifu pum;p cPwefv Y u dk fcsed w f iG f aAm"drif;om;u OyuwuúweG ;f \ toGiftjyifukd awG;jrifrdNyD; NyHK;jzpfoGm;onf/ bk&m;&Sifu yOö0*¾D wdkYonf tpykid f;wGif r,HkouFmjzpfaeaomfvnf; aemufqk;H wGif rdrd\opömw&m;av;yg;ukd od&Sdem; vnfoGm;MuNyD; t&[wåzdkvüf wnfMuaMumif;wkdY ukd tus,w f 0ifh aphaphpyfpyfa[mawmfrlav\/ aemufvqufzwfyg
ìì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
«µô¼ Ƹº ³©º«µ¼ ±¼Ó«§¹¿©³¸ t&Sif&mZdE´(uHr)
Zmwf .../ Zmwfqw kd m ygVdpmayuae qif;oufvmwJh pum;av;wpfckyg/ jrefrmpum; ppfppfawmh r[kwyf gbl;/ Zmwd qkdwJh ygVdpum;uae qif;vm wm/ t"dyÜg,fu ]jzpfjcif;}wJh/ t&yfoHk;uawmh Zmwdukd ]arG; zGm;jcif;}vkdY t"dyÜg,faumufMu w,f/ ]trsKd ;tEG,f vk Yd vnf ; ajymw,f/ arG;zGm;&m Xme}vkdY vnf; qkdMuw,f/ ]p½dku}f vkYd vnf; em;vnfxm;Muw,f/ Oyrmqkyd gawmh ZmwfyGJ aygh/ vlYp½dkut f oGio f P²mef wpf
ìë
enf;tm;jzifh ouf&daS wG&JU p½dkuf vu©PmawGukd yHkay:atmif yHk azmfNyD; oP²mefvkyf o½kyfwl atmif ujywJhtcrf;tem;ukdyJ ZmwfyGJvkdY ac:Muw,f/ 'gjzifh&if Zmwfqkw d m onf arG; zGm;vmuwnf ; u p½dkufESifhwuG arG;zGm;vmwm/ ADZESihw f uG arG;zGm;vmwmvkYd qkd &r,f/ Zmwdqkdwm arG;zGm;jcif;? p½dkufpojzifh t"dyÜg,faumufvYdk &wmuk;d / 'gaMumifhrkdYvkYv d nf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufukd arG;zGm;&m t&yf ukd pGJNyD;awmh olYZmwd u
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
awmh b,fu?bmtrsKd;tEG,fyJ pojzifh cGJjcm;NyD; ajymaeMuwm aygh/ bmjzpfvYdk tJovkd cGEJ ikd fwm vJqd&k if wpfa,mufew YJ pfa,muf ZmwdrwlvkYd cGJEkdifwmaygh/ bm jzpfvYdk ZmwdrwlwmvJ/ y#doaE¨ pdwu f kd tajccHvmwJh ADZuGJvkdY aygh/ ADZuGJawmh p½dkuv f u©Pm toGiftjyifawGvnf; tukev f JG awmhwmaygh/ tJ'gawGua&m bmjzpf vkdY uGJwmvJvkdY ar;&if ukd,f ukd,w f kid f BuHpnf? ajymqk?d vkyf ukdifcJhwJh tvkyaf Mumifh uGJwm aygh/ tvkyv f ky&f mrSmvnf; pdwf ae? pdwx f m;yHck sif; rwlMuvkYd uGJ w,faygh/ owå0gwpfOD;&JU Zmwd [m b,f uaepovJqkd awmh y#doaE¨aewJh tcsdeu f pwifNyD; b,frSmoHk;ovJqkdawmh pkwu d s (ao)wJhtcgrSm qHk;ygw,f/twd tusqk&d &if y#doaE¨pw d &f JU O yg'fcPuae pwifjzpfNyD;awmh pkwpd dw&f JU XDumvrSm qHk;w,f vkdY qkd&r,f/ olYukd jzpfay:ap Ekid w f hJ taMumif;w&m;awGu uk okdv?f tukodkvv f dkYac:wJh t aMumif;w&m;awGygyJ/ Zmwd &J U jzpf &mae&m awGuawmh (31)Xme&Sdw,f/bHk (31)ukd ajymwmvkdYrSwyf g/ tJ'g awGuawmh tyg,f(4)bHk? vlb Y k?H ewfjynf (6)xyf? ½lyjA[®mhbu kH (16)bHk? t½lyjA[®mhbku H (4)bHk
aygif;vkdufawmh (31)bHkaygh/ tMurf ;tm;jzif ha wmh? owå0gawG&JU ZmwdukdMunfhNyD; 'k*w ¾ t d [dwyf kxkZOfyk*dK¾ vf?ok*wd t[dwf ykxkZOfyk*dK¾ vf? 'Gd[dwf ykxkZOfyk*¾Kd vf? wd[dwyf kxkZOf yk*K¾d vf?r*¾|mefyk*Kd ¾vfu (4)a,muf zv|mefyk*d¾Kvfu (4)a,muf? aygif;-wpfusdyfESpfa,mufqkdNyD; awmh rSwv f dY&k ygw,f/ 'k*¾wt d [dwfyk*dK¾ vfqkd wm b,fvkyd k*dK¾ vfrsKd;ukd ac:o vJqdak wmh ESpq f ,hfav;em&Dywf vH;k ? tcsed jf ynfh? qif;&J'kut © zHzk Hkukd awGUBuHKcHpm;ae&wJh yk*dK¾ vfrsKd;ukd ac:ygw,f/b,fXme b,fbkrH Sm awGU&rvJqd&k if tyg,f(4)bHkrSm om awGU&ygw,f/ ok *wdt[d wfykxkZOf yk*dK¾ vfqkdwmuawmh ukodv k &f JU t[kepf rG f;tm;aMumifhbkHaumif; bHkoefYawGrSm vmjzpf&ayr,fvYdk tukov kd &f JUt[kwf rukew f t hJ cg usawmh vljzpfawmhvnf; vleJY twl?ewfjzpfjyefawmhvnf; ewf csrf;omukd tjynfht0r&? jA[®m b0ukd &jyefawmhvnf; r*fzkdvf ukdrS reD;Ekdiaf wmhwhJ atmufwef; pm; yk*¾dKvfawGvYkd rSw&f r,f/tJ'D yk*¾dKvfrsKd;ukdusawmh vlYbHk? pwk r[m&mZfewfjynf? tonowf vkdYac:wJh jA[®mjynfawGrSm awGU Ekdifygw,f/ 'Gd[d wfyk*¾Kd vfqk dwmu awmh (2)rsKd;? (2)pm;cGEJ ikd fygw,f/
ìê
tukokdvo f ufoufeJY arG;wJh 'Gd [dwyf k*¾dKvf? ukokdvo f ufoufeJY arG;wJh 'G[ d dwyf k*¾dKvfwdYyk gyJ/ 'D yk*¾Kd vf[m ukokd vfeJYyif,SONf yD; arG;cJhvifhupm;? ynmcsKdUaevkYd ok*wdt[dwx f ufpm&if omay r,fhvkYd ]]bmrxl;wJh tmvl;}} omomtqifhygyJ/ olwkYu d kdawmh vlYbHk? ewfjynf(6)xyfvdYak c:wJh umrok*wd (7)bHkrSm awGUEkid fyg w,f/ wd [dwf ykxk ZOf qkw d m uawmh ynmukdtxGww f yfvdkY ukokdv[ f dwEf Siho f m ,SOfvdYak rG; vmwJh tjrwfyk*¾dKvfppfppfygyJ/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfawGuku d sawmh xkdvlYbHk? ewfjynf(6)xyf ? tonowf MunfwJh ½lyjA[®mbHku (15)bHk? t½lyu(4)bHkvYadk c:wJh ok*wdbkH awGrSmom awGU&ygr,f/ton owf tonowfvkYd ajymajym aewJh bHkqkdwmu ½lyjA[®mb h kx H J rSm ygygw,f/ okdYayr,fh olYbHk rSm oGm;NyD;jzpfwJhyk*dK¾ vfu pdwf (emrf)r&Sdbl;/ ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJBuD;yJ oGm;jzpfawmh? tJ'DbHkudak &m?tJ'D bHkrSm oGm;jzpfwJh yk*dK¾ vfukda&m ok*wdt[dwx f J pm&if;oGif;vkdY rjzpfoif?h rjzpfxdu k w f hJ yk*¾dKvfbkH vkYo d m rSwfxm;vkdufyg/ ukd,f vnf; todÚmPf&SdwmyJ/ csJUpOf; pm;Munfhaygh/ aumif;raumif; qkdwmuk/d wd[dwu f dk jyefquf & atmif/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfawG[m ynmukd
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
txGww f ifxm;awmh tawG;t ac: t,ltqrSeu f efr,f/tod ÚmPfeJY yg;&nfeyf&nf&drS ,f/uk okdvw f &m;jzpfzkdY tifrwd tifr wef vG,u f laewJhyk*K¾d vfawGaygh/ tJ'Dyk*dK¾ vf[m owdw&m;vuf ukdif xm;vkdY orxbm0emuk d BudK;pm;tm;xkwv f &kYd &Sd if avmuD psmef? tbdnmOftrsKd;rsKd;ukd &Ekid f ygw,f/uk, d v f nf;BudK;pm;Mu&if &rSmaygh/ b,folYtxifBuD;p&m vkdovJ/ txifvnf;rBuD;eJY/t xifvnf; rao;eJY/ olwpfyg;ukd txifBuD;wmu avmb?olwpf yg;ukd txifao;wmu rme? tukokdv"f r®csnf;yJ/ ukd,hu f , kd f ukd wnfwnf wHhwHhaewm t aumif;qHk;/ twk,loifh&ifawmh twk,l&r,faygh/ jyefqufr,f/ olonf 0dyóembm0emukdom BudK;pm; yGm;rsm;r,fqkd&ifawmh 'Db0rSm yif ÚmPftqifhqif hudw k ufvdkY r*fÚmPf? zkv d Úf mPfrS wpfqifh ed AÁmef wkd iaf tmif a&mufEkd iw f Jh tcGifhxl;&yk*¾d Kvf awGyg/ tJ'D awmh r*¾|mef(4)a,muf?zv|mef (4)a,mufonfyifvQif wd[dwf Kd vfrmS tajcjyKcJhvYdk olwu dkY kd vnf; wd[w d yf k*¾Kd vfpm&if;xJ qGJ oGi;f vku d fawmh wd[w d yf x k Zk Of u (1)a,muf? t&d ,mxJu(8) a,muf qdkawmh wd[dwyf k*¾dKvf (9)a,mufjzpfomG ;w,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh ajymcsifwm
u rdrdwdYo k nf tvkyv f kyw f Jht cgrSm rdrdwkY&d JUpdwrf Sm jzpfay:ae wJh apwemw&m;tay:rSm rlwnf NyD; ZmwdawG wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rwl MubJ? uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;&w,f qkdwmukd rSwzf Yykd g/ tukokdvt f vkyaf wGvkyaf wmh tukodv k &f JU tusK;d awGu&kd r,f/ ukokv d v f kyf rS ukokdv&f JUtusKd;awGukd &r,f aygh/ 'DrSmta&;BuD;vmwmu t odÓPfynmyg/ 'gaMumifOh D;yOöi;f u qkay;wkd if ;? qk ay;wkd if ; ]]ynm&Sifolawmfaumif;rsm; jzpf Muygap}}vkYd tJ'gudk tav;xm; NyD; qkay;ygw,f/ qkay;wkid f; a&m &a&mvm;qkdawmh r&aomf awmifrS owday;&m a&mufyg vdrfhr,f/ jrwfAk'¨u tvkyv f kyf wJhtcgrSm w&m;oabmt&?t umvdu tcsderf qkdi;f bl;wJh/csuf csif;vufiif;ukdyJ tusKd;awGay; ygw,fwJh/ [kwrf [kwf wkdYrsm; qef;ppfMunfh&atmif/ Oyrm-a'goxGufa e wJh vlwpfa,mufqkdygpkY/d a'go qkdwm tukokv d w f &m;aemf/£ óm? rpä&d,? ukuúKpö? Asmyg'? aomu? y&da'0awG jzpfvm&if vkdwmr& &wmawGu rvkdqd&k if a'gojzpfw,f/ tJ'Da'goukd rD; eJEY iId f;(½lyutvuFm)jyKNyD; a'go rD;vkYq d dMk u ajymMuw,f/ a'go qkdwm zsufq;D wwfwJh ylavmif
ìé
wwf wJhoabm/ rD;qkw d m[m vnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ/ olukd,w f kid f vnf;yJ ylavmifovkd? olwpfyg; udkvnf;yJ ylavmifapygw,f/ vlwkid f;? vlwkdif; a'goxGuzf l; Muw,faemf/ rxGuzf l;wJhol r&Sd ygbl;/ tem*grf tqifha&mufrS yJ a'goukd y,fEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ tJ' Da wmh a'gojzpf awmh b,fvkcd Hpm;&ovJ/ yl avmifw,f/ [kwfw,f/ ukd,f a&m? pdwfa&m ylavmif w,f / a'goBuD;&if BuD;ovkd&ifxJrSm ajAmif;qefatmif ylavmifw,f/ rdrdwiG f ylavmifwm[kwv f m;/ r[kwfygbl;/ teD;tem;rSm&Sdae wJh owå0gawGqu D kyd g ul;puf oGm;w,f/ vl&S&d if vlqD? acG;&Sd acG;qD? aMumif &Sd aMumif qD? aemufqHk;oufrhjJ zpfwhJ pm;yGJ? uk vm;xkdif? pmtkyfpwJh t&mawG qDukdyg ul;oGm;w,f/ pdwrf xif &if rxifovkd wku d fcdkurf IawG jzpfvmr,f/ qJrd? qkrd dr,f/owf r,f/ jzwfr,f/ xkr,f? ½dkufr,f? cGJr,fpwJh raumif;rI'kp½dkuftrI awGukd vGefusL;rdr,fayghaemf/ tJ'Dawmh a'goonf vufiif; raumifusKd;ukd ay;w,fqkdwm ,HkNyDaemf/ 'Djh yif tukokdv"f r®awG [mvnf; þodkYþES,yf gyJ/ tJ ...a'goqkw d Jh t ukokdv"f r®[mvnf; cE¨mzGJU&if ocFg&u©E¨mxJ tusKH;0ifwmrkYd tedpöoabmeJY qufqHaeygw,f/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
a'goxGuaf ewJh vlwpfa,muf [m rdrda'goxGurf Se;f odwmeJY owdav;uyfvYdk 0dyóemÚmPf av;wifNyD;? a'go? a'goeJY a'goxGurf Se;f odod ½IrSwrf ,f qk&d if wpfenf;tm;jzifh a'goae &mrSm owd? ynmtpm;oGi;f ay; vku d rf ,fq&d k if wjznf;jznf; a'go [mvnf; Nidrf;NyD; tJ'Dae&mrSm reodum&(todÚmPf)0ifvmvkYd Nidr;f at;rI yó'¨t d &omukd cH pm;vm&ygvdrfhr,f/ tukokdvf ae&m? uko kv d t f pm;oGif ;ay; vkdufawmh bmjzpfvmovJ/, rku d u f srf;rSmvmwJh avmuDr[m ukokdvo f nf y,ftyfaom pP eda&m"ukd ykid fqikd v f kYd csr;f jrMunf om vmygvdrfhr,f/ 'guawmh ukokdv"f r®&JU tumvduaygh/ OD;yOöif;wkdYwpfawG[m umrbHku yk*¾d KvfawGqkd awmh ukd,af ewJh bHktaMumif;odxm; zkdY vkyd gvdrfhr,f/ tukokdvrf Sef orQuawmh umrw&m;csn;f yg yJ/ ygVdawmfrSmawmh umrm0p& qkNd yD; oHk;ygw,f/ tukokdvt f rI xJu pdwaf wGav? awG;csif&m awG;aewJh tukodv k t f rI(O'¨pö apwem)uvGJ&if useftukokdvf w&m;awG[m tyg,fbHkrSm y#d oaE¨(Zmwd)ukd jzpfapygw,f/ ]]{w¬m uko vur® rk'p¨ ö&[dwH tyg,blr, d H y#doE¨ð Zaewd/}} 'gjzifh tukov kd v f yk f&if
vufiif;tusK;d uvnf; raumif; bl;?oH o&musKd;vnf; raumif; bl;vkdY rSw&f r,faygh/ 'gaMumifh wkdYbk&m;u tukov kd w f &m;awG [m tjypfESifhwuG raumif;aom tusK;d ukday;jcif; vu©Pm&Sdyg ayw,fwJh/ ]]tukovm om0ZÆ 'ku©0dygu vu©Pm}} ukokdvf ua&mwJh/ ukokdvu f kdawmh (4) rsK;d cJyG gr,f/ - umrm0p&ukokdvf (r[mukokdv)f - ½lyg0p&ukokdv?f - t½lyg0p&ukokv d ?f - r*fukokdv&f ,fvdYk cGJ ygw,f/ ukokdvq f kw d m tjypfr &Sdjcif;/ aumif;aomtusKd;ukd ay;jcif;vu©Pm&Sdygw,f/ ]]ukovmte0ZÆ okc 0dygu vu©Pm}} 'Dukod kvf ( 4)rsKd;xJu umrm0p&ukokdvf taMumif;ukd yJ quf&iS ;f oGm;ygr,f/ tJ'D um rm0p& ukokdvu f kdyJ/ - wd[w d Of uú|ukov d k ?f - wd[dwf Moru ukokdv?f - 'dG[dwf Ouú|ukov kd ?f - 'd[ G w d Mf oruukov kd f &,fvYd k (4)rsK;d xyfvYd k cGJjyefygw,f/ tJ'x D u J wd[w d u f kodv k f ukdvyk &f if wd[w d Zf mwdrsK;d ukd jzpf apEkdifygw,f/ ukokdvv f kypf OfrSm
ìè
¿ù¹±¨Ù«º¿»©Ö¸ ª´©°º¿ô³«º¯µ¼§¹°µ¼Çñ ¿ù¹±¯µ¼©³ ¬«µ±µ¼ªº©ú³å¿»³ºñ } -³á ®°<ú¼ôá «µ«&Õ°*á ß-³§¹ùá ¿±³«á §ú¼¿ùð¿©Ù ¶¦°ºª³ú·º ªµ¼©³®ú ú©³¿©Ù« ®ªµ¼¯µ¼ú·º ¿ù¹±¶¦°º©ôºñ ¬ÖùÜ¿ù¹±«µ¼ ®Üå»ÖÇÛ×¼·ºå øc´§«¬ª«Ú³÷¶§ÕÒ§Üå ¿ù¹±®Ü媵¼Ç¯µ¼Ó« ¿¶§³Ó«©ôºñ
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
apwemuvnf; rSefr,f/ o'¨g w&m;uvnf; xufoefaer,f/ tvSL0w¬Kuvnf; pifpifMu,f Mu,f jzpf&r,f/tvSL cHyk*¾dKvfukd *½kjyKNyD; ay;vSL&r,f/ jrwfjrwf Ekd;Ekd; ay;vSL&r,f/udk,cf si;f pm empdwef JY aumif;aompdwx f m;eJY ay;vSL&r,f/ 'gNyD; ta&;BuD;qH;k tcsufu ]]jrifjriforQ bmrQ rNrJ bl; /ted pö ? 'k u©?tewå }} vkYd vu©Pm,mOf(3)yg;ukd jywf jywf xifxif jrifNyD;oumv edAÁmefukd &nfrSe;f vSL&r,f/tJ'D vkd qdk&if wd[d wfOuú| jzpfvk Yd anmifaphavmuf yif vSLaomf vnf; pGev Yf w T v f LS 'gef;jcif; ukokdvf ukd 0dyóemÓPf NcH&Hí vSL'gef; jcif;jzpfvYdk ukov kd x f rJ mS awmh xdyf uygyJ/ wd [d wMf oruqk d wm uawmh tvSL&Sirf drdrSm ÚmPf&Sd ygvsufeJY edAÁmefukd r&nf&, G f? o'¨gw&m;oufoufeYJ 0dyóem rzuf ay;vSLjcif;rsKd;yg/ 'Gd[dwf Ouú|uawmh todtjrifr&SdvdkY o'¨gw&m;oufoufeYJ 0dyóem rzuf ay;vSLjcif;rsKd;yg/ 'DtvSL rsKd;u omoemyumveJY bmom jcm;awG? edAÁmef&JUat;Nidrf;rIukd rodem;rvnfao;whJ yk*dK¾ vfawG &JU ay;vSLjcif;rsKd;vkdY qkd&ygr,f/ 'Dukokdv(f 2)rsKd;[m 'G[ d dwZf mwd rsKd;ukd jzpfapygw,f/ 'Dyk*dK¾ vf awG[m tqihrf D? twef;rDaeyif ae&vifu h pm; 'Db0rSmawmh r*f
zkdvef JY a0;&ygvdrfhOD;r,f/ 'd[ G dwMf oru ukokdvf qkdwmu todÚmPfacgif;yg;? t jzpfavmuf [efaqmifyefaqmif ay;vSLaewJh o'¨gppf? o'¨grSefeJY ay;vSLrIrsKd; r[kwfwJh pGefYvw T f vSL'gef;rIrsKd;r[kwfwhJ ukokdvrf sK;d yg/ 'Dvdak wG ay;vSLcJhvkYd ukd,f vSLcJhwahJ usmif;rSm Nydwmå awGoGm; jzpfaeMuwmawG OD;yOöif;wkYd jrif Mum;awGUodae&wmaygh/'Dukov kd f rsK;d [m t[dwZf mwdrsK;d ukd jzpfap ygw,f/ vljzpfawmhvnf; t*Fg rpHk? emrfykdi;f (pdwyf ikd f;)qkid f&mawG uvnf; csKdUwJhvdYk yDyDoo r&Sd? arG;zGm;vmMu&ygw,f/ ewfjzpf jyefawmhvnf; ewfpnf;pdrfcsrf; omukd tjynfht0 rcHpm;?rcHpm; Ekid fMuygbl;/ tcsKUd rsm; olrsm;qD u arQmfaeMu&ygw,f/ atmuf us?aemuf usEkid f vSwJh ewfryD roawGjzpfMu&ygw,f/ uHr aumif;?taMumif;rvS&iftyg,f (4)yg;yif usEikd yf gao;w,f/ 'g aMumifh 'Dvku d kokdvrf sKd;ukdawmh a&Smif&Sm;&ygr,f/ 'Dukokdv[ f m ]]Ny;D uypf ukov d k rf sK;d }}jzpfygw,f/ vkyNf yD; oHk;vkdYr&bJ ypfvku d f& awmh wefzkd;r&Sb d ;l aygh/ (oDvudk vnf; þenf;wlrSwf) tJ'Dawmh ukd,hu f kd,u f kd qef;ppfMu&atmif/ig b,fZmwd? b,frsKd;EG,x f Hu b,fvkyd k*¾dKvf rsK;d vJ/ 'k*w ¾ t d [dwBf uD;vm;/ ok *wdt[dwBf uD;vm;/ 'G[ d dwBf uD;
ìç
rsm; jzpfaervm;/ tJ'yD k*¾dKvfawG jzpf a evk d Yv nf ; tm;i,f p&m awmh rvkb d l;aemf/ ]]trSm;jrif vkdY trSejf yif&if? trSefukda&muf ygvdrfhr,f}} wd[dwaf wGjzpfae &ifawmh owdMuyfMuyfxm;NyD; tcGifhomqJ BudK;pm;Muprf;yg/ owdrxm;&ifawmh olvnf; edrfh oGm;Ekdiyf gao;w,f/ owd&SdzkdY awmh vkdygw,f/ OD;yOöif; t"duajymcsif wmuawmh 0dyóem bm0em ukodkvo f nf ukokdvw f umwkdY wGif tjrwfqkH; jzpfw,fqkdwm ukyd gyJ/ wkjdY rwfpGmbk&m; yGihx f eG ;f ay:aygufvm&jcif;onfyif/ 'D 0dyóemÚmPfawG &apzkt Yd wGuf ygyJ/ yg&rDawGukd toufyifay; vkdY jznfhusifhvmcJhwm[mvnf; 'DtwGufygyJ/ 'gaMumifh r[m u½kPmawmf&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemppf omoemrSefESifh BuHK wke;f BuHKcu kd f tyÜrm'(owd)w&m; vufuikd x f m;vkYd ukd,hZf mwf?udk,hf ZmwdukdodNyD; wkdYwpfawGonf edAÁmefyef;wkdifBuD;ukd wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdecf sderf Sm a&mufrSmrvGJbl; qkdwJh jrifhjrwfxufoefwJh o'¨g ,HkMunfcsufESiht f wl csDwufum vSr;f Mu&ayr,f jzpfygw,f/ "r ®tod b 0tod tyÜrm'owdw&m;rsm; wkd;yGm; Muygap/ t&Si&f mZdE´(uHr)
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
atmifqef;q&mawmf b'´EÅo'¨r®udwådom& (r[mur®|memp&d,)ESihf ¬¶§²º¶§²º¯µ¼·ºú³ ¿¨úð¹ù±³±»¶§Õ©«&±µ¼ªº ¶§²º§ùܧªµ¼®³ ±·º©»ºå±³å®-³å Ä þ®r¬¿©Ùå ¬¿®å¬¿¶¦®-³å (,cifvrStquf)
ar;/
udka&Taomif;0if; rSw fwrf;jyKylaZmfonf
wynfah wmf[m vl'g,umwpfOD;jzpfyg w,f/ aoNyD; b,fudkomG ;&r,fqdkwm rodygbl;/edAÁmefqdkwm a0;vdY?k ouúm, 'd|d y,fzdkYqkd wmawmif tawmfcufyg w,f/ 0dyóemqdkwm aeYpOf vufawGUb0rSm
b,fvkd toHk; usrvJ?Oyrm-tenf;i,f ay;NyD; &Sif;jyay;yg/ (eDayg) ajz/ 0dyóem[m aeYpOf vufawGUb0rSm b,fvkd toHk;0ifrvJqkad wmh r[mowd y|meokwfawmfBuD;rSmjywJh owdy|mef
ëð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
w&m;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwrf I&JUtusdK;awGukyd J jy&rSmygyJ/ 'Dowdy|mef av;yg; tusifhjrwfw&m; qdkwmu(1) owå0gawG pdwt f npftaMu;uif;NyD; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fzdkY udavomuif;NyD; &[EÅmjzpfomG ;wmudk pifMu,fw,fvkd Y qdkygw,f/ 'Dowdy|mefw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvkd Y aomwmyef ou'g*grfpwJh t&d,mtqifh wpfqifhxuf wpfqifh jrifhoGm;Mu& wmvnf; 0dyóem&JU vufawGUtoHk;usrIygyJ/ (2)pdk;&drfylaqG; idka
(3) udk,pf dwq f if;&JrIawG csKyfNidrf;zdkY udk,x f JrSmtaeqdk; tcHcuf wJh ud k,f qif;&JtrsdK;rsdK; pdwx f JrSm taeqdk;tcHcufwJh pdwf qif;&JtrsdK;? tJ'D qif;&Jqkd ;awGukd vnf; 'Dowd y|meftusihef JY vHk;0Nidrf;apEdkifw,f/ (4) t&d,mr*fudk&&Sdzkd Y? edAÁmefudkrsufarSmufjyKEdkifzdkY 'gawGuawmh owdy|mefw&m; yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfrI&JU vufawGUaumif;usK;d awGygyJ/avmu rSm BuHKawGUae&wJh pdk;&drfylaqG; idka
ëï
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
om;a&mvifyg qHk;½H;I ½Hkomru rdbrsm;yg aoqHk;vdYk t½l;rav;jzpf&&SmwJh y#mpm&Dav; t½l; aysmuf&wmvnf; 'D0dyóemygyJ/ om;aoudkydkufNyD; tdrfpOfvSnhu f m ]]r aoaq;}}&SmwJh udoma*gwrDukd tjrifrSe&f apwm vnf; 'D0dyóemw&m;ygyJ/ aemuf NyD;awmh bke;f BuD;wdkY A[kokw taeeJY rSw&f wmu awmful;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; [m ysHawmfrrlrD (1)vcefYtvdkrSm oloDwif;oHk;wJh ausmif;eH&rH mS 0dyóemtusdK;eJY ywfoufNyD; vuFm av;wpfyk'f a&;cJhw,fvkYd qdkygw,f/ tJ'D vuFm av;unnf;nLr&Sd NrJ*wdESifh owdrarh csdeaf eY odjyef rsufvSeaf MumqGJ r&SdbJvQif aovnf; rawmifhwif; ykyef Yu H if;onf usKd ;&if; 0dyóem wefcdk;wnf;-wJh/ 0dyóemw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwo f lawG [m1/aocgeD; (a0'emcHpm;ae&wJhtcg)
nnf;nLjcif; r&Sb d l;/ 2/aoNyD;&ifvnf; (vm;a&muf&r,fh) *wdNrJw,f/ 3/owdrarh rawGra0 ao&w,f/ 4/ao&r,fhtcsdef aeY&ufudkodw,f/ 5/toufxu G w f Jhtcg rsufpv d efjcif;? taMumqGJjcif; r&SdbJ nifnifomom aoqHk;&w,f/ 6/aoNyD;wJh cE¨mudk,f (tavmif;aumif) uvnf; rawmifhwif;yJ aysmhaysmh ajymif;ajymif;yJ/ 7/tykyef HYvnf; rxGufbl;-wJh/ 0dyóem&JUtusdK;awGygyJ/ 'gqdk&if 0dy óemqdkwm vufawGUb0qdkwJh ypöKyÜerf Smomru wrvGeb f 0txd aumif;usKd;&r,f/ toHk;0ifr,f qdkwm aocsmygw,f/ t t t
ëî
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ar;/
ajz/
edAÁmef&JUtajctae[m b,frSm&Syd govJ/ Ak'¨bmom tvdkt& edAmÁ efa&mufzYdk usihf &r,fhenf;vrf;awG b,favmufrsm;yg ovJ/ t&Sicf ke[ f if; (uarÇm'D;,m;)
edAÁmefeJYywfoufvkd Yawmh tar;awmf awmfrsm;wmyJ/ bke;f BuD;taeeJY auseyf avmufatmif ajzqdkEkid frSm r[kwyf gbl;/ r[m*E¨m½Hk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u olU&JUoN*ØK[f bmom eDumOyormEkówdtzGihrf mS b,fvkad jym xm;ovJqk&d if-]]wpfpkw H pfckaomtm½H\ k taMumif; udk xdktm½Hk&&Sdzl;olomvQif ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif odjrif Edki½f dk;&SdouJhokdY edAÁmef&JUtaMumif;udkvnf; edAÁmef &NyD;aom t&d,myk*d¾KvfwkYo d m ydkifEdkifpmG odjrifEdkif aMumif;? ,ckykxkZOfw\ Ykd tawG;jzifh av;eufaom edAmÁ efudk trSef rxdrEd dkifaMumif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ q&mawmfu qufvufí edAÁmef[lonf
pdwf apwoduf ½kyf y&rwfwkd YrS oD;jcm;jzpfaom y&rw¬w&m;jzpfí ½kyef mrf wdEkY Sifh vHk;0qufoG,rf I r&Sdojzifh tcsKd Uaom wuú0g'Dyk*¾Kd vfrsm; BuHqxm; ovdk ½kyfxl; emrfxl; r[kwfEdkifaMumif;? tZÑwå A[d'¨ 2-rsdK;wdkYwiG f A[d'¨w&m;jzpfaomaMumifh cE¨mudk,f twGi;f wGif tESpf tjrKawtjzpfjzifh wnf&Sdaeaom "mwfwpfrsdK;vnf; r[kwfaMumif;? yk*d¾Kvf owå0guJhodkY cHpm;wwfonfh w&m;vnf; r[kw?f ½lyço'´ponfh tm½Hk umr*kPu f JhoYdk cHpm; tyfonfh w&m;vnf; r[kwf&um; edAÁmefü a0' ,dwokc(cHpm;rIygonfhokc)rsKd ; r&Sad Mumif;?odaYk omf ,if; a0',dwokcxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGef aom oEÅdokc {jrcsrf;omaom oabmum; trSef yif&daS Mumif; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ xdo k EÅdokc edAmÁ e"mwfonf bmrQr&Sd aom tbm0ynwfr[kwyf g/ trsm;qdkif bHkw&m; uJhodkY wpfyg;wnf;vnf; r[kwfyg/ udk,hef Ad ÁmefEiS hf udk,f toD;oD; &SdMuygw,f/ xdkYaMumifhyif t&d ,m
ëí
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
t&Sifjrwfrsm;[m cE¨mudk,jf 'yf xif&Sm;&Spd Of rdrdwkYd edAÁmefudk tm½HkjyKvsuf zvormywf 0ifpm;awmf rlMuygw,f/ xdkzvorm ywf0ifpm;cdu k 0f ,f edAÁmef udk tm½HkrSef;vsuf pdww f rf;í ae&jcif;onfyif tifrwef csr;f omMuw,fvkd Y qdkygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh ax&ax&D tvDvDwkYd a&Tjynf edAÁmef 0ifpHumeD;0,f O'gef;*gxmrsm;udk usL;um usL;umjzifh ½kyfemrfcE¨mudk tm;&yg;&pGefYypfcJhMu ygw,f/ cE¨m0ef&JU av;vHonfhtjzpfudk odawmf rlMuvdYk cE¨m0efudk pGeYyf pfcjJh cif;ygyJ/ &[EÅmt&Sijf rwf wdkY&JU ½kyfemrfpGeYyf pfMuyHkukd pOf;pm;rdvQif ½kyfemrfudk cifw, G af ewJh bke;f BuD;wdkYvkd ykxkZOfrsm;twGuf tifrwef &Suzf , G af umif;vSygw,f/ uJ-edAÁmef&JUoabmuawmh 'gavmufeJYyJ auseyfvkd ufyg/ qufvufNyD;awmh ar;cGe;f &Sifu tJ'D edAmÁ efa&mufzYdk usi&hf rnfhenf;vrf;awG b,f avmuf rsm;ygovJwJh/ edAÁmefa&mufzkd Y edAÁmef&zdkYqkd &mrSm orx ur®|mef;? 0dyóem ur®|mef;qdkNyD; enf;vrf;awG &Syd gw,f/ orxur®|mef;u (40) &Sdw,f/ aemuf 0dyóemur®|mef;rSmvnf; 0dok'¨d 7-yg;? vu¨Pm ,mOf 3-yg;? ÓmPf 10-yg;ponfjzifh enf;awG &Syd gw,f/ txl;ojzifhawmh bke;f BuD;wdkY aus;Zl;&Sif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rsm;? r[mpnf q&m awmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;uawmh ]]owdy|mef 4-yg;}} ½IrSwf yGm;rsm;zdkY wdkufweG f;a[mMum;ygw,f/ um,mEkyóemowdy|mef a0'emEkyóemowdy|mef pdwåmEkyóemowdy|mef "r®mEkyóemowdy|mef qdkwJh owdy|mef 4-yg;rSm rdrdwkYd tm½Hk p½dkufESifh udkufnw D hJ ur®|mef;udk ½IrSwf yGm;rsm;Edkif ygw,f/
tJ'Dowdy|mefw&m;awmf[m ÚmPftoifh twifhqkd vQif 7-&uf? 7-v? 7-ESpftwGif;rSm r*fzkv d f edAÁmefw&m;xl; &Edkiaf Mumif;? ÓmPfxufol jzpfu eHeuftm;xkwfvQif nae&Edkiaf Mumif;?nae tm;xkwfvQif eHeuf&EdkifaMumif; bk&m;&Siu f dk,w f kid f >rufazmfcJhwJh w&m;awmfBuD;ygyJ/ udk,hb f ufu BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvkd uf&if edAÁmef udk trSeaf &muf Ekd ifwJh {um,aem ra*¾g wpfckwnf;aom vrf;aMumif;ygyJ/ t t t
ar;/ ajz/
uHqkd wm bmvJ? b,frSm &SdwmvJ/ awmhcsfzv (uarÇm'D;,m;)
y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmft& t0dZmÆ ypö,m ocFg&mqdkawmh tJ'DocFg&[m uHygyJ/ ukokd vf tukodkvu f Haygh/ tJ'D ocFg&[m yknmbdocFg&? tyknmbdocFg&? tm aeÍÆmbd ocFg&vdkY oHk;rsdK;vmw,f/ tJ' D uHu kd tbd "r®w¬o *F[ac:wJh oN*ØK[fusrf;? bHkydkif; (0Dwdrkwyf kid ;f ) rSmusawmh ur®pwkuú qdkNyD; uHawG uefYowfNyD; jywm&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh uH[m tukodkvu f H &Sdw,f/ umrm0p& ukokv d u f H &Sw d ,f/½lyg0p&ukodkvu f H &Sdw,f/ t½l yg0p&ukodkvu f H &Sdw,f/ tukokv d u f Hqdkwmu tukokv d pf dwf 12ck rSm&SdwJh apwemudk ac:wmyJ/ tyknmbdocFg& aygh/ raumif;rI 'kp½dkuf 10-yg;udk vkyw f Jhtcg tukodkvu f HawG jzpfwmyJ/ uHajrmufrS uHvkYd ac: w,f/ apwem&S½d HkeaYJ wmh uHvYkd rac:bl;/ ]]apwem [H bdu©a0 ur®H 0'grd}} qdkwJh ygVdrSm omref tm;jzifh em;vnf&wmu apwemqdkwm uHaygh/ 'gayr,fh apwemjzpfae½HkeJY uHrajrmufao;bl;/ apwemuH ukokd vrf Smvnf;&Sdw,f/ tukodkvrf Sm
ëì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
vnf;&Sdw,f/ ukodkvv f kyjf zpfrS apwemu uH ajrmufw,f/ tukokv d f 'kp½dkuv f kyjf zpfrS apwem u uHajrmufw,f/ ukokv d f tukodkvv f yk fjzpfatmif apwemu wd kuw f Gef;ay;wmaygh/ tJ'gaMumifh apwemudk uHvkYd ac:wm/ umrm0p& ukokv d u f Hqkw d m tck vlawG 'gejyKw,f? oDvaqmufwnfw,f? ur®|mef; bm 0em yGm;rsm;w,fqdkwm umrm0p& ukodkvu f H awGyJ/ ]][m-tvSL vSLcsiyf gw,fvYkd apwem&Sd½HkeYJ ur®yxrajrmufbl;/ wu,fvSLrS uHajrmufrSm/ oDvaqmufwnfcsif ½Hak vmufeYaJ wmh ukodkvf enf; enf;yg;yg; jzpfwmaygh/ uHuawmh rajrmufygbl;/ ½lyg0p& ukodkvu f Hqdkwmuawmh orx xdkifwJhtcg psmef awG bmawG&rS jzpfrSmyg/ tJ'D umrm0p& ukodkvu f HeJY ½lyg0p& ukodkvu f Hudk y#dpöorkyÜg'fu yknmbdocFg&vdkY ac:wmaygh/ t½lyg0p& ukokv d u f q H w dk muvnf; t½ly psmefawG tm;xkwfvkd Y &wJhtcgusrS jzpfwm/ tmaeOömbdocFg& aygh/ tJ'Dvdk uHu bHkeJYvku d fNyD;
cGJr,fqdk&if uHu av;rsKd ;jym;oGm;w,f/ avm ukwå&m t0w¦mbHkygxnfh&if 5-rsdK;aygh/ tukodkvu f H umrm0p& ukodkvu f H ½lyg0p& ukodkvu f H t½lyg0p& ukodkvu f H r*f ukodkvu f H- tm;vHk;ig;rsdK;/ csKyfvkd uf&ifawmh ukokd vu f H? tukodkvu f H ygyJ/ tJ'D ukodkvu f H tukodkvu f HawG[m a& ajr awm awmif ork'´&m b,fae&mrSmrS jzpfae wJhw&m;awG r[kwyf gbl;/ tZÑwåm"r®m qdkwhJ rmwd umyk'ft& uHjyKol&UJ tZÑwo å EÅmefrSmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dukodkvu f H tukodkvu f H qdkwmuvnf; Oyg'f XD bifeJY ysufysufNyD; twdwjf zpfomG ;wmyg/ 'D uHawGu tusdK;ay;zdkY b,fae&mrSmrS qdkif;iHhae wmvnf; r[kwfyg/ apmifhaewmvnf; r[kwyf g/ twdwu f jyKvkycf JhwJh taMumif;[m urÇmaxmif aomif; MumNyD;rS tusdK;ay;csiv f nf; ay;ygw,f/ taMumif;aMumifh tusd K;jzpf w,f qdkwmvnf;
ëë
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
rdrdoEÅmefrSm tNrJ&aSd ewm r[kwfygbl;/ taMumif; awG wdkuq f kid v f mwJhtcgrS tusKd ;ay;wm yg/ 'gqdk uH&JU oabmw&m;udk txdkuftavsmuf &dyfrd avmufygNyD/ ar;/
a&S;b0 aemufb0qdkwm &So d vm;? r&Sd bl;vm;/ b,fvko d dEdkifrvJ/ awmhcszf v (uarÇm'D,m;)
ajz/
'Djyóemu tckrSjzpfwJh jyóemawmh r[kwfygbl;/ vGefcJhwJh ESpaf ygif; 2500 bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmfuwnf;u &Scd hw J hJ jyóemyg/ ykxkZOfvo l m;wdki;f cHpm;Mu&wJh ,HkrmS ; jcif; 16- csufteuf 'D a&S;b0? aemufb0 jyóem[m wpfcsuftjzpf yg0ifygw,f/ pOf;pm; ÓmPf&Sdolwkid f; a&S;b0 aemufb0 &Sd r&Sd qdkwmudk pOf;pm;jyavh &Sdygw,f/ t*Fvyd f pma&;q&mBuD; bm;e'fa&Sm[m aocgeD;rSm ]]aemufb0 &Sdr&Sd odcsifvkd ufwm}} vdkY nnf;wGm;cJhw,f vdkY qdkyg w,f/'guvJ ykxZk Ofwpfa,mufukd ,HkMunfvufcH Edkiaf tmif &Sif;jyzdkYqkd wm vG,fulwJh tvkyaf wmh r[kwyf gbl;/ olud k,fwdkif aomwmyef jzpf rS (,HkrSm;jcif; 16-rsdK;udk vGefajrmufrS) ,wdjywf qHk;jzwfcsuf usrnfht&mrsdK;yg/ 'gayr,f h tar;&Sd vmNyDqkd a wmhvnf; vufvSr;f rSDorQ obm0,kwåd? tm*r,kwåd&SmNyD; avhvmMunfhMupdkYvm;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk avhvm oif ,laeoltzd kYawmh vuf cHzkd Y&m cJ,Of;r,f rxifygbl;/ y#dpöorkyÜg'f[m aMumif;usKd ;jya'oemyg/ owå0gawG 31-bHkrSm usifvnfyHkukd jywmyg/ taMumif;aMumif h tusdK;jzpf rI ed,mrw&m;udk oHk;oyfMunfhr,fqdk&if a&S;b0 aemufb0 &Sd aMumif; odEdkifygw,f/ ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPHrSm ocFg&u ]]uH}}
r*¾ i f& S p f y g; yG m ;rsm;rI jynfhp Hk vdk Y t&[wår*f zdkvfa&mufNyD; 'D wPSm uif; oGm;&ifawmh b0 topf rjzpf&awmhbl;/ aemifb0 r&Sad wmhbl;/
qdkawmh y|mef; ur®ypönf;rSm ]]ukovmukovH ur®H 0dygumeH cE¨meH u#wåm p ½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}} vdkY a[mxm;ygw,f/ 'D ememu©Pdu ur®ypön;f rSm uHudk jyKvkyfwJh tcsdeu f wpfcsde?f tusKd ;jzpfwJh tcsdeu f wpfcsde?f uHudk jyKvkycf Jh wmu b0gb0u jyKvyk cf w Jh myg/ tusdK;ay;wmu ,ckb0rSmvmNyD; wdkuq f dkifwJhtcgrSm tusdK;ay; ygw,f/ uHaMumifh 0dygufemru©E¨m ur®Z½kyjf zpf
ëê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
w,fvkd Y qdkwmyg/ vkyfcJhwJh ukodkvf tukodkvf tvkyf (uH)awGaMumifh ,ckb0rSm toufvYkd ac: wJh 0dnmPf? udk,fcE¨mvdkYac:wJh ur®Z½kyaf wG vmNyD;&aewmyg/ taMumif;vkyfxm;&if tusdK; w&m;jzpf&w,f qdkwhJ obm0 tm*r,kwaåd v;yg/ wpfzef tavmif;awmfb0 uHyg&rD jznfh awmfrlcJh&wJh Zmwfawmf (550) wdkY? twdwb f 0udk jyefvnfowd&EdkifwJh Zmwdó&ÓmPfwkY?d twdwf b0awGukd jyefvnfatmifharhEkd ifwJh ykaAÁe0d go ÓPfwkd Y qdkwmawG[m a&S;b0 aemufb0 &Sd aMumif; jyEdkifwhJ oufaoawGygyJ/ aemufNyD; ,ck vufawGUrSmyJ twdwb f 0udk jyefvnfajymjyEdkifwJh ]]vl0ifpm;}} awG &yfx&J mG xJrmS rMumrMum awGU&Sd wwfygw,f/ wrvGeb f 0eJYywfoufNyD; owdjyKp&m ygVdav;wpfck &Syd gw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU w&m;OD; "r®pMumrSmyg/ ]]£'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©ork'a,m t&d,opöH ,m,H wPSm aygaemb0dum eE´D &m*o[*wm wMw wMwmbdeE´ed D? ao,sxd'H umrwPSm b0wPSm 0db0 wPSm}} tJ'rD mS aygaemb0dum qdkwm b0opfudk jzpfapwwfwJh wPSmvdkY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ b0 topf jzpfoGm;wm[m uHeYJ wPSm qdkwhJ taMumif; ESpyf g;aMumifh jzpfwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh wPSmr&S&d if uHoufoufu b0opfukd rjzpfapEdkib f ;l / 'ghaMumifh b0opfjzpf&mrSm wPSmu t&if;cHtaMumif;yJ/ tJ'Dvkd t&if ;cHtaMumif; tjzpfeJY b0opfudk jzpfapwwfwhJ wPSmudk ]]aygaemb0dum-wpfzef b0opfukd jzpfapwwfw,fvYkd a[mawmfrlwmygyJ/ 'g[m w&m;OD; pNyD;a[muwnf;u wrvGeb f 0&Sad Mumif; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmf rlcw Jh hJ pum;awmfyg/ trSepf ifppfuawmh wPSm ruif; ao;&if 'DwPSmaMumifh b0topf topfjzpfjzpf aerSmyg/ wMwwMwmbdeE´deD pum;t& a&mufav
&m&m xdkxkb d 0rSm aMueyfw,fqko d jzifh b0tquf quf jzpfaeaMumif; xif&Sm;ygw,f/ r*¾if&Spyf g; yGm;rsm;rIjynfhpkv H Ykd t&[wår*f zdkvaf &mufNyD; 'D wPSmuif;oGm;&ifawmh b0 topf rjzpf&awmhbl;/ aemifb0 r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'ghaMumifh bk&m; &[EÅmjzpfNyD;wJhtcg ]]t,rEÅrd m Zmwd? ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0g-'Db0[m aemufqk;H b0 yJ? ,cktcg wpfzefjzpf&ef b0r&SdawmhNyD}} vdkY ypöa0u©P ÓPfeYJ qifjcifyHk &Syd gw,f/ 'D "r®pMum rSmvnf; ygygw,f/ yd#uwfawmfxJrSm xkwjf yp&m om"u awG trsm;BuD; &Syd gw,f/ aemufNyD; &yfx&J mG xJrSmyJ rdrdwkd Y twdwb f 0udk tyfusrwfus ajymEkdiw f Jh vl0ifpm;awGudkvnf; xkwjf yvdkY &ygw,f/ 'gqdk&if twdwb f 0 tem*wfb0qdkwm vufcH,HkMunf Edkifaumif;NyDvdkY ,lqygw,f/ aumif;NyD? aemufb0&Sdw,fvkd Y ,HkMunf wmeJY r&Sdb;l vdYk ,HkMunfwm 'D,kHMunfcsuf ESpfckrSm b,f[mu ydkNyD;tusdK;&Sdw,f rSeu f efr,fqdkwm EdIif;,SOfMunfhMu&atmif/ aemufb0&Sdw,fvkd Y ,HkMunfvkd ufwmeJY udk,hu f dkudk,f txde;f tuGyfwpfck &oGm;wmygyJ/ vl[m rdrd&JUtem*wf aumif;pm;a&;? wdk;wufa&; udk tNrJ arQmfvifhaeMuwmyg/ ]]vl[m arQmfvifh csufeYJ touf&n S o f wJ}h }/ vlqif;&Juvnf; aemuf aemif 'Dvkd rqif;&J&atmif csrf;omatmif? vl csrf;omuvnf; 'DxufBuD;wJh pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk arQmfvifhawmifhwaeMuwmyJ/ 'D awmihfwcsufeJYyJ aumif;usdK;&csifwJh qE´awGeJY aumif;wmawGyJ vkyjf zpfMurSmyg/ aemufb0&Sdw,fvkYd ,HkMunfolu aemuf b0aumif;pm;a&;twGuf 'Db0rSm aumif;atmif aew,f/ aumif; atmifvyk w f ,f/ ol cH,x l m;ovdk aemufb0 trSew f u,f&&Sd if aemufb0aumif;pm; rSmyJ/ aumif;usdK;&rSmyJ/ tu,fí aemufb0
ëé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
r&Sdbl;qdk&ifawmifrS avmu jypf'Pf roifhbl;/ vlu Jh &J U rcH& bl; / avmu aumif ;usd K ;awmh taotcsm&r,f/ aemufb0 r&Sdbl;vdkY ,HkMunfwJholu aemufb0 aumif;pm;a&;twGuf bmarQmfvifch suf rS r&SdwJhtwGuf tuGyfrJhMurf; y&rf;ywmqdkovdk aecsio f vdk aer,f/ vkycf sifovdk vkyrf ,f/ olYrSm w&m;onf rw&m;onf qdkwmr&Sdawmhbl;/ tJ'D rSm ol ,HkMunfwJhtwdkif; aemufb0r&Sdbl; qdk&if awmifrS avmujypf'Pf cH&r,f/ vlu&Jh UJ cH&r,f/ tu,fírsm; olxifovdk r[kwfbJ aemufb0 &Sdae&ifvnf; b,fvkrd S aumif;pm;cGihf r&Edkifawmh bl;/ raumif;rI tukodkv&f JUtusdK;awG qif;&J'ku© awG cHpm;&OD;rSmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh aemufb0&Sw d ,fvYkd ,HkMunf jcif;[m vlYabmif vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf tvGef aus;Zl;rsm;vSygw,f/ ,HkMunfwJh vlwkid f;twGuf vnf; ypöKyÜeftusdK; wrvGeftusKd ; ESpfyg;udk &&Sd apEdkifygw,f/ 'DtcsufawGudkMunfh&if aemufb0 &Sdw,fvkd Y ,HkMunfwmu ydkrdkoif hjrwf aMumif; xif&Sm;ygw,f/ (ty@uokwf? rZÑdryPJmo)
aemufb0&Sdw,fvkdY ,HkMunf jcif; [m vlY abmif vl Yt zGJ U tpnf;twGuf tvGef aus; Zl;rsm;vSygw,f/ ,HkMunfwJh vlwkdif;twGuf vnf; ypöKyÜef tusdK; wrvGet f usKd ; ESpfyg; udk &&SdapEdkifygw,f/
owå0g ynwfyg/ tmemygeur®|mef;[m xGuf o uf 0if oufudk tcsufusus vdkufNyD; tm½HkjyK&vdkY wkef vIyyf sHUvGifhwhJ pdwu f dk csKyfEkid f zrf;EdkifwhJ ur®|mef;yg/ 'gaMumifh wkev f Iyjf yefYviG hw f Jh arm[orm;rsm;eJY toifhavsmfqHk;yg/ tmemygeur®|mef;udk tm;xkwf &if yÍörpsmefwkid fatmif ½lypsmeftqifhqifhudk &Edkif ygw,f/ a'gouif;zdkY&m arwåmur®|mef; yGm;&yg w,f/ a'gop½dkuf &Sdol (a'goorm;awG[m ar;/ tmemygeówd ur®|mef;eJY arwåbm0em qdk;0g;wJh tm½Hak wGudk tm½HkjyKae&&if omNyD; a'go b,fvkd uGJjym;ygovJ/ wdk;zG,f jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh a'goorm;rsm; arwåmur®|mef;yGm;yg/ arwåmur®|mef; (bm0em) ajz/ eD;pyfrIr&Sad tmif uGJjym;ygw,f/ obm0 udk yGm;&if yxr? 'kwd,? wwd,? pwkw¬psmef csi;f udku rwlMuygbl;/ txd &Edkifygw,f/ tmemygeówdu xGufouf0ifoufudk tJ'Dvkd arwåmeJYtmemyge vHk;0uGmjcm; atmufarhwhJ owdw&m;yg/ owd apwodufaygh/ ygw,f/ tmemygeynwfudk tm½HkjyKw,f/ t t t arwåmbm0emrSm arwåmqdkwmu owå0g qufvufazmfjyygrnf trsm;udk aumif;apvdkjcif;? cspfcifjrwfEdk;jcif; o abmyg/ w&m;udk taeeJY ta'go apwoduyf gyJ/ olY&JU tm½Hku cspfcifjrwfEdk; tyfwJh (yd, remy)
ëè
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
±´Ò§Üåú·º «¼µôº¸¬ªÍ²º¸
±Ï·º®å¼µ ¿ð
ukd,u f vufOD;? olYukd usL;u? txl;olYxuf? q,fjyef wufatmif? uk, d yf sufwwfjcif;? rSerf ,Gif;wnf;/ w&m;rysuf ? arwåm qufí? rzsuq f D;rI? csD;ajrSmufjyK avmh? olYuckd s;D ajrSmuf? uk, d h*f kPf ajrmuf\/ (refvnfq&mawmf) vlawG[m ½kyw f &m;eJY emrfw&m;qkdwhJ cE¨mig;yg;ukd &&Sd xm;olrsm; jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'D ½kyef mrfcE¨mig;yg;wkYjd zpfNyD;&ifysuf? ysufNyD;jyefjzpfeYJ pOfqufrjywfbJ tzefzeftxyfxyf jzpfysufvnf ywfaewmukd oHo&mvnfw,f vkdY qkdygw,f/ tJ'o D o H &mxJrmS aumif; rIvYq dk kdwhJ aumif;wJhut H vkyaf wG ukd jyKvkyq f nf;yl;rdxm;olawG [m b0rSm aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif vef; vef;qef;qef;eJY aumif;usKd;csrf; omawG cHpm;NyD; oHo&mvnf Mu&ygw,f/ raumif;rIqdw k Jh r aumif;wJhtvkyfawGukd tm;xkwf jyKvkyx f m;rdolawGuawmh yif yifyef;yef; ñId;ñId;EGrf;EGrf;eJY r aumif;usKd;qif;&JawG cHpm;NyD; oHo&mvnfMu&ygw,f/ tJ'g [m b,faomtcgrS rajymif;vJ bJ urÇmwnfoa&GU wnfNrJae
r,fh ur®e, d mroabmw&m;yJ jzpfygw,f/ todÚmPfuif;rJhMu&Sm wJh wd&pd ämefowå0gawG[m rdrd&JU twåtwGufeYJ raumif;wJhtvkyf rsm;ukd tcsdet f cgtajctaeawG ra&G;bJ jyKvkyftm;xkwfavh&MSd u ygw,f/ olwkdYrSm uHeJYuHtusKd; w&m;qkdwmukd a0zefEIdif;csdeEf kdif pGrf; r&SdMuygbl/ olwdY[ k m pm; 0wfaea&;? aysmf&iT fa&;pwmawG twGuq f kd vkyo f ifhwm?rvkyo f ifh wmawGudyk g em;rvnfEikd fMu&Sm ygbl;/ uk, d ef YZJ mwfwo l wå0gcsi;f ukdawmifrS owfjzwfñiS ;f qJwwf Muygw,f/ Ekdifxufuvlrw&m; jyKrlusiBhf uHwwfMuygw,f/ tJ'g [m olwkdYtwGuf obm0tm; enf;csufuHMur®mukdu ay;xm; wJh b0tajctaeawGyg/ vlawGrSmawmh olwkYd xuf tppt&mt&m obm0 tm;omcsuf tjzpf todÚmPf qifjcifwHkw&m;qkw d m &Sx d m;Mu NyD;om;yg/ tdyfwmpm;wmaysmyf g; wmawG wd&dpämefawGeJYwlayr,fh todÚmPft&mrSmawmh b,fvdk rS EIdif;,SOfvdYrk &atmif wd&dpämef awGxufomwJh tcGifhxl;ukd &&Sd xm;Muw,fav/ wefzkd;t&Sdqk;H u rSef wJ ht &meJY rS m;wJh t&m? aumif;wmeJYqk;d wm/ taMumif; w&m;eJY tusK;d w&m;awGukd ukd,f ykid fÚmPfeJY a0zefoHk;oyfNyD; EIdif; csdeq f Hk;jzwfEikd fwhJ pGrf;&nfaygh/'g
êð
ayr,fh wpfcgwpf&Hawmh vl[m vnf; yifuk, d u f ukd,hrf Sm tod ÚmPf A[kokwpwmawG tm; enf;aewJhtcgrsKd;awG &Sad ewwf wmygyJ/ NyD;awmh owdcRwfacsmf arhavsmhoGm;wJhtcg ukd,cf sif;pm w&m; acgif;yg;aewJhtcg? ol awmfaumif;w&m;eJY a0;uGmae wJt h cg rdwaf qGaumif;eJY raygif; roif; rqufq&H wJt h cgawGvnf; &SdaewwfwmygyJ/ tJ'Dvkd tcgrsKd;awGqkd &if vl[m vlvkdYomqkd&ayr,fh vlukad wmif vlvdrk jrifEikd fawmh avmufatmif qk;d rkdufrSm;vmrd wwfMuygw,f / rd rdud k,f ukd OyrmjyKNyD; vltcsi;f csi;f ?Zmwfwl owå0gcsif;awGtay:rSm cspfcif MuifzkdY iJhñSmoem;zkdYawG arhukef awmhw,f/ ukd,hv f do k wå0gawG tay: pmemaxmufxm;rIawG uG,faysmufukeaf wmhw,f/ NyD; awmh uk, d u f vufOD;NyD; olwpf yg;ukd usL;vGejf ypfrmS ;rd&if aemif oHo&mrSm ukd,v f nf; olYvkdyJ wpfzefjyefNyD; usL;vGejf ypfrSm;cH& r,fqkdwmvnf; owdr&&Smawmh ygbl;/ uH? uH&JUtusKd;qkdwm b,fvdrk sKd;vJqdw k mvnf; rodr jrifEikd af wmhygbl;/tJ'aD wmh uk, d f a&molyg oHo&mrSm olrom? ukd,t f okbqkdwJhpum;vkdyJ a>r vnf;ao? wkwv f nf;usKd;&wJh tjzpfrsK;d awGeYJ ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf qif;&J oHo&m csmcsmvnfMu&Sm&awmh
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdrk sKd; tjzpftysuf om"uav;awG tawmfrsm;rsm; &Scd zJh l;ygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vuf xufawmftcgwke;f u bkef;uH tvGefrwefBuD;rm;whJ t&SifoD 0vdrax&fqkdwm tm;vHk;odzl; Muygw,f/a&S;bke;f a&S;uHBuD;rm; vkdY vmbfvmbaygrsm;whJt&m rSm tomvGeq f Hk;{w'*fbJUG&cJh wJh rax&fjrwfyg/ rax&fjrwf&JU r,fawmfu okyÜ0gomtrnf&Sd wJh omuD0ifrif;orD;wpfOD;yg/ okyÜ0gomrif;orD;[m rax&f jrwfavmif;vsmukd zGm;jrifwJht csdew f ke;f u obm0xHk;wrf;ukd ausmv f eG Nf yD; 0rf;xJrSm ckESpfESpef JY ckESpf&uf vG,x f m;chJ&ygw,f/ wpfyg;ola wGtm;vHk; xuf xl;jcm;NyD; tifrwef cJ,Of; pGm arG;zGm;vmcJ&h wmyg r,fawmf crsm ukd,0f eft&ifhtrmBuD;ukd 0rf;rSmESpf&Snv f rsm;Mum vG,yf ;kd xm;&wmaMumifh awGa0rde;f arm NyD; arharsmavmufatmif qif;&J a0'emrsm;ukd tjyif;txeftvl; tvJ cHpm;cJh&ygw,f/ &SifoD0vdrax&favmif; vsmoli,f[mvnf; usOf;ajrmif; usyfwnf;vSwJh trd0rf;wkdufxJ rSm tifrwefreG f;Muyfodyfonf; pGm qif;&J'ku©a0'emrsm;ukcd Hpm; cJh&&Smygw,f/ olwdkYom;trdESpf a,mufpvHk; tJ'Dvdk qif;&J'ku© rsm; twlwuGrQa0cHpm;Mu&wm
[m a&S;b0wke;f u raumif;rI uHtaMumif;w&m;uk d pdwf wl uk, d w f l jyKvyk fczJh ;l vkyYd jJ zpfygw,f/ b0wpfckrSm olwkdYom; trd[m Am&mPoDrif;&JU rdzk&m; BuD;eJY rif;om;i,fwkYjd zpfcJhzl;yg w,f/ wpfaeYrSm wdkif;wpfyg;u aumovbk&if[m Am&mPoD jynfukd wku d cf u kd o f rd ;f yku d yf gw,f/ Am&mPoDrif;&JU rdzk&m;BuD;ukd vnf; oabmawmfusNyD; rdzk&m; ajrSmufxm;vkdufygw,f/ om; awmf uawmh xGuf a jy;vGwf ajrmufomG ;cJhygw,f/ om;awmf rif;om;[m wkid ;f wpfyg;ukd xGuf ajy;wdr;f a&SmifNyD; vufeufeYJ Akv d f yg&JrufawGukd pkaqmif;ygw,f/ tiftm;awmfhwif;jynfph Hkvmcsed f rSm Am&mPoDj ynf u kd jyef v nf csDwufvmNyD; Am&mPoDrif;ukd ]]wkdif;jynfukd tyfrSmvm;? ppf wku d frmS vm;}}vkYd ppfaMujimvkduf ygawmhw,f/ tJ'DrSm r,fawmfrzd k&m; u ]]wkdufyJjG zpf&if jynfoljynf om;awG 'ku©a&mufukerf ,f/ppf rwku d f ygeJY}}vk Yd om;awmf ukd azsmif;zsNyD; NrdKUukd 0ef;&Hydwq f Ykd xm;zkYd tBuaH y;vku d fygw,f/om; awmfuvnf; r,fawmfhtBuHt wdkif; ppfrwdkufawmhbJ NrdKUukd 0ef;&HNyD; wHcg;aygufBuD;awGukd ydwq f x Ykd m;vkdufwm ckESpEf Spfwd wd Mum;oGm;ygw,f/ tajctae uawmh ydkxl;rvmcJhygbl;/ 'g
êï
aMumifh r,fawmfu om;awmf ukd ]]usew f hJ wHcg;ayguftao; av;awGuykd g tm;vHk;ydwq f x Ykd m; yg}}vkYd tBuHxyfay;jyefygw,f/ r,fawmfay;wJh tJ'DtBuHaMumifh yJ ckESpf&ufajrmufwJhaeYrSm om; awmf[m ppfrwkdufvdu k f&bJ NrdKU ukd jyefvnf&&SNd yD; atmifEkdifcJhyg awmhw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdew f ke;f u &efol aumovrif;ukd atmifEkdizf kdYt wGuf NrdKUukd ckESpfESpfeJYckESp&f uf Mum ydwq f x Yd k m;wmaMumifh wkdif; oljynf om;awG[m twd 'ku© a&mufMu&Smygw,f/ r,fawmf rdzk&m;eJY om;awmfrif;om;wk[ dY m tJ'Db0rSm pdwfwlud, k w f l r aumif;rItukokdvu f HtaMumif; w&m;awGukd jyKvkyv f mcJhMuwm yg/ tJ'DtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh om om;trdEpS af ,mufwY[ dk m 'D b0rSm okyÜygomrif;orD;eJY &Sif oD0vdrax&fwkd YjzpfvmNyD; wl aomtusKd;ay;ukd wefjyefcHpm; Mu&wmjzpfygw,f/ wpf c gwk e f ; uvnf ; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif om0w¬djynf? aZw0efausmif;awmfrSm oDwif; oHk;awmfrlaecsdef tjzpf tysuf av;oHk;ckwkYd ra&S;raESmif;jzpfcJh zl;ygw,f/ yljyif;wJhaEG&moDaeY wpfaeYrSm tdrfwpftrd frSm rD;pGJ avmif ygw,f / tjyif;txef wku d fcwfvmwJhavjyif;eJYtwl rD; avmiftrd fu "edzwf? "ed&u G f
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
awGvnf; avxJviG fhygysHwuf vmukefygw,f/aumuf½dk;u&Guf acGwpfck[m rD;pGJavmifNyD; av xJygtoGm; aumif;uifrSmyHsae wJh usD;iSuw f pfaumif&JU vnfyif; ukd wnfhwnfhpyG rf Nd yD; ajray:jyKwf usum aoqHk;oGm;cJh&Smygw,f/ aemufwpfcku ork'´&m xJrSm ukefwifavSBuD;wpfpif; [m a&vnfacgifrSm csmcsmvnf NyD; a&SUqufroGm;bJ wefY&yfae cJyh gw,f/ avSxrJ Sm vku d fygvm wJh ynm&SdavSolBuD;u 'DavSBuD; xJr Sm ol,k wfrmwpf a ,muf a,mufawmh ygaeNyDvdYk odvu dk f ygw,f/ tJ'geJY avSxu J vltm; vHk;ukd oHk;BudrfoHk;cgwdwd rJEu Id f apNyD; ol,w k rf m&SmyHkawmf zGihyf g w,f/ oHk;BudrfpvHk;rSm xl;xl; jcm;jcm; avSolBuD;uawmfyJ ol ,kwrf mrJ usygw,f/ avSolBuD; vnf; tm;vHk;&JUtoufukdiJhNyD; rdrZd eD;r,m;ukd a&xJypfcspaw; zkdY qHk;jzwfvdu k f&ygw,f/ tJ'D rde;f rukd vnfyif;rSm oJtkd;qGJNyD; a&vnfacgifwnfhwnfhrSm ypfcs vdkufwht J cgrSmawmh avSBuD;[m tvkv d adk &GUvsm;NyD; vk&d mc&D;a&muf oGm;cJhygw,f/ aemufwpfcku awm vufaus;&Gmwpfckem;u vIdPf*l wpfckxrJ mS yg/ om0w¬dNrdKUuo kd mG ; NyD; bk&m;zl;
tjcm;wnf;ckdp&mae&mvnf;r&Sd wmeJY vIdP*f lxJrSmyJ ckepfyg;vHk; wpfnwm used ;f pufem;ckMd u&yg w,f/ nOfeh ufoef;acgif,t H csed f rSm awmifapmif;ay:rSm {&mr ausmufwHk;BuD;wpfwHk; jyKwfus vdrhq f if;vmygw,f/ xl;xl;jcm; jcm; ausmufwHk;BuD;[m vIdPf*l 0rSm ydwq f rYkd dvsuo f m;jzpfaeyg awmhw,f/ eHeufrdk;vif;wJhtcg rSm tm*EÅK&[ef;rsm;[m ausmuf wHcg;BuD;ydwaf ewmrkYd xGurf &bJ jzpfaeygawmhw,f/tJ'Dvdek YJ ckESpf &ufww d d tpma&pmiwfjywfNyD; aovkarsmyg; qif;&Jyifyef;pGm twd'ku©a&mufMu&&Smygw,f/ ckESpf&ufww d d jynhfwJhaeYrSmawmh olYtvkv d edk YJ ausmufwcH g;BuD; yGihf vmcJhwmaMumifh aoab;'ku©u vGwfajrmufvmcJhMu&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtjzpftysuu f av; oHk;rsK;d ukd jrifawGUBuHKqHk&wJh &[ef; awmfawGu jrwfpmG bk&m;xHawmf ta&muf rSm tvHk;pHkukd zGifh[ avQmufMum;Muygw,f/ jrwfpGm bk&m;u tjzpftysuftm;vHk;wkdY &JU a&S;t&if;cHtaMumif;uHw&m; awGukd jyefvnfazmfxw k Nf yD; a[m Mum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ t&ifqkH; rD;avmifcH& &SmwJh usD;iSuf&JUMur®mtaMumif; yg/ b0wpfckrSm usD;iSuf[m v,form;jzpfcJhygw,f/ v,f orm;[m ckdif;r&bJ *spfuwf uwfvyk af ewJh olY&UJEGm;wpfaumif
êî
¶®©º°Ù³ ¾µú³å« ±©;ð¹ ¿©Ù«µ¼ «µ¼ôº»ÖÇ Û×¼·ºåôÍѺ Ò§Üå «µ¼ôº¸ªµ¼¶®·ºÛµ¼·º¦µ¼Ç ¯Øåµ ® ¿©³º® ´½ Ö¸©³¶¦°º§ ¹©ôºñ ±©;𹿩٫µ¼ «µ¼ô¸ºªµ¼ ¶®·º©¬ Ö¸ ½¹ «µô ¼ ¸« º µ¼ ±»³å Ó«·º »³±ªµ¼§ Ö ±©;ð ¹ ¿©Ù « µ ¼ ª ²º å Ó«·º » ³ ±»³åª³§¹©ôºñ
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ukd pdwq f ;kd NyD; owfvdu k fygw,f/ owfwmuku d ½dk;½dk;owfwm r [kwfygbl;/ vnfyif;rSm aumuf ½dk;awGeJY ywfacGNyD; &uf&ufpuf puf rD;½IdUowfwmyg/ tJ'Dtuk okdvu f H[m v,form;ukd ESpf aygif;rsm;pGm i&JrSm qif;&J'ku© rsm;cHpm;&apygw,f/uH
&wm jzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh tm*EÅK&[ef; ckepfyg;taMumif;yg/ &[ef;awmf rsm;[m a&S;b0rSm EGm;ausmif; om; oli,fcsif;ckepfa,mufjzpf cJzh l;ygw,f/ olw[ dkY m wpfaeYrSm EGm;ausmif ;ae&if zGwfBuD;wpf aumifukd awGUMuygw,f/ zGwf BuD;[m EGm;ausmif;om;awG 0kid f; vkdufMuwmcH&awmh eD;&mawmif ykBYd uD;wpfcktwGif; 0ifajy;ygw,f/ EGm;ausmif;om;awG[m awmifyYkd BuD;&JU ywfcsmvnfu tayguf ckESpfaygufukd wpfa,mufwpf aygufpD 0kid ;f ydwcf MhJ uw,f/aemuf ckepf&ufMumwhJaeYrSm zGwfBuD;ukd owd&vmwmeJY olwkdYydwfcJhwJh awmifykdYem;oGm;NyD; taygufawG ukd zGifhay;vkdufMuygw,f/ zGwf BuD;[m ydev f SDwke, f ifpmG ',D; ',d kif eJY wa&GUa&GUxGuf vmyg w,f/olwY[ dk m zGwBf uD;ukd oem; NyD; rowfawmhbJ vTwcf JhMuyg w,f/ tJ'Db0ujyKcJhwJh tuk okv d u f HaMumifh &[ef;ckepfyg;wkdY [m wpfq,fhav;b0wkid w f kid f ,ckb0vkdyJ ckepf&ufvHk; tpm a&pmiwfwJh ab;'ku©eJY BuHKqHkcJh &ygw,f/ tJ'gawGtm;vHk;[m uH? uH&JUtusKd;w&m;awGyg/wu,f awmh taMumif;uHw&m;wkdi;f &JU aemufu, G frSm tusKd;0dygufawG [m t&dyfyrmwpfaumufaumuf vkdufygaecJhNyD;om;yg/ ukd,u f
êí
wpfb0rSm olwpfyg;tay: atmif Ekdirf Iukd vkcd sifrufarmaer,fqkd &if oHo&mrSm b0rsm;pGm ukd,f [m t½IH;aygif;rsm;pGmeJY t&if; a&mtwkd;yga&mNyD; wpfvn S w hf pf zef jyefay;qyf&ygw,f/ ukd,f [m wpf b0rSm olwpfyg;ukd 'ku©awGay;Ekid cf Jhwm[m udk,hu f kd ukd,w f dik f oHo&mb0rsm;pGmrSm 'ku©awGukd jyefcHpm;apvkdufwm ygyJ/ tJ'gaMumifhvnf; jrwf pGmbk&m;u owå0gawGukd ukd,f eJY EIdi;f ,SOfNyD; ukd,hv f kjd rifEkdizf kdY qH;k rawmfrcl w h J mjzpfygw,f/owå0g awGukd uk, d v hf kjd rifwJhtcg ukd,hf ukd oem;MuifemovkdyJ owå0g awGudv k nf; Muifemoem;vmyg w,f/ ukd,hu f kd cspfcifovk?d ñSm wmaxmufxm;ovkd owå 0g awGuv kd nf; cspfcifvmygw,f/ ñSmwmaxmufxm;vmygw,f/ tJ't D cgrSm owå0gawG[m udk,hf aMumifh 'ku©r&awmhbJ csrf;om Mu&ovk d uk d ,f v nf ;tjcm; owå0gawGaMumifh 'ku©r&bJ csr;f om&vmEkid fw,fqw kd m twkeYf tvSnh&f JU obm0yg/ oQifrkd;a0
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
±µ ¿©±»±cµ §º¶ § ¬¾¼þ³»º«-®º 嶧կú³¿©³º
¬úÍ·ºÓ±¾³±³¾¼ðر
¬¿®å¬¿¶¦ «à °Ù»åº ªÙ»ºåð¼§-»³ ¬¿®å¬¿¶¦«-®ºåÛÍ·º¸ ¿ô³öܬ¿¶½½Ø«-·¸º°Ñº«-®ºå (,cifvrStquf)
¬½»ºå øç÷ 'um/ rSefygh? vltcsKdUuvnf; pGef;vGef; &SL;&SJenf;[m ur®|mef;½dk;½dk;r[kwb f ;l ? arSmyf nmeJYwlw,f/ yef;em?[ku d f em? ½SLem½Idufuke;f ? em;xkdif;em; avxGuf? tqkwfa&m*gorm;wkYd tqkww f pfjcrf;yJhusaewJh wDbD a&m*gorm;wkY?d rD;,yfyde?f rD;,yf ajcmufeJY pdwaf emuf½l;oGyfaeol wkdYukd aq;rpm;&bJ olwkYd ur® |mef;xJ 0if½SLckid ;f wmeJY a&m*gawG aysmufukefwmawGU&w,f / 'g aMumifh pGef;vGef;ur®|mef ;[m arSmyf nmeJY ,SOw f ,fvdYak jymqkd aeMuygw,f/ 'gudka&m b,fvkd oabm&ygovJbk&m;/ wynfh awmfrsm; rSwo f m;zkYd rdeYMf um;ygOD;/
q&m/ [m ..?tJ'gvnf; vl rkdufwdY&k JU pGyfpGJqJa&; csuw f pfrsKd;yJuG/ a&m*g aysmufaMumif; aq;aumif;o zG,f jzpfawmfrlwhJ aAmZösif(7)yg; jrwfw&m;ukd bk&m;&Siaf [mMum; awmfrlcJhwm t&Sdom;yJ/ uóy aAmZösifwdY?k arm*¾vmeaAmZösifwdkY qkdwm omoemrSm ,aeYtxd xif&Sm;&SNd yD; wkdYrsm;ukd,w f dik f vl rrmukd &Gwzf wfa[mMum;ay;ae &wmyJumG / tema&m*g? pGJuyfESdyf puf cHae&wJh vlrrm[m tJ onf aAmZösiw f &m;udk ,Hk,MkH unf MunfeJY t[kww f u,f yGm;rsm; tm;xkwaf e&if rkcsa&m*gaysmuf &r,fuG/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifu, kd f wkid f &Hzef&Hcg rtDrom usifem
êì
cHcufwhJ tema&*grsK;d ESyd fpufjzpf ay:vm&if tJonfaAmZösifw&m; ukd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvdu k fwmyJ/ &Sirf [muóyBuD;wkY?d &Siaf rm*¾ vmefwdY?k &SifpkE´pwJh rax&fjrwf awG[mvnf; a&m*ga0'emjzpf ay:ESyd f pufcH&wJhtcgrSm onf aAmZösifw&m;ukyd J Budrfzefrsm;pGm yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfum a&m*g\ tjrpfukyd g y,fEkwNf idr;f owfypf MuwmyJu/G 'um/ aMomf ..aAmZösifw&m; qkw d m udk,w f dik yf Gm;rsm; tm;xkwfrS tema&*g aysmufuif;wmvm;bk&m;/onf vkdqkd&if vlrrm&JU tem;rSmq&m awmfrsm; 0kdif;xkdifNyD; a[mMum; &Gwzf wfaewJh aAmZösio f kwf y&dwf awmfrsm;ukd em,lae½HkeJY vlrrm rSma&m*graysmufuif;Ekid b f ;l aygh/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
q&m/ at; ..y&dwaf wmfukd em&awmhvnf; y&dwf w&m;&JU tusK;d taMumif; vrf;pOfukd odxm;½Hkuav;eJaY wmh ukd,pf dwaf t;Nidrf;rI okccsrf;om ukd r&Ekid b f ;l uG/ ukd,o f dxm;wJh w&m;awmfukd odxm;wJhtwkdif; t[kww f u,f usifhBuHymG ;rsm; rSom ukd,pf dwNf idr;f csr;f rI okcukd cHpm;&wmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh y&d wef mw,fqkdwm "r®ó0e ukokdvaf vmufawmh &wmaygh uGm/ 'um/ wcsKdU vlrrmawGu aAmZösifokwfukd em,l& &if olwk d Ya &m*g[m aysmufua&mvkYd xifaeMuwm bk&m;/ ckrSyJ &Si;f awmhw,f/pGe;f vGef;a,m*DESihf aAmZösifw&m;&JU ,SOpf yfyHkukd ajymvufptwkdif; qufajymygOD;bk&m;/ q&m/ at;..tJonf aAmZösif (7)yg;xJrmS vk&d if;tcsKyf jzpfwhJ xGufav0ifav um,mEkyóem owdoarÁmZösif w&m;ukd pGef;vGef;a,m*DawGu ukd,af wGU'd| t[kww f u,fymG ; rsm;tm;xkwaf ewmuG/xGuaf v 0ifav ½SL;&SJ&JU xdodrIudk tNrJ owd jyK rSwfom;yGm;rsm;aewJh pGEf;vGef;a,m*Dorm;[m bk&m; a[m w&m;awmfeJYtnD owd oarÁmZösiu f d k bm0Dw? A[kvu D w tBudrfrsm;pGm avhvmyGm;rsm; ae wmom jzpfavawmh tema&m*g
awG aysmufuif;csr;f om wmaygh uG/ tJ'gudkyJ bk&m;rMunf ndKol? pGe;f vGe;f remvkdol? vlru kd f wpfcku twåuv d rxmEka,m* xJ qGJoGif;vkYrd &wmeJY]arSmyf nm} vkdY wpfenf;BuHwm xifyghumG / 'um/ olrsm;ajymoHMum;vko Yd m [kwf? r[kwf? rSef-r rSef ar;&wmygbk&m;/ pGef;vGef;q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;jy ay;wJh ½SL;&SJw&m;a[m vufp owfawmh aAmZösifw&m;awG jzpf aewmukd bk&m;/ 'gxuf quf ar;yg&apOD;/ tJ o nf v kd aq;pm;? aq;vdrf;? aq;xkd;wmvnf; r [kwfbJ onfxu G fav? 0ifav ½SL;&SJ&JU xdodrIaAmZösifw&m;ukd rSwfom;wmeJY tema&m*gawG aysmufysufuif;Nidr;f Ekdifw,f qkd wmu b,fhES,af Mumifh b,fvdk uif;Nidrf;wmvJbk&m;/ ½SL;&SJvkyf wmeJY ]]a&m*gaysmufuif;yHk t ajccH tquftpyfoabmuav; ukd rusO;f rus,f wynfeh m;vnf atmif xkwaf qmif&Si;f jyygOD; bk&m;}} q&m/ tdrf;..rif;wGirf ubl;? onfpmzwfwhJ olawGyg tm;vHk;em;vnfatmif ajymjyr,f/ q&mu em;vnf atmif ajymwmukd em;vnfatmif vnf; em;axmifrSwo f m;&w,f uG/ ukdif; ..em;axmifa&;rSwf
êë
ѧ¹ù¹»º¬®-Õ¼å®-Õ¼å¿Ó«³·º¸ §´§·º¿¶§åªÌ³å¿½-³«º½-³å ¿¦³«º¶§»º©µ»ºª קº¿»©Ö¸ °¼©º«µ¼ ©²ºÓ«²ºÒ·¼®º±«º ¿¬å¶®¿°©©º©Ö¸ cÍÔåúÍÖ¨¼± ¼±©¼¶¦·º¸ ®¼¿¬³·º¦®ºå¨¼»ºå ¬µ§º½-Õ§º¨³åªµ¼«º©Ö¸ ¬½¹®Í³ ©Ðͳѧ¹ù¹»º¯µ¼©Ö¸ §´§»º¿½-³«º½-³ å®×¿©ÙÅ ³ Ò·¼®ºåÒ§Üå Ò·¼®ºð§º ©²ºÓ«²ºª³©³¿§¹¸« Ùñ
aya&mha[h/ (1) tema&m*gqkw d m uH?pdw?f Owk? tm[m& tJonf taMumif;w&m; av;yg;aMumifh om jzpfw,fvdYk (1)tcsufrSwf xm;vkduf/ (2) tJonf taMumif; av;yg;xJrSm ]]OwkESihf tm[m& u}} y"mer[kwb f ;l uG ]]uHEiS hf pd wf ESpf yg;om}}y"mejy|mef ;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
aMumif;udkvnf ; xl;uJNyD;rSwf vku d fOD;a[h/ (3) tJonf uH? pdwf ESpfyg;xJrSmvnf; uHac:wJh ap wem[m apwodurf sK;d xJu jzpf aevkYd pdw&f JUaemufvdu k fomjzpf aomaMumif h pifppfpd wfuom a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmif? avmuBuD; wpfckvHk;[m pdwt f vkd twkdif; om vku d fvu kd fNyD; jzpfae&wmukd vnf; wpfxpfcs rSwx f m;vkduf OD;uG/ (4) tJonfvkd avmu BuD; wpfckvHk;ukd tkyfpkd;pDrHcs,f vS,af ewJh pdw[ f mvnf; tylawaZm"mwf ? aoG ;-tmayg "mwf?av-0ga,m"mwf/tJonf "mwfoHk;rsKd;pyfu aygufzGm;vm wJh ]]½kyZf 0D w d ad jE´ac:}}½kyo f ufu jzpfvmw,f vkYd rSwf&r,f u/G ]]tJ'g pdwjf zpfyHkyJ/}} (5) tJonf ½kyfZD0w d d ajE´ukd jzpfapwwfwJh]]awaZmtmayg-0ga,m}}"mwfoHk;rsKd;pyf uvnf; OwkeJYtpmtm[m& ESpf yg;aMumifhom jzpfay:vmw,fvYdk wpfqifhrSw&f r,fu/G (6) 'ghaMumifh ukd,x f J rSm tema&m*gjzpfum ½kyfazmuf jyeforQawG[m tmayg"mwfjzpf wJh aoG;azmufjyefysupf D;vkdYom jzpfw,fvdYk wpfxpfcsrSwaf [h/ (7) tJonfvdk tmayg "mwf½kyfjzpfwJh aoG;azmufjyef ysuf pD;&wm[mvnf ; wPSm
Oyg'geftrsKd;rsKd;wkdYeJY ylyifacsmuf csm;wJh pdwaf wGaMumifhom azmuf jyefysufpD;&aMumif;ukd avSeH"m; xpf rSwaf ya&mhuGm/ 'um/ wifyghb&k m;?wynfah wmf ar;wmu xGuaf v? 0ifav? ½SL;&SJ xdodukd rSww f meJY aq;raomufbJ a&m*g aysmufyHkukdar;wm/ q&mawmf ajzwmu wynfha wmftar;&JU vkd&if;tajzvnf; ay:rvmao; bl;/ q&m/ aMomf ..rif;u]]a&m*g aysmufuif;yHk tajccH tquf t pyf o abm tusO;f ukd ajymygqkdvkYd tajccH qufpyfyHkawG ajymae&wm/}} w,fcufoukd/ wkYrd sm;ajymwm em;axmifprf;uGm/ vQmr&Snpf rf; eJY tpDtpOf awGawmif b,f a&mufukeNf yDvJ rodbl;/ at; ..em;axmif? (7) tcsuf jzpfwJh Oyg'geftrsKd;rsKd; aMumifh ylyifajy;vTm;acsmufcsm; azmufjyef wkev f Iyaf ewJh pdwu f kd wnf MunfNidrf ouf at;jrap wwfwJh ½SL;&SJxdod owdjzifh rd atmifzrf;xde;f tkycf sKyfxm;vku d f wJhtcgrSm wPSmOyg'gefqw kd hJ yl yefacsmufcsm;rIawG[m Nidrf;NyD; Nidrf0yfwnfMunfvmwmayghu/G olYtrSwu f av;eJYol a,m*Dpw d f xJrSm at;jrcsr;f omvmw,faygh uGm/ 'um/ rSefygh? tajccHobm0
êê
&JU taMumif;tusKd; quf pyf j zpf a y:vmyH k uav;awGukd wynfhawmf&yd fpm; rdygNyD/ pdw&f SdawmfrrlygeJYbk&m;/ a&SUukd qufvufrdeYMf um;awmfrl ygOD;/ q&m/ at; ...tJonfvkd t aMumif;tusKd;quf pyf um tema&m*g jzpfay: vmyHkawGukd tvHk;pkHodawmfrlwJh jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifu owå0g awG temuif;&m a&m*gaysmuf aMumif;eJY aumif;usKd;csrf;om & &Sda&;twGuf ]]xGufouf-0if oufac:wJh}} xGuaf v0ifav ½SL;&St J rSwo f wdukd a&m*gaysmuf aMumif; r[mMoo" aq;aumif; BuD;tjzpfeJY ]]aAmZösiw f &m;awmf jrwf}}[k trnfwpfrsKd;wyfNyD; rdeYMf um; ñTe;f vpfawmfrlcJhw,f vkYd rSwx f m;aya&mhumG / aemuf *D&rd meE´okwf pwJh okwaf ygif;rsm;pGmxJrSmvnf; tema&m*gaysmufaMumif;wkdYukd onf vkdyJ owdonmeJY a[m Mum;xm;wmawG &Sdao;w,fuG/ uJ- rif ; tvkd & Sd a ewJh aq;rvdrf;? rxk;d ? raomuf&bJ xGufav0ifavaMumifh a&m*g aysmufyHkuav;ukd a*gwrEG,f zGm; jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif&JU pum; awmft& wkdYrsm;u wpfqifhajym jyr,f/ oabmusatmif em; axmif rSwx f m;aya&mha[h/ qufvufazmfjyygrnf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ú³ÅµªúÖË ®Í©º°µ©µ¼óî ¬ÆZð owdw&m;?todw&m; qkdwm i,f&, G foltwGuf xde;f csKyfrI? qifjcifrIjzpfzkdY rvG,u f l Ekdifbl;vkdY w&m;aoajymvkdY r& Ekdifygbl;/ touft&G,fxku d f avsmufpmG &Sw d ho J al wGvnf; owd w&m;?todw&m;awG uif;vGwf aewmrsK;d ukd awGUzl;MurSmyg/ qkd vkdwmu aumif;jrwfwJh tqHk; trrSeo f rQukd rdrd&JUOD;aESmufxJ pGpJ GJepfepf &SdaezkYjd zpfygw,f/b,f t&mrqkd aygh a yghwef w ef
oabmxm;NyD;ae&if cHpm;rIqdw k m bmwpfckrQ av;eufrI&SdaerSmr [kwfygbl;/ av;eufrrI &SdraS wmh ESvk;H oGi;f rNrJEikd af wmhb;l aygh/ t aMumif;t&mwpfck? tjzpfoepf wpfckukd av;eufpmG cHpm;wwfwhJ olawGtwGuaf wmh yg;vsaysmuf ysufoGm;wwf½k;d r&Syd gbl;/ av; av;eufeuf cHpm;wwfrSvnf; trSwx f ifxif todpJyG gw,f/ av;eufpGm todpo GJ lwpfa,muf twGuf owdpGr;f tif[m ydkrdjk rifh
êé
rm;aeygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh omraP b0rSmyJ&Sdaeao;wJh &m[kvukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u tajctae?t csdet f cgeJY wnfhrwfNyD; xde;f uGyf oGeo f ifae&pNrJygyJ/ usefwhu J dpö awGukd taMumif;tm;avsmf pmG qHk;ra[mMum;ayr,fh ypön;f av; jzmeJYywfoufNyD; wyfrufwJh]w PSm}rjzpfz?Ykd umr*kPfeyYJ wfouf NyD; qE´&m*ukdy,fzkdY? rdwaf qG aumif;aygif;rdzYt kd wGuu f kd rMum
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
rMumoGefoifygw,f / tJ'Dt aMumif;udpöawGeJY ywfoufvdkY tcsed u f mv?touftykdi;f tjcm; eJY qHk;rwmr[kwb f J tNrJwrf; vkdvdk qHk;raewmyJjzpfygw,f/ ]pd wf } qk d wJ h t&m[m wkdif;wmvkYd r&Ekid af tmif vQifjref zswv f wfw,f r[kwv f m;/ rdb u om;orD;ukdjzpfap? q&mu wynfhuk djzpfap qHk;rwm;jrpf wJt h cg tcku d t f wefaY vmuf em;xJ a&mufNy;D taygif;toif;e JYawGUwJh tcg qHk;rxm;wJhtcsuftvuf awGudk arhypfvu dk Mf uolawG 'keJY a';ygyJ/ &[ef;oHCmawGeYJ aeae &wJh &m[kvuvnf; pum;ajym r,fqkd&if tJ'D&[ef; oHCmawmf awGeyYJ J ajymp&m&Syd gw,f/ &m[kv t&G,[ f m twkjriftwwfoifwhJ t&G,yf g/ &[ef;oHCmawGxrJ Sm vnf; oDv? orm"djynf hpHkol? tusio hf u d ©m usK;d aygufo?l tJ'Dvdk &Sdaewmyg/ &[ef;oHCmawGeJY jyKajymquf qHae&wJh &m[kvukd jrwfpGm bk&m;u owd? tod ,SOw f JaG exkid zf Yt kd wGuf rMumcP ajymMum; aewmawGu]]&m[kv? oifhtaeeJY tNrJrjywf aygif;oif;qufqaH e &rItwGuf ynm&Su d kd rxDrJhjrif rjyKbJ&dSyg&JUvm;/ vlwdYt k wGuf ÓPfqrD D;ukd xGef;ay;wJhynm&Sd yk*¾dKvfuakd &m oif[mylaZmfyg&JU vm;}} tif rwef euf ½Id if ;vSy
wJh ar;cGe;f av;yg/ vlawGrSm jzpf wwfwmu &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifveG f; oGm;wJhtcgrSm rdrdxufynmt&m jrifhrm;wJhol? rdrdukd todÚmPf zGHYNzdK;zkdY oGefoifol? 'grSr[kwf tBuHaumif;? ÚmPfaumif;ay; wwf wJhol? rdrd tusKd;pD;yGm;t wGuf taxmuftyHhjzpfapoludk rav;rpm;ajymqkq d ufqrH dwwf Muw,f/ 'g[m &if;ESD;uRrf;0if wmukd tcGifh,lNyD;(tcGifhaumif; ,lum r[kwfygbl;qkd&ifawmif qifjcifwkHuif;vGwNf yD;awmh)t½dk taowef r Jh owd v uf v Gwf ajymqdkqufqHwmrsK;d ygyJ/wu,f awmh tJonfvdrk sKd;ukd rjzpfoifh ygbl;/ bmaMumifhvJq&kd if tJ'D ol[m rdrt d aeeJY b,fvkyd k*dK¾ vf rsKd;ukd tNrJwrf;*½k*g&0w&m;eJY qufqaH exkid f &r,f qdw k m rdrd OD;aESmufxx J nfhrxm;vkydY gyJ/'g [m b0rSm cyfayghayghaewwf olawG&JU tusifhwpfckqkd&if rrSm; ygbl;/ rdrd&JUb0twGuf aumif; usK;d ukv d v d k m;Ny;D todÚmPf
êè
v&JU yifukd,Af DZuku d ql;&SdwJh tyifvykd gyJ/ ql;ukd wpfpHkwpfOD; u rzefwD;ay;&bJ obm0t& tyifaygufi,fuwnf;u xuf jrufp;l &Srd &I dw S ho J abmvkyd J &m[kv uvnf; i,fi,fuwnf;u xuf xufjrufjruf&do S lyg/ 'gayr,fh owdqkdwm ykad ew,fvdYk r&Syd g bl;/ cRwfacsmfwrd f;yg;wmyJ jzpf wwfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;u owdrvpf[if; &atmif xyfumxyfum qHk;r awmfrl&wmyg/ tJ'Daemufawmh umr*kPfeJYywfoufNyD;]]&m[kv? oif[m cspf cifom,mtyfwJh oabm&Sad om ESvk;H arGUavsmfzG,&f u Sd kefaom um r*kPif g;yg;ukd pGefYy,fNyD; o'¨g w&m;eJY qif;&JJjcif;&JUtqHk;ukd jyK oljzpfygapawmh}} avmutaeeJY owf rSwx f m;wJh om,mzG,fqkdwm awG[m vSnhpf m;xm;w,fqkdwJh oabmukd jrifapvkdwmyg/ t qif;? toH? teHY? t&om? t xdtawGUqkd wm vlwkid f;aeYpOf &ifqkid fae&wJh udpöygyJ/ vlYpw d f vlYoabmu wifhw,fwJhtoGif tjyif? em;0ifyD,jH zpfr,fh oHpOf? csdKtDarT;jrwJh &eHY? vQm;&if;jruf r,fh tpm;taomuf? El;nHhom ,mwJh tawGUtxdukdyJ cHpm;csif Muwmyg/ rvTJra&SmifomvkYd &if qkid fawGU&wJh ted|m½HkawG? em; rcHomEkid fwhJ ½ke&Yf if;Murf;wrf;oH
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¶®©º°³Ù ¾µú³å« ¿¦³«º¶§»º§-«º°åÜ ¿»©Ö¸ cµ§º±¿¾³¿©Ù«µ¼ ¾³©°º½µ®Ï ®©·º¸©ôº§¹«ª³å ¯µ¼©³«µ¬¼ Ò®ÖÛͪصå±Ù·ºå½µ¼·ºå ¿»©³§¹ñ ©¶½³å¿ðå¿ðå®Ó«²º¸ §¹»ÖÇñ ®¼®¼«µ¼ôº®¼®¼ ¶§»ºÓ«²º¸ú·º ±¼±³§¹©ôºñ
awG? atmf*vDqefwJhteHYtouf tp&SdwmawGukd &G&H SmwwfMuwm yJ/ om,mzG,f? rom,mzG,f Mum;rSm aexkid fMu&if;u ukov kd f eJY tukokdvu f kd vGefqJaG wmhwm ygyJ/ umr*kPfukd om,m zG,jf zpfatmif? ESvk;H arGUavsmfzG,f jzpfatmif zefwD;,lp&mr[kwf ovkd rom,mzG,?f ESvk;H npfEGrf; zG,f rjzpf&atmifvkYd vspfvsL½I Ekdif&ygvdrfhr,f/ tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? txdtawGUqkw d Jh umr*kPif g;yg;[m ñIYt d m;aumif; &ifaumif;ovkd vlud, k pfrl;ap wwfwmyg/ ½ke;f rxGufcsiaf tmif jzpfrNd yDqkd&if oHo&mukdvn S hyf wf zkdY vG,u f lomG ;awmhw,f/ b0 wpfck&vmOD;r,fh qif;&J'ku©ukd vnf; rjrifawmhbl;av/ q,fh oHk;ESpv f k;H vHk; umr*kPfeYaJ rGUavsmf cJhwJh od'¨w¬b0rSm ta>ct&Heef; wGif;olawG&JU wpfnwmazsmfajz rItNyD;rSmyJ BuD;rm;wJh oHa0*ukd ykd&cJhawmhwmyg/ wu,fawmh umr*kPfw&m;udk rufarmrdwm [m tarSmifxkeufeufxu J kd wkd; wkd;NyD; 0ifomG ;wmeJYwlygw,f/ qif;&Jjcif;&JUtqHk;ukd owfEkdifzkdY jrwfpmG bk&m;u umr*kPfeJYa0; oxufa0;atmif &m[kvukdr jywfowday;ae&wmjzpfygw,f/ aemuf awmh rd waf qG aumif;&&SdzkdYqkw d muvnf; b0 rSm ta&;ygygw,f/ vlqdw k m
êç
rdwaf qGaumif;&SdrS b0wk;d wuf &m? wkd;wufaMumif;jzpfay:yg w,f/ wpfa,mufwnf;taeeJY a&m tjzpfEikd b f ;l vm;vkYd apm'u wufr,fqdk&if wpfa,mufwnf; vnf; BudK;pm;rI&Sd&if atmifjrif Ekdiyf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh vlqkw d m wpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf; oD;jcm; aeEkid fwho J wå0gr[kwyf gbl;/ ae vkYv d nf; r&Ekdifygbl;/ 'Dawmh rdwaf umif;aqGaumif;qkdwm vl wkid f;twGuf vkdtyfygw,f/tJ'D vkyd gyJ oHCmht0ef;t0kdif;rSmqkd &ifvnf; rdrdw&m;? rdrdusifhBuH &ayr,fh oHCmnDñw G rf ItwGuf omoemawmftusK;d twGuf oD wif;oH;k azmfaumif;uawmh {uef rkcs vkt d yfwmyg/ tJ'Doabmukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u b,fvq dk k;H rovJ qkad wmh]]&m[kv? oif[m t aqGcif yeG f;aumif;awGeJY qnf; uyfaexkid fyg/ a0;wJh? qdwNf idrf wJh?a
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
jyóem&yfawGukd wnfhrwfxed ;f ausmif ; ay;wm[m rd wf a qG aumif;&JU vu©PmygyJ/ tJ'Dvkd rdwaf qGaumif;? taygif;toif; aumif;udkvnf; rdru d &SmazGquf qHwwf&rSmyg/ q&mwifrSm;rdvYkd taygif;rSm;rdvkYd tyg,fi&Jukd a&mufomG ;&wJh om"uawG[m yd#upmayxJrSm txift&Sm; awGUEkid fygw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY t Zmwowfvk?d okE´&Dyk&dAZkd rf av; vkrd sKd;/ avmurSm t0ef;t0kdi;f eJY ESD;EG,fMu&wJh vlom;tzkdY rdwf aumif;aqGaumif;ukd rvGJraoG vkdtyfwm[m rjiif;Ekid fwht J csuf ygyJ/ qdwNf idr&f m? a
u 0ifygvmrdwwfygw,f/tJ'D tcg tjcm;ol&JU y#dyu©xrJ Sm rdrd vnf;a&maESmoGm;NyD; cku d f&efyGm; &r,fhtjzpfukd a&mufomG ;rSmyg/ b,folYtwGufrS tusKd;r&SdwJht wGuf ckduf&efa'goeJY a0;a0;ae &wm[m csrf;omrIwpfckygyJ/ 'g [m vlwpfa,muftwGuf b0 xJrSm aumif;aomaexkid fenf; tjzpf usifhoHk;wwfzjYkd zpfygw,f/ a&mif&h Jv, G Ef id k zf Yt kd wGuf ypön;f av;yg;eJY ywfoufNyD;oGef oifwmuawmh]]&m[kv? oifhtaeeJY ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;? ausmif; tdyf&mrSm wyfrufrI]wPSm}udk rjzpfygapeJY/'DavmuxJud k aemuf wpfcgjyefvmzkYd tvkdr&SdygeJYawmh}} uJ ..rSwu f a&m?'Db0 rSmyJ aemufqkH;taeeJYoHo&mukd jzwfawmuf?&yfypfvu kd fvYdk owd ay;pum;? tqkd;&Gm;qHk;jzpfwJh wyfrufrIwPSm/ NrJNrHwJht&m? ckdifcHhwJhoabmqkdwmawG[m 'D avmuxJrSm &SdvYv kd m;/ ½kyf?j'yf? t&m0w¬KawGu cPwmjzpfvm NyD; ysupf ;D ,kd,iG f;oGm;Muwmcsn;f ygyJ r[kwv f m;/tJ'Dtoduav; ukd onf;ajcxJ oHrdeI JY½ kd uo f vkd pGJxm;Ekdif&if b,favmuf rsm; Nidrf;csrf;vkd ufrvJ/ t&m&mukd wyfrufrIuae apmifhpnf;Ekdif&if twåudk c0gcsvmEkdifNyDvkYd qk&d awmhrSmyg/ wyfrufrI]wPSm}&JU t
éð
rnfemrawGu tawmfrsm;yg w,f/ oabmuawmh wPSmeJY toGifwl toif;tzGJUawGaygh/ tJ 'gawGu wPSm? wodPm?aZm? Zmvde?d 0owådum? qE´? Z#m? eduEÅd?tmom? oAÁdeD? b0aew¬d? tbdZösm? 0ex? 0ge? avmb? &m*?tmv,? yd[m? raem&x? £päm? tbdvmo? umr? a'g [VmvkYad c:wJh t&mawGygyJ/ w PSm&JUoabm rlv"mwf&if;u ]wo}"mwf jzpf w,fvkYd qk yd g w,f/ wo"mwf[m ydygoqkd wJh rGwfodyfqmavmifjcif;? 'grS r[kwf wyfrufESpfoufjcif;vkdY teuf&ygw,f/ wPSm[m tNrJ wrf;yJ qmavmifaewJhw&m;yg/ olY&JU rGwf od yfqmavmifrI[m b,favmufxv d q J kd&if ork'´&m [m olYxu J kd a&awGb,favmuf yJ pD;0ifvm rjynfh0Ekdifovkd?rD; [m b,favmufyJ avmifpm awGxnfhxnfh? xnfhrqHk;Ekdifo vkd wPSmuvnf; bmukdyJ&& wif;wdrfauseyfomG ;w,fvkYu d kd r&Sdygbl;/ tJ'Doabmukd wdued ygwf? rE¨mwkZmwfrSm rE¨mwkp Mumrif;[m uRef;i,ft&H ESpf axmif&SdwhJ uRef;BuD;av;uRef;ukd tpk;d &wJholyg/ 'gayr,fh ol[m tJ'Davmuf ykid fqikd af ewmawmif auseyfa&mifh&JrI r&Sdbl;wJh/tJ'g eJY pwkr[m&mZfbHkukw d ufNyD; tkypf kd;awmfrljyefygw,f/ tJ'g
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
vnf; tm;&auseyfrI r&Sdao; wmeJY wPSm&JUtvkt d & wm0wð omrSm odMum;oHk;usdyfajcmufyg; vJhonfhwkid fatmif tkypf kd;rif;rl awmfrlygao;w,f/ tJ'gawmif wPSmu tawmrowf a wmh NyD;jynfhpHkw,f r&Sdjyefb;l / tJ'geJY odMum;rif;ukdowf NyD; wpf OD; wnf; odrf;yku d fr,ftvkyrf Sm od Mum;rif;ukd rowfEikd fbJ vlYjynf ukd jyefa&mufNyD; uG,v f eG o f Gm;cJh &ygw,f/tJ'geJYywfoufNyD; jrwf pGmbk&m;u &wemckEpS yf g;?rkd;BuD; oGe;f NzdK;&Gmcsay;wmawmif umr w&m;wkdYrnfonf a&mifh&JEkd if w,fqkdwm r&Sdaybl;vkYd a[m awmfrlcyJh gw,f/ vku d frqHk;Ekid w f hJ wyfrufrIwPSmuawmh tHhrcef; ygyJ/ wyf ruf rIukd rapmifh pnf;Ekid v f u kYd awmh pGJvrf;rIu t vkv d kdjzpfNyD;om;/ wPSm? ypö,m Oyg'geHt& ouFe;f ukd pGJvef;NyD; aooGm;wJh t&Siw f ó d &[ef; [m tJ'DouFef;rSm oef;jzpfomG ; cJh&ygw,f/ rwoHCdujzpfwJh tJ'DouFef;ukd &[ef;awGu a0 zefr,fvkyaf wmh wdóoef;BuD; u ]ighOpömudk vk,ufaeMuyg vm;}qkdNyD; jrnfwrf;owJh/tJ'D toHukd jrwfpGmbk&m;u tbd nmOfeJYMum;wmaygh/ wu,fvdkY tJ'DouFef;ukd a0zefr,fqkd&if wdóoef;BuD;u &[ef;awGudk jypfrSm;rdawmhr,f/ tJ'gukd jrwf
pGmbk&m;u jrifawmfrlw,f/tJ'D awmh ouFe;f ukd ra0zefapbJ ckepf&uf qkdi;f iHhxm;ckdif;vkduf& w,f / ck epf & uf a jrmuf a wmh wdóoef;b0uaeaoNyD; wk odwmewfjynfrSm oGm;jzpfvk Yd awmfao;wmaygh/'DawmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;u tJ'DouFef;ukd ,lap awmhwm/ b,favmufaMumuf p&maumif;vkduo f vJ/ oef;b0 uae aoqHk;wJhtcg wkow d m ewfbHkrSm jzpfwmukad xmuf&if wu,fvYo kd m pGJvrf;rIr&SdcJh&if &[ef;b0uwnf ;uae pkaw wmeJY ewfjynfukda&mufEkdifwm aocsmygw,f/ tJ'DrSm jrwfpmG bk&m;u a0zefrIukd rqkid f;iHch Jhb;l qkd&if i&Jukda&mufomG ;rSm ao csmaygufyJ/ wyfrufrI wPSm aMumifjh zpfwhJ pGJvrf;rIOyg'gef[m Muufo;D xavmufatmif aMumuf zkdYaumif;ygw,f/ tJ'DtaMumif; eJY ywfoufvdYjk rwfpGmbk&m;u]]owå0gawG&JU wPSm [m 0efav;vSwm rSeaf yw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY oHujzpfwJhoHacs; [m tJ'DoHuykd J pm;w,f/zsuq f D; w,f/roHk;aqmifaumif;jyKw,f? tJ'Dvdyk J wPSm[m owå0gawG &JU ukd,w f Gi f;oEÅ mef rSmjzpf NyD; owå0gawGukd i&JrSmjzpfapw,f/ ysufpD;jcif;udka&mufapw,f}}vkdY ajymMum;NyD; wpfqufwnf; a' oemawmfudk a[mMum;cJyh gw,f/ ]]tnpftaMu; oHacs;
éï
onf oHrSomvQifjzpf\/ xkdrSx í xkdoHukdyif pm;ouJhokYd þt wl ypön;f av;yg;ukd rqifjcifrl í oHk;aqmifaom&[ef;ukdom rdrdüjzpfí rdrdOpömjzpfukefaom xkt d ukokv d u f HwYo dk nf 'k*¾wb d 0 okdY aqmifMuukef\/ ("r®y'?18? 240)vkdY rdeYaf wmfrlcJhwmyg/ 'gaMumifh ypön;f av;yg; eJY ywfoufvkY?d ½kyf0w¬KawGeJY ywfoufvYkd wyfrufrIwPSmu ae uif;a0;zkYd &m[kvuvnf; qifjcifaecJh&wmjzpfygw,f/ ]]&m[kv?oif[m ygwd armu©oDv? £ajE´ig;yg;? apmifh pnf;oljzpfygap? oifhrSm um, *wmowdjzpfygap? oHo&mrSm NiD;aiGUqefYusirf Irsm;ol jzpfygap}} &[ef;? omraPawG twGuf ta&;BuD;wJh tpdwt f ykdif;ygyJ/ ygwdarmu©oH0&?£jE´d ,oH0&? tmZD0yg&dok'¨d? ypö, oEéó d dwqkdwJh oDvav;yg;ukd xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fatmif jyK &wmyg/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU tmPm ynwfjzpfwhJ 0denf;odum© yk'af wmf ukd uk, d Ef Iww f kYed JY rvGefusL;rd atmif apmifha&SmufrI[m ygwd armu©oH0&oDvygyJ/apmifah &Smuf wJholukd 'ku©ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsK;d rsKd;uae vGwfuif;apwJh oDv vnf; jzpfygw,f/ &[ef;? omraPawG oDvapmifhxed ;f ovkd vlawGt wGuf vlwkY&d JUoDv0dok'¨dqkw d m
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
vnf; &SdwmygyJ/ wpfck&dw S mu &[ef;awG&JUoDv0dok'u ¨d kd vlawG twGuaf wmh cufcJus,0f ef;wm r[kwyf gbl;/yOöov D ? 'grSr[kwf tmZD0|ru oDvaqmufwnf& wmyg/ 'g[m vlawG&JU oDv0d ok'¨dygyJ/ ig;yg;oDveJY tmZD0| ruoDvrSm wpfcsKdUodu©myk'ft aeeJY uGJjym;ygvsuf oDv0dok'¨d jzpfjcif;[m bmaMumifhwlovJ qkd&if apmifhxed ;f rI? a&SmifMuOfrI wlaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ b,fvw dk o l vJq&kd if ig; yg;oDvudk aqmufwnfwho J l[m tjynfhtpHkapmifha&Smufr,fqkd&if wku d f ½d kufaqmuf wnf rItaeeJY xif&Sm;wJh odu©myk'd fig;yg;wnf; om apmifha&Smufwm ruao; bl;/ 0pDuHtm;jzifw h Nl yD; rkom0g' rSmyg0ifwhJ ydokP0gpm(uke;f wku d f jcif;)? z½ko0gpm(qJa&;usdeq f kd jcif;)? oræyv Ü my(tjzpfreS rf [kwf wJh tusKd;rJhyHk0w¬K)awG ajymqkd jcif;qkdwJh 0pDuHoHk;yg;rSm apmifh a&SmuftyfvdYyk gyJ/ um,uHoHk; yg;? 0pDuaH v;yg;wkYu d ae tjynfh tpHk apmifha&SmufwJhol[m rdpäm ZD0uif;aeawmhw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ig;yg;oDv[m tmZD0|ruoDv eJY wljcif;jzpf&ygw,f/ umarok rdpämpm&rSmyg0ifwJh ok&mygerS vnf; apmifha&SmuftyfwJhtjzpf yg/ 'gaMumifh tmZD0|ru oDv [mvnf; ig;yg;oDveJYwlaewm yg/oDvNrJEikd fw,fqkdwm aumif;
&mbHkb0a&mufzdYyk J r[kwfvm;/ ]]&m[kv? &m*eJY pyf ,SOw f hJ vSywifhw,fjcif; trSwf edrdwu f kda&SmifMuOfyg/ tokb bm0emtusK;d iSm tm½Hkwpfckwnf; &SdwJh? aumif;pGmwnfMunf wJh pdwu f kdyJ yGm;rsm;ygap}} tJ'D owday;oGeo f if csufxJrSmvnf; &m*eJY,SOfwJNG yD; rMunfhrzd Ykd qH;k rjyefygw,f/]&m*} qkdwmuvnf; wyfrufESpfouf jcif;teufygyJ/ wyfrufESpfouf wwfwhJ wPSmukd ]&m*}vkv Yd nf; ac:jyefygao;w,f/&m*[m wyf rufESpfoufjcif;teufwlayr,fh vnf; wyfrufyHk wyfrufenf; uGJjym;wJhtwGuf puú0w¬Dokwf t|uxmrSm &m*oHk;sKd;ukd cGJjy xm;ygw,f/ t"r®&m*? 0dor avmb? rdpäm"r®qdNk yD; tJ'DvkdcJG xm;ygw,f/ wyfrufzkdYroifhwJh trdpaomt&mrsKd;rSm tbdMwm rif;wkdYvkd wyfrufwJh&m*rsKd;ukd t"r®&m*vkYd qkdygw,f/ wyfruf oif hwJht&mrSmvnf ; vGefvGef MuL;MuL; tjyif;txefwyfruf wJh &m*rsKd;ukd 0doravmbvkYd ac:ygw,f/a,mufsm;tcsif;csi;f ? rde;f rtcsif;csif; wyfrufwJh&m* rsK;d uawmh rdpäm"r®vYdk qkdwmygyJ/ b,fvdyk Jjzpfjzpf tJ'D&m*awG[m wyfrufwmjzpfaevkYd wPSm&JU y&d,m,ftjzpf zGifhqkdxm;wmyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u azmuf jyefysufpD;aewJh ½kyo f abmawG
éî
ukd bmwpfckrQrwifhw,fygu vm; qkdwmukdtNrJESvHk;oGif;ckdif; aewmyg/ wjcm;a0;a0;rMunfh ygeJY/ rdrdukdrdrd jyefMunfh&if od omygw,f/ qkdygawmh ...vSy ygw,fqkdwo hJ /l wu,fvyS wifh w,fyg&JUvm;/ a&rkd;rcsK;d ? rjyif rqif? rNzD;rvdrf;? tarT;tBudKif rqGwfzsef ;bJ ESpf&ufavmuf? oHk;&ufavmuf aeMunfhprf;yg/ b,fhES,hv f J? wifhw,fvSyao; &JUvm;/rlvoabmukdu tokb (rwifw h ,frI)jzpfaewJh ukd,cf E¨m BuD;yg/ rwifrh w,fjzpfaevkYd a& csKd;ay;&? NzD;vdrf;jc,foay;&/ tarT;eHYomawG qGwzf sef ;ae& wm r[kwv f m;/ wifhw,faerS awmh u&duxrsm;vGef;wJh t vkyyf kdawG vkypf &mrvkdawmhyg bl;/ w&m;&Smukd,rf SmawGUw,f vkYd qkw d mr[kwv f m;/ puúefYr vyfazmufjyef ysufpD;,k, d iG f;ae wJh cE¨mtdru f kd wnfMunfwhpJ w d f eJY bm0emyGm;rsm;EkdifzY?kd jyufjyuf xifxif jrifatmifvkYd jrwfpmG bk&m;u &m[kvukd tNrJrjywf owday;aecJ&h wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ tZÆ0
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¬¼Ûl¼ô»ôº°§º¿ù±« ±³±»³¸¬ª·ºå¿ú³·ºÛÍ·º¸ Æ®_Ô±¼ú± Ü ³±»³¸ß® ¼ ³»º¿©³ºÞ«Üå
¿«-³·ºåªÌ©§º ¿´ Ƴº§ÖÙ eE´mrif;vGif
»ôº°§º®-Ñºå¿§æ« ±³±»³¬ª·ºå 2005-ckESpf? rwfvaemufqk;H ywftwGif; u tdE, ´d -jrefrme,fpyfa'o\ NrdKUawmfjzpfonfh ppfuikd ;f wkdi;f ?wrl;NrdKUoYdk a&mufjzpfcyhJ gonf/ uav; NrdKUcH? pma&;q&mjzpfaom jrqifhcs,fu zdwaf c: ojzifh vkdufygcGifh&&SdcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ q&mjrqifh cs,fu wrl;NrdKU? NrdKUra&Tusifausmif;wkdufBuD;wGif pkaygif;aqmufvkyv f SL'gef;cJhMuaom ZrÁLod&Dom oemhAdrmefawmfBuD; ausmif;vTwfylaZmfyJo G kdY oGm; a&mufrnfjzpfonf/ZrÁLod&D omoemhAdrmefausmif; vTwf ylaZmfyJBG uD;ukd txl;pnfum;okdufNrdKufpmG crf;crf;em;em;usif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpfí uRefawmfwdkY rdom;pkukdyg wrl;NrdKUokYd vku d yf g&ef zdwaf c:ygonf/ þokdYjzifh uRefawmfwkdYonf ausmif;vTwf ylaZmfyJGBuD;wGi f yg0ifqif EJTavhvmcGihf &&SMd u&ef uav;NrdKUESihf (83)rkid frQ uGma0;aom tdE, ´d e,fpyf a'orS uabmfcsKdifh0Sr;f \ NrdKUawmfjzpfonfh ]wrl NrdKU}okdY oGm;a&mufcJhMuygonf/ ]uabmf}qko d nfrmS uonf;bmompum;
t& ]&Sr;f vlrsKd;wkdY aexkid f&ma'o}[k t"dyÜg,f& aMumif; od&onf/ ]wrl;}qkdonfrSmu ]vufckyf wD;í BudKqkjd cif;}[k t"dyÜg,f&aom ]uGyrf SL;}qkd onfh &Srf;bmompum;rSqif;oufvmcJhjcif;jzpf onf[k qkdMuonf/ wrl;NrdKUukd 1163-ck? waygif; vqef; (10)&ufaeY? bk;d awmfbk&m; A'Hkrif;vuf xufwiG f wnfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ wrl;NrdKUonf tdE´d,Ekdiif H? rPdyl&jynfe,f? rkda&;ESihf e,ferdw?f pnf;½dk;rsOf;yg;yg;av;rQom jcm;ygonf/ wrl;NrdKU onf jref rmESifhtdE´d,wkYd \ ukefpnfzvS,&f m? ,Ofaus;rIcsi;f aygif;ul;,SuEf , G &f m tcsuftjcmus aom e,fpyfaygif;ul;wHcg;0wGif wnf&Sdaeonf/ uRefawmfwkYt d zGJUonf uav;Nrd KUrS aeY vnfyikd f;wGif xGufcmG aom ]xGe;f awmuf}armfawmf ,mOfESifhvu dk fygvmcJMh u&m naeykid f;wGif wrl;NrdKUokdY a&muf&MSd uonf/wrl;um;*dwo f kYd qkdufa&mufaom tcg oH;k bD;qkdiu f ,fud k pD;eif;í NrdKUra&Tusiaf usmif; wku d fBuD;okdY c&D;qufMu&jyefonf/
éí
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
uRefawmfwkYt d zGJU NrdKUrausmif;wkduft0if oufawmf(50)rQyif rjynfhao;ygacs/ rkcfOD;okdY a&muf&Sdaomtcg opfviG fvSy? BuD;rm; xnf0gvSonfh omoemAdrmefawmfBuD;ukd jrifawGU Ò®¼ÕÇ®¯ú³¿©³ºÄ ±³±»³¶§Õ½úÜå vkduMf uonf/jrefrmhAdokuma&S;rvuf&m tajymuf q&mawmf OD;rmedwod&Donf ppfukdif; trTef;rsm;ESi f h wefqmqif um vSycrf;em;pGm wkdif;? 0ufvufNrdKUe,f? rif;ukef;&GmZmwdjzpfNyD;? aqmufvkyx f m;onfh acwfrDtkwaf usmif;awmfBuD; OD;ouf&Sn+f a':aomif;&SifwrdYk S 1317-ckESp?f awmf jzpfayonf/ omoemh&dyfomxJokdY 0ifa&mufvdu k f ovif;vqef; (13)&uf? Mumoyaw;aeYwiG f zGm; aomtcg jrefrmhAdokumvuf&mrGerf sm;jzifh crf;em; jrifawmfrcl jJh cif;jzpfonf/oufawmf(49)ESp?f 0gawmf wifhw,fpmG aqmufvkyx f m;aom ZrÁLod&Domoemh (29)0grQom &Syd gao;onf/q&mawmf\ oufawmf AdrmefawmfBuD;tm; vma&mufMunfh½IavhvmaeMu 0gawmfESifh omoemawmftay:xm;&Sd BudK;yrf;ae aom wpfzufEkd ifiHrS uonf;vlrsKd;rdom;pkrsm;ukd aom aqmif&u G fcsuf? &nf&, G fcsufwYu dk kd EIdi;f q vnf; awGUMu&onf/ MunfhygvQif rsm;pGmtHhMoMunfnKd zG,fawGUjrif&ay q&mjrqifhcs,fu ZrÁLod&DomoemhAdrmef onf/ awmfBuD;ukjd yo&if; ausmif;vTwyf laZmfyu GJ si;f yrnfh NrdKUrausmif;q&mawmftm; zl;awGU&onf omoedu AdrmefawmfBuD;jzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyygonf/ rSm pdwcf srf;ajrhzG,af umif;vSonf/ q&mawmfwiG f uRefawmfwkYd a&muf&do S mG ;aomtcg NrdKUromoem [dw[ f ef? rmefrmer&Sd/ yuwd½k;d om;azmfa&Gaom &dyfomtwGif;wGif &yfa0;&yfeD;rS yifhzdwx f m;aom toGirf Sm ay:vGiv f su&f daS eayonf/ q&mawmf\ oHCmawmf rsm; {nf hy&d owfrsm;ESifh tawmfyif rsufESmawmfay:wGif ½dk;om;rI? rdrdukd,u f kd edrfhcs pnfum;vQuf&daS eNyDjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkYo d nf wwfrI?oabmxm;jynfh0rI? onf;cHwwfrI? arwåm ypön;f ypö,rsm;ukd ae&mcsxm;MuNyD; NrdKUra&Tusif pdwu f d k tNrJESvk;H oGi;f aerI? omoemawmftay: wGif ausmif;wkdufBuD;\ y"me?em,uq&mawmf BuD; pGJNrJpmG ,HkMunfjrwfEkd;rIponfh olawmfaumif; OD;rmedwod&Dtm; uefawmhEIwq f uf&ef oGm;a&muf vu©Pmrsm;ukd zl;awGU&ayonf/ Muygonf/ q&mawmftm; zl;awGUcGih&f vku d faom q&mawmfonf 1346-ckESp?f 0gqkv d jynfh tcg tHhMooGm;rdygawmhonf/ uRefawmfhpw d x f w J iG f aeYwiG f rEÅav;NrdKU? r[m0dok'¨g½Hkwdu k o f pf? a&Tusif rSe;f qxifjrifxm;cJhonfrSm þtdE´d,e,fpyf \ edum,A[kd&fXme? t*¾r[my@dw tbd"Zr[m bmoma&;? ,Ofaus;rItcsuftjcmusonfh wrl; &|*k½k? wGJbufa&Tusio f moemykdi?f ykdufusKH;q&m NrdKUBuD;wGif xl;cRefxufjrufpmG omoemjyKawmfrl awmfbk&m;BuD;\ wm0efay;apvTwrf It&? tdE´d, aeonfhwdik f; oHCmh0efaqmifq&mawmfjzpfí ouf e,fpyfa'o? wrl;NrdKUokdY omoemjyK&ef
éì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
&Gufrnf}}[k oEéd|mefjyKum wynfhoHCm(10)yg; wkdYESifhtwl
apwDykxd;k rsm; omoedutaqmuftOD;rsm; wkd; wufzHUG NzdK;ap&efvnf; pGrf;aqmifBuKd;yrf;vQuf&Sd aMumif; awGUjrif&ayonf/ NrdKUrausmif;wkdufqikd f&m? omoemhe,fajr twGif;&Sd r[mod&Dxyd frkd;qkawmif;jynfah pwDawmf? &wemha&T*lapwD? bk&m;av;qlapwDawmf? "mwf aygif;pkapwDawmfBuD;wkdYESifh r*FvmuefawmfBuD;? ewfa&wGi;f awmfBuD; ponfwkYu d kd jyefvnfrrG f;rH jyifqifjcif;? a&TxD;a&TouFe;f awmfrsm; uyfvSLyl aZmfjcif;? abZerOÆ&Dausmif;BuD;? omoemh0'¨ed odrfawmfBuD;? a&S;a[mif;odrfawmfBuD; od&De0d go ausmif ;? od&Dr*Fvmpmoif wkdufausmif ;? bke;f awmf BuD;oifynma&;ausmif;ponfh omoedu taqmuftOD;rsm;ukd topfaqmufvkyjf cif;? jyK jyifwd;k csJUwnfaqmufjcif;rsm;ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif &GufvQuf&do S nf/ wrl;Nrd KUr? a&Tusifausmif ;wku d f BuD;\ y"meem,uq&mawmf OD;rmedwod&D\ txljcm; qHk;? aqmif&u G fcsufwpfckrSm tdE´d,-jrefrme,fpyf a'o? wrl;NrdKUolNrdKUom;? e,fole,fom;rsm;t wGuo f mru jrefrmEkid if Hom;wkdi;f twGuyf g *kP, f l 0ih
éê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wrl;NrdKU\ usufoa&aqmif? omoemhArd mefawmf BuD;tjzpf cefYcefYxnfxnf? 0ifh
a'o? wrl;NrdKUwGif jrefrmrItEkvuf&mrGefrsm;jzifh acwfrDpmG aqmufvkyx f m;aom ZrÁLod&Domoemh AdrmefawmfBuD; ay:xGe;f vmjcif;onf Ak'¨bmom0if jrefrmEkdifiHol? Ekid fiHom;wkdYtwGuf *kP, f l0ifh
°°º¿¾å°°ºùк¬Ò§åÜ ®Í Ò®Õ¼ Ç®¿«-³·ºå±³±»³½úÜå 'kw, d urÇmppftwGif;wGif a&S;,cifu wnf&SdcJhaom bke;f awmfBuD;ausmif;wkdufBuD;rSm ppfab;ppf'PfaMumifh ysufp;D um avSum;tkwcf rHk Q om
éé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
xm;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/ "mwfaygif;pkapwDawmfBuD;tm; ouú&mZf 1346-ckEpS ?f 0gqkv d wGif NrdKUrausmif;wkduq f &mawmf omoemh"Z? od&Dy0&? "r®mp&d,? rZösrd edum,? ygVdyg&*l wdy#d uygVdjrefrm tbd"mefusr;f jyK? r[m *E¦0gpu? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dwbGJU wHqyd fawmf& OD;0dpdEÅm0Ho\ Mo0g'ukcd H,u l m apwDawmfBuD;tm; 'kw, d tBudrjf yKjyifjcif;? t&HapwDESihf jcaoFh½kyw f k rsm;ukd jznfhpGuw f nfxm;jcif;ukd jyKvkycf JhMuonf/ "mwfaygif;pkapwDawmf[k bGUJrnfwiG cf hjJcif;rSm 'kw, d urÇmppftwGif;u ysufp;D ,dk,iG ;f oGm;cJhonfh a&S; a[mif;apwDykxkrd sm;rS "mwfawmf? arGawmfrsm;? qif;wk½yk fyGm;awmfrsm;ukd pk aygif;xnfo h Gi;f Xmyemí wnfxm;chJjcif;aMumifhjzpf ayonf/ NrdKUrausmif;wkdufBuD;twGif;&Sd omoemh 0'¨eo d drfawmfBuD;ukdrl ouú&mZf(1342)ckESpf? wef aqmifrke;f vjynfah eYrSpwifí NrdKUrausmif;q&mawmf OD;a&0wvufxufwiG f wnfxm;cJjh cif;jzpfayonf/ NrdKUromoemhe,fajrtwGi;f &Sd &SpfrsufESm apwDawmfukd 1329-ckESpf? wefcl;vwGif NrdKUr ausmif;q&mawmf OD;£E´m0&rS BuD;rSL;í a&S;a[mif; apwDawmfukd jyefvnfjyKjyifcJhavonf/ wrl;NrdKUrausmif;wkduf\ q|rajrmuf? y"me em,uq&mawmfjzpfaom OD;rmedwod&D vufxufwiG rf l ausmif;wkdufBuD;\ wkd;wufzHUG NzdK; rIrSm tHhrcef;zG,f&m &SdcJhygonf/
»ôº°§º¿ù±®Í Æ®_Ô±¼úÜ¿«-³·ºåªÌ©º §´¿Æ³º§± ÙÖ ¾·º tdE, ´d e,fpyfa'o? wrl;NrdKU? NrdKUra&Tusif ausmif;wkduftwGif;wGif aqmufvkyv f SL'gef;cJhMu onfh ZrÁLod&DomoemhAdrmefawmfBuD; ausmif;vTwf ylaZmfyJBG uD;ukd ouú&mZf(1366)ckESpf? waygif;v qef; (15)&ufaeYwiG f txl;pnfum;okdufNrdKufpGm usif;yjyKvkyfEkdifcJhMuonf/ ZrÁLod&DomoemhAdrmef
éè
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ausmf "r®uxdu? A[kZe[dw"&? jzL;q&mawmf OD;e&ywdwkd Yu ed AÁmef a&muf aMumif ; w&m;rsm; a[mMum;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;vTwfylaZmfyJo G bifwiG f rEÅav; NrdKU? r[m0dok'¨g½Hkwkdufopf? pnf&Sify"meem,u d0Ho(t*¾r[my@dw? q&mawmf wdyd#u"& Mo0g'gp&d,)q&mawmft&Sijf rwfBuD; rS a&pufcsw&m;rsm; a[mMum;csD;jrSihaf wmfrlcJhyg onf/ e,fole,fom; tvSL&Sifrsm;u omoemh AdrmefawmfBuD;atmifyJt G jzpf
©®´åÒ®¼ÕÇ® ±³±»³ÛÍ·º¸¿ù±½Ø©¸µÄ ¼ ±ùx¹ awmfBuD;ausmif;vTwfylaZmfyGJobifokdY jrefrmEkdifiH t&yf&yfrS? q&mawmf? oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfBuD; rsm; yifhzdwaf wmfrlcJhygonf/ yifhzdwo f HCmawmf (140)ausmf tm; toGm;tjyef p &d wf N id r f ;uscH vSL'gef;yifhzdwcf Jhjcif; jzpfayonf/ ausmif ; vTw f y la Zmf y GJ " r®o bif t jzpf waygif;vqef; (10)&ufaeYnrS pwifí &efukeNf rdKU? atmifajr&wemq&mawmf OD;Omeao|("r®mp&d,)? rif;uGef;azmifawmfoDq&mawmf OD;eE´drm"dywd (O bawm0db*F"&? "r®mp&d,? *E¦0gpu y@dw)? ppfukdif;atmifajrbkHpHausmif;? q&mawmf OD;pE´ aZmwd("r®mp&d,)? jyifOD;vGicf srf;ajrh&dyfomausmif; q&mawmf OD;ynmeE´(o.p.t-"r®mp&d,? ur® |memp&d,)? arSmb f Dcsrf;ajrh&yd fomausmif;? q&m awmf OD;0go0(ur®|memp&d,? "r®mp&d,)ESihf Ekid if H
,cktcg wrl;NrdKU? NrdKUra&Tusifausmif;wku d f wGif omraP(52)yg;? &[ef;(17)yg;wkYd oDwif;oH;k um e,fpyfa'o? omoemawmfjyKpk? wnfwefY? jyefYymG ;a&;twGuf q&mawmfOD;rmedwod&DrS OD; aqmifem,ujyKí BudK;yrf;vQuf&adS eonf/ e,fpyf a'oomoemxGef;um; jyefYyGm;a&;twGuf a'ocH Ak'¨bmom0if wrl;NrdKUolNrdKUom;\ pGrf;aqmifrIrSm vnf; tm;&ause,fz, G fawGUjrifcJh&ygonf/ NrdKUr a&Tusifausmif;wkdufBuD; zGHYNzdK;wkd; wufa&;twGuf a*gyutzGu JY kd zGJUpnf;í omoemh wm0efrsm;tm; 0kid f;0ef;aqmif&u G faeMuonfh enf; wl trsKd;orD;a,m*Da0,sm0pötzGJUrsm;ukd zGJUpnf; um ausmif;wku d f\ a0,sm0pöqrG ;f uGr;f udpörsm;ukd aeYpOfaqmif&u G v f su&f adS eMuayonf/ a': 0if;wif? a':cifpef;&D? a':cifjrifh? a':0if;pde?f a':wifwifESifh a':wifa&TwdkY OD;aqmifonfh a,m*D a0,sm0pötzGUJ rsm;wGif tzGUJ 0iftrsK;d orD;(20)cefYpD &SMd uNyD; ausmif;
éç
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wkdufaeoHCmawmfrsm;? tm*EÅK oHCmawmfrsm;\ qGrf;uGrf;a0,sm0pörsm;ukd aeYpOf aqmif&u G fom oemjyKvsu&f aSd eMuonf/ wrl;NrdKUr ausmif; trsKd; orD;a,m*Da0,sm0pötzGJUrsm;\ xl;jcm;csufrSm edAÁmefaps;yGJrsm;a&mif;csí tvSLawmfaiGrsm; &SmazG Muum oHCmawmfrsm;twGuf edpöbwfqrG ;f ESifh qGr;f [if;cJb, G af bmZOfwu Ydk kd tzGUJvu dk ?f tvSnu hf s quf uyfv SL'gef ;vsuf &S d a eMujcif ;jzpf o nf / Nrd KUr ausmif;wkduf? trsKd;orD;a,m*Da0,sm0pötzGJUrsm; xJwiG f ausmif;q&mrBuD;rsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;? aps;onf ukeo f nfrsm;? t&yfoltrsKd;orD;rsm; vlwef;pm; rsKd;pHk? vlrsKd;aygif;pHk? touft&G,t f pHk yg0ifMu onf/ e,fpyfa'o omoemawmftusK;d twGuf wrl;NrdKUrS trsKd;orD;a,m*D a0,sm0pötzGJUrsm;\ BudK;yrf;pGrf;aqmifaerIESihf o'¨gw&m;? 0D&d,w&m; wkYrd Sm cs;D usL;*kP, f zl , G f tm;usav;pm;zG,f aumif; vSygonf/ NrdKUra&Tusifausmif;wkduf? y"meem,u q&mawmfrSm a&SUwef;wyfOD;rS e,fpyfomoem awmftusKd;ukd pGrf;aqmif BudK;yrf;aebdouJhokdY? aemufwef;cHppfukd vHkNcHKatmif xde;f odr;f pDrHae onfh yk*dK¾ vfrSm abmZerOÃÆ&DqGr;f pm;ausmif; q&m awmf OD ;£ó&d , jzpf y gonf / OD ; £ó&d , onf pnf;urf;pepfuse aumif;rGefpGmjzifh ausmif;wkduf oHCmawmfrsm;? tm*E¨K&[ef;oHCmrsm;? vl{nfh onfy&dowfrsm;\ qGr;f uGr;f a0,sm0pöupd örsm;ukd aeYpOf rvpf[if;? rñId;EGr;f &atmif pDrHcefYcBGJ udK;yrf; vQuf&SdaeonfrSm csD;usL;zG,yf ifjzpfayonf/
©®´åÒ®¼ÕÇ®¿«-³·ºå¯ú³¿©³ºÄ c¼µå°·ºå±²º¸ Ó±ð¹ù«¨³ uRefawmfwkYo d nf rBuHKpzl;? xl;jcm;vS onfh e,fpyfa'o? wrl;NrdKUrS ausmif;vTwfylaZmf yGJobifBuD;tm; yg0ifqifENTJ yD;aemuf?rdrw d \ Ydk ae&yf XmeokYd jyefMu&ef q&mawmfOD;rmedwod&Dxo H Ykd oGm;
a&muf*g0&jyK EIwq f ufuefawmhMuygonf/ q&m awmfu tzkd;xku d w f efvSonfh ½dk;pif;aom Mo0g' pum;rsm; rdeYMf um;csD;jrSifhawmfrlygonf/ - pdwx f m;ajzmifhrSe?f onf;onf;cH? onf;cHarwåmxm;/ - ajymNyD;a&SUwGif? owd,OS f? qifjcifÚmPf a&SUoGm;/ - vHkYvESihZf JG? ravsmhbJ? tNrJwif;wif; xm;/ - tae½dk;om;? todÚmPfqef;jym;ap/ - *kPfaemufokdY vlrvku d fESifh/ vlaemuf okdYyJ *kPfvkd ufygap/ - t&m&mrSm ½dk;om;pGm? vHkYvjyKí BudK;pm;yg/ [líjzpfygonf/ q&mawmf\ Mo0g'rSm ½dk;½dk;av; ESifh rsm;pGmwefbd;k &Sdygonf/ q&mawmfonf tae txkdif ½dk;om;odraf rGUouJhodYk pum;ajymqk&d mwGif vnf; ½dk;½dk;ajzmifah jzmifEh Sifh nifnifomomyif ajym qkdavh&o Sd nf/ rnfonfhtcgrQ a'gooHryg/ q&m awmfonf taetxkdif½dk;om;at;aq;aomfvnf; omoemawmf\ wm0efukd xrf;&Guf&mwGif rrSdwf rokef &J&J00Hh Hh BudK;yrf;aqmif&u G favh&ySd gonf/ rdr\ d Mo0g'ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ usihfBuHtm;xkwfonfh yk*¾dKvf[k qkdEkdifygonf/ e,fpyfa'owGif omoemhtvif;a&mif xGef;ñSdaeonfh wrl;NrdKUr a&Tusifausmif;wkduf q&mawmf\ ZGJvHkYv? 0D&, d ? apwemwkYd onf MunfnKd zG,jf zpfygonf/q&mawmf\ e,fpyfa'o? omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm; qxufxrf;ykd;? wkd;wuf atmifjrifygap[k qE´jyK&if; ½dkaoMunfnKd pGm OD;cs uefawmhvdu k rf yd gawmhonf/ eE´mrif;vGif
èð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
tjrpf? a&aomufjrpf ? y"me w&m;}}[k t"dyÜg,f&ygonf/ESpf jzmqko d nfrSm ]]ESpyf g;? ESpcf k}}jzpf ygonf/ okdYtwGufaMumifh rlv ESpjf zmqko d nfrSm oHo&mukd vnf apwwfaom ]]t&if;tjrpf?y"me w&m;ESpfyg;}}[k qkdEkdifygonf/ xkw d &m;ESpyf g;rSm ]]t0dZmÆ ESihf w PSm}}yif jzpfygonf/ y#dpöorkygÜ 'foHo&mb0 pufü a&SUykdif; y#dpöorkyÜg'foHo &m b0pufESihf aemufyikd f; y#dpö orkyÜg'foHo&mb0puf[lí ESpf jcrf;cGjJ crf;Ekid yf gonf/rk;d ukwq f &m
§ý¼°*±®µ§D¹ùº ®´ªÛÍ°º¶¦³ r0&ax&D
Þòß øÛ½±ò÷ô Óòß ø×÷ øÞòܸò÷ y#dpö orkyÜg'f w&m; onf Ak'¨omoemawmfü ta&; BuD;aom tykid ;f u@wpfcktjzpf jzifh yg0ifvsu&f ydS gonf/ tb,fh aMumifhqkad omf 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwaf omyk*dK¾ vfwo Ykd nf ypö, y&d*¾[ÚmPftqif hokdY a&muf aomtcg ,if;y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; ukd tusO;f tm;jzifhjzpfap?tus,f tm;jzifhjzpfap? xkdufonfhtm; avsmfpmG rkcsodtyfaomaMumifh yif jzpfygonf/ xkYad Mumifh jrwf
pGmbk&m;onf þy#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;awmfukd tBudrw f pf&mru rsm;pGmyif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhyg onf/ þuJhokdY a[mMum;&m wGif y#dpöorkyÜg'fü rlvw&m;ESpf yg;&SdaMumif;ukv d nf; a[mMum; awmfrlcJhygonf/ þonfukdyif aus;Zl;awmf &Sif rkd;ukwfq&m awmfbk &m;BuD;u vuFmwGif ]]rlvESpjf zm}}[k a&;pyfawmfrlcJh ygonf/ rlvqko d nfrSm ]]t&if;
èï
awmfbk&m;BuD;\ y#dpöorkyÜg'f puf0ikd f;a'oemESihf ,SOw f JMG unfh vQif t0dZÆmrS a0'emtxd udk a&SUyikd ;f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foo H &mb0puf? a0'emrS Z&m?r&Pxdukd aemuf ykdi;f y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foo H &mb0puf [k cGJjcrf;od&SdEkdifygonf/ t0dZmÆ w&m;onf t0dZmÆ ocFg&[laom twdwjf zpfaom taMumif; (1)tuGurf S 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0 'em[laom (2)tuGuf ypöKyÜef
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
tusK;d 0dygufukd jzpfapwwfaom aMumifh a&S;tzkY(d twdw)f t&if; rlv y"mew&m;rnf\/ twdwf twGuf tpjzpf\/ wPSmw&m;onf wPSm? Oyg'gef? ur®b0[laom ypöKyÜef taMumif; (3)tuGurf S Zmwd? Z&m r&P[laom (4)tuGuf tem*wftusK;d 0dygufukd jzpfap wwf a omaMumif h aemuf tzk dY (tem*wf)t&if;rlv y"mew&m; rnf\/ tem*wftwGuf tp jzpf\/ t0d ZÆm\oabmonf y&rw¬w&m;wkdY\ rSeu f efaom oabmobm0ukd rodrjrifatmif zHk;uG,fxm;aom oabm&Sd\/ t0dZÆm zHk;uG,fxm;aomw&m; (8)yg;&Sd\/ þ(8)yg;um;1/ 'ku©opöm\ qif;&J jcif;trSefukd rodrjrifatmif zHk; uG,x f m;rI? 2/ ork',opö m \ qif;&JaMumif; trSew f &m;ukd rodrjrifatmif zHk;uG,fxm;rI? 3/ eda&m"opöm\ 'ku© cyfodrf;csKyfNidrf;&mtrSefukd rod rjrifatmif zHk;uG,fxm;rI? 4/ r*¾opöm\ r*¾if(8) yg; tusirfh Sew f &m;ukd rodrjrif atmif zHk;uG,fxm;rI? 5/ y#d p ö o rk y Ü g'f \ oHo&ma&S;tzku dY kd rodrjrifatmif zHk;uG,x f m;rI? 6/ y#d p ö o rk y Ü g'f \
oHo&maemuftzkYu d kd rodrjrif atmif zHk;uG,fxm;rI? 7/ y#d p ö o rk y Üg 'f \ oHo&m a&S;tzkdY? aemuftzkYd ESpfyg;pHkukd zHk;uG,fxm;rI? 8/ y#d p ö o rk y Ü g'f \ vnf ywfyk?H csKyfjywfykw H &m;wkYu d dk rod rjrifatmif zHk;uG,x f m;rIponfwYkd jzpfygonf/ þuJhoYkd trSew f &m;ukd rodrjrifatmif zHk;uG,x f m;wwf aom oabmaMumifh t0d ZÆm ude;f 0yfaeaom yk*K¾d vfw\ Ydk oEÅmef ü tm½HkwkdYESifh awGUxdaomtcg (zó)\oabmukd rod&b d S J twå (ig)u awGUxdonf[k rSm;rSm; ,Gif;,Gif; ESvkH;oGif;\/ ½kyf?emrf ESpfyg;? cE¨m(5)yg;? 'ku©opömukd yif ighom;? ighorD;? ighZeD;? igh cifyeG f;? ihgtaz? ightar? igh ypön;f ? ighOpöm[k ouúm,'d|djzifh pGJ,x l m;Mu\/ wPSm\ oabmonf tm½HkwYüdk ESpfoufwwf\/ jrwf Ekd;wwf\? wG,w f mwwf\? cif rifwwf\/ xkaYd Mumifh t0dZÃÆmzH;k uG,x f m;ojzifh rSm;,Gif;pGm ESv;kH oGif;cJhaom om;orD;?ZeD;?cifyGe;f ? ypön;f OpömwkYt d ay:ü wPSmjzifh cifrifMu\/ wG,w f mMu\?om ,mMu\/ ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdYo k nf aeYpOfaeYwdik f; t0dZmÆ w&m;u zH;k NyD; wPSmjzifh NyHK;aysmfaeMu\/ (t0dZmÆ ypö,mocFg&m) [k y#dpöorkyÜg'f tEkvkyH gVdvm&Sd
èî
onfESifhtnD rodrIt0d ZÆmjzpf vQif xif&mvkyfonfh ocFg&jzpf \/ ocFg&taMumif;w&m;jzpf vQif (2)tuGufü 0dnmPf?emrf ½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em [laom vlYcE¨m? ewfcE¨m?tyg,f (4)yg;cE¨mtp&So d jzifh cE¨mtrsKd; rsKd; ('ku©opöm)tusKd;w&m;udk & &Sad wmh\/ wpfzef cE¨m(5)yg;\ 'ku©opöm-qif;&Jjcif;trSew f &m; ukd rodrjrifjcif;aMumifh cHpm;rI a0'em (3)rsK;d aemufu vkdcsif wyfrufrI wPSmvku d jf yef\/(okc a0'em) aumif;aomcHpm;rIukd cHpm;&vQif aemuf xyfcHpm;vkd onfh wPSmvm\/('ku©a0'em) raumif;aom cHpm;rIudk cHpm;& vQif þ'ku©a0'emrS jrefjref aysmufcsifonfh wPSmvm\/ (Oayu©ma0'em)aumif;raumif; wkY\ d Mum;jzpfaom tv,ft vwfukd cHpm;&vQif þuhJodkY oabmav;ukdyif aemufxyf cHpm;csifonfh wPSmvmjyef\/ xkYad Mumifh a0'emay: wkid f; 0dyóemÚmPfjzifh (jzpf? ysuf)w&m;ukd r½IrSwfEdkiv f Qif wPSmwk dYu vku d f ygNrJjzpf\/ wPSmjzpfvQif (wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH)[k ygVdvm&So d nfhtwkid f; pGJvrf;onfh Oyg'gef? tm;xkwf onfh ur®b0wkYd (3)tuGuüf jzpfNyD;? aemiftem*wf (4)t uGufü Zmwd-y#doaE¨ae&jcif;?
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
·¹å¶¦³¬³cص «³®öµÐº©µ¼Ç ¬¿§æ$ ®-³å®-³å©Ùôº©³©©º¿±³ ©ÐͳúͼªÏ·º ®-³å®-³å§´§»ºúÄñ ®-³å®-³åÛͼ§º°«º½ØúÄñ »²ºå»²ºå©Ùôº©³©©ºªÏ·º »²ºå»²ºå §´§»ºúÄñ »²ºå»²ºåÛͼ§º°«º ½ØúÄñ
Z&m-tkd&jcif;? r&P-ao&jcif;? aomu-pkd;&drf&jcif;? y#da'0ikad
èí
vnfvdu k jf zifh y#dpöorkygÜ 'fw&m; wkYo d nf rem;w&pyf? qufum qufumjzifh wpfoHo&mvHk;u vnfywfcJh\/ þonfyif b0 oHo&m[k wifpm;ac:a0:Muyg onf/ t0dZmÆ ESihw f PSm t&if; cHí y#dpöorkyÜg'fvnfomG ;yHkukd om"uxkwjf yygrnf/arm&Zmwf? Oa'gif;rif ;0w¬KwGif bk&m;t avmif ; a&TO a'gif ;BuD;onf eHeufaexGucf sdef tdyw f ef;rSqif; aomtcgwGif ]]Oa'w,H pu©Krm {u&mZm}}[laom *gxmuk d &GwfqkdNyD; qif;avh&d\ S / nae tdyw f ef;wufaomtcgwGifvnf; ]]tayw,H pu©Krm {u&mZm}} [laom *gxmuk d &Gwq f kd NyD; wufavh&\ dS / xkaYd Mumifh ESpaf ygif;(700) ywfvk;H rkqkd;BuD;onf ausmhuiG ;f aygif;rsm;pGmESihf axmifzrf;aomf vnf; rrdEkdifcJhacs/ wpfaeYaom tcgwGif rkqkd;BuD;onf a'gif;r av;wpfaumifukd zrf;,lomG ;um eHeufapmapmü ausmhuiG ;f rsm; toifhaxmifxm;NyD;vQif a'gif;r av;ukd jrnfweG fap\/ a'gif;r av;\toHukd Mum;&aomtcg a&TOa'gif;BuD;onf tcgwkdif; uJhokdY y&dw*f gxmukd &Gwfqk&d ef owdarhavsmhomG ;NyD; tdyfwef;rS uysmu,mjzifq h if;Ny;D a'gif;rav; &S&d mokYd yHsomG ;vku d faomtcg rkqkd; BuD;\ ausmu h Gi;f ü rdomG ;cJah v\/
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
©ÐÍ³Ä ±¿¾³±²º ¬³cص©µ¼Ç$ÛÍ°º±«º©©ºÄñ ¶®©ºÛµ¼å©©ºÄá ©Ùôº©³©©ºÄá ½·º®·º©©ºÄñ ¨µ¼Ç¿Ó«³·º¸ ¬ð¼ÆZ³¦Øµå «Ùôº¨³å±¶¦·º¸ ò ò ò ò þom"uukdMunfv h Qif a&TOa'gif;BuD;\ em;tMunf½kyf ESifh a'gif;rav;\ toH½kyw f dkY ESpfyg;wkduo f jzifh a&TOa'gif;BuD; \ em;ü Mum;pdwaf y:aygufvm jcif;omjzpfygonf/ okYad omf ½kyf w&m;ESpfyg;wkdufí (emrfw&m;) Mum;pd wfay:onf[k rodjrif atmif t0dZmÆ u zHk;xm;vkdu\ f / xkYad Mumifh a&TOa'gif;BuD;onf ]ig}Mum;onf[k rSm;,Gi;f pGm ESv;kH oGif;rd\/ twku d f"mwf? toH½kyf tay:üvnf; a'gif;rav;\toH [k txifrSm;cJh\/ xkYad Mumifh a'gif;rav;\toHay:ü wPSm jzifh om,mrd\/ wPSmjzpfay: vmaomtcg pGJvrf;aom Oyg'gef jzpfay:vm\/ Oyg'gefjzpfay:vm aomtcg a'gif;rav;xHoYkd xysH oGm;onfh ]um,uH}ur®b0? EIwrf Svnf; toHay;onfh ]0pD uH}ur®b0? pdwx f JrS a'gif;r
av;ESihaf wGU&ef BuHpnfonfh ]r aemuH} ur®b0? þuH(3)yg; jynfah jrmufatmif tm;xkwfvdu k f onfhtwGuf y#dpöorkyÜg'ftpOf wef;BuD; vnfoGm;um rkqk;d BuD; \ ausmhuiG ;f ü rdcJh&av\/ xkt Yd wlyif ykxZk Ofyk*K¾d vf wkdYonf t0dZmÆ \ zHk;uG,x f m;rI aMumifh jrifjcif;?Mum;jcif;? eHjcif;? pm;jcif;? awGUxjd cif;? BuHawG;jcif; tm½HkwkdYü ig? olwpfyg;[k rSm; ,Gif;pGmESvHk;oGif;um wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD;?wpfa,mufEiS w fh pfa,muf rcGJEkdi?f rcGmEkdif? rjrif&raeEkid f? rMum;&raeEkid f?a0;a0;okYd roGm; Ekid fatmifyif wPSmausmhuiG ;f ü rdaeMuav\/ rdrdykdifqdik fxm; aom wkdufwm? td;k tdrf?pnf;pdrf wkt dY ay:üvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpf \/ rdom;pkausmhuiG ;f r&Sdaom yk*K¾d vfrsm;uvnf; vlrIa&;?pD;yGm; a&;? ynma&;? ½ky&f Sif? AD'G D,dk? w,fvAD ;D &Si;f ? tNidrfh? Zmwf? um &mtkad upojzifh ausmu h iG ;f trsKd; rsKd;ü rdaeMuav\/ þt0dZmÆ ?wPSmw&m; wkdYonf oHa,mZOf(10)yg;wGif yg0if\/ oHa,mZOfwpfyg;yg;&Sd aomolonf xdyfwHk;cwfcH&ol? axmifusaomol? BudK;ESifhcsncf H xm;&olwYEdk iS hf wlaMumif;? wpfzef udavom(10)yg;wGiv f nf; yg0if aMumif;? udavomw&m;wkYo d nf owå0gwkYt d m; ylavmifapwwf? ESdyfpufwwfaMumif;ukd ]tbd"r®m
èì
oN*KØ[fusrf;}ü zGifhjyxm;\/ ig;jzmtm½Hkumr*kPfwdYk tay:ü rsm;rsm;wG,w f mwwf aom wPSm&Sv d Qif rsm;rsm;ylyef &\/ rsm;rsm;ESyd fpufcH&\/ enf; enf;wG,f wmwwf vQif enf ; enf; ylyef&\/ enf;enf;ESyd fpuf cH&\/ þylavmifrI? ESyd pf ufrI wkYrd S oufomcGifh&&Sdap&ef cE¨m? tm,we? "mwf? opöm? y#dpö orkygÜ 'f w&m;wkYt d ay:ü trSejf rif atmif BudK;pm;oifhvSayonf/ trSejf rifaeaomtcsdeo f nf wPSm vmcGifh r&&SdbJ at;csrf;rI&&Sd aom tcsdeu f av;yifjzpfygonf/ þuJhoYkd trSejf rifatmif ESvk;H oGif;&if;jzifh t0dZmÆ ? wPSm? rlvw&m;ESpfyg;wkdYukd wjznf; jznf;wGe;f vSeEf ikd fMuygap[k qE´ jyKvkdufygownf;/ r0&ax&D- Þòß øÛ½±ò÷ô
Óòß ø×÷ øÞòܸ÷
usrf;ukd; - 0dok'¨dr*f - tbd"r®moN*KØ[u f srf; - Zmwu0w¬K? arm&Zmwf - rkd;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;\ a[mpOfw&m;awmfrsm;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ôÓ©³ ¬úÍ·¬ º öb±³ú øßµùx±³±»³¸ð»º¿¯³·º÷ tanmif ; ajy vrf ; avQmuf&if; a&Ta&mifw0if;0if; ESifh avmueE´mapwDawmfBuD;ukd ta0;rSvSr;f jrif&í bk&m;ay: oGm;csifpdwaf y:vmojzifh vrf; avQmuf&if; bk&m;ukef;awmfay: a&mufomG ;um bk&m;*kPfawmf rsm;ukd tm½HkjyK&if; OD;csvdkufNyD; xkdifcgp&Sad o;]]t&Sifb&k m; aeaumif; yg&JUvm;bk&m;}} toHMum;í vSnhMf unfh vku d &f m &if;ESD;NyD;om; 'umrBuD; wpf a,muf yef ;pnf;ukd ifum
awGU&ojzifh ]]at;- aumif;ygw,f 'umrBuD;}} ]]wynfhawmfruawmh enf;enf;usef;rma&;u nHhaevkdY aA'ifoGm;ar;wm N*Kd[rf aumif; vkYq d kdvm; bk&m;/ tJ'g N*Kd[w f dik f rSm ,Mwmvkyf&r,fqkdvkYd bk&m; rSm ,Mwmvmvkyfwmygbk&m;}} ]]bk&m;rSmvmNy;D ukov dk f vk yf wmawmh aumif ;wmaygh 'umrBuD;/ 'gayr,fh N*Kd[fr aumif;vkdY vkyf&ygw,f qk&d if awmh aumif;wmvky&f if aumif;
èë
usK;d cHpm;&w,f/raumif;wmvkyf &if raumif;usKd; cHpm;&ygw,f qkd wJh ur®óuwmor®m'd | d awmif ysufpD;oGm;Ekid fw,f/ tJ'D N*dK[faumifawGqkdwm jA[®P0g' &JU pdwu f l;,Of½kyfwkawGyJ/ tck awmh bk&m;wnfwdik f; 'DN*dK[f aumifawGu ygvmawmh acwf tqufquf Ak'0¨ g'ukd wkdufcdu k f vmwJh jA[®P0g'[m Ak'¨bm omawG&JU txGwftjrwfae&m awGrSm atmifvpH u kd fxNl yD; atmif yGcJ aH ewmyJ/'gukd aA'ifq&mawGeYJ olwkdY&JUaemufvdu k fwynfhawGu
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
tvkdwt l vkdyg jA[®P0g'awGukd oGwo f Gi;f ay;aeMuwmyJ 'umr BuD;}} ]]tck wynf ha wmf r aA'ifoGm;ar;wm wu,fhemrnf ausmfMum;aewJh q&mawmfBuD; wpfyg;yg bk&m;/ ausmif;BuD;u vnf; [nf ;aewmyJ/ 'um? 'umrawGqkdvnf; *kPfoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;awG trsm;BuD; ukd;uG,af eMuwmygbk&m;}} ]]aMomf- 'umrBuD;u q&mawmfuvnf; emrnfBuD;? ausmif;uvnf;BuD;? emrnfBuD; yk*¾dKvfawGuyg uk;d uG,faeMu wmqkdawmh tckajymaewJh bke;f BuD;u tJ'Dvkd*kPyf k'af wGr&SdvdkY [kdyk*dK¾ vfajymwmyJ vkdufvkyyf g awmh r ,f qk d wJ h oabmvm; 'umrBuD;}} ]][m-tJ'Dvo dk abmrsK;d eJY ajymwmr[kwf&ygbl;bk&m;/ wynfhawmfr qkv d w kd mu tJ'Dvkd bkef ;BuD ;aewJh yk* ¾d Kvf a wGu wynfah wmfrwkv dY dk rodem;rvnf wJh olawGukd bmjzpfvdYk 'Dvkd ñTejf y&wmvJqw kd mukv d nf; tHMh o rdwmyg bk&m;}} ]]'umrBuD; uvnf; emrnfBuD;wm? ausmif;BuD;wm [m &[ef;awG&JU *kPyf k'fawG r[kwyf gbl;av/ Ak'y¨ nwfxm;wJh 0denf;awmfawGukd azmufzsufNyD; aA'ifa[m? aq;ukpwJh rdpäm tmZD0vkyfief;awGeJY emrnfb,f
avmufyJBuD;BuD;? ausmif;b,f avmufyJBuD;BuD;? 'um? 'umr awG b,favmufyJrsm;rsm;? tJ'D emrnfawG? ausmif;awG? 'um awGu tyg,fab;ukd rwm;Ekid f ygbl;av/ bke;f BuD;wkdY pmayxJ rSm uóybk& m; omoem aemufykdif;rSm &[ef;awGu tJ'D vkd r[kwfwmawGvkyMf uvkYd i&J awGus? Nydwmå awGjzpfeYJ trsm;BuD; awGU&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk yk*¾dKvfawGukd rS uk;d uG,q f nf;uyfygw,fqw kd hJ *kPfoa&&Sd vlBuD;vla umif ; awGyJqq kd kd acwfynmb,favmuf yJwwfwwf bmoma&; tod tjrifu tm;enf;awmh ukd,h&f JU uHprG f;? ÚmPfpGrf; 0D&d,pGrf;awG udk ypfy,fNyD; tacsmifjzpfcsif? &csiw f hJ avmbawG vTr;f rk;d vmvkYd 'Dvdrk [kww f hJ yk*dK¾ vfawGukd qnf; uyfrdMuwmaygh/ &[ef;oHCm awG&JU wu,fh*kPyf k'fawGqw kd m Ak'¨ynwfxm;wJh oDvodu©myk'f ukd xde;f odrf;?orm"d? ynmodu©m yk'fukd BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeMuwJh yk*dK¾ vfawGurS wu,fh*kPf&SdwJh yk*K¾d vfBuD;awG? av;pm;½dkaoxkduf wJh yk*dK¾ vfBuD;awGy/J Ak'¨vufxuf wke;f uvnf; &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfawG awmif awmausmif ;av;awG? opfyifatmufawG? vkdPfacgif; awGrSm oDwif;oHk;NyD; ½dk;½dk;ukyf ukyaf eMuwm/ 'gaMumifh ausmif; BuD;wkid ;f txifrBuD;zkYd q&mawmf Zeumbd 0Hou ]]'umwkdYu
èê
ausmif;aumif;BuD;awG MunfhNyD; awmh? [m ..'Dq&mawmf w,f bke;f BuD;w,fqkdNyD;? tr,fav; vuftyk frsm;csDrkd; &Scd ;kd ?ajcaxmuf rsm;zufNyD;awmhrsm; &Scd dk;vkY?d w,f bke;f BuD;wJh bke;f BuD;wJh/ bmvkyf wJhbkef;BuD;rSef;vnf; od wmr [kwfbJeJY/ olY[meJYol b,fhES,f vkyNf yD;awmh bke;f BuD;rSe;f rodb;l / bke;f BuD;w,fwJh/ bke;f BuD;wm rsm; oGm;NyD;txifrBuD;MuavESi/hf ody fr[kwf vSb l;/ [d kwkef;u bke;f rBuD;bl; 'Dvdyk aJ ew,f? 'Dvdk yJaew,f}}qkdNyD; rdeYq f kdxm;w,f 'umrBuD;}} ]]aemufqkd pdppfNyD; r oGm;oifhwJhausmif;udk roGm;rdzkdY BudK;pm;yghr,fbk&m;}} ]]rSm;rSef;od&if jyKjyif wwf&rSmayghav/ tJ'D aA'if q&mawG ckdi;f wmvku d fvyk af er,fh tpm; 'umrBuD;vnf; Ak'b ¨ mom wpfa,mufjzpfaeawmh Ak'¨enf; usus ,Mwmvky&f ifawmh aumif; r,fxifw,f 'umrBuD;}} ]]Ak'¨enf;us ,Mwm b,fvv kd ky&f r,fqkdwmvJ trdeYf &SdygOD;bk&m;}} ]]bke;f BuD; pmayxJrSm zwfrSw&f wmu qGr;f oHk;vkdY ypö 0u©Pmqifjcifwht J cg ],Mwmp ar b0dówd}wJh/ ,Mwmp= &Snf jrifhpGmaom umvywf vHk; wnfjcif;onfvnf;/ ar=ightm;? b0dówd=jzpfvwåHU vkYq d dak wmh
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
qGr;f oHk;wmvnf; ,Mwmvkyfwm yJ 'umrBuD;}} ]]wynfhawmfr em;vnf Ekd ifatmif tus,f &Si;f jyygOD; bk&m;}} ]]'gqkdvnf; em;axmif 'umrBuD;? ½kyu f kd t&Snw f nfwHh atmif axmufyx Hh m;wm uH? pdw?f Owk? tm[m&qkdNyD; taMumif; w&m;av;yg;&Sw d ,f/ tJ'DtxJu uHqw kd m tck'umrBuD; bk&m;rSm yef;vmvSLwJh ukokdvaf pwemukd uHv kd Ya c:w,f / tJ'Du ko kd v f apwemuH[mvnf; 'D½kyfBuD;ukd t&Snw f nfwHhatmif axmufyHh Ekd ifw,f/ pGef;vGef;q&mawmf bk&m;u bmtrd ef Y&Sd v Jqkd & if ]]owå0gwkid ;f rSm ukov dk u f H? tuk okdvu f H ESpfyg;&Sdw,f/ ukov kd f tusK;d ay;awmh ukd,t hf vkjd ynfh NyD; NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;ESiafh yghav/ tukokdvf tusK;d ay;awmh ½IHUrJh ½IHUrJhaewm aygh / Oyrma[h ..a[m[k d tem;rSm uefBuD;&Sdw,fr[kwf vm;/ (&Sdyg&JUbk&m;/) tJonf uefBuD;[m usKd;ae&ifaumif;ygh rvm;/ (raumif;ygbk&m;/)ayguf ae&ifa&m aumif;yghrvm;/ (r aumif;ygbk&m;/) tJonfawmh tJo nfuef BuD; usKd;aewmuk d q,fvdu k fprf;/ aygufaewmukd zmvkdufprf;/ (uefaumif;oGm; wmayghb&k m;/) owå0gwpfO;D wpf a,muf[m tuko dkvu f H zdpD; ESdyfpufvm&if uHusKd;wmeJY wl
w,f/ uHaygufwmeJY wlw,f/ tJonfawmh uHusKd;vQif uHq,f? uHaygufvQif uHzm? uHqifah wmh uHjrifhqo kd vkdaygh/ b,fvkrd sm; jyK&yghrvJqdyk gvQif y&dww f &m; emjcif;? bk&m;ukd;qluyfvLS jcif;? oJyHkapwDwnfjcif;?anmifaxmuf jcif;? wHwm;cif;jcif;?oHCmawmf rsm; qGrf;uyfvSLjcif;/tJonfvdk ukodv k af umif;rIrsm; jyKvkyaf wmh uHusKd;vQif uHq,f? uHayguf vQif uHzm? uHqifhawmh uHjrifh qkdovkdaygh/ tJonfvkd ,Hk,Hk Munf MunfeJY t[kwb f k&m;ukd vnf; tm;uk;d r,f/t[kww f &m; ukdvnf; tm;ukd;r,f/ t[kwf oHCmukv d nf; tm;ukd;r,fqkdyg vQif ukd;q,fhajcmufjzma&m*g a0'emrsm; uG,w f wfw,f/aysmuf uif ;wwf w,f / pnf ;pdrfOpöm vnf; wk;d wufygw,f}}wJ/h uJ.. 'umrBuD;? tckq&mawmfñeT f Mum;xm;wmuawmh ur®óu wm or®m'd|dt,lukd rSeu f efap NyD;awmh o&P*HkoHk;yg;ukv d nf; ykdNyD;ckdifrmapw,f/ aA'ifq&m ñTeMf um;wJhtwkid f; N*dK[fraumif; vkdYygqkd&ifawmh ur®óuwm or®m'd|u d kdyg ysufapNyD; o&P *Hkawmif npf ErG f;oGm;Ekdifw,f 'umrBuD;}} ]]rSeyf ghbk&m;}} ]]at; ..pdwu f dkvnf; aumif;atmifxm;rS ½kyfawGMunf vifNyD; t&Snf wnf wHhEkid f r,f
èé
av/ 0d ok'd¨r*f t|uxmrSm apawmy&d,tbdnmOfqkdwJh ol wpfyg;pdwu f kd odvdw k Jhtcg tJ'D yk*¾dKvf&JU ESvHk;aoG;tqif;½kyfukd t&ifMunfhNyD; pdwb f ,fvdjk zpfae w,fqkdwm od&r,fvdYk qkdxm; w,f/ &Tiv f ef;0rf;omwJhpw d f jzpf wJhtcg eDw,f?yanmifo;D tqif; ESifhwlw,fwJh/ ESvHk;romwJhpw d f jzpfwt hJ cg rnf;eufw,f/oajyoD; rSnht f qif;ESifhww l ,f/ r&Tirf ñI;d tv,f tvwfp d wfj zpfwJhtcg MunfvifNyD; ESrf;qDtqif;ESifhwl w,fwJh/ pdw[ f m ESvHk;aoG;ukd rSDNyD;jzpf&wJhtwGuf pdwaf jymif; wkdi;f ESvk;H aoG;yg ajymif;vJae& awmh ½kyv f nf;ajymif;vJae&wm aygh}} ]]'gqkd wynfah wmfrwkYd pdwu f kdvnf; aumif;atmifxm; wwfzkdY vkdwmayghbk&m;}} ]][kww f ,f 'umrBuD;? tckEkid fiHtESHY 0dyóemw&m;awG jyaewJh *kdtifumqkdwhJ yk*dK¾ vfBuD; [m t&ifwke;f uawmh Ak'¨bm om r[kwaf o;bl;/ olY&JUacgif; cJwhJ a0'emukd Ekid if HtESYH q&m0ef rsKd;pHkeJY ukvkdYraysmufEkdib f l;wJh/ aemufawmh q&mBuD; OD;bcifeJY awGUvkYd 0dyóemw&m;ywfawG 0ifNyD; tm;xkwfvdu k fcgrS ol&JU acgif;cJwhaJ 0'emvnf; aysmufNyD; Ak'¨bmomwpfa,mufvnf; jzpf vm&wmyJ/ tJ'gpdwMf unfvifvYdk a&m*ga0'emawG aysmufoGm;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wmaygh/ 'gaMumifhpdwq f kd; pdwf ,kwaf wGcsn;f 0ifae&if aoG;wk;d awG? avief;awGpwJh a&m*g aygif;pHkvnf; 0ifEkdifwmyJ/ pdwf aumif;awGarG;&if ½kyfaumif;vm vkYd a&m*gawGvnf;aumif ;NyD; touf&n S Ef id k w f maygh 'umrBu;D }} ]]rSeyf ghbk&m;}} ]]Owkqw d k muawmh tyl tat;ukdac:w,f/ tyltat; nDrQatmifvnf; aewwf&r,f/ aeylxJuvmNyD; csufcsi;f a&csKd; vkduf&if bmjzpfomG ;rvJ 'um rBuD;}} ]]tyl&SyfNyD; zsm;oGm;rSm aygh bk&m;}} ]]aqmif;wGif; at;ae wJhtcsderf Sm apmifrNcHKbJtyd f&if a&m bmjzpfoGm;r,f xifovJ}} ]]tat;awGyyfNyD; av awGawmif jzwfomG ;Ekdiw f maygh bk&m;}} ]]tJ'gaMumifh OwkrQw atmif aewwfwmuvnf; ½kyf ukd t&Snw f nfwHhatmif ,Mwm vkyw f myJ 'umrBuD;}} ]]rSeyf ghbk&m;}} ]]tm[m&qkw d m vlawG aeYp Of p m;oH k ; aewJh tpm;t aomuf awGudk tm[m&vkdYac: w,f/ tJ'Dtm[m&awGukv d nf; uk, d ef o YJ ifhawmfr,fh tm[m&awG ukd rSD0Jwwf&r,f/ aoG;wk;d &SdwJh yk*dK¾ vf[m qm;? 0ufom;?tkef;EkYd wkYv d dk rwnfw h t hJ pmawGukd a&Smif
&rSmaygh/ ra&SmifbJomG ;pm;rdvdkY uawmh N*d K[f wkd i af wGa &SU rSm ,MwmawG b,fvdyk Jvkyv f kyf 'D ½kyfBuD;wnfwHhEikd yf ghrvm; 'um rBuD;}} ]]rwnfwEhH ikd yf gbk&m;}} ]]qD;csKd&SdwJh yk*dK¾ vfu tcsKyd gwJhtpmawGpm;&if touf wko d Gm;Ekdiw f maygh/aemufb,fol rqkd aMunufv, G w f ht J pm?ukd,hf cE¨mESifhoifhawmf r,fh tm;&SdwJh tpmawGudk rQrQwweJY pm;oHk; wwf&if 'D½kyf BuD;[m t&Snf wnfwHhEdik fwmaygh 'umrBuD;}} ]]rSeyf ghbk&m;}} ]]'D½kyw f &m;BuD;ukd uH? pdw?f Owk? tm[m&qkdwJh t aMumif;w&m;av;yg;eJY tcsKd;nD nD jyKjyifomG ;r,fqkd&if t&Snf wnfwhrH ,f/ rjyKjyifbJ jzpfovkd aeNy;D r[kww f mawGcsn;f avQmuf vkyaf er,fqkd&ifawmh ½kyw f &m; BuD; t&Snrf wnfwhEH ikd b f ;l qkdwm ukd aA'ifomG ;ar;p&mvkdrvm; 'umrBuD;}} ]]ar;p&mawmif rvkd awmhygbl; bk&m;}} ]]uJ ..bke;f BuD; 'D avmuftxd t&SnBf uD;&Sif;jyae &wmuawmh ukd,feJY&if ;ESD;wJh 'umrvnf;jzpfjyef? bkef;BuD;wkdY &[ef;awGrSmvnf; 'um?'umr awGudk rrSm;oifw h m rrSm;&atmif qHk;r&r,fh wm0efuvnf;&Sdjyef awmh bmrqkd Ak'¨enf;vrf;us
èè
us vkyw f wfatmif ñTefjy&wm yJ 'umrBuD;}} ]]aus;Zl;txl;BuD;rm; vSygw,fbk&m;/ wynfhawmfr vnf; tjrifrSeaf wG&NyD; aemuf qkd aA'ifq&mawG&JU ,Mwmukd vdkurf vkyfb?J Ak'¨enf;us ,Mwm ukyd J vkduv f kyyf gawmhr,fvYdk qH;k jzwfvu kd fygNyDbk&m;}} ]]uJ ..'gqkv d nf; tck uwnf;u vufawGUtaumif txnfazmfwJhtaeeJY b,fN*dK[f wkid fawGa&SUrS roGm;eJYawmh/ a&SU? aemuf? a0;? eD;? jrifah rmuf? av nmqkw d hJ tjypfajcmufyg;vGww f hJ ae&muaeNyD; Ak'¨&JUoufawmf xif&Sm;yHka wmfuk d &nfrSef ;vkd Y ]t&[H}udavomtylawG Nidrf; at;NyD;? vl? ewf? jA[®mowå0g taygif;wkY&d JU ylaZmf&mtxl;ukd cH pf mG bk&m; awmfrlxdu k f ygvm;vkdY *kPfawmfukd tm½HkjyK NyD;awmh tJ'Dyef;pnf;ukd uyfvSL vku d fayawmh/ 'gqkd&if ]o[ Zmwur®}taeeJY csucf sif;bk&m; ukd MunfnKd wJh o'¨gpdwaf wG jzpf aecsd erf Sm pd wfawGMunfvifNyD; udavomtylpw d af wG Nidrf;aevkdY csrf;omokcudk ukd,af wGUcpH m;Ekid f ygvdrfhr,f 'umrBuD;}} ]]tck csucf sif;yJ xvkyf vku d fygawmhr,f bk&m;}} ]]om"k? om"k? om"k 'umrBuD;}} t&Sit f *¾om& (Ak'¨omoemh0efaqmif)
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¾ð¬¿¨Ù¿¨Ù Þ«ØÕú¿ª±®Ï (,cifvrStquf)
¬½»ºå øë÷ auoDtm; tdyfarGUcsí ukoonfhvyk fief; pcef;tqHk;rwkid af o;ay/ apmapmu auoD acwå tem;,laeckdufjzpfí ,cktcg tem;,lNyD;avNyD/ bk&m;&Scd kd;ausmif;wpfausmif;a&SUwiG &f aSd om ausmuf qif;wktpdrf;a&mifBuD;awGtaMumif; ajymaeav onf/ uREfkyfrSm pdwu f l;a&,OfaMumwGif arsmae ckdufjzpf&m pdwu f l;ukd jzwfxm;um auoDajym onfukdom em;pGifhíaerd\/ ,ckauoDa&muf&Sd aeaomb0rSm a&S;a[mif;acwfwiG fjzpfonf/tm&S wpfae&m&mwGifjzpfonf/ uREfkyfrSmrlum; t&SiBf uD; ocifBuD;rsm;taMumif; pOf;pm;aeíyif rqHk;Ekdif ao;acs/ auoDu vl0ifpm;taMumif;awG ajym aewmyJ/ 'gayr,fh t&SiBf uD;? ocifBuD;awGqu D ajymp&mpum;awGeJY ,SOfMunfhawmh vl0ifpm;b0 awG[m ½dk;oGm;ovkdxif&w,f/ odYak omfjim;vnf;
ÑÜå©·ºÑÜåø¿¶®³·º÷ ¿ù¹«º©³¾c¼µ·ºô»ºð¼©ºø°º÷Ä Ó¿²§ Ô·ª»-ôÓ¿²§ Ó¿-¬»®-
b m o m jy ef qdk o nf
«kd
ø°¼©§º ²³§¹úö´©°ºÑåÜ ÛÍ·¸º±´ª Ç »´ ³©°ºÑåÜ ©¼µÄ Ç ¯»ºåÓ«ôº¿±³©«ôº¸ ¶¦°ºú§º®-³å÷ uREfkyfwpfck owdrlrdonfrSm auoDtzkYrd Sm t&Sif BuD;? ocifBuD;awGESihf qHkpnf;EkdifzkdY&m b0wpfckck rSm pkaw&OD;rnfh udpyö ifjzpfavonf/ b0wpfckck wGif a&S;OD;pGmusifvnfNyD;aemuf xkb d 0\ ukd,f cE¨mukd pGefYvw T fNyD;vQif b0opfrul;rDMum;umv ukd a&muf&&dS OD;rnfjzpfonf/ Mum;umvqkdonf rSm ckcsufcsif;a&mufcsifwidk f; a&mufEidk af umif;aom t&mr[kwfygacs/ ]]tpdrf;a&mif ½kyw f kBuD;awGu bk&m; ausmif;tBuD;BuD;&JUa&SUrSm &Sdygw,f}} auoDu avoHaysmah ysmu h av;jzifh ajymjy aeonf/ bk&m;ausmif;BuD;u xdyfcRefBuD;awG? abmvHk;yHkoP²mefBuD;awG txufrmS wyfNyD; aqmuf
èç
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
xm;wmyg/ bk&m;ausmif;0ifwJh ausmufavSum; BuD;u (17)xpf&dw S ,f/ avSum;twkdif; wufomG ; vkdYtxufa&mufawmh tcef;wpfck awGU&w,f/ tarT;wkid fylaZmfxm;w,f/ zdeyfawmh b,folrQ rpD; Mubl;/ vlawGu acgif;wHk;ajymifeyYJ g/ rsuEf mS 0kid ;f 0kdi;f ? tom;rnf;rnf;yg/ rsufvHk;a&mifteufyg/ uRefr ckt'J aD e&m a&mufaeygw,f/ uRefrajcaxmufcu kd rf d NyD; emaevkYd bk&m;ausmif;ukd a&mufomG ;wmyg/ ajcaxmufukd aq;ukczH adYk ygh/ ajcaxmufu a&mif aew,f/ emNyD;awmh axmufvYrdk &bl;/ ajcaxmufxJ wpfckck0ifaew,f/olwu Ydk aq;&Guaf wGeYJ ajcaxmuf udk pnf;ay;vku d Mf uw,f/ aq;&Gufemrnfuawmh ]wJeif}wJh/ (tJ'Dtyif&JU t&Guf? tjrpf? tacguf awGud k olYtxHrSmygwJh ]tufppf}"mwfwpfrsK;d twGuf oHk;Muonf/ a&S;ya0PoDumvrS ,ckwidk f aq;yif tjzpf oH;k Muonf/) uRerf ajcaxmufud k a&pifatmif yxr aq;ay;w,f/ a&aq;ay;wmu bk&m;awG&JU a&SUawmfrSm ½dk½dkaoao waqmifwa,mifvky&f wJh udpw ö pfckyg/ uRefrajcaxmufxrJ Sm tqdyfoifah eNyD/ 'l;qpfBuD;a&mifaew,f/ajcaxmufu av;aew,f/ ajcaxmufay:rSm aoG;a&mifawG tpif;tpif; x aew,f/ (aoG;rSm tqdyfoifhjcif;avm/) uRefr ajcaxmufukd tcRefeJYazmufNyD; aq;ylylpyfpyfawG xnfhay;Muygw,f/}} auoDcrsmrSm emvGef;í wGefYvrd fae&Sm onf/ tvGecf g;aom aq;&nfukdaomufcJh&jcif; aMumifhvnf; toufajzmifhajzmifh r½SLEkdifbJ qkeYd ifh í aeonf/ xkad q;&nfukd t0ga&mif opf&Gufrsm; rS &onf[kod&\/ olYajcaxmufa&m*g aysmuf oGm;yg\/ okdYaomf ajcaxmufum; aoonfxd rdarG;wkid f;? zarG;wkid f;r[kwfawmhacs/ olYb0ukd Munfv h u kd af omtcg qif;&JEckH smaom b0jzpfaMumif; om awGU&\/ tdrfcef;wpfckomygaom tdrfi,f uav;rSm rdom;pkaexkdifMu&\/ tdrfrSm pm;yGJyif
r&Sdacs/ tpm;taomufrSm qefMurf;wpfrsKd;uko d m r0w0 pm;Mu&&Smonf/ &ihfa&mftrdk if;jcif; vsijf ref pGm usa&mufvmum tpm;taomuf csKdUwJhpmG jzifh yif ao&&Smavonf/ uREfkyfonf olb0ajymif; rnfhtcsed u f kd qkdif;iHhaeygao;\/ olYrSm tvGeftm; tifukecf ef;aeyHk&yg\/ olYukd tdyfarGUcs&mrS rEId; ao;rD a&mbwf*sJ&wfqkdolu uREfkyf\ r}prIudk vkt d yfaeaMumif; auoDu ajymygonf/ uREfkyfrSm xkad &mbwf*sJ&wfqo kd lum; rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; ESifh uREfkyfu rnfokdYolYtm; r}pEkdifrnfqkdaom taMumif;rsm;ukd vHk;0rod&cSd Jhacs/ okaYd omf auoDu onfhxufykNd yD;vnf; ajymjyjcif;r&Sday/ tdyfarGUcs&mrS Ekd;xvmNyD;aemuf auoD onf twdwb f 0taMumif; jyefajymif;trSw&f jcif; udpörS tcsuftvuftao;pdwaf wG awmfawmf rsm;rsm; rSwfrdae\/ aorif;ESifhawGU&yHktaMumif;? aoNyD;aemuf jzpf&yfrsm;taMumif;? b0opfoYkd ul; ajymif;roGm;&rD BuHK&csufrsm;taMumif;? ,HkzdkYcuf aom taMumif;t&mawGukd ajymjyoGm;aom t&Sif BuD;? ocifBuD;rsm;\ taMumif;wkYu d kdru l m; olbmrQ rrSwrf ad cs/ auoDa&? rif;tzkdY t&SiBf uD;? ocifBuD; qkw d hJ pum;u b,fvt kd "dyÜg,f&ygovJ/ olonf pdwu f sef;rma&; ododomomwkd;wufvmNyD rSef aomfvnf; olBuD;jyif;vmcJh&onfh (c&pf,mef) bmoma&;tjrifukd vl0ifpm;taMumif;ESifh aygif; pyfí em;vnfEkdipf rG f;r&Sdao;acs/ xkYad Mumifhyif uREfkyfonfvnf; olYtm; t&SifBuD;? ocifBuD;awG taMumif; ajymjyjcif; rjyKao;yg/ xkrd Qomruao; yg/ auoDonf tHhMoavmufatmif tpGrf;xuf aom tdyaf rGUcscHEikd fol (uk, d pf m;vS,af umif;)wpfOD; jzpfaMumif;ukd tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;tm; ajymjy&efudpö ukd b,fupí ajym&rnfrodjzpfaeavonf/tHhMo avmufz, G f pGrf;aqmifEkdio f lqk&d m0,f t&SiBf uD;
çð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ocifBuD; (txufq&mBuD;)rsm;xHrS vlomrefwdkY od&ef rpGr;f Ekid af om odp&mrsm;udk tdyaf rGUcscH&olu ("mwful;onfh (0g)"mwfpD;onfhtaejzifh) ajymjyEkdif jcif;ukd &nfñeT f;íqkdygonf/ auoDu aemufwpfBudrftyd farGUcsonfh udpötwGuf uREfkyf\ZeD;jzpfol ]u½dk;(vf)}tm; twl&daS eap&ef oabmwlcJhayonf/ u½dk;(vf)rSm pdwaf &m*gaq;ukorIwGif vlrIa&;ulnDolwpfOD; taejzifh rsm;pGmtawGUtBuHK&ifhusuNf yD;oljzpfygonf/ uREfkyt f aejzifh ,HkEikd fp&mr&Sdaom uREfkyBf uHKawGUcJ&h csufrsm;ay:wGif u½dk;(vf)\ oabmxm;ukd &,l vkdjcif;yifjzpf\/ olt Y m; auoD\ajymjycsufrsm;ukd azmufonfcscJh\/ uREfkyf\zcifESifh om;uav; tm'eftaMumif;rsm;ukd Mum;od&ojzifh u½kd;(vf)rSm vnf; uREfkyf\tdyfarGUcs&mü auoDu jznf;jznf; omomajymonfhpum;rsm;ukd wpfvHk;rusefvdu k f rSw&f ef 0efrav;apumrl t&SiBf uD;? ocifBuD;wkdY ajymyHrk Smum; awmfawmfyif jrefjcif;aMumifh tm;vH;k ukdyif toHzrf;wdyfacGjzifh zrf;,l&efqkH;jzwfcJhay onf/ wywf c ef YM umaomtcg auoDo nf aemufwpfBudrf tdyfarGUcscH&ef vma&mufygonf/ olYrmS aMumuf&UGHp;kd &drrf I aMumifMh urIawG avsmyh g;oGm; NyD; pdw"f mwfusef;rmrIwkd;wufvmcJhayNyD/ aq; ukorItaejzifh ol\a&m*goufomvmjcif;rSm aocsmyg\/ okY&d mwGif uREfkyfodzYkd vkad eaomtcsuf rSm bmaMumifhþrQ wkd;wufaumif;rGefcJhovJ[l aom tcsujf zpfonf/ olonf t&Ge'f gb0wke;f u a&epfíaocJh aMumif;udk rSwrf ad ecJh\/ *sKd[efjzpfcJhonfhb0wGif &efou l "m;jzifv h nfyif;ukv d S;D ojzifh aocJ&h aMumif; vnf; rSwfrd\/ ,l0DZmb0rSmwkef;u a&m*gawG yg&Sdonfh a&ukdaomuf&jcif;aMumifh a&qkd;uyfBuD; wGif ygcJh&yHkudk trSw&f ae\/ tvm;wlaMumuf&HGU xdwv f efYzG,Ef Sifh tonf;toefyifyef;emusirf I BuHK
cJh&jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; rSwrf daeavonf/ qif;&JEcHk sm onfhb0rsm;ESihf tckid f;tapcHb0rsm;wGif 'ku©awG cHpm;cJh&yHkESifh xyfausmhNyD; cHpm;cJh&yHkrsm;ukdvnf; aumif;? rdom;pk0iftcsif;csif;\ ESyd fpufuvljyKrlykH rsm;udkvnf;aumif; jyefvnfod&dcS Jh&\/ rdom;pk twGif; ESdyfpufcH&rIrsm;? aeYpOf&ufquf aeukef aecef; pdwq f if;&JrIrsm;onf pdwx f rJ Sm azsmufzsuf í r&Ekid favmufatmif pGJxifae&pfonfh oabm yifjzpfay\/ jyifyrS BuHK&orQ'ku©taygif;ESihw f uG rdom;pktwGi;f rSm BuHKorQ 'ku©taygif;ukd jyef ajymif;awGUjrif&jcif;aMumifyh if auoD\pdwrf Sm &Sif; vif;vef;qef;í oGm;cJjh cif;ayavm[k awG;xifzG,f &Sdayonf/tjcm;jzpfEkdiaf jcwpfckrSmvnf; pdww f efc;kd wkYjd zif h qufqaH e&rIonfyif pdw\ f BuHUckdifrIukd jzpfapoavm/ aojcif;w&m;qkdonfrSm trsm;ol ig em;vnfaeMuaomjzpfpOfBuD; wpfckr[kwfonfh taMumif; od&jcif;aMumifh pdwcf srf;omaysm&f iT frI cHpm;&NyD; aoab;ukad Mumuf&HUG jcif; avsmhyg;ap aomaMumifhyifavm/ okYw d nf;r[kwf xkdtrSw&f rI rsm;aMumifhcsnf;omr[kwf tdyfarGUcsí twdwu f kd pl;prf;aomenf;pepfBuD;wpfckvk;H onfyif auoD\ pdwaf 0'emaysmufuif;a&;twGuf taMumif;&if; jzpfavoavm/ auoD\ pdww f efckd;rSm wkd;wufíxuf jrufvmcJh\/ olYpdwu f tvkv d o kd jd rifaeaom t&m rsm;vnf; ydkrrkd sm;jym;vmonf/ tm½Hkig;yg;jzifh awGU xdí odjrifrf I? usKd;aMumif;a0zefí odjrifrIrsK;d r[kwf aom odjrifrIrsKd;ukd qkv d d\ k / pwl;0yfESifhpyfvsO;f onfh jyómemrsm; &Sdaeao;apumrl ajyvnfrI ydkrkd&&Sdvmonf/ olYrsufvk;H rsm;rSm awmufyvm\/ tom;a&mif pkjd ynfvm\/ ,ckoDwif;ywftwGif; tdyfrufqef;rufaMumif;? okdYaomf wpfpGef;wpfprQ om rSwfrdaMumif;ajymjyonf/ ig;\ql;awmifeDeD wpfck olYvufxrJ Sm pl;0ifaeNyD; xGurf vmaMumif; ajymonf/
çï
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
auoDtm; tdyfarGUcs&mwGif tvG,Ef Sifh yif tdyfaysmfomG ;avonf/ rdepftenf;i,ftwGif; rSmyif aumif;aumif;BuD; tdyfarmusoGm;\/ ]]uRefrawGU&wmuawmh urf;yg;apmuf BuD;awGyg/ tay:upD;NyD; atmufbufukid HkYMunfh aeygw,f/ oabFmawGtvmukd apmifhMunfhae& wmyg/ tJ'guRefrwm0efyg/ uRefr0wfxm;wmu awmh tjyma&mifabmif ;bDwked JY zdeyfteuf rSm wG,pf &mcg;ywfacgif;vkd acgif;uav;awG wyfxm; w,f / zd eyf uawmh tvSc sKyf xm;wmrsKd;yg/ wpfarQmf wpfac:BuD;rSm rkd;ukwfpuf0kdif ;txd bmoabFmrQ rawGU&yg}} auoDonf avoHaysmhaysmhjzifh ajymae avonf/ uREfkyfonf olYtm; ta&;ygaomjzpf &yf&rSd nfhumvykdif;qDokYd wkd;íykdYkvku d fygonf/ ]]uRefrwkdY pdrfa&(bD,m)aomufaeMu w,f/ ta&mifu arSmifaewJhtjyif;pm;pdrfa&yg/ aomufcu G f txlBuD;awGu a[mif;jrif;aevkYd ckdif atmif abmifcwfNyD; wkyfxm;&w,f/ 'Dae&mu teHYtoufqk d;w,f/ vlawGv nf ; pnf w,f / pum;oHawG nHvkY/d atmf[pfajymqkdaeMuw,f}} olYemrnfukd ac:wmrsm; Mum;rdovm;[k ar;Munfhonf/ ]]c&pf(pf)&Se?f c&pf(pf)&Seq f dkwm uRefr emrnfyg}} onfb0wGif auoDrmS a,mufsm;wpfa,muf jzpf&jyefonf/ uRefrwkdYaomufMuwJh ae&mrSm pm; p&muawmh tom;wpfrsKd;yg/ cg;w,f? rnf;wl; aewhJtom;yg/ qm;jzL;pm;&w,f/ auoDu xkdumv\ ckESpo f uú&mZfukd rawGU&[kqo kd nf/ ]]olwYadk jymaeMuwmuawmh ppf jzpfwht J aMumif;yg/ oabFmawGeYJ qdyfurf;ukd ydwf qkMYd uwJhtaMumif;yg/ b,ft&yfa'ovkYad wmh ajym oHrMum;rdyg/ pum;oHawG nHaevkYd olwakdY jymwm awG oJoJuJu G GJ rMum;Ekdifyg}}
b0a[mif;wkef;u ESvHk;a&m*g'Pfcsuf jzpfcJh&zl;olwpfOD;tzkdY rsufarSmufb0rSm tEÅ&m,f&Sdwwfayoavm/ þar;cGef;um; aq;ynmavmutzkd Y tajzr&Ek difao;aom ynmykdif;udpöwpf&yfjzpfyg\/ b,ft&yfa&mufaeovJ[k ar;Munfh&m wGif auoDu ][J(rf)pwuf}[kajzonf/ 'Dtrnf uawmh olajymwJhtoHxu G u f kd vku d fa&;wmyg/ qdyfurf;NrdKUjzpf\/ a0ve,frS NrdKUjzpfonf/ NAdwo d Q pum;ajymaeMuw,f/ auoDonf c&pf&Seb f 0wGif oabFm om;tjzpf a&muf&daS eaomumvudk jyefajymjy onf/ ]]uRerf ESmacgif;xJrmS rD;ck;d eH&Y w,f/awmfawmf qkd;wJh teHYyJ/ opfom;rD;avmifwhJ añSmfeYx H ifw,f/ r[kwfao;bl;/ 'DteHYu wpfrsKd;yg/ ESmacgif;ukd avmifovm;atmufarh&w,f/ cyfvSr;f vSrf;rSm rD;avmifaewm oabFmyg/ &Guo f abFmBuD;yg/ uRefrwkYu d awmh oabFmay:ukd aoewfazmufzYdk ,rf;rIefYawGukd wifaeMuwmyg/}} ajymae&if;yif auoDrSm pdwaf ,muf,uf cwfaeyHk&yg\/ ]]aoewfazmufwhJ ,rf;rIeYaf wGyg/ tvGef rnf;wJh ta&mifyg/ vufukdvnf; uyfap;uyfap; jzpfapw,f/ tvkyu f cyfjrefjrefvkyrf SjzpfwhJ tvkyf rsKd;/ oabFmuawmh tpdrf;a&miftvHwifxm; w,f/ tvHu arSmifxJa&mufaew,f/ tpdrf;eJY t0gESpaf &mifpyf tvHyg/ tcRefoHk;ckygwJh o&zl yHkvnf;ygw,f}}
çî
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
½kwjf cnf;yif auoDhrsufESm½IHUrJhvmonf/ tvGeyf if emusifaeyH&k \/ ]tifh}[k wpfcsufnnf; vkdufNyD;aemuf]]uRefrvufrSm emaewm vuf xJrSm owåKpwpfck0ifaew,f/ tJ'DtwGuf rD;avmifovkd yJ ylaew,f/ tkd; ..tk;d ...}} xkt d cdkufwiG f auoDtyd frufrufykH wpf pGe;f wpfpukd jyefítrSw&f rd\/ olYvufxJrSm ig; ql;awmif eDeDwpf ck 0if a ew,f qkd wm ,ckr S t"dyÜg,fay:awmh\/ uREkyf o f nf auoD\ vufrS temudkyw d Nf yD; pnf;aESmifay;cJh\/ okY&d mwGif olum; nnf;í rqHk;ao;acs/ ]]uRefrvufwiG f pl;0ifaeom tcRefprsm; rSm owåKprsm;jzpfavonf/ uRefrwkYd pDeif;aom oabFmrSm &efoYv l ufcsuaf Mumifh ysupf ;D &NyD/oabFm \ 0JbufrmS xdcku d fc&H NyD;? rD;awmufukdawmh rBuD; atmif Nidr;f owfEikd Mf uygw,f/ vlawGuawmh ao Muwm twHk;t½kH;yJ/ uRefrawmh raobJusef&pf vkYd awmfao;w,f/ vufrmS 'Pf&m&wm wpfckygyJ/ 'D'Pf&muvnf; tcsdew f efawmh aumif;oGm;yg w,f}} uREykf o f nf auoDtm; ol\ xkb d 0aemuf ykdi;f qDoYkd tm½HkjyKckid ;f cJyh g\/ azmfjycJhNyD;onfh jzpf&yf tjyif tjcm;rSwfom;avmufonfh jzpf&yfwpfckukd a&G;xkwcf ikd f;cJhavonf/ ]]uRefra&mufaewmuawmh pmyHkEdyS v f k yf ief;wpfckyg/ opfom;pmpD ]bavmufwk;H }awGeYJ rifeYJ yHEk ySd v f yk if ef;yg/pmtkyyf EkH ySd v f yk if ef;? pmtkycf sKyfvyk if ef; vkyaf eMuygw,f/ pmtkyzf k;H awGu om;a&eJYyg/ csKyf wJh BudK;awGuvnf; om;a&BudK;awGeYyJ g/ pmtkyef eD D wpftkyaf wGU&w,f/ orkdif;taMumif;yg/ pmtkyf acgif;pD;emrnfuakd wmh rjrifryd g/ pmtkyyf EkH ySd w f hJ udpö u tNyD;awmh rowfao;yg/ pmtkyaf wGuawmh vSrv S yS J/ om;a&zH;k awGuvnf; acsmrGwv f Ydk aumif; vkdufwJh pmtkyfBuD;awGyg/ ynmay; pmtkyrf sKd;yg/
auoDb0a[mif;u c&pf (pf )&Sefonf pmtkyfawGukd ukdifMunfh&onfukd ESpfNcdKufaeyHk&ay onf/ pmtkyfrS A[kokwawG &Ekid yf u Hk kd cyfa&;a&;rQ oabmaygufaeyH&k avonf/ olyY ifu, kd o f bm0rSm ynmaumif;aumif; oifcJhzl;yHkr&acs/ uREfkyfonf c&pf(pf)&Set f m; olYb0\ aemufqkH;aeYokYd a&muf apcJhavonf/ ]]uRefr (c&pf(pf)&Se)f a&SUrSm jrpful;wHwm; wpfpif;awGU&ygw,f/ uRefrtouftawmfyJ BuD;ae ygNyD/ vrf;aumif;aumif; ravQmufEid k af wmhyg/jrpful; wHwm;ay: jzwfNyD; wpfzufurf;ukd oGm;aeygw,f/ &ifxu J atmifhvdu k fwm/ &ifxrJ Sm zdusyfaew,f/ tr,fav;usyv f u dk w f m/ uRw?f uRwf? oabFmay: rSm a&mufaeol c&pf(pf)&Seo f nf ESvHk;a&m*g'Pf ukd cHpm;ae&yH&k yg\/ olYtouf&LS yHrk Smjrefí ½SLcsuf rQOf;rQO;f om usefawmhavonf/ rsuEf mS ESihv f nfyif; rSm acR;awG&JaT eacsNyD/ olonf acsmif;qkd;oHxGuf vmum touf½SLr0í avukdt&trd ½SLaeyHk&yg \/ uREkyf rf mS xkt d cg pk;d &drfpw d jf zpfchrJ \ d / b0a[mif; wke;f u ESvHk;a&m*g'PfcsufjzpfcJh&zl;olwpfOD;tzkYd rsufarSmufb0rSm tEÅ&m,f&Sdwwfayoavm/ þ ar;cGe;f um; aq;ynmavmutzkYd tajzr&Ekid fao; aom ynmykid ;f udpw ö pf&yfjzpfyg\/ aemufqHk;awmh c&pf(pf)&Sef tedpöa&muf&SmygavNyD/ auoDonf olYvel m tdy&f mxufrmS Nidro f ufpGm vJavsmif;aeyg avNyD/ toufvnf;jyif;jyif;ESifh rSerf Se½f SLaeygNyD/ uREfkyftzkYd xkt d cgrSyif oufjyif;BuD;wpfcsufcsEkid f ayawmhonf/ ]]ck a wmh uRef r vGw f v yf o G m;ygNyD ? vGwfvyf NyDaygh}} auoDu avoHaysmah ysmah v;jzifah jym&Smonf/ ]]uRefravxJrmS 0Jaeygw,f/ arSmifxrJ SmyJ 0Jaeygw,f/ tem;rSm tvif;a&mifawGU&w,f/ ab;rSmawmh 0dnmOfawGyg/ wjcm;vlawGaygh}}
çí
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ª®·ºåÞ«Üå ½úÜåªÙ»¿º »Ò§« Ü Ùôº ôµð©Ü¿úÌð¹°¼»º a&Ta&mif? aiGa&mifwajymifajymifESifh zdwf zdwaf wmufum vSyvGef;vSbdonf/ onfa&Teef;awmfBuD;uawmh uyÜderif;BuD; ESifh taemfZma'0Drzd k&m;wkdY pkd;pHaeMuaom eef; awmfBuD;jzpfygonf/ ykvw J pfuef?Y &Gw J pfuefY wdro f ufwefYa&mif wajymifajymifwnD;nD; cef;raqmifBuD;u vSy avoavmuf wdwq f w d Nf idrfoufjcif;u pkd;rdk;vsuf &Sdygonf/ onfcef;raqmifBuD;twGi;f wpfa,muf wnf; NiD;aiGUz, G t f oGiEf Sihf tqiftjyifñ;Id NyD;? wpf rsKd;yif oem;zG,faumif;vSonfh rdzk&m;BuD;taemf Zma'0Donf aysmhEJGUpmG jzifh ovGefanmifapmif;ay: 0,f vJavsmif;pHaeawmfrlygonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;\ rsufvHk;rsm;url awmuf ajymifrIuif;NyD; wpfae&mokYd pl;pkdufNyD; Munfhae onf xif&\/ rSeyf gonf/ tylrD;u wnD;nD;awmuf avmifjyefawmhvnf; &ifrSmrat;orQ cyfai;ai; av; jzpfae&onf r[kwfvm;/ ]]aMomf ..armifawmf? armifawmf b,f tBuHb,ftawG;eJY b,fukdajy;NyDvJu, G }f } wu,fawmh b,ftaMumif;u b,fokdY b,fyHktaMumif;pHk ajymNyD;rS xGufomG ;zkYo d ifyh gonf aum/ a[m ...tckawmh O,smOfawmfrSm pHjref; NyD; tyef;ajzzkdY xGufOD;rnf[k odvku d f&NyD;? raeY uwnf;u
ygoGm;Mujyefonfav/ aMomf...trwfBuD;rsm;&JU ZeD;rsm;uvnf; olYenf;wl ylMuayrSmyJaygh/ ckwavm armifbk&m;ukd Munfh&onfrSm tm;&pzG,fr&Sd/ &Tif&Gifysys &,f&,farmarmvnf; uif;rJhaejyefonf/ tvGefw&mcspfjrwfEkd;vSonfh taemfZma'0Dukyd if u,ku,if cspfwHkYwifjcif; uif;onfuvnf; MumawmifhMum&Snf&ySd gavNyD/ wpfcguvnf;yef;cHkawmfrSm armifr,fpHkpHjref;NyD; avEk at;av;cHumaecku d f teD;wGif rdzk&m;BuD;&Sdonfukd arhavsmhaeovm;rod? ai;ai;ikdifidkifESifh oufjyif; BuD;wpfvHk;ukd av;av;BuD;csaejyefonf/ ]]armifbk&m;&,f? a[m[krd mS Munfhprf;yg OD;? aiGpE´mvrif;BuD;ab;rSm Mu,ftaygif;&Hcae Muwm armifbk&m;eJY ESrawmfvkyd gyJvm;aemf / wu,fawmhvnf; avmuBuD;wpfckvk;H [m vrif; BuD;aMumifhrkdYom vif;xdeaf ewmyg Mu,fuav; awGcsnf;qkd b,fvif ;vdrfhrvJaemf/ tckvnf; armifbk&m;ukd jrif&wmu ESrawmf&ifxrJ Sm vrif; BuD;omaeovkdygyJvm; armifawmf&,f}} taemfZma'0Drd zk&m;BuD;u ,ckvkw d if avQmufvdu k af wmhrS vefYzsyfoGm;ovkdjzpfNyD; rdzk&m; BuD;ukd vSnhMf unfhvdu k fonf/ ]]tku d G,f ..vrif;&SdwJhnusawmhvnf; vrif;BuD;u omwmaygh/ vrif;rxGufjyefawmh vnf; Mu,fwm&muav;awG[m olYtiftm;eJYol vif;Mu&jyefwmygyJ ESrawmf&,f/ vrxGuaf wmh vnf; Mu,fa&mifvufjyef wmyJaygh/ Moumo avmuBuD;wpfckvk;H [m tarSmifwu dk zf Hk;NyD; raeyg bl; ESrawmf&,f}} armifbk&m;pum;rsm;u bmukdazG&SmawG;
çê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
&rnfrod/ tkdav ckwavm armifbk&m;[m wpfrsKd; rSwpfrsKd;ygyJ/ ]]armifbk&m;}} ]][if ..ESrawmf}} ]]armif bk&m;[m ckwavmt&ifeJYrwl toGifajymif;aeovm;vkYyd g/ rsufESmawmfuvnf; ñId;vGe;f vSw,fbk&m;}} ]][kww f ,fESrawmf? armifbk&m;wkdY[m tkdvnf;tkMd uNyD? wu,fawmh aor,fh&ufe;D NyD aygh/ ckwavm a&TbHka&Teef;udkvnf; NiD;aiGUw,f? bm ukad zG&SmNyD; ajym&rSe;f rod? ra&r&meJY armifbk&m; &ifxJrSm b,fvdck Hpm;ae&rSe;f rodatmifygyJ/ jrif orQtm;vHk;[mvnf; aysmf&Tifz, G q f dwo f kO;f aeovkd yJ ESrawmf &,f /b,fuk d yJM unfhMunf h yuwd rom,m Ekdib f l;av}} onfvdyk J nnf;nnf;nLnLajymaewwf onf/ ,ckvnf; ..Munfhav/ pdwaf jyvufaysmuf O,smOfawmfxu G fOD; rnfqkdNyD; ,aeYxjd yef
wifMubJ/ o0PfvmT ukdom qufoMuonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;rSm tjrefyif zwf½Ivkd ufawmh onf/ ]]aMomf ..armifbk&m;u tarmifwdYu k kd qkawmfaiGoHk;ode;f ay;vkduw f ,f qkdygvm;/tarmif wkYx d Hu owif;xl;&vkdYqkyd J/ tJ'Dowif;xl;ukd uREfkyftm;vnf; ajymMum;ckid f;ygwJh/ 'Dowif;xl; aMumifhvnf ; aejynfawmfukd jyefrvmawmhbJ c&D;qufw,fqkyd gvm;uG,f? tarmifwdYk vif;Mu prf;ygOD;uG,f}} ]]onfvdyk g t&Sio f cifr? tuREfkyfwkYd om0w¬djynfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifyiG haf wmfral eygNyD bk&m;}} ]]tvkd ..bk&m;?bk&m;? bk&m;wJhvm; uG,f}} rdzk&m;BuD;rSm &ifbwfukdzv d suf wpfu, kd f vHk; wke&f ND yD; yDwt d [kev f rT ;f NcHKvsu&f d&S um; om0w¬d om;wk dYtm; pum;rqkdEkdiaf tmifyif jzpfae&Smyg onf/ ]]bk&m; &wemtjyif w&m;&wem? oHCm &wemrsm; xGef;ay:vsuf&SdaMumif;ygbk&m;/ onf owif;pum;ukd a&Teef;&Sifociftm; wifavQmuf cJhjcif;aMumifh tojymoHk;ode;f &&SdaMumif;ygbk&m;}} rdzk&m;BuD;uvnf; ukefonfwt Ydk m; xyfrH oHk;qwkd;NyD; tojymukd;ode;f csD;jrSifhvdu k fygonf/ ]]tarmifwY?dk ,ckt&Sirf if;BuD; b,foY
çé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
bk&m;}}
rdzk&m;BuD;onf ,if;pum;ukdMum;&vQif wpfpHkwpf&mrQ qufvufred YMf um;jcif;r&SdbJ awG; awmumom ae&Smawmhonf/ ukeo f nfrsm;vnf; tvkdufodpmG xGufcmG oGm;Muawmhonf/ rMumrDtwGi;f taqmif uidk fAkv d rf SL;u jrif;onfawmfav;OD;ukd ac:aqmifí rdzk&m;BuD;xH arSmuf a&mufvmMujyefygonf/ ]]t&Sirf bk&m;? onfjrif;onfawmfav; OD;u pum;vufaqmifay;yg&apwJh bk&m;}} ]]tjrefwifprf; tarmifwY}kd } ]]onfvkyd g rbk&m;? uRefawmfrsKd;wkdY[m t&Sirf if;BuD;apckid f;onfhtwkid f; t&yfav;rsufESm ukd oGm;Muygaomfvnf; t&Sifrif;BuD;tvk&d Sdovkd bmowif;rQ ,laqmifvmEkdifjcif;r&SdMuygbk&m;/ onfawmhvnf; a&Teef;&Sif[m rMunfomygbl;/ onftawmtwGi;f rSmyJ om0w¬djynfu ukeo f nf BuD;rsm; ,laqmifvmwJh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;xGef;ay:aeNyDqkw d mvnf; Mum;a&m aemufyg trwfwpfaxmifet YJ wl Ak'¨xyH g; ta&muf oGm;Muawmhw,fbk&m;}} ]]at; ..qufygOD;? pdw0f ifpm;p&myJ}} ]]onfxuf pdw0f ifpm;p&m&Syd gao;w,f bk&m;/ uRefawmfrsKd;wkdY[m a&Teef;&Sifbk&m; rod atmif aemufa,mifcHvdu k o f Gm;Muygw,f/ rif;BuD; u odaE¨mjrif;ukd pD;oGm;awmh uRefawmfrsKd;wkYv d nf; renf;rDatmif vkduf&ygw,f}} ]]tJ ..tJ ..tjrefwifprf;ygOD;uG,h}f } ]]rSeyf g? onfvdek JY ty&pämjrpfBuD;teD; a&mufoGm;w,f/ jrpfBuD;[m a&teufwpf*g0kw&f Sd NyD;? tus,fu ESpf*g0kw&f Sdygw,f/ azmifr&Sd?avS r&SdeJY b,fvdrk sm; ul;rvJvkdY Munfhaewke;f rSmyJ? a&Teef;&Si[ f m us,favmifwht J oHBuD;eJY ]]b0aom wH [a0 Aka'¨g? wdaPÖm avmuEÅ*l 0d'l/ {awe
opö0aZÆe? *reH ar ordZöswk = Ak'¨rnf& avmu xGwx f m; jrwfb&k m;onf b0oHk;oG,f a&jyifus,f ukd edAÁKxkwaf csmuf ul;ajrmufawmfrlNyD; avNyD/ avmu\tqHk;okYd a&mufawmfrlavNyD/ cyfodr;f aom w&m;ukd ykdif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlavNyD/ 0pD r*Fvm þopömpum;aMumifh tuREfyk \ f jrwfb&k m; xHarSmuf oGm;a&mufjcif;onf xajrmufuHkvHk jynfhpyHk gapownf;}}vdkY qkdNyD; jrpfxq J if;vkduw f m jrif;cGmukd a&pk½d HkyJ &Sdygw,f/ ausmufvrf;rBuD;ukd jzwful;ovkdygyJ/tvGet f hMH ozG,f aumif;vSygw,f bk&m;}} ]]tvkd ..Ak'¨? Ak'¨? Ak'¨&JU*kPfawmfu tvGet f HhMozG,f aumif;vSygvm;uG,f½dkU}} ]]onfvkd jrpfBuD;ukd jzwful;oGm;wm jrif vku d f&wJh uRefawmfrsKd;wkdYrSm rvkduf&JvkYd tjcm; vrf;uaeNyD; om0w¬djynfukd oGm;&w,f/ aemuf wpfcg eDvmjrpfBuD;jzwful;cgeD;awmhvnf; ]],'d oEÅ*d arm ra*¾g? armau©m ppöEÅduH okcH/ {awe opö0aZÆe? *reH ar ordZsö wk = t&d,mr*fav;yg; onf edAÁmefxkwaf csmuf a&mufapEkdi\ f / t&d,m r*fjzifh a&muftyfaom edAÁmefw&m;jrwfonfvnf; csrf;omppfppf {uefjzpf\/ 0pDr*Fvm þopöm pum;aMumifh tuREfyk f\ jrwfb&k m; xHarSmuf oGm; a&mufjcif;onf xajrmufukv H kH jynfhpyHk gapownf;}} vkYd &Gwq f Nkd yD; a&S;enf;twkdif; ul;jyefw,f/ aemuf pE´abm*gjrpfBuD; ul;jyefawmhvnf;]]oHaCm a0 wdPÖuEÅma&m? yknacawåm tEkwåa&m/ {awe opö0aZÆe?*reHar ordZsö wk=t&d,moHCmawmfjrwf onf pifppfoHo&mc&D;cJud k ul;ajrmufNyD; jzpfawmfrl ay\/ twkr&Sd vGeaf jrmufbad om aumif;rIrsKd;ukd pku d yf sK;d BuJcs&m v,f,majrppf yknacwfvnf; jzpf ygay\/ 0pD r*Fvm þopömpum;aMumifh tuREkyf \ f jrwfb&k m; xHarSmuf oGm;a&mufjcif;onf xajrmuf uHkvkH jynfhpHkygapownf;}}vdkY qkNd yD; ul;jyefw,f/ tJhz, G o f &JygyJbk&m;}}
çè
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
]]tif; ..tHhavmufz, G fygyJ/ rdzk&m;rSm vnf; onf&wemoHk;yg;qkw d Jh toHMum;&wm &if xJrSm b,fvdyk w D rd sK;d eJYrQ EIid f;r&wJh t&omukd cHpm; ae&w,f/ ukdif; ..'gjzifh tarmifjrif;onfawmfwYdk vnf ; armif bk&m;aemuf waumufaumuf eJY vkdufMu&wmayghaemf/ aemufawmh Ak'¨eJYawGU&NyD vm;uG,f½dkU}} ]]rSev f Syg/ onf avmuZrÁLwpfciG frSm b,foleJYrQ rwkr,SOo f mEkdif wefckd;awmfteEÅeJY jynfph HkwhJ Ak'¨ukd anmifyifBuD;wpfyifatmufrmS awGU &ygw,f/ Ak'¨&JU udk,af &mifuk, d 0f g[m w0if;0if; wxdex f ed af wmufyvku d fwm anmifyifBuD;wpfckv;kH a&Ta&mifzHk;aeawmhwmygyJ bk&m;}} ]]tvkd ..bk&m;? bk&m;? uJ ..trwf BuD;uawmfwaYdk &? armifawmfbk&m;wkYad emufvdu k Nf yD; toGifqef;vSwhJ Ak'q ¨ dw k hJ &[ef;BuD;zl;&atmif tckyJ oGm;r,f? jrif;onfawmfwdY}k } ]]acwåqdik ;f ygOD; bk&m;/ avQmufwifp&m usefygao;w,f/ onfvkad &mifjcnfawmfajcmuf oG,faMumifh NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifxu G faewJh jrwfpGmbk&m;xH a&Teef;&Sifb&k m;
axmifNcH&HNyD; &[ef;jyKMurnfqkdaom &nf&G,cf suf jzifh jrif;uaom&xm;rsm;jzifh r[muyÜderif;BuD; aemuf vkdufygoGm;Muawmhonf/ vrf;c&D;rSm rif;BuD;awGU&aomjrpfoHk;oG,f ukd awGU&jyefonf/ rdzk&m;vnf; rif;BuD;enf;wl yif ... ]]igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm tjrwf &wemrsm;ukd OD;xdyfxm;NyD; vmcJholjzpfygonf/ rrSdwrf okef ,HkMunfolvnf; jzpfonf/ þopöm pum;aMumifh þjrpfa&rsm;onf ausmufvrf;rBuD; toGif jzpfygapownf;}} [k opömjyKum rif;BuD;enf;wlyif &Gwq f Nkd yD; jrpfBuD; rsm;ukd jzwfu;l &m rif;BuD;uJhoyYd k if acsmarmpGmul;Ekid f Muonf/ &xm;bD;rsm; pkdpw G f½HkrQom jzpfonf/ rMumjrifhrD tcdsefumvtwGif;rSmyif jrif; onfawmfwdYk avQmufwifMuovkd a&mifjcnfawmf ajcmufo, G jf zifh wifhw,fawmfrlaom Ak'¨&Siaf wmf jrwfbk&m;ukd anmifyifatmuf yvÄifay:wGif zl;jrif vkdufMu&ygNyD/ taemfZma'0D\ 0rf;omMunfEl;rIonf um; tqHk;pGefokdYwkid favNyDwum;/ jrwfAk'¨onf BuD;pGmaom u½kPmawmf jzifh taemfZma'0DESifh trwfuawmfwdYt k m; ½IMunfh awmfrNl yD; rif;BuD;ESiht f rwfwpfaxmifwYu kd kdrl wefc;kd awmfjzifh zHk;uG,fxm;avonf/ ]]*kPfawmfteEÅ? wefckd;awmfteEÅESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? r[muyÜderif;BuD; ESifhtrwfwo dkY nf t&Sifbk&m;xHawmfwiG f &[ef;jyK MuNyD[k od&ygaomfvnf; olwkdYawGudk rawGU&yg bk&m;/ wynfhawmfrwkYo d nfvnf; olwv dkY dk &[ef; b0cH,l&ef t&Sib f k&m;xHawmfarSmufokdY a&mufcJh &aMumif;ygbk&m;}} taemfZma'0D\ 0rf;enf;oHESifh avQmuf xm;csufukd jrwfpmG bk&m;Mum;&aomtcg0,f jrwf bk&m;uvnf; ...
çç
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
]]cspforD;taemfZm? oif\yg&rDjznfhzuf rif;BuD;wkYo d nfvnf; onft&yfrSmyJ &SMd uayw,f/ rMumrD cspforD;wkdYawGUjrifMu&rSmyg}} jrwfAk'¨u onfavmufyJ rdeYf Mum;NyD; opömav;yg; a[mMum;&m? taemfZma'0DESit hf aygif; ygwkYd aomwmyefwnfMuavawmh\/ r[muyÜed rif;BuD;ESihf trwfwo Ydk nfvnf; rdzk&m;rsm;ukd a[mMum;aomw&m;awmfukd emMum; &ojzifh y#dorÇd'gav;yg;ESihw f uG &[EÅmrsm;jzpfMu avawmh\/ rdzk&m;wkv dY nf; rif;BuD;wkt dY m; jrifMu &NyDjzpf\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ESifhwuG uyÜderif;BuD;ESifh &[ef;wpfaxmifwt dYk m; rdzk&m;BuD;ESifhtaygif;ygwkYd onf Munfh½IírNiD;Ekdiaf tmif o'¨gaZm[kef
wPSm&r®ufra&m,Sub f J yuwdMunfvifjzLpif rGejf rwfvSygayonf/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&PwkdY topfwpfzef jyefrjzpf&m acrmaomifurf; edAÁLeef;okdY
ïðð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ßµùÄ x Ò·®¼ åº ¿¬å¿±³¬ú¼§®º ³Í ®®µ¼å¿¯Ùø¬²³¿¶®÷ txufawmifurf;yg;,H&Sd apwDwpfqlqD u avjynfnif;\ rxdwxdwdYx k rd IaMumifh rvIyf wvIyf? vIwcf wfomG ;aom qnf;vnf;oHav; onf rMum;wMum;em;rSm 0ifívm\/ qnf;vnf;oHcsKdcsKdav;wkYo d nf bk&m;&dy?f w&m;&dyf\ qdwNf idrfat;csrf;jcif;ukd ykdrdak v;euf aponfh odrfarGUvSaom a&SUajy;wrefEId;aqmfoHyif jzpfawmhonf/ vQKdajrmifrsm;qDu vGifhyg;vmaom av nif;avajyajywGif wrm&eHYawGvnf; pD;arsmíyg vm\/ awmifwufvrf;rkdY twefi,farmyef;ae aomfjim;vnf; uRefrESpfoufaom tnmaEG\ arT;jraom wrmavat;at;aMumifh armyef;rIwkdY rS oufom&m&ygonf/ ]]armaeNyDvm; tar? tarhvufxJu ypön;f awG q&mav;ukday;ygvm; ...}} ]]aeygap orD;&,f? ukokdv'f geav;jyKzkYd &mrSm 'DcE¨mBuD;ukd ñSmwmaevkdY rjzpfygbk&m;}} uRefronf ppfukdi;f awmifajc&Sd edAEÁd ´acsmif wGif Oykof&uf&Snv f ma&mufaqmufwnfaeonfh tckduf ,aeYeHeuf apmapmwGif awmifurf;yg;,H txufbuf&dS bk&m;apwDrsm;ü oefY&iS f;a&;ukov kd f 'gejyKMu&ef oDv&Sifq&mav; racrmod*ÐESifhtwl wl;&Gi;f ? aygufjym;? wHjrufpnf; paom vkdtyfonfh ypön;f ud&, d mukd,pf Djzifh vmcJhMujcif;jzpfygonf/ uRefronf rMumcP þokdYOykof&uf &Snv f ma&mufaqmufwnfonfh tcgwkdif; txuf awmifurf;yg;,HaMum&Sd bk&m;apwDrsm;ukd wpfaeY vQif wpfq?l orD;oDv&Sifav;rsm;ESiht f wl oefY &Si;f a&; 'gejyKNrJjzpfygonf/ þoDv&SifacsmifrS wku d f tkyfjzpf aom
orD;BuD; rZ0eÚmPDESihw f uG orD;oDv&Siaf v;rsm; onf y&d,wåd? y#dywådt&mü awmfMuíukd,u f sifh odu©mESifhjynfhpHkMuolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ þoDv&Sifq&mav;rsm;onf trdtb wkdY r&SdMuawmholrsm;? rdbaqGrsKd;wkdYESifh a0;uGm aeolrsm;jzpfum uRefrrSmvnf; om;orD;r&S?d txD; usefolrYkd olwkYEd Sifh uRefrrSm arwåmvdkolESifh arwåm ay;a0olwdYyk rm tjyeftvSe&f if;ESD;cspfcif oHa,m ZOf ckdifrmvmcJh&ygonf/ olwkdYonf uRefr0rf;ESifh rvG,&f aomf vnf; &ifrSmwG,Nf idum om;orD;rsm;ESirfh dbozG,f jzpfae&ygonf/ uRerf vmvQif olwYadk ysmfí olwYEdk Sihf twlwuG oDwif;oDvaqmufwnf&onfh uRefr rSmvnf; pdw\ f csrf;ajrhjcif;ukd cHpm;&NrJ jzpfygonf/ uRef rwkdYonf awmifurf;yg;,Hxuf&dS ]]csrf;omBuD;?csr;f om&}}bk&m;\ tkwaf vSum;xpf rsm;ukd wa&GUa&GUwufvmMu&if; bk&m;\&ifjyif awmfay:okYd a&mufvmcJMh uygonf/ &ifjyifawmfay: ü BuD;rm;oyÜg,fawmfrlaom xHk;jzLjzLatmufcEH iS hf txufypö,HwYw dk iG f rSepf Da&TcsapwDawmfBuD;ukd zl; awGU&ygonf/apwD\ ta&SUbufwiG f *E¨uk#dwu dk f wnf&Sdum ¤if;a&SUwGirf lum; 0kdif;pufnDnmum pdr;f pkdtkyq f ikd f;vsuf&Sdaom wrmyifBuD;\atmuf wGif tyef;ajzem;ae&ef opfom;uGyfyspfwpfckukd vnf; awGU&ygonf/ xku d yG fyspfay:ü wrmyGihaf
ïðî
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
jzifh BudKvifhaeovkd pdwrf SmcHpm;rd\/ bk&m;a&SU&Sd yef;tkd;rsm;wGif wrmyGifh?wrm &Gufrsm;ESihf teD;tem;rSawmyef;? awmifyef;wkdYtm; vSL'gef;xm;onfukd awGU&NyD;? rnfrQMumavNyDrod? EGrf;ajcmufvsu&f Sdygonf/ ]]tar ..'Dyef;awGuawmh zk;d omxl;&JU tvSL'geyJjzpfvrd fhr,f/ olpdwMf unfvifwJhtcg 'Dvv kd LS wwfw,f}}[k q&mav;u uRefrukd ajym ygonf/ ]]aMomf ...orD;&,f? pdwu f kd tpkd;r& wJh pdwaf &m*ga0'emonfjzpfayr,fh vSL'gef;vkw d Jh pdwef JY uk;d uG,f&mukd 0k;d w0g;odaeao;wJh pdwf uav;u t½IH;xJu tjrwfayghbk&m;}} trsm;u ]zkd;omxl;}[k ac:Muaom t oufESpq f ,fausmf t&G,f pd waf 0'emonfav; onf þbk&m;y&d0kPftwGi;f rSm em;ckí d aexkdiu f m &Hzef&Hcgü olYukd þbk&m;ay:ü awGU&wwfNyD;? rsm;aomtm;jzifrh l awmifajcESiNfh rdKUwGif;okdY oGm;vm aewwfygonf/ uRefrwkYd Mum;od&orQ olonf txufAef;armfbufrSjzpfum? {&m0wDjrpftwGif; oabFmjzifh c&D;oGm;MupOf oabFmepfjrKyfí ol\ ZeD;ESihf &ifcGiyf kdufom;i,fav;wkdY qHk;yg;cJNh yD; olom vQif touf&Sif usef&pfí xkdaomu? y&da'0wkdY jzifh ,Of,Ofav;½l;&Smum tnma'ookdY vGifhvm cJholwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; od&&Sd ygonf/ ork',oHa,mZOfrS qufE, G jf zpfay:vm aom 'ku©a0'emrsm; jzpfygayonf/ ]]tara& ..'DrSmvmMunfhygOD;? vSvkduf wJh ½Icif;awG}} q&mav; acrmonf {&m0wDjrpfbuf&dS tkww f Hwdik f;teD;rS &yfum uRefrukd vSr;f atmfí ajymygonf/ uRefrvnf; olYteD;okdYa&muf&do S mG ;um awmifurf;yg;,HtjrifhrSaeí awmifajcrSm&pfacG pD;qif;aeaom {&m0wDukd vSr;f arQmfMunfhvdu k f
awmh? aomifrsm;xGe;f um oJaomifwYo dk nf aejcnf rSm aiG&nfjzifh azG;azG;vufvsu?f aomif,HajrEk uRef;rsm;ay:wGif oD;ESHpkdufcif; pdrf;pdrf;pkpd kdwdYo k nf avjynfESifhtwl ,drf;EGJUvsuf? jrpfjyifxufrSm aumif;uifjymESihf wdrfvyd fwkYd t&dyx f ifvsu?f oJ aiGaomifpyfwiG frl AsKdif;wpftyk fwYdk em;csnf? ysHcsnf/ tem;owfrmS awmh urf;ajcESifh yef;aA'grsm;/ Munfh jrifav&m&mrSm om,m½IarmzG,t f wd ../ awmawmifwpfckdrSmrl aEGOD;&moDa&muf cJNh yDrYdk pdr;f pkad omjry0grS 0if;0gaom a&Ty0godkY ajymif; vJvrT f;NcHKvsuf &Sad csNyD/ odkYaomf þonfrSmvnf; wpfcPrQom/ rMumrD tnmaEG rñSmwmav wwfaom aeyl&Sed af tmufrSm &Guf0gawGa
uRef rESifh q&mav;racrmod*ÐwkYo d nf aerylrD oefY&Sif;a&;'geukd pwifvkyaf qmifMuyg onf/yxrOD;pGm *E¨uk#w d u dk t f wGif; vSn;f usif;oefY pifapNyD;aemuf wpfzefbk&m;y&d0kPftwGif; NyD;cJh aomESpu f rkd;rsm;cJhí aygufa&muf&SifoefaeMu aom jrufyif? opfyifwu dkY kd ckwx f iG f&Sif;vif;Muyg onf/ jrufyif? aygif;yif? trIu d o f ½dkuw f u dkY kd tkwf wHwdik ;f \ tjyifbuf vQKdajrmifacsmufwdYw k iG f oGm;
ïðí
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
í pGefYypf&ygonf/ twefMumí NyD;vQifrl oefY&Si;f pifMu,f oGm;aom &ifjyifawmfukdMunfhí 0rf;omyDwdjzpfrd &ygonf/ ]]oefY&Si;f a&;'geu ..aemifb0rSm ½kyf &nfacsmarmapowJhtar? orD;wkdY vSOD;rSmaygh aemf}}[k q&mav;u &,farmum uRefrukd vSrf;í ajymygonf/ ]]orD;u 'D'ku©opömtrSefjzpfwJh cE¨m ZmwdBuD;ukd aemufwpfzefvdck siaf eao;wmvm;/ tarwkdY orD;wkdY aemifcE¨mZmwfodrf;NyD; at;Nidrf; EkdifzkdY BudK;pm;Mu&r,forD;a&}}[k uRefru jyef ajymvku d fygonf/ aetwef i,fjrifhcsd efrSmawmh uRefrwkYd tvkyfud k vufpowfum wrmyif&yd rf Smxkid í f orD; BuD; rZ0exnfhay;vku d f aom tqmajypm;&ef iSuaf ysmoD;ESirfh kew Yf Yu dk kd pm;íaeMuygonf/ {&m0wD jrpfwiG f; pkefqefomG ;vmckwfarmif;aeaom armf awmfbkwo f HwYu dk v kd nf; Mum;ae&ygonf/ uRefrwkYd 0ef ;usif ü wrmyGif ha
&wmayghu, G }f } uRefru qufvufí ... ]]orD;&,f...avmurSm tarSmifav;rsK;d &Sd owJh/ tJ'gawGuawmh vuG,n f ? oef;acgif,H? awmtkyBf uD;&JUtv,f? rkd;arSmifuscsdew f dYyk gyJ/ 'g ayrJh tJ'DtarSmifawG[m acwå,m,DomarSmif wwfwJh wpfcPtarSmif? w'*FtarSmifjzpfw,f/ xm0& tarSmifuawmh rodjcif; t0dZmÆ tarSmifyg yJ/ t&m&mrSm a0zefykdi;f jcm;wwfwJh 0dZmÆ ÚmPf tvif;ukd r&ol[m rsupf d&ad S omfvnf; rsupf Ed pS u f iG ;f tvif;r&olwkdY&JU b0vkd prf;w0g;0g;? trSm;awG? tukokdvw f &m;awGeJY t0dZmÆ e,fxJrSm arSmifrkduf aevdrfhr,f/ 'DcE¨mZmwdukd &&Sdvmwmukdu rodrI t0dZmÆ eJY om,mrIwPSmaMumifhygyJ/ b0wpfck&&Sd vmNyD;&if 0dZmÆ ÚmPftvif;ukd r&EkdiforQ t0dZmÆ tarSmifxJrSmyJae? tarSmifxJrSmyJ aoMu&w,f}} t0dZmÆ qkdwmuawmh 'ku©opöm? ork', opöm? eda&m"opöm? r*¾opömqkw d Jh opömav;yg; ukd rodjcif;ygyJ/ 1/ 'kau© tÚmPH = 'ku©jzpfaewmukd 'ku©vdYk rodwm t0dZmÆ ? 2/ 'ku© ork'a, tÚmPH = 'ku©jzpf jcif;taMumif;&if;ukd rodwm t0dZmÆ ? 3/ 'ku© eda&ma" tÚmPH = 'ku©cyfodrf; Nidrf;&mukd rodwm t0dZmÆ ? 4/ 'ku© ra*¾ tÚmPH = 'ku©cyfodrf; Nidrf;&m? csKyf&mjzpfaom edAÁmefokdYa&mufatmif ykdY aqmifEdkiaf Mumif; tusifah umif;ukd rodwm t0dZmÆ / 'gaMumifh tarwkY[ d m- 'ku© eda&ma"m edAÁmef? - wPSm eda&ma"m edAÁmef ? - cE¨m eda&ma"m edAÁmef? 'ku©cyfodrf; uif;Nidrf;&m? wPSm\uif; &m? ukef&m? aemifcE¨mZmwfodrf;NyD; at;Nidrf;&m jzpfwJh jrwfeAd Ámefukd odEkdif? jrifEdkif? rsufarSmufjyK
ïðì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
Ekid w f hJ 0dZmÆ ÚmPftvif;ukd &Ekid fzYkd BudK;pm;Mu&r,f/ edAÁmefoYkd rsufarSmufjyKEkid faom r*¾if(8)yg;? tusihf jrwfw&m;wkdY[m t&d,molawmfpifwkY&d JU jrifhjrwf rSeu f efaom w&m;ygyJ}} q&mav;onf uRefrajymMum;aeonf rsm;ukd ñId;i,faom rsuEf Smav;jzifh ta0;okYd ai; um em;axmifaecJh&mrS]][kwfygw,f tar&,f ? orD;b0 uvnf; jyefawG;Munfh&if awmfawmf&ifemp&m aumif;vSygw,f/ arhaysmufEikd fatmif w&m;"r®eJY BudK;pm;wJhMum;u wpfcgwpfcg rsufpx d JrSmjyefNyD; jrifa,mifaerd w,f/ orD;wkdY &Srf;jynf e,f rSm aomif;usef;olawG pk;d rkd;pOfwke;f uaygh tar&,f/ orD;&JU rdbESpyf g;ukd orD;rsufpda&SUrSmyJ aoewfeJY ypfowfomG ;Muw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdeu f orD;u pyg; usDxrJ Sm 0ifyke;f aecJhvYkd vGwo f Gm;cJ&h wm/ tJ'Dwke;f u orD;&JU toufu q,fESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f/ &GmOD; ausmif;u bBuD;bkef;BuD;u orD;ukd apmifha&Smuf xm;cJhygw,f/ aemuforD;t&G,fa&mufvmcsderf Sm uHaumif;axmufrvkYd ppfukdif;awmifu oDv&Sif q&mBuD;wpfyg; orD;wkdYqDudk a&muf&SdvmcJhwmrSm orD;vnf; tckvkd Ak'¨&JUorD;awmfjzpfvmcJh&wmyg yJ}} orD; racrm\b0u zkd;omxl;ES,f &if emzG,f BuHKcJh&ygonf/ xkdYtwl uRefr\ b0u vnf; rvSycJyh g/ uRefr\ b0tpwGif tm;ukd;&m? tm;xm;&m? rSDckd&mjzpfaom trdtb? cifyeG f;? om;orD;wkdYESihf omawmifhom,m jynfhpHkcJhyg\/ okdYaomf rarQmfvifhbJ tedpöw&m;\ jc,fvS,rf if; rlrIatmuf0,f olwkdYonf uRefrtm; avmut v,f txD;usefpGm wpfa,mufwnf; xm;&pfcJhMu \/ ]]yda,[d 0dyÜa,ma*g 'kau©m}}[lonfh cspfcifjrwfEkd;olwkdYESifh auGuGi;f &jcif; 'ku©onf uRefrtwGufrl olwumwkdY jzpfavh? jzpfx? jzpf
wwfMuonfxuf rkad rmufjynfhvQHaecJh\/ tem*wfb0twGuf arQmfrSe;f csufwdYk a0 a0qmqmjzifh ckdifrmvSNyD[k ,HkMunfukd;pm;cJhrdav orQ uHMur®maMumifh tNydKuGJBuD;NydKuGJc&hJ awmhonf/ tm;ukd;&mtppfr[kwfacswum; .../ 'ku©wYjdk zifh tNrJ,OS fwGaJ eaom cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;wkdYukd zufw, G í f oHo&mvnf&jcif; onf rckdifNrJaom iSuaf ysmazmifjzifh tEÅ&m,frsm; vSpmG aom ork'´&mukd jzwf&onfESifhwl\/ uRefrwkYd rdom;wpfpkrmS awmh b0ork'´&m jyifxufrSm azmufysufcJh&ygyaum .... uRefrwpfa,mufwnf;om urf;rjrif? vrf;rjrif b0ork'´&mjyifxufrmS EGrf;vstm;i,f pGm ul;cwfusef&pfcJh&mu ,ckawmh 'ku©cyfodrf; Nidr;f at;&m Ak'¨\ uRef;omurf;ajcrSm em;aecGi&fh cJh ygNyD/ ]]orD;a& ...q&mawmf t&SifqE´m"du (a&Tyg&rDawm&) a[mMum;awmfrlwhJw&m;awmfrSm tarwkd YwpfawG[m aA'gyifav;awGeJYwlowJh/ jrpfjyifxJu aA'gyifav;awG[m avaMumifhyJ aygif;qHk&ovkd avaMumifyh J uGu J GmoGm;Mu&w,f/ xkYt d wl oHo&mjrpfjyifxJu vlom;awG[mvnf; uHaMumifyh J qHq k nf;cGi&fh Muovkd uHaMumifyh J cGcJ Gm Mu&jyefw,f}} ]]aemufNyD; zk;d omxl;? tareJYorD;wkY[ d m udk,h&f JU rdom;pkawGtay:rSm ykxZk OfwdYk jzpfavhjzpf x&SdwwfMuwJhtwkid f; wPSm? udavomeJYw, G f wmNyD; oHa,mZOf&pfywfaESmifzGJUcMhJ uvkYd 'Dvkyd al vmif qif;&JcMJh u&wm/ at;jroefpY ifwhJ arwåmeJY cspfcMJh u &if 'DavmufcHpm;Mu&rSm r[kwb f l;/ arwåm&JU teuft"dyÜg,fu ]olwpfyg;tusKd;vkdvm;jcif;}vkdY qkyd gw,f/ ]eD;jcif;? a0;jcif;? ykid q f ikd f&jcif;? rykdifqikd f &jcif;? wHkYjyefrI&jcif;? r&jcif;wkdY tvQif;uif;aom wPSm&r®ufryg? apwemo'¨g w&m;oefYoefYcsnf; om cspfcifjrwfEd;k olwYx dk H pOfqufrjywf? wpforwf
ïðë
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wnf; ykv Yd w T Ef ikd faom cspjf cif;onfom arwåmjzpfyg w,f}} ]]tckawmh tarwku Yd olYtusK;d a&m ukd,hf tusKd;yg vkdvm;cJMh uw,f/ uk, d h&f JU ,k,MuifemrI awG? tm;ukd;,HkMunfrIawG ay;qyfEikd o f vk?d olYxH uvnf; tvm;wl wHkYjyefrIawG jyefvnf&,lvkd w,f/ ukd,&f ,lydik fqkdifvdw k m r&bJ qHk;½IH;oGm; awmh tarwkYd ylavmifcHpm;Mu&wmayghuG,}f } q&mav;onf uRefrajymMum;aeonf rsm;ukd pdwyf g0ifpm;pGm em;axmifvsu&f Sdygonf/ {&m0wDbufrS wkdufcwfvmaom avnif;ajyajy aMumifh at;jrjrcHpm;&ygonf/ tumtuG,frJhpmG jrpfjyifujd kzwfí wku d cf wfvmaom avonf oefYpif vwfqwfv\ S / ]]orD;vnf; w&m;&dyfompcef;awG rSm rMumcP0ifa&muftm;xkwfcJhzl;awmh txku d f tavsmuf em;vnfod&NSd yD;jzpfrSmyg bk&m;}} ]][kwyf gw,f/ em;vnfoifhoavmuf em;vnfc&Jh ygw,f/ tckvdk tarpdw&f Snv f uf&n S f ajymjyawmhvnf; rSwfom;em,l&wmaygh/ w&m; qkdwm tvHk;pHkoNd yD;? wwfNyD;? ykdw,fvdYk r&Syd gbl;? dif;rSm tar&,f r*Fvm&SdvSygw,f}} uRefronf avmu"H\ ½dkucf wfru I kd euf ½Idif;pGm cHpm;cJh&aom uRefrESihfb0wl q&mav; racrmod*t Ð m; uRerf rSwo f m;em,lxm;orQ w&m; "r®wkd Ytm; a0iSíaerdygonf/ Ak'\ ¨ w&m;"r®a'oemawmfwYt kd m; wpfOD; wpfa,muf\ [',ESvk;H tdrfxo J kdY pGNJ rJpmG a&muf&Sd wnf a eatmif yk dYa qmifa y;Ek di fjcif ;onf vnf ; omoemjyKjcif;wpfrsKd;rnfonf r[kwfygvm;/ ]]cE¨m&Sd&if 'ku©qkdwmuawmh wpfrsKd; r[kwfwpfrsKd; tNrJBuHKawGUaeMu&wmygyJ/ cE¨m& atmif t0dZmÆ eJYwPSmu t&if;cHw,f/ wPSm udavomrSeo f rQ?oHa,mZOfrSeo f rQ ork',opöm
ygyJ/ taMumif;ork',opömaMumifhjzpfaom cE¨m igyg;½kyfemrfw&m;awG[m tusKd;'ku©opömjzpfyg w,f}} ]]Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;uk d tapvuóy od Oönf;q&mBuD;u 'ku©eJYywfouf NyD; 'Dvkdar; avQmufcJhw,f .... 'ku©ukd - rdrdjyKwmvm;? - olwpfyg;jyKwmvm;? - rdrdESifh olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om; jyKwmvm;? - tvkv d kd jzpfwmvm;? tJ'v D dk ar;avQmufwht J cgrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; u taMumif;uif;íjzpfaom tusK;d r&Sd?taMumif; aMumifh tusK;d jzpfonf/twdwt f aMumif; ork', opömaMumifh ypöKyÜet f usK;d 'ku©opömjzpfonf/ ,ck b0'ku©onf twdwftaMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom ypöKyÜet f usK;d jzpfonf[k y#dpo ö rkyÜg'fESihw f uG &Sif;jy awmfrlcJhygw,f/}} ]]tck tarwkY&d &Sdykdifqkdifxm;wJh cE¨mBuD; [m twd wfuHtaMumif ;w&m;&JU pDrHrIa Mumifh b,fvdrk Q jiif;y,fvdYrk &Ekid fawmhwJh ypöKyÜet f usK;d vufveG cf E¨mBuD;ygyJ/ 'gaMumifhvnf; rnf;ol? jzL ol? vSyol? t½kyfqk;d ol? qif;&Jol? csrf;omol? uk, d v f uft*FgpHkol? rpHkol tzHzk u Hk GjJ ym; uHw&m;\ pDrH&m emcHMu&w,f/ 'gayr,fh tm;vHk;uawmh 'ku&© JUom;aumif? 'ku©&UJ wnf&mrS&D mawGcsn;f ygyJ}} ]]trd0rf;rSm cE¨mZmwd&&S?d y#doaE¨aepOf upvkY d 'kuo © pömu ,SOw f yJG gvmcJNh yD;om;jzpfygw,f/ 'ku©awG trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk&SdwJhteuf 'ku©trsKd;tpm; oHk;rsKd;cGJjcm;xm;w,fvdYk tarrSwo f m;em,l cJhzl; ygao;w,f/ tJ'DoHk;rsKd;uawmh(1) ocFg&'ku© cE¨mig;yg; ½kyef mrfw&m;wkYt d ay:ü pOf qufrjywf w&pyfjzpfysufajymif;vJaeaom jzpf ysuf'ku©?
ïðê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
(2) 'ku© 'ku© 'kut © ay:rSm 'ku©qifjh cif;? cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;wkdYwiG f&daS om jzpfysuf'ku©tay:rSm zsm;emjcif;? udkufcjJ cif;? temaygufjcif;paom tykd wkd;vmonfh 'ku©? (3)0dy&dPmr 'ku© azmufjyefajymif ;vJvmaom 'ku©? jzpfysucf E¨mBuD;[m touft&G,t f vkduf tkdrif; ,dk,iG f;um qHjzL? oGm;usKd;? cg;ukdi;f ? rsufprd Ie?f yg;a&wGefY? tkdrif;rpGrf;jzpfum aemufqkH;aoaMu ysufpD;&wJhtxd azmufjyefwJh tked mao'ku©? tJ'D'ku©oHk;rsKd;teuf 'ku©'kue© YJ 0dy&dPmr 'ku©wYu kd awmh tarwkY?d orD;wkdY cE¨m&Sdolwidk f; od& r,fh 'ku©? awGU&r,fh'ku©awGjzpfNyD;? ocFg&'ku©u awmh ½IrSwyf Gm;rsm;&r,fh jzpfysuf'kua© wGygyJ/ tJ'D vkd tpOfjzpfysuaf jymif;vJaewJh cE¨mxJu t&Sd w&m;? trSefw&m;awGudk ynmÚmPfeJYapmifhMunfh ½IrSwMf u&r,f/ cE¨mt&Su d kd ÚmPftodeJY ½IrSwyf mG ; rsm;jcif;[m jrwfAk'¨&JU owdy|mef0dyóembm0em w&m;ygyJu, G f}} [k;d ...,ciftcsed rf sm;qDu uRefronf uRefrESifhywf0ef;usif&Sd ywfoufqufE, G cf JhorQ aom ouf&do S ufrJh½ky0f w¬Kypön;f wkdYtm; twåESifh twåe, d ? igESifhighOpöm (igykid fqkdifaomt&m)[k pGNJ rJ rSw, f cl rJh \ d / wpfoufwmtwGuf tm;ukd;tm; xm;&mtjzpf tykid fwu G x f m;cJrh d\/ wu,fwrf;rSm rl rykdifpdk;Ekdifaom tewåoabmrQomwnf;/b0 ZmwfcHkay:u uHBudK;qGJq&m\ tvkdus ujyMu& aom ½kyaf o;½kyw f dYo k mwnf;/ tm;uk;d &mrJrh Syif uRefr pGv J rf;wG,Nf idchJav orQwkYo d nf xm0&tm;ukd;í r&rSe;f odem;vnfcJh \/ xkdtcgrSyif tm;ukd;&mtppfukd &Smrdawmhonf/ cE¨mwnf;[laom avmifpmxif;aMumifh udavomrD;avmifjcif; jzpfayonf/ avmifpmodr;f í rD;Nidrf;&efrSm 0dyóema&pifjzifh Nidrf;owfrS
&ygvdrrhf nf/jrwfAk'\ ¨ w&m;"r®onfom 'kuc© yford ;f uif;Nidrf;&mtppf? tm;ukd;&mtrSefjzpfygayonf/ [k;d ..cyfa0;a0;&Sd vQKdajrmifacsmufMum;qD u OMoiSuif ,fwpfaumif\ av;wGJUwJGUESihf vGrf; vGrf;aqG;aqG; wGeaf
ïðé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
Ƴ©«¿Ó«å®Øµ OD;awmf0if owå0gawG[m b0cE¨m ukd vGefpGmcifw, G Mf uovkd ao qHk;&rSmuk d v nf; tif rwef aMumuf&HUx G w d v f efw Y wfMuygw,f/ &Sio f efaewJhtouf[m owå0g wkdif;twGuf wefzkd;rjzwfEkdifwJh Opöm"ewpfckyg/ tJ'&D wemxJrmS olY&JU twkdif;tqr&Sd BuD;yGm;wkd; wufEidk frIeJY tuefYtowfrJhwJh tem*wfawGuvnf; ckd0ifw, G f uyfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh owå0g wpfOD;tzkYd toufukd qHk;½IH;vkduf &wm[m t&mtm;vHk;ukd vuf vTwv f ku d &f wmeJY twlwyl Jjzpfyg w,f/ touf u kd owf wm [m b0ukd vk,ufckd;,lwm? tem*wfuk d jzwf awmufypf&m a&mufwmrkYd tif rwef&uf puf Murf;MuKwfNyD; udk,cf si;f pmw&m; tuif;rJhq;Hk 'kp½dkufjypfrIwpfckjzpf ygw,f/ olYtoufukd owfjzwf rI[m b,fvdt k aMumif;jycsuf rsK;d eJYrQ w&m;rQwrI r&Sdygbl;/ owå0gwpfOD;OD;[m towfjzwf cHvku d f&NyDqkw d meJY olY&JUBudK;pm; tm;xkwrf Itm;vHk; qdwo f kO;f oGm; NyD; b0wkd;wufrIvrf;pOf [m vnf; jywfpcJ sKyfNidr;f oGm;ygawmh w,f/ 'g[m owå0gwpfOD;&JU arG;&mygtcGiht f a&;eJY tem*wf
tcGifhtvrf;ukd rw&m;½dkucf sKd; zsuq f D;ypfvu dk w f myJ jzpfygw,f/ ,kwrf mwJh pdwt f vku d kd rESdrfcsK;d Ekid v f Ydk yufpufwhJ apwem eJY olYtoufud k owfjzwfrdolawG u towfcH&wJholawG&JU vuf pm;acsvkdwJh trke;f &efNidK;eJYtwl b0&maxmifcsDwJhtxd 0#fvdu k f apr,fh ]ygPmwdygw}tukodv k f rsKd;aphukd ysKd;rdvku d fwmyJjzpfyg w,f/ tJ'DrsK;d aphawGu tyif aygufvmwJhtcgrSmawmh jzpfav &mb0rSm (1) uk, d v f uft*FgrpHk jcif;? (2)½ky&f nfrvSyjcif;? (3)cGef tm;Avenf;yg;jcif;? (4)vsijf ref zswv f wfrIr&Sdjcif;? (5)aMumuf &GHUwwfjcif;? (6)towfcH&jcif;? (7) tema&m*grsm;jcif;? (8)ta>c t&HrhjJ cif;? (9)toufwdjk cif;pwJh tqG,t f yGm;qk;d usKd;awGukdyg &&Sd cHpm;&ygawmhw,f/ ygPmwdygw tukov kd f uH[ m jypf r Iu ,k wf r mo avmuf jypf'Pfuvnf; &uf pufqkd;0g;vSygw,f/ olYtouf owfrI 'kp½dkuw f &m;&JU t&Sdet f [kef[m jypfrIvGefusL;olawG&JU yk*¾vu d b0uk domru urÇm avmu&JU Mueftifukdyg xdcdkuf epfemapcJyh gw,f/ urÇmOD;umv u vkdcsifrI? qmavmifrIeJY tkd rif;rI&,fvdYk tema&m*g(3)rsKd; om &SdcJhwhJ vlaY vmu[m owå0g awG&JU tom;ukd owfjzwfpm; aomufrI tukodkvu f HaMumifh
ïðç
temrsKd; (96)yg;txd wk;d yGm;vm cJhNyD; uyfBuD;oHk;yg;vnf; ay: aygufvmcJ&h ygawmhw,f/ vlb Y kH avmu&JU ouf wrf;rnDrQrIeJY oufwrf;rwnfNrJrIawG&UJ t"du w&m;cH[m ygPmwdygw = olY toufowfrI tukov kd u f HyJ jzpf ygw,f/ olYtoufowfrIeJY pyf NyD; pOf;pm;qifjcifp&m? oHa0* oifcef;pm ,lzG,f&maumif;wJh Zmwfawmfwpfckukd ajymjycsiyf g w,f/tJ'DZmwfawmf[m Zmwu t|uxm yxrwJG?{uuedygwf? oDv 0*f rSmygNyD; rwubwå trnf&wJh Zmwf0w¬Kwpfckjzpfyg w,f/
¯¼©º©°º¿«³·ºúÖÇ ·µ¼¶½·ºåá úôº¶½·ºå a&S;wke;f u Am&mPoD jynfrSm aA'ifoHk;yHkudk wpfzuf urf;cyfwwfwhJ ykPÖm;BuD;wpfO;D &Sd cJzh l;w,f/ tJ'yD kPÖm;BuD;[m wpf aeYrSmawmh ]rwubwf}vkdYac: wJh aovGefoGm;ola wGtwGuf &nfpl;NyD; ukokdvt f vSLyGJwpfck jyKvkyzf Ykd qdww f pfaumifukd 0,f ,lvmcJhowJ/h aetd r f a &muf wJ ht cg wynfah wGukd ac:,lum ]'Dqdwf ukd jrpfqdyrf Sm a&csKd;NyD; yef;eHYom awGeJY ylaZmfacsMu}}vkdY apckid f; vku d fygw,f/wynfah wGuvnf; ykPÖm;BuD;apckdi;f wJhtwkdif; qdwf
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ukd jrpfqdyfrSm a&csKd;ay;um yef; uHk;ukd vnfrSmpGyfNyD; jrpfurf;eH ab;rSm acwåcPcsnaf ESmifxm; Muygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsderf SmyJ qdwBf uD; [m woGifoiG pf D;qif;aewJh jrpf a&tvsOfukd pkduMf unfhae&if;u oHo&mwpfciG frSm usifvnfcJh& pOfu awGUBuHKcJh&wJh b0jzpfpOf awGudk Zmwd ó&ÚmPfeJY jyef vnfqifjcifodjrifum [uf[uf yufyuf &,farmvkdufovkd? csKH; yGJcsNyD;awmhvnf; ikda
vmcJyh gw,f/ ykPÖm;BuD;? ig[m vnf ; wcsd efwkef;u oif hvd k aA'ifok;H yHu k d k wwfuRr;f wJh ykPmÖ ; wpfa,mufjzpfcJhw,f/tJ'DaA'if usrf;awGu ñTefMum;wJhtwkdif; igvnf; qdww f pfaumifukd owf NyD; rwubwfvLS cJzh l;w,f/tJ'D tukov kd u f HaMumifh ig[m av; &mudk;q,fhu;kd b0vHk; acgif;jzwf NyD; towfcHcJh&w,f/ tckb0 [m aemufqkH;ig;&mjynfhajrmuf wJh b0yJ/ 'Db0NyD;&if ig[m 'D tukodv k u f HtusK;d ay;uae vGwf NyD? uRwfNyDyJ/ tJ'gukd owd&0rf; ajrmufvYdk ig [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmcJrh w d ,f/'gayr,fh ykPmÖ ; BuD;[m 'DaeY ighukdowfNyD; ighvydk J b0ig;&mywf vHk; acgif ;jzwf towfc&H r,fh 0#fqif;&JBuD;eJY BuHK awGU&awmhr,f/ 'gukd awG;rd awmh ykPmÖ ;BuD;udk oem;wmeJY pdwrf aumif;jzpfveG ;f vkYd igcsKH;yGcJ s idrk w d myg}}vkYd jyefvnf&iS f;jyw,f/ tJ'Dtcg ykPmÖ ;BuD;u ]]qdwBf uD;? pdwrf ylygeJ?Y raMumuf ygeJY? ig[m oifhukd rowfawmh ygbl;}}vkYd ajymjyw,f/ 'gayr,fh qdwBf uD;u ]]ykPÖm;BuD;? oif owfowf? rowfowf? 'DaeY [m ihg&J U aoaeYy J/ aorif ; vuf uawmh igrvGwaf jrmufygbl;}}vkYd ajymjyefygw,f/ tJ'Dtcg ykPmÖ ; BuD;u ]]toifqdwBf uD;? vHk;0 raMumuf&HUG ygeJY/ igh&JUwynfhawG u oifhukd 0kdi;f 0ef;apmifha&Smuf
ïïð
ygPmwdygw tukokv d fuH[m jypfrIusL; vGeNf yD;&if wpfcsdefcsdefrSm jypfrI usL;vGew f o hJ lqDukd jyefvmrSm taotcsm ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ jzpfygw,f/ Muygvdrrhf ,f}}vkYd ESpford yfh gw,f/ ]]ykPÖm;BuD;? oifh&JU tapmifh ta&SmufawGu tm;enf;vSygw,f/ igh&JU tukokdvu f awmh tifrwef tm;BuD;w,f}}vkYd qdwBf uD;u jyef ajymygw,f/ ykPÖm;BuD;u qddwBf uD; &JU touftEÅ&m,fukd pdk;&drw f m rkdY wynfhawGudak c:xm;NyD; tNrJ wrf ; twl wlo Gm ;vmapum apmifha&Smufxed ;f odr;f xm;ygw,f/ wpfaeYawmh qdwBf uD;[m ykPmÖ ; BuD;vTwfxm;wJh pm;usufxJu ausmufzsmBuD;ay:rSm uyfNyD;ayguf aewJh csKHykwu f opf&u G fawGudk pm;zkdY vnfyif;ukdqefYum vSrf;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
qGJvkdufygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsed rf SmyJ ½kww f &ufypfcsvdu k fwJh rk;d BudK; [m ausmuf zsmBuD; ukd xdum ausmufvTmwpf ck[m t&Sd efeJY uGmxGufNyD; qefYwef;aewJh qdwf BuD;&JU vnfyif;ukd jzwfomG ;yg w,f/ vlawG[m qef;Mu,f vGef;vSwJh tJ'Djzpf&yfukd wpfpk wa0;BuD;vma&mufMunf h½IMu ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsed u f bk&m;t avmif;awmf [m tJ' Dt&yfrSm ½ku©pdk;ewfrif;jzpfaewmrkYd 'Djzpf &yfukd taMumif;jyKNyD; vltrsm; ukd ygPmwdygwuH&UJ tjypfawG ukd aumif;uifrSm udk,x f ifjyum w&m;a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ y&dowf taygif;vnf ; bk&m; tavmif; ½kup© ;d k ewfrif;BuD;a[m Mum;wJh w&m;a'oemukd emMum; &NyD; olYtoufowfjcif;rS t oufxufqkH; a&SmifMuOfMuum ewfjynfoYkd a&mufukeMf uygw,f/ 'D Zmwf a wmf a v;[m olwpfyg;toufukd rqifrjcif? rñSmrwm vG,v f , G ef JY owf jzwfaeMuolawG&JU ESvHk;om;eJY todÚmPfud k wpfpHkwpf&m tusK;d ouf a&muf aprSmuawmh rvGJ {uefyJjzpfygw,f/ olYtouf owfjzwfrI[m MopaMw;vsEkid if H rSm&SdwJh tabm&D*sif ;wkdif;&if; om;awG toHk;jyKavh&dw S hJ ]]bl;r &if;}}vufeufeYJ Oyrmwlygw,f/ tJ 'Dvufeuf[m usiw f , G yf o kH P²mef
cyfauG;auG;av;jzpfum vufeJY wtm;vTJNyD; ypf vkd uf wJhtcg t&Sdet f [keef JY ajy;xGuo f mG ;NyD; aemuf ypfwho J q l Dukd wpfzef jyef vmygw,f/ tJ'Dvydk gyJ/ ygPmwdyg w tukokdvu f H[m jypfrIusL; vGefNyD;&if wpfcsdecf sderf Sm jypfrI usL;vGefwJholqDukd jyefvmrSm taotcsm ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DpMu0VmtwGi;f rSm jzpf ysufaewJhtaMumif ;tusKd ; w&m;awG[m puf0kdi;f yHkoP²mef vnfywfaewmrkdY tvSnht f Budrf aphwmeJY jyefNyD;awGUBuHKMu&rSmyg/ 'gayr,f h wpfck&S dwmuawmh tukokdv'f kp½dkufrI jyKvkycf sderf Sm &TifjrL;csKdNrdecf JholawG[m tuk okdvf 'kp½dkuf&JUtusKd ;ay;udk cHpm;vufcH&csderf Smawmh cg;oD; aMuuGMJ u&rSmyg/ ,Ofaus;NyD; t odÓPftqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vS wJh ,ckacwftcsed t f cgrSm olY touf owfrIqk w d m b,f vkd taMumif;jycsufrsKd;eJYrQ rjyKvky?f rusL;vGefoifhwJh &ufpufMurf; MuKwfrI wpfckjzpfygw,f/ wu,f a wmh ]olYud k owfjzwf? oufwdkwwf? rowf touf&Sn}f qkw d m r½dk;ra[mif; Ekid fwhJ urÇmeh , d mrw&m;BuD;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ OD;awmf0if
ïïï
§¨® ¿úÌ«-·º¯ú³¿©³º ¾µú³åÞ«åÜ Ä Ó±ð¹ù¿©³º®-³å ßÜÓÑÒ×Ì×ÑÒ ÞÇ Ú×ÎÍÌ ÍØÉÛÙÇ×Ò ÍßÇßÜßÉ
vlaumif;onf t½l;ESifh NydKifí t0wfrvpfaumif;/ ß ¹±±¼ ³¿² -¸±«ó ´¼ ²±¬ ®»³¿·² ²¿µ»¼ ¿- ¿ ³¿¼ ³¿² ¼±»-ò
olawmfaumif;onf rol awmfESif hNyd Kif í a'gorjzpf aumif;/
ß ¹»²¬´»³¿² -¸±«´¼ ²±¬ -¸±© ¿²¹»® ¿- ¿ ³¿¼ ³¿² ¼±»-ò
usifBuD;onf aEG;onf jzpfap? at;onfjzpfap &GzH G,f omwnf;/ ͬ±±´ ·- ´±¿¬¸ó -±³» ©¸»¬¸»® ·¬ ·¸±¬ ±® ½±±´ò
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf &cJ? BuHKcJvSonfh 'kvbw&m; ig;yg;ukd (okwo f Dvu©e?f |-47) wGif ]]bdua© 0 tyÜrma'e orÜm 'x?'kva bm Ak'K¨ yÜga'g avmu o®ð? 'kva bm rEkówåy#dvm abm? 'kvbm o'¨gorÜw?åd 'kv bm yAÁZmÆ ?'kvbH o'¨r®ó0eEÅ}d } [k a[mawmfrlcJhygonf/ bd u©a 0-cspfo m;wk dY? tyÜrma'e-rarhMuESifh? orÜma' x-jynfhpHkMuukeaf vmh/ avmu o®ð-avmuoHk;jzmü? Ak'¨KyÜga'gbk&m;&SifwkYd yGifhjcif;onf? 'kv abm-jzpfay:cJaom t&mjzpfyg ay\/ bd u© a0-cspf o m;wkd Y? avmuo®ð-avmuoHk;yg;ü? rEkówåy#dvmabm-vlYtjzpfukd vnf ; ? 'k v a bm-&cJ a y\/ bdu©a0-cspfom;wkY?d avmuo®ðavmuoHk;yg;ü? o'¨gorÜwd-å & wemoH;k yg;ukd ,HkMunfonfh o'¨g w&m;ESifh jynfhpHkzdYrk Smvnf;? 'kv bm-&cJvSay\/ bdu©a0-cspf
ú½Öá Ò®Ö½Ö ±²ºÛÍ°º½Ö ©Ðͳ»²ºå« ®ªÙÖú 'if;ykef;t&Sifr@v (qifaygif0J)
om;wkYd? avmuo®ð-avmuoHk; yg;ü? yAÁZ-Æ toGifwifhqef; &Sif &[ef;tjzpfonfvnf;?'kvbm&cJ? NrJcJvSay\/ bdu©a0-cspf om;wkdY? avmuo®-ð avmuoHk; yg;ü?o'¨ró ® 0eH-olawmfaumif; w&m; emMum;&zdkYrSmvnf;?'kv bH-&cJvSay\ ponfjzifh 'kv bw&m;ig;yg;taMumif;ukd rarh MuzkdY owday;a[mMum;xm;ay \/ xkdig;yg;wkw dY iG f yAÁZw dÆ bm0 'kvb- &Sif&[ef;tjzpf&cJ aMumif;rSm omvGeí f yif cufcJ vdrfhrnf[k ,lq&ayonf/ Ak'¨
ïïî
bmoma,mufsm;av;rSeo f rQwkYd onf i,fpOfuwnf;uyif &Sif omraP0wfcJhzl;olwkdYom rsm; Muyg\/ rd bbkd ;bGm;tquf qufuyif t&G,af &mufvmMu onfh om;i,f? ajr;i,fav;rsm; ukd &SifomraPjyKí omoemh abmif ok Yd oGwfoGi f ;um csD; ajrSmufcJhMuyg\/ xko d Ykd jyKvkyo f nfh &nf &G,cf sufrSm ukokd vf&zkd Ywpf ck wnf;r[kwyf g/ 'kvb w&m; ig; yg;&Sdonfhteuf (1)Ak'K¨ yÜg' 'kv b (2) rEkówå 'kvb (3) o'¨gorÜwdå 'kvb (4)o'¨r®ó
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
0e 'kvb tp&Sdonfh av;rsKd; rSm &cJonfqakd omfvnf; twdwf uHaumif;cJhMuí ,ckypöu©b0 rSm txl;tm;rxkwf&bJESihf &&Sd aeMuavNyD/ yAÁZw dÆ bm0 'kvbrSm um; txl;qnf;yl;tm;xkwjf znfh pGrf;rSom &Ekdifyg\/ xkYad Mumifh Ak'¨bmom0ifuav;wkid f;ukd i,f pOftcgupí &SifomraPjyKay; jcif;onf &cJonfh 'kvbw&m; ig;yg;vHk; pkHvifpGm &&SdoGm;atmif jyKvkyaf y;jcif; jzpfonf[k qkdEikd f yg\/ ,ckuo Jh Ykd odyx ÜH eG ;f um; aom acwfwiG frl avmuDynm ukd OD;pm;ay;aeMuí &Sio f mr aPb0wGif MumMumraeEkdio f l awGu rsm;vmygonf/ bke;f BuD; ausmif;rsm;\ tcef ;u@wkdY onfyif ,cifuESihf EIdif;,SOf Munfhrnfqykd gu ykí d usO;f ajrmif; vmoa,mif/ &Sio f mraPjyKzkdY &ufowfrw S &f onfuyif avmuD pmayausmif;ydw&f ufukd OD;pm; ay; a&G;cs,fae&yg\/ rMumcif &Sifv id f jyef xGufrnfh ukd&ifav;rsm;tzkYd qGr;f ? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;wkdYü qif jcif&efEiS hw f uG vdiq f ,fyg;?'Pf q,fyg;? aocd,? cE¨u tp&Sd onfh usifh0wfrsm;ukd oifMum; ay;aezkdY tcsderf &Muay/ rdbu om;orD;ukd csD; jrSihaf jrmufpm;onfhenf;uvnf;
oHk;enf;&Syd gonf/ (1)a&TaiGv,f ,m ponfh Opömay;í csD;ajrSmuf onfhenf;? (2) avmuDtwwf ynmrsm; oifMum;ay;í csD;jrSihf ajrSmufpm;onfhenf;?(3)omoemh abmif 0ifapí ypönf ;av;yg; axmufyhaH y;um cs;D jrSiho f nfhenf; wkdY jzpfMuygonf/ eHygwfwpfjzpfonfh Opöm a&TaiGay;í csD;jrSifhonfhenf;onf um; tnHhqHk; csD;jrSifhenf;jzpfyg \/ eHygwfESpfjzpfonfh avmuD twwfynmrsm;oifay;í csD;jrSihf onfhenf;uvnf ; tvwf pm; omjzpfygao;onf/ eHygwfoHk;jzpf onfh omoemhabmif0ifapum ypön;f av;yg; axmufyhaH y;í csD; jrSihaf jrSmufpm;onfh enf;uom avmuoHo&m ESpjf zmvHk;twGuf Ak'¨BudKufonfh taumif;qHk;csD; jrSihaf jrSmufpm;onfhenf; jzpfyg onf/ csif;pk&mG ausmif;xkdif q&mawmf b'´EÅpaE´mbmou trdeY&f zSd ;l ygonf/ ]]rdbu qif;&J NyD; pm;0wf a ea&;csKd U wJ honf h aumifav;rsm; ighausmif;a&muf vmNyD; ouFe;f 0wfay;vkdufvQif ouFe;f 0wfESihf NrJMuw,f/vlcsrf; om om;rsm;uawmh rNrJMubl;}} [k trdeY&f zSd l;ygonf/ xkdpum;onf tcgtm; avsmfpmG rSefEkdifvrd fhrnfr[kwf aomfvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifhrl rSeo f nfu rsm;ygvdrfhrnf/ t
ïïí
b,fhaMumifhqkdaomf xkdq&mawmf BuD; ausmif;wGif qif;&Jonfh rdbwkYrd S arG;zGm;onfhuav;rsm; ESifh rdbrJhuav;rsm; i,fpOfu wnf;u a&muf&daS eMuum xkdrS wpfqifh &[ef;b0a&muf&So d mG ; MuNyD; xkt d 0wfEiS hf NrJaeMuvsuf ,aeYxufwkid f omoemhwm0ef ukd xrf;aqmifaeMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ xkq d &mawmfBuD; trde&Yf o d S uJo h Yd k qif;&Jom; om;orD; rsm;u ouFe;f 0wfESiNhf rJMuolrsm; NyD;? vlcsrf;omom;orD;rsm;u tb,fah Mumifh ouFe;f 0wfEiS rfh NrJ wwfMuoenf;/ uREfkyfwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; ocifonf umr*kPif g;yg; tm½Hk w&m;wkdY\ tjypfukd a[majym jyoum y,fzsufcidk f;avh&d\ S / avmuDe,fvo l m;wkt dY wGuf ig; yg;oDv? &SifomraPwkYt d wGuf q,fyg;oDvom xde;f ckdif;xm; aomfvnf; &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuf rl ESp&f mhESpfq,fckepfo, G faom odu©myk'frsm;jzifh jyif;xefpmG csKyf cs,fxm;\/ tqif hqif ha om tjypf'PfwYu kd v kd nf; owfrw S í f xm;\/ aiGa Mu;wwfEk dif onf h olrsm;ESihf ¤if;wk\ Yd om;orD;rsm; u tm½Hak xGjym; umr*kPfw&m; ig;yg;vHk;ukd vkdupf m;vku d tcsed f ra&G; vkdufpm;EkdiMf u\/ rdrdwkYd wGif jynfhppHk GmcHpm;pHpm;ae&aom xkad vmuDtm½Hkrsm;ukd cHkrifw, G f
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
rufaeorQ ¤if;wkdYESihaf 0;&m &Sif &[ef;tjzpfukd ESpfvdw k , G w f mEkid f Murnf r[kwfay/ qif;&Jom;ESifh ¤if;wkdY\ om;orD;rsm;rSmvnf; avmuD tm½Hkw&m; umr*kPfig;yg;ukd cHpm;pHpm;vkdMuonfh umr*kPf e,fom;rsm;yif jzpfyg\/ okYad omf ¤if;wkrdY Smum; pm;zkYt d m½Hkwpfckukd yif tvsOfrDatmif BudK;pm;um vIy&f Sm;½kef;uefae&onfhtwGuf tjcm;tm½HkwkdYukd trsm;tm;jzifh xdef;csKyfxm;&vGef;aomaMumifh usifhom;&aeum &[ef;b0wGif aexkdif& rcufcJ[efwlygonf/ tcsKyftm;jzifhqkd&ygrl &[ef;tjzpfukd &zkdY? NrJzkdYudpöwiG f qif;&Jcsrf;omqkdonfrSm t"du udpör[kwyf g/ omrnomjzpfyg onf/ wPSmumr*kPfrsm;ukd tm½Hkrxm;? rpGJvrf;bJ y,fjzwf EkdifzkdYonfom t"duudpöjzpfyg onf/ omoemawmfBuD; t"GeYf &Snpf nfyifxeG f;um;í ypönf; av;yg;rvkdtyf&atmif vSL'gef; vkdonfh o'¨gpdwEf Sifh &[ef;0wf vko d nfh o'¨gpdwu f vnf; uGJjym; ygao;onf/ aiGaMu;wwfEikd Nf yD; o'¨gpdw&f Sdol tawmfrsm;rsm;wkdY onf omoemawmfBuD;twGuf vkt d yf aom ypön;f av;yg;ESihf wuG tjcm;umv'gewku Y d yd k g jynfph kH &atmif axmufyHhvSL'gef;Muyg \/
okdYaomf xkyd k*¾dKvfwYEkd Sifh ¤if;wkdY\ om;orD;rsm;onf om oemhabmif0ifí omoemhwm0ef wkdYukd xrf;aqmif&ef&moufyef &Sif&[ef;jyKMuzkYu d dkrl tawmfpOf; pm;Muayvdrrfh nf/tb,fhaMumifh qkad omf o'¨gw&m;&Syd gaomfvnf; jynfhpHkpmG cHpm;ae&onfh wPSm tem;uvnf; rcGm&ufEikd fatmif jzpfaeMuíyif/ rdwaf qGwpfOD;url ig; &mig;q,f? 'kuedygwf? AE¨em*g& ZmwfwiG fvmonf h ud avom aESmiftrd t f aMumif;zwfNyD; ouFe;f 0wfvk o d nf qkdum ausmif ;okYd a&mufvmygonf/ xkdrw d af qGukd vufcu H m 0wfay;oifh ray;oifh tawmfpOf;pm;ae&yg\/¤if;onf ,cifuvnf; &[ef;abmifwuf cJhzl;\/ xkdpOfuvnf; acwår [kwfbJ xm0&0wfawmhrnfvdk vkdESifh aemufawmh wpf0gyifrqkd EkdifbJ vljyefxu G foGm;ygawmh onf/ ¤if;onf vlysKdb0u vnf; ouFe;f 0wfvo d k jzifh ausmif; okdY a&mufvmcJhzl;ygonf/ þ wGif pma&;olu rdbtkyx f ed ;f ol rsm; cGifhjyKrS 0wfay;&aMumif; &Sif;vif;ajymjyNyD; rdb\cGifhjyK csu&f ,lzdY&k ef jyefvw T fvdu k f&m aemufxyf ay:rvmawmha y/ aemifEpS w f iG frl tdrq f kdonfah xmif BuD;xJ vGwf&uf r&SdusoGm;í om;wpfa,mufESif h orD;wpf
ïïì
a,mufxeG f;um;um pD;yGm;a&; uvnf; tqifajyaeMuojzifh ouFef;0wfvko d nfh Zmwfvrf; wpfcef;&yfomG ;NyD[k xifcJhrdyg onf/ okd Y a omf v nf ; td r f axmifouf ESpfEpS q f ,fcefYtwGif; ouFe;f 0wfvo dk nfqu kd m ausmif; okdY av;ig;Budraf &mufvmzl;NyD;? &[ef;b0okYd wpfBudr?f uk&d ifBuD; b0okw Yd pfBudrf aygif;ESpfBudr0f wf cJzh ;l olvnf; jzpfygonf/ okaYd omf ¤if;wGif wPSmESifh,SOo f nfh oH a,mZOfBudK;trQiw f Yu kd rjywfEikd f bJ aemuf wGifwef ;vef;jzpfae aomaMumifh tqkdygwPSmBudK; rsm;u jyefvnfqJaG c:vku d fonfh tcg ausmif;a&mufNyD;cgrS jyef ygoGm;wwfjyefygonf/ ok d Y twG u f ¤if ; tm; onftBudrfwGifvnf; ouFef; 0wfay;zkdYtwGuf tawmfyifpOf; pm;ae&onf[k qkd&jcif;jzpfyg onf/¤if;onf pdwn f pfít&uf aomufjcif;rl r&Sdyg/ pdwn f pf vQif ausmif;okdYom a&mufvm wwfygonf/ aq;vdy?f uGr;f ,m yif vHk;0roHk;aqmifyg/ rl;,pf aopmESifh avmif;upm;rIyg uif; aomfvnf; vla wmfvlaumif ; [kvnf; qkdí&rnfrxifyg/ t b,fhaMumifhqkad omf ZeD;r,m; ESifh rMunfomMuí uGJumG aeMu onfu h mv? wPSm&m*\ ESyd fpuf rI'PfrcHEkid fjzpfum orD;om;
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
rsufESmraxmufxm; rñSmEkdif awmhb?J aemufr,m;,lomG ;jcif; u pOf;pm;p&mrvkdbJ wPSmt vkdukd tawmfvu kd fpm;cJyh krH Sm xif &Sm;ygonf/ ¤if;zwfcJh&onfh Zmwf vrf;\ t"d utaMumif;wkdYukd tenf;i,fazmfjy&aomfAm&mPoDjynf jA[® 'wfrif;vufxufwiG f jzpfyg\/ Ak'¨tavmif;awmfonf rdbrsm; uG,fveG favaomf &[ef;0wfí w&m;usifhvo dk nfph w d rf sm; wzGm; zGm;jzpfay:vmav\/ xkt d cg rdrd \ r,m;tm; ]]&Sifr? oifonf BuHKovkdyif tcpm;jyKvkyfum toufarG;rIjyKygavmh? igum; &[ef;jyKawmhrnf? ightm;cGihjf yK yg}}[k r,m;xHciG ahf wmif;av\/ xkt d cg r,m;uvnf; ]]t&Sif? ,cktcsdeüf uRefrwGif t&Si\ f &ifaoG;tm; vG,x f m;&cgpjzpf aeygNyD/ ¤if;&ifaoG;arG;zGm;NyD; onf hwkdif atmif apmif hyg}}[k wm;xm;av\/ uav;arG;NyD;jyefaomf ]]uav;EkYcd GJatmif apmifhygOD; t&Sif}}[k cspfcifw, G w f m? ESpv f kd pGmjzifh? wDwmjrLaemh? NyHK;umacsmh xm;? xkda,mufsm;vnf;? apmifh jim;wpfzef aevkdufjyefav\/ xku d av; EkdYumG atmif apmifNh yD;onft h cgwGirf lum; r,m; onf aemufxyfwpfzef 'kw, d rÜd ukd,0f ef&SdaejyefavawmhNyD/ xkd
a,mufsm;onf npfEGrf;aom ud avomq,fyg;ukd tajcwnf um &&Sdvmonfh wpfaxmifhig; &maom tcspfESifhcspfae&onfh r,m;\ oHa,mZOf? oefYpifaom ]wk}av;jzmukd tajcwnfum &&Sv d monfh ig;&mESpq f ,f&pS o f , G f aom arwåmrsm;ESihf cspaf e& onfh om;orD;oHa,mZOfonf BudK;ESpfrQifvHk;ukd rcif rif rwG,fwmvkad wmhaom aMumifh &[ef;jyKNyD; w&m;usi&hf m rMumrD psmefcsrf;omrsm;ukd &&Sd oGm;avawmhonf/xdka,mufsm; onf r,m;? om;? orD;wkdYü cspfjcif;wnf;[laom udavom aESmiftzGJUukd rwG,w f m riJu h u G f bJ a&Smifxu G fEkid fíom &cJonfh 'kvb w&m;ig;yg;vHk; &&SNd yD; psmef csr;f omudk cHpm;&jcif;jzpfayonf/ rdwaf qGonf 'kuedygwf vm txufygZmwfvrf;ukdzwfí &[ef;jyKvkpd dwaf yguf&onf[kqkd ygvQif {uedygwfwiG fvmaom ajcmufBurd v f jlyefxu G o f nfh uk'g´ v Zmwf vrf;uk d vnf; od NyD;jzpf &ayrnf/ xkdYaMumifh wefzkd;r&Sd bl;[k xif&onfh aygufw;l (uk'g´ v)av;wpfvufukdyif pGJvrf; onfh wPSmoHa,mZOfwdkY trQif rjywfEkd if onf ukd rjzwf Ekid f rI aMumifh ajcmufBudrfvljyefxu G f rd onf htaMumif ;ESihf ckepfBud rf ajrmuf0wfawmhrnfhtcgwGifrS rsufpdukdpHkrSdwu f m aygufwl;ukd
ïïë
jrpf a &xJypfcsNyD;rS 0wf a om aMumifh ouFe;f 0wfESihNf rJomG ;&yHk wku Yd d k a[mjyí ¤if;\ ouFe;f 0wf vkdrIukd ykdíckid fNrJap&ef owday; vkdufygonf/ xk Yad Mumifh rdwaf qG\ qE´jyif;jyrI? om;? r,m;ESifo h rD; wkd Y \ ypö , mEk * ¾ [ aMumif h ¤if;tm; &[ef;b0a&mufatmif aqmif &Gufay;vku d yf gawmhonf/ ,ckcsdecf gonf bk&m; omoemawmfxGef;um;qJtcg jzpfí bk&m;yGiho f nfEiS Bfh uHK&onf [kyif qkdMuygpkdY/ vlYtjzpfu vnf; &aeNyDyJ/ o'¨gw&m;qkd onfh ,HkMunfrIuvnf; &Sad eMu ygNyD/ olawmfaumif;w&m;rsm; uvnf; emMum;aeMu&NyD/wPSm umr*kPfrsm;ukd y,fowfEkdif aom xkdrw d af qGonf &[ef;b0 ukv d nf; a&muf&do S Gm;NyDjzpfonfh twGuf &cJvo S nfh 'kvbw&m; ig;yg;vHk;ukd &&SdomG ;cJhayNyD/ ,ck pma&;onf htcsdef xdvnf; xkrd dwaf qGonf ouFe;f 0wfESifh NrJíaeum oGm;vma&; cufcJNyD; tawmftwefacsmifus vSaom &Gmuav;wpf &GmwGif omoemjyKaeygawmhonf/ xkadY Mumifh &cJonfb h 0? NrJcJonfhb0ukd pGJvrf;rIwPSm enf;ygrS &Ekdif? NrJEkdifrnf jzpf aMumif; a&;om;&if; rdro d nfvnf; ..../ 'if;ykef;t&Sifr@v (qifaygif0J)
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¶®·º¿¬³·ºÓ«²º¸¿°½-·º§¹±²º usxnfhí oN*KØ[fae\/ tcsKUd usef&pfolrdom;pk ߬µ§º½¼µ·º rsm;u Budwíf ½Iu d faeMu\/ tcsKdUusef&pfolro d m;pk
wavmqDu rdwaf qGpma&;q&m wpf a,muf qHk;yg;oGm;cJhygonf/ um;awGxu G fcgeD;rS aemufusa&mufvmaom uRefawmht f zkdY eD;&mpsmye um;BuD;wpfckay:okYd wufvdu k f&ygonf/ um;ay: wGif uRefawmhfenf;wl psmyevkdufykYo d lrsm;ukd ,yf awmifukd,pf DESifh awGU&ygonf/ pma&;q&mtod rdwaf qGwpfa,mufwavrsm; um;ay:rSm ygvm avrvm;[k &SmMunfhrdonf/ okdYaomfwpfa,muf rQ rsuEf mS odrygí cyfqdwq f dwyf ifvdu k v f mcJo h nf/ uRefawmfESiht f wl um;ay:wGiyf gvmaom psmye ykYo d lrsm;um; uG,fveG folpma&;q&m\ &yfuu G frS vlrsm; jzpfyHk&onf/ wpfvrf;vHk;um;ay:wGif pyfrd pyf&m ajymqkv d mMuonf/ olwkdYajymqkv d maom pum;xJwiG f uG,fveG fomG ;ol pma&;q&mrdom;pk \ taMumif;vnf; ygonf/ olwo Ydk m;a&;orD;a&;? vlrIa&;? rdom;pkupd aö wGvnf;yg\/ wcsKUd uawmh uGmaphukd wajzmufajzmuf0g;&if; NidrfoufpmG vkdufygvmMu\/ a&a0;okomefuakd &mufawmh um;ay:wGif vkdufygvmaom vltrsm;pku um;ay:rSqif;oGm; Muonf/ tcsKdUuawmh ocsKØif;ajrukd ajccs&rSm rowDaom[efrsK;d jzifh um;ay:rSrqif;bJ xkid fvsuf ae&pf\/ a&a0;tat;wku d fum; xHk;pHtwkdif;yif owfrSwx f m;aom cef;rrsm;wGif tavmif;awGukd pifuav;awGjzifhwifum jyifqifxm;onf/ psmye vku d fydYo k lrsm;xJrS tcsKUd u wpfcef;0ifwpfcef;xGuf jzifh jyifxm;aom tavmif;rsm;ukd vku d v f HMunfh½I &if; pyfpkMu\/ xkdvlaotavmif;rsm;udk Munfh½I aom olwY\ kd rsufESmoGijf yifrSm aMumuf&HUG ovkdvdk? &GH&Smovkdvd[ k efrsKd;awG awGU&\/ uRef awmf wkYd &SdaepOftwGif;üyif wpf avmif;NyD;wpfavmif; rD;oN*KØ[fpufxJukd tvSnhf
rsm;uawmh atmf[pfik, d k&d if; wufcsufomG ;Muol rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ tat;wk u d f rS wm0efus0efxrf;rsm;u awmh þjrifuGi;f rsm;ukd rqef;awmhonfhtoGif jzifh rd rd0wå&m;twkdif; aqmif &u G pf &m&So d nfrsm;ukd oHywfay;xm;aom puf½kyrf sm;vkd aqmif&GufaeMu onf/ olwkYrd sufESmrsm;uawmh tat;wku d fxJrS a&cJwHk;rsm;vkd at;pufpufyJjzpf\/ oN*KØ[fjcif;udpöNyD;ajrmufí tm;vHk;rdrd tvmwke;f u pD;eif;vku d fygvmaom um;rsm;ay:odYk jyefwufvdu k fMu\/ tjyefwiG fawmh tvmwkef;u xufyif ykdrq kd n l HpmG pum;awG ajymqkad eMuonf/ uRef awmfuawmh ukd,ft h awG;ESihu f kd,f ykdYolwkdY ajymqkad eMuaompum;oHrsm;ukd rMum;wpfcsuf? Mum;wpfcsufjzpfaeonf/ uRefawmf psmyetBudrfBudrv f ku d fykdYzl;yg onf/ psmyevkdufyMYkd uolrsm;um; þenf;ESiEf Siyf if/ uRefawmhftrd fonf uRefawmfaexkdifaom&yfuGuf \ vrf;qHkuav;wGiw f nf&Sdonf/ xkYad Mumifh &yf uGux f w J iG f tokbudpöjzpfNyDqv kd Qif psmyevkduyf kYd rnfhum;rsm;onf uRefawmfhtrd fa&SUwiG f pk½Hk;NrJjzpf \/tokbykd&Y ef aMu;pnfxkaomtcg psmyevku d fydYk rnfholrsm; um;awGay:okYd tajy;tvTm;wufMu\/ tokbvku d yf YNkd yD; tjyefqdv k Qif um;rsm;ay:rS qlnH pGmyif qif;oufomG ;Mujyef onf/ aoqHk;ol\ usef&pfolrdom;pkrSvJí G usefvlrsm;u bmrQrjzpf ovkd? rdrdwdYEk SifhbmrQroufqkid fovkdyif/ t&,f rysuf? tNyHK;rysuf? pum;ajymrysuf/ þonfwYu dk kd jrifwidk f; tar&duef0yd óem a,m*D *sKd;Zuf*kd;vfpwde;f (Ö±-»°¸ Ù±´¼ ͬ»·²)\ pum;tqkt d rdeYu f av;wpfckukd owd&rd\/ ]]urÇmay:&Sd tHhMozG,&f mrsm;teuf b,f t&monf tHhMozG,&f mtaumif;qHk;jzpfygoenf;}}
ïïé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
]]rdrdywf0ef;usifwiG f aeUpOfESit fh rQaoqHk; aysmufu, G faeMuolawGukd awGUjrifaeygvsuf olY ukd,o f lrl ao&rnf[k rnfolrQ r,HkMunfovkd aeMujcif;onf tHhMozG,&f mtaumif;qHk;jzpfygonf}} þ*sKd;Zuf*d;k pwde;f \ tawG;p pum;pk av;ukd ESpfoufveG ;f ojzifh uRefawmht f rd fbk&m;cef; &Sd jrifomaomae&mwGif uyfxm;ygonf/ þtqkd trdeYu f av;onf arhavsmhí yrm'jzpfaeaomol rsm;ukd rarhr avsmhaponf h tyÜrm'w&m;uk d jzpfay:aponf[k uRefawmfxifjrifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ rdrdu, kd rf drd tNrJ tyÜrm'jzpfap&efvnf; &nf&G,yf gonf/ ,aeYumvonf qkwu f yfjzpf\/ urÇm ay:wGif ppfab;ppf'PfwkYad Mumifhvnf;aumif;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fwadYk Mumifhvnf;aumif; rMum cPvlawGtpkvku d ?f tNyHKvku d faoqHk;aeMu&onf ukd wDAGDzef om;jyifwiG f awGUjrif ae&ygonf / okdYaomf vlawGuawmh aysmfaeMuqJyifjzpfyg\/ ]]aysmfaysmfaeaocJ}}[k qkad omfvnf; aysmf&if;yif aoaeMuygonf/ rMumao;rDuyif qlemrDivsif vIdif;'PfaMumifh zl;uwftyef;ajzpcef;uJhokdYaom ae&mrsm;wGif taysmfc&D;xGuf&if;? aysmfyg;tyef; ajz&if; tpkvu kd f? tNyHKvku d faoqHk;ukeMf uygonf/ xkadY Mumifyh if aus;Zl;&Sifrkd;ukwfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u ]]vlawG[m Muufaysmf aysmfaeMu w,f}}[k rdeYMf um;chzJ ;l ygonf/ oBuFeu f mv rl;,pf arhavsmh aysmfyg;aeMuolrsm;? ½ky&f Si½f Hk? pwdw½f ;Id rsm; wGif aysmfyg;aeMuolrsm;ukjd rifwkid f; rkd;ukwfq&m awmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g'pum;av;ukd tNrJMum; a,mifrad eyg\/ wcsKUd u rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m; BuD;\ ]]Muufaysmaf ysmo f nf}}qkad ompum;t"dygÜ ,f ukd odyf&dyfrdMu[ef rwlay/ MuufyJ½G Hkrsm;? Muuf om;'kdirf sm;wGif owfrnfhMuufrsm;udk Muufjcif; Mum;BuD;rsm;xJwiG f NyHKxnfhxm;&m ao&awmhrnf ukd rodaomMuufrsm;uawmh atmf[pfqn l HpmG
jcif;Mum;BuD;rsm;xJwGif wpfaumifay:wpfaumif wufí aysmfjrL;aeMuaom jrifuiG f;ukd awGUzl;olrsm; qkdvQifawmh aus;Zl;&Sifr;kd ukwfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ tqHk;tr rnfrQav;eufwefzkd;&Sad Mumif; odEkdif ygonf/ tcsKUd uawmh tokbvku d fyY&dk if;jzifh]]rom wpf acguf? ausmif ;q,facguf }}[kqdMk uonf/ tokbwpfcgvku d fykdYwmu bke;f BuD;ausmif;(10) acgufomG ;wmxuf ukov kd &f w,f}}[laom pum; ukd uRefawmfMum;cJhzl;\/ a&S;uawmh Oykoaf eYqdk vQif &GmOD;bkef;BuD;ausmif;udkomG ;í OykofoDwif; aqmufwnf? ykw;D pdyf? w&m;emí jyefMu&m oHa0* ÚmPf jzpf zkd YrvG,f ul/tok bwpfcgvk u d f ykd YvQif r&Pm Ekówdjzpfí oHa0*ÚmPfjzpfNy;D tyÜrm'owd w&m;&ap&ef]]romwpfacguf?ausmif;q,facguf}} qkdaom qkd½dk;pum;&SdcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkYad Mumifhyif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxuf awmfu &mZN*dK[fNrdKUü q&mZD0u\ ESrjzpfol tvGew f &macsmarmvSyaom jynfhwefqmr oD&drm aoqHk;aomtcg oD&drm\tavmif;ukd rD;roN*KØ[f ao;bJ okomefü acG;vif;wwkdY rpm;Ekdiaf tmif apmifha&Smufxm;&ef bk&m;&Sifu AdrÁdom&rif;BuD; tm; rdeYMf um;awmfrlonf/ oD&drmuG,fveG fNyD; av;&ufajrmufaom aeYü oD&rd m\cE¨mukd,o f nf ndKrnf;ykyfyzG l;a&mif um 'Gg&ukd;aygufwkYrd S aoG;yky?f jynfykyrf sm;,kdpD; usvsuf wpfukd,v f k;H uGJtufum tykyef w YH axmif; axmif;jzifh ½Ijrifíraumif;atmif pufqkyfzG,jf zpf aeavonf/ xkt d cgusrS AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;u rif;csif; rsm;ukd NrdKUwGif;armif;aMu;eif;cwfapum ]]tdrf apmifu h av;oli,frsm;uko d mcsefí oD&rd m\ tokb ½kyftavmif;ukdMunf½h I&ef NrdKUvk;H uRwfvmMu&rnf/ rvma&mufolukd 'PfaiG&Spu f syfwyf½dkufrnf}}[k aMunmaponf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ESihw f ynfhoHCmrsm;
ïïè
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¥²º¸±²º¯¼± µ ²º®Í³ ¬½-¼»º©»ºªÏ·º ¬¼®º¶§»ºú¿§®²ºñ ¬¼®º¶§»º¿±³¬½¹©Ù·º ®¼®¶¼ §»º¿±³ ¬¼®± º ²º ¬§¹ôº¬¼®º®Åµ©º¾Ö ±µö©¼¬®¼ Ạ»¼ß_³»º¬®¼ ¶º ¦°º¦Ç¼µ ¬¿úåÞ«ÜåªÍ±²ºñ ukdvnf; ]]oD&drm\tavmif;ukd tokb½I
xkt d cg oD&drmudkpJv G rf;pdwjf zifh rtdyfEikd f? rpm;Ekdijf zpfaeaom xkd&[ef;onf oD&drmcE¨muk, d f \ rNrJaomoabm? ysufpD;aomoabm? rdrdcE¨m uk, d \ f rNrJaomoabm? ysupf D;aomoabmwku dY kd ÚmPfwiG f xifjrifí tyÜrm'owdw&m;0if um aomwmyefwnfavonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh vlwkYo d nf ]]olaoigykY?d igaoolyY}kd }yJumG / ]]romwpfacguf? ausmif;q,f acgufw}hJ } ukov kd &f wmyJuGm[kqu kd m tokbawmh wGifwiG fvdu k fykdYMuyg\/ ocsKØif;ukef;wGi?f tat; wku d fwiG f olaorsm;pGmukad wmh jrifyg\/ okYad omf olYtaouko d m jrifMuí uk, d t hf aoukd rjrifMuyg/ uk, d ht f aoukd rjrifaomtcg arharhavsmhavsmhyif/ taorOD;cif ÚmPfOD;atmiftm;xkwzf Yu kd kd owdr& Muawmhay/ ykxkZOf'um? 'umrwkdYukd u½kPm oufaom q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;u ]]olYtao jrif vkYd w&m;r&bl;? uk, d ht f ao ukd,jf rifrS w&m;&rSm/ uk, d t fh ao uk, d jf rifatmif tm;xkwMf u}}[k u½kPm a'gaomjzifh qHk;rzl;avonf/ xkYad Mumifyh if 0dyóema,m*DBuD; *sKd;Zuf *kd;vfpwde;f u ukd,ht f aoudkyif rjrifí aojcif; w&m;ukd rdrdESifhrqkid fovkdaeaom vlom;rsm;ukd MunfhNyD; ttHhMoBuD; tHhMocJhavonf/ okdYaomfvnf; tE¨ykxkZOfvlom;wkYo d nf ukd,ht f em? ukd,ht f aoukd rjrifMu&SmbJ t0dZmÆ 0J *,ufwiG f wpfb0NyD;wpfb0? 'kuN© yD;'kuj© zpfaeMu &Smonf/ omrefvlom;wkdYtzkYd oltkjd rifwdik f; ukd,hf ttkjd rifzkdY? olemjrifwdik f; ukd,ht f emjrifzkdY? olao jrifwikd f; uk, d t hf aojrifzkYd rvG,u f laom udpw ö pfck jzpfaeNyDvm;/ oltdjk rifwikd f; uk, d ht f tkdjrifí oHa0* ÚmPf0ifum w&m;tm;xkwfrnfqkv d Qif vlt½kd Hku 0efxrf;awG t&ifqkH;w&m;&Muayrnf/ olemawG jrifwdik ;f ukd,ht f emukdjrifNyD; w&m;tm;xkwfMurnf qk d v Qif v nf ; aq;½Hk uq&m0ef ? q&mrawG?
ïïç
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
wu,fawmh uRefawmfwYo kd nf urÇmajr ay:okdY acwårQ vma&mufMuaom {nfhonfrsm; om/ uRefawmfwkd Y 0,f,laqmufvkyaf exkdifaom ¬¼® º¶§»º½-¼»º©Ù·º tdrrf sm;onfvnf; uRefawmfwYydk ikd fqkdiaf omtdrf rsm; r[k wf/ raorDacwåaexkdif&aom tdrfiSm;rsm;om ¿Ó««ÙÖð®ºå»²ºåá Ò·¼©Ùôº°ÙÖª ®ºåá wnf;/ pifppfighu, kd [ f k vGJrSm;pGm ouúm,uyfvsuf ¨¼©ºª »ºÇ© µ»ºª קº® ×®úͼ¾Ö ,lqaeaom uRefawmfwkdY\cE¨mudk,o f nfyifvQif ¬§D®³ù±©¼© ú³å¶¦·º¸ tiSm;cE¨mukd,jf zpfyg\/ {nfhonfqkdonfrSm tcsdew f efvQif tdrf ¿ðù»³«µ¼ c׮ͩº§Ù³å®-³åú·ºå jyef&ayrnf/ tdrfjyef aomtcgwGif rdrdjyefaom ¬¶§»ºª ®ºå«µ¼ tdrfonf tyg,ftrd fr[kwfbJ? ok*wdtrd f? edAÁmef ©²ºÒ·¼®º°Ù³¶§»º½-·º§¹±²º tdrfjzpfzYkd ta&;BuD;vSonf/ tdrjf yefcsdew f iG f aMuuGJ 0rf;enf;? Nidw, G pf GJvrf;? xdwv f efYwkev f Iyrf Ir&SdbJ tyÜrm'owdw&m;jzifh a0'emukd ½IrSwyf Gm;rsm;&if; tjyefvrf;ukd wnfNidrpf Gmjyefcsifygonf/ cE¨mt&Sd 0efxrf;awG t&ifqkH;w&m;&Muayrnf/ olaojrifwdik f; uk, d ht f aojrifí w&m;& w&m;ukd ÚmPfowdw&m;jzifh ½IrSwyf mG ;rsm;EkdifrS rnfqdv k Qifvnf Øi;f ? tat;wku d frsm;u 0ef tdrftjyefvaS yrnf/ uRefawmfzwfczJh l;aom oHa0* xrf;awG t&ifqkH;w&m;&Muayawmhrnf/ rnfrQ uAsmav;wpfyk'f&Sdygonf/ uAsmq&memrnfukd f ufveG f;í uRefawmf oltkd? olem? olaoawGudk awGUjrifaeygap uk, d hf awmh rrSwrf dawmhyg/ ESpo rS w o f m;xm;aom uAsmav;qk duvnf; rrSm;ay/ ttkd?uk, d ht f em?ukd,ht f ao rjrifoa&GU owdw&m; fh wl pm½Iolwv Ydk nf; ESpo f ufí oHa0* jzpfzY?kd owdy|mefw&m;tm;xkwfzYkdonf cufcJaom uRefawmfESit ÚmPf yGm;apvkdaomapwemjzifh rQa0cHpm;Ekdi&f ef udpöwpfckjzpfaeayOD;rnf/ uRef awmfwkYd atmif qef ;rkd;ukwfawm& azmfjyvdkufygonf/ wyfOD;ausmif;wGif (10)&ufwmrQ pcef;0ifw&m; à ¥²º± ¸ ²º £ tm;xkwfcJhpOfu atmifqef;awm&wyfOD;ausmif; - tcsdew f efí? tdrfjyef&vnf;? q&mawmf b'´EÅo'¨r®uw d åo d m&u a,m*Drsm;ukd 0rf;renf;ay/ &GwfqkdapcJhaom atmufyg"r®oHa0*vuFmav; aMuuGJwkev f Iy?f tyl½kyfESifh? onf uRefawmfwdYu k kd tyÜrm'owdw&m;jzpfapcJh EIwq f ufp&m Avmew¬d/ onf/ - wG,Nf idp&m? a0'emvnf;? ]]rtkad o;cif? w&m;0if?tqifajyvSonf/ &ifrSmpkd;pd rusef&SdNyD/ tkdaomtcgrS? w&m;r&?rSm;Muygvdrrhf nf/ - bmodbmom? wdwq f dwpf Gmyif? remao;cif? w&m;0if? tqifajyvSonf/ igjyef&rnf 0rf;omonf/ emaomtcgrS? w&m;r&?rSm;Muygvdrrhf nf/ raoao;cif? w&m;0if?tqifajyvSonf/ Atkycf kdif aoaomtcgrS? w&m;r&?rSm;Muygvdrrhf nf}}
ïîð
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
°¼©ºÒ·®¼ åº ½-®åº ®×
PEACE ±º MIND ¾§ æ Ø¿®· Ü¿¬¬ ͸¿®³¿
[de;f vwf
(,cifvrStquf) îïò Ø¿°°·²»-- ·- Ê»®§ ο®»
¿§-³°º ú³¯¼© µ ³ ¬ªÙ»cº ³Í å
ó Ø¿°°·²»-- ½¿² ®»³±ª» §±«® ¬»²-·±² ± º ³·²¼ô ׬ ½¿² ®»³±ª» º¿¬·¹«»- ±º ³¿²§ µ·²¼-ò Ø¿°°·²»-- °®±ª·¼»- «- ¿ ª»®§ ®¿®» ¾´·--ô ß²¼ ¹·ª»- °´»¿-«®» ´·µ» ¿ ´±ª»®ùµ·--ò
ó Ø¿°°·²»-- ·- ª»®§ ®¿®» ·² ¸«³¿² ´·º»ô ɸ§ ²±¬ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ ¿²¼ ´»¿¼ ¿ ¸¿°°§ ´·º»ò ͸»¼ ¿©¿§ -¿¼²»-- ¿²¼ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ô Ø¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ ¬®§ ¬± ¾» ¸¿°°§ò
- aysmf½iT frI[m pdwzf dpD;rIudk avsmhyg;apwm? yef;vsrIrsdK;pHkukd tpOfa0;uGm/ aysmf½iT frIqdkwm ½Sm;yg;ukodkv?f MunfEl;p&m cspfolterf;vdk/
ó vlYb0rSm aysmpf &mqdkwm tvGef½Sm;?
b0rSm aysmfaysmfaeyg? ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg;/ pdwn f pfp&m ab;z,fxm;? aysmfap? aysmfap? aysmfapom;/
ïîï
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ó ݱ³°»´´- ¬¸» ¾®¿·² ¬± ®»´»¿-» ½¿¬»½¸±´¿³·²»ô ɸ·½¸ ·² ¬«®² ®»´»¿-»- »²¼±®°¸·²ò ß ²¿¬«®¿´ °¿·² µ·´´»® ±º -¬®¿²¹» µ·²¼ô ɸ·½¸ ¾±±-¬- ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ô ¾±¼§ ¿²¼ ±«® ³·²¼ò
ó ̸» »¿-·»-¬ ©¿§ ¬± ¾» ¸¿°°§ ·- ¬± ³¿µ» ±¬¸»®- ¸¿°°§ô ̸¿¬ ¸¿°°·²»-- ©·´´ ®»¬«®² ¾¿½µ ¬± ³¿µ» §±« ¸¿°°§ò Ø¿°°·²»-- ·- ½±²¬¿¹·±«- ²»ª»® ½±³»¼·®»½¬´§ô ɸ»² §±« ¹·ª» ¬± ±¬¸»®-ô ·¬ ½±³»¾¿½µ ·²¼·®»½¬´§ò
- aysmf½iT frIaMumihf OD;aPSmufxJu? uwfwDpkd vmrdkif; qufxu G fvm&/ 'Duwpfqihf tif'dkzif;jzpf? obm0emusifrIukwJh aq;topf/ 'Daq;u ukpm;vmEkid fwm? ESvHk;? cE¨meJYpdwu f dkyg/
- aysmf½iT fzdkY&m tvG,fqkH;[m? olwpfyg;udk aysmf½iT fapwm/ 'Dtaysmf[m jyeful;puf? oifvnf; aysmfzdkYtwGuf/ aysm½f iT rf Iqw kd m ul;pufEkid w f m? udk,x f w H ku d ½f u kd f b,fawmhrS rvm? olwpfyg;udk taysmfay;&if? oG,f0dkufenf;eJY oifaysmf½iT f/
ó ׬ °«®·º·»- ±«® ¸»¿®¬ ¿²¼ ³·²¼ô Ì¿µ»- ¿©¿§ ¬®±«¾´»- ±º ¾±¼§ ¿²¼ ³·²¼ò ɸ»² ·¬ ½±-¬- ²±¬¸·²¹ô ©¸§ ²±¬ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ô ̱ »²¶±§ ¿ ¸¿°°§ ´·º» ©¸§ ²±¬ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ò
îîò Ô¿«¹¸¬»® ·- ¿ Ö±¹¹·²¹ º±® Ó·²¼ ¿²¼ Ø»¿®¬
- 'D"mwfaMumihf pdwef JYESvHk;tm; jzLpifum? ½kyfeJY pdw'f ku©rsm; ukoay;Edkifwm/ aiGaMu;ruke&f bJ? aysm½f iT frI[m 'DtusdK;awG jzpfapwm/
úôº¿®³¶½·ºåų °¼©úº ¿ÇÖ ª¸«-·½º¸ »ºå ó Ô¿«¹¸¬»® ·- ¿ ¶±¹¹·²¹ º±® ³·²¼ ¿²¼ ¸»¿®¬ô ɸ§ ²±¬ §±« ¬¸»² ´¿«¹¸ º®±³ ¬¸» ½¿®» ±º §±«® ¸»¿®¬á ̸±-» ©¸± ½¿² ´¿«¹¸ º±® º·º¬»»² ³·²«¬»- ¿ ¼¿§ô Ý¿² »²¶±§ ¿ -±«²¼ -´»»° ¿²¼ µ»»° ¬¸» ¼±½¬±® ¿©¿§ò
ó Í·²¹ ±® ¼¿²½» ¿²¼ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ô Ø¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ô ¸¿°°§ô ¿´©¿§- º»»´ ¸¿°°§ò ׺ §±« ¬¸·²µ ·´´ ±º ±¬¸»®-ô §±« ©·´´ ²»ª»® ¾» ¸¿°°§ô ß´©¿§- ¬¸·²µ ¹±±¼ ±º ±¬¸»®- ¿²¼ º»»´ ¸¿°°§ò
ó pdwef Y½J kyt f wGuf &,farmjcif;[m avhusichf ef;?
oifvnf; &,fvkd ufprf;/ wpfaeY(15)rdepf &,farm&if? ESpfNcdKuftyd farmusum? q&m0efudkyif ta0;udkESif/
- oDcsif;qdkyg? uckefyg wtm;? aysmfap? aysmfap? aysmfapom;/ olwpfyg;taMumif; raumif;pOf;pm;&if? oifvnf; raysmf½iT f/ olwpfyg;taMumif; taumif;pOf;pm;? oifvnf; aysmfapom;/
ïîî
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
ó ׬ ¿½¬·ª¿¬»- ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ ·²½®»¿-»-ô ß³°´·º·»- ®»-°·®¿¬·±² ¿¬¬¿½µ ¼»½®»¿-»-ò ׬ ¬®·¹¹»®- ¬¸» ¾®¿·² ½¿¬»½¸±´¿³·²»ô ɸ·½¸ ·- ¿ ¸±®³±²»
[moqdkwm? pdwef JY½kyu f dk ukpm;wm? pdww f if;usyfrIudk z,f½Sm;wJh taumif;qHk; enf;yg/
¿²¼ ¸»¿®¬ ¾»¿¬ ¿²¼ ¸»¿®¬
ó ׺ §±« ©¿²¬ ¬± ´·ª» ¸»¿´¬¸§ô ¬¸»² ´¿«¹¸ô ´¿«¹¸ ¿²¼ ´¿«¹¸ô ׺ §±« ©¿²¬ ¿ ´±²¹»® ´·º» ¬¸»² ´¿«¹¸ô ´¿«¹¸ ¿²¼ ´¿«¹¸ò Ô¿«¹¸¬»® ·- ¿ ®¿®» ¹·º¬ ±º Ù±¼ ¬± §±«ô ̱ µ»»° ³·²¼ ¿²¼ ¸»¿®¬ º·¬ º±® §±«ò
¬± ®»´»¿-» ±º «²·¯«» µ·²¼ò
- &,farmjcif;[m ESvHk;tm;udk wdk;jrSifhum? touf½Iydkaumif;um? a0;pGmESvHk;a&m*g/ OD;aESmufuvnf;xGuv f m uufwpD kv d mrdki;f yg? [dkrke;f "mwfxJrSm taumif;qHk;qkdwm/
- usef;rmpGmaecsiw f Jhtcg? &,fyg? &,fyg? &,fvkd ufyg/ touf½Snpf mG aecsifwJhtcg? &,fyg? &,fyg? &,fvkd ufyg/ &,fp&m[m bk&m;½Sif&JU vufaqmifwpfyg;? pdwef JY ½kyt f wGuf wefzdk;xm;/
ó ß ²¿¬«®¿´ °¿·² µ·´´»® ±º ª»®§ -¬®¿²¹» µ·²¼ô ׬ ¾±±-¬- ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ô ¾±¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³·²¼ò Ø·¹¸»-¬ º±®³ ±º ´¿«¹¸¬»® ·- ¬± ´¿«¹¸ ¿¬ ±©² º±´´·»-ô Ô±©»-¬ º±®³ ·- ¬± ´¿«¹¸ ¿¬ ±¬¸»®ùº±´´·»-ò
ó ܱ²ù¬ ¾» ¿ ³·-»®ô ©¸»² §±« ´¿«¹¸ô ܱ²ù¬ ³·-- ¿²§ ½¸¿²½» ©¸»² §±« ½¿² ´¿«¹¸ò ׬ ½±-¬- ²±¬¸·²¹ ±² §±«® °¿®¬ô ̸»² ©¸§ ¼±²ù¬ §±« ´¿«¹¸ º®±³ ¬¸» ½¿®» ±º §±«® ¸»¿®¬ò
- obm0 temw&ukwJh aq;yg? ESvHk;? pdwef JY ½kycf E¨m/ udk,hrf dkufrJrIudk udk,&f ,fypfwm? tqifhtjrihfqkH;yg/ olwpfyg;rdkufrJrIudk &,fvkd ufwm? tqihftedrfhqHk;yg/
- &,farmzdkYtwGuf uyfap;rESJeJY? tcGihf&wdkif; &,fyg tNrJ/ bmrQ wefzdk;rukefus? onf;vIduf tlvIduf &,farmMu/
ó Ò»ª»® ³·²¼ ·º ¿²§¾±¼§ ³¿µ»- ¿ º«² ± º §±«ô ̸¿¬ ±½½¿--·±² ½¿² ¿´-± »²¬»®¬¿·² §±«ò Ø«³±«® ·- ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ©¿§ ¬± ¸»¿´ ¾±¼§ ¿²¼ ³·²¼ô ß ¾»-¬ ©¿§ ¬± ¼»½®»¿-» -¬®»-- º®±³ ¬¸» ³·²¼ò
ó ׬ ½¿² ³¿µ» §±«® ¸»¿®¬ ¬± º»»´ -¬®±²¹ ¿²¼ ¸»¿´¬¸§ô ׬ ·- §±«® ®¿®» °±--»--·±² »ª»² ·º §±« ¿®» ²±¬ ©»¿´¬¸§ò
- &,farmvQif ESvHk;om; BuHUcdkifusef;rm? 'g[m ½Sm;yg;ypönf;yg/ oifwu,fvkd Y aiGrcsrf;omawmifrS? 'gwpfckawmh csr;f omrSm {uef{u/
- olwpfyg;u oifhudk&,farm&if? pdwx f JbmrQ r&dSbJxm;? 'g[m oihftwGuf azsmaf jzrIwpfyg;/
ïîí
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
³±®» °±©»®º«´ ¬¸¿² ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ù°±©»®ô Ø»¿®¬ °®±¼«½»- ½±²-¬®«½¬·ª» ¾«¬ »ª·´ ¬¸±«¹¸¬- °®±¼«½» ¼»-¬®«½¬·ª» °±©»®ò
îíò ر© ¬± ߪ±·¼ Ø»¿®¬ ߬¬¿½µ
ÛͪåµØ ¿ú³ö¹ ¾ôºª« µ¼ ³«Ùô®º ªÖ
- ESvHk;uae pGrf;tm;awG pkyHkvm&if? tif*sipf ufudkyif a½TUvsm;EdkifwmtpOf/ 'gayr,fh raumif;wJhpdwu f ESvkpH Gr;f tm;xuf ydkrdkpmG ? raumif;wJh tawG;u zsuq f ;D rIawG xkwaf y;wm/
ó Ø»¿®¬ ·² ¸«³¿² ¾±¼§ ·- ¬¸» ³±-¬ ¼»´·½¿¬» °¿®¬ô ̸» ´±ª»® º»»´ ¬¸»·® ´±ª» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸·- °¿®¬ò Þ«¬ ¸»¿®¬ó¿¬¬¿½µ ·- ¬¸» ³±-¬ ¼®»¿¼º«´ ¼·-»¿-»ô л±°´» ¿®» ¼§·²¹ ´·µ» º´·»- ¼«» ¬± ¬¸·- ¼·-»¿-»ò
ó ß²¹»®ô º»¿®ô ©±®®§ô ·´´ó©·´´ ¿²¼ -¬®»-©¸»² ´±²¹ ¸»´¼ ·² ³·²¼ô ̸» ª¿-¬ °±©»® ±º ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ ·¹®»¿¬´§ «²¼»®³·²»¼ò ̸»-» °®±¼«½» ½¸»³·½¿´ ·³¾¿´¿²½» ·² ±«® ¾±¼§ô 笫·¬¿®§ ¿²¼ ¿¼®»²¿´ ¹´¿²¼- °±«® ±«¬ ¸±®³±²»- ¬± -¿ª» ¬¸» ¾±¼§ò
ó ESvHk;qdkwm vlUcE¨mudk,rf Sm tEl;nHhtodrf
arGUqHk;t&m? cspfolu olYcspfoludk 'DtxJuyJ cspw f m/ 'gayr,fh ESvHk;a&m*gu aMumufp&m taumif;qHk;? vlawG 'Da&m*gaMumifh aoMutwHk;t½Hk;/
- a'go? xdwv f efYrI? aomueJYraumif;pdwaf wG pdwx f JrSm MumMumodrf;xm;&if? ESvHk;om;&JU pGrf;tm;u usqif;tpOf/ 'gqdk&if cE¨mudk,"f gwkypön;f awG [efcsufrnD jzpfum? a[mfrke;f awG xGuv f m/
ó ׬ ·- ¿´-± ¬¸» ³±-¬ °±©»®º«´ ³«-½´»ô ̱ °®±¬»½¬ «- ·² ¸«-¬´» ¿²¼ ¾«-¬´»ò ׬ °®±¼«½»- ¿´´ ¬¸» »²»®¹§ ¬¸¿¬ ±«® ¾±¼§ ²»»¼-ô ̸» °»®-±² ³¿§ ¾» ¿ ©»·¹¸¬ ó ´·º¬»® ±® ¿ ´¿¦§ ·² ´·¬¬´» ²»»¼ò
- ESvHk;[m pGrf;tm;&dSwJh
Ø»¿®¬ ´±-»- ®»-·´·»²½§ô ¿®¬»®·»¸¿®¼»² ¿²¼ ÞÐ ®·-»-ô ͧ³°¬±³- ±º ¸»¿®¬ ¿¬¬¿½µ ¼»ª»´±° ¿²¼ ¿®¬¸®·¬·- -¬®·µ»-ò
ESvHk;tm;enf;? aoG;aMumawGrmaMum? aoG;wdk;EIef;jrihNf yD;? ESvHk;a&m*geJY av;zufemzdpD;/
ó ׺ ¿´´ ¬¸» »²»®¹§ °®±¼«½»¼ ¾§ ¸»¿®¬ ·- ¿½½«³«´¿¬»¼ô ׬ ½¿² ³±ª» »ª»² ¿² »²¹·²» ·º °®±°»®´§ ®»¹«´¿¬»¼ò Þ«¬ ¬¸» °±©»® ±º »ª·´ ¬¸±«¹¸¬- ·-
ó ̸» ±²´§ ¿²¬·ó½±¿¹«´¿²¬ ¬± ¿ª±·¼ ¬¸»³ ·- ¬¸» °»¿½» ±º ³·²¼ô Ó±²»§ ½¿² ¾«§ ³¿²§- ¬¸·²¹- ¾«¬ ²±¬ °»¿½» ±º ³·²¼ò
ïîì
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
îìò Ü»¿¬¸ ·- ײ»ª·¬¿¾´»
¿±¶½·ºå±²º ®ªÙ®Ö ¿cͳ·º±³ ó DZ« ´·µ» ³» ±® ¸¿¬» ³»ô ¾«¬ ½¿²ù¬ ¿ª±·¼ ³»ô Ò±²» ½¿² ¬»´´ »¨¿½¬ ¬·³» ±º ³»ò ×¹²±®¿²¬ °»±°´» -¸±© ¬¸»·® ¸¿¬®»¼ ¬±©¿®¼- ³»ô ß²¼ ¿´©¿§- º»»´ ¿º®¿·¼ ±º ³»ò
Ü®«¹- ¿´-± ½¿²²±¬ °®±ª·¼» ®»¿´ °»¿½» ±º ³·²¼ô É·²» ¿²¼ ©¸·-µ§ ½¿²ù¬ °®±ª·¼» -±´¿½» ±º ¿²§ µ·²¼ò
ó oifuREkfyfudk cspfcsifcspf? rkef;csifrke;f yg?
'gayr,fh a½SmifvJí T r&yg/ uREkyf f&JU tcsdet f wdtusukd b,folrQ rodEdkifwm? em;rvnfolawGuawmh uREkfyu f dkrke;f Mu? NyD;awmh tpOfyJaMumufaeMu/
- 'gawGukpm;&m wpfenf;om? pdwNf idrf;csrf;rIyg/ aiGu0,fEdkifwm t&m&m? 'DtxJrSm pdwNf idrf;csrf;rIryg/ rl;,pfaq;0g;u pdwNf idrf;csrf;rIukd ray;pGr;f om? 0dkifeJY 0DpuDvnf; rwwfEdkfiyf g/
ó × ¿³ ´·µ» ¿² «²©»´½±³» ¹«»-¬ô Ûª»² ¬¸»² ¿ ²»© ´·º» × ¿´©¿§¾»¹»¬ò Ñ´¼ ¿¹» ·- ³§ -·-¬»® ¿²¼ ·´´²»-- ·³§ ¾®±¬¸»®ô Þ«¬ ²±²» ½¿² »-½¿°» º®±³ ³§ ²»¬ô ³¿§ ¾» ¿ -·-¬»® ±® ¿ ¾®±¬¸»®ò
ó Û³±¬·±²¿´ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ½¿² ¸»´°ô ¬± ¿¬¬¿·² °»¿½» ±º ³·²¼ô ݱ²¬»²¬³»²¬ ·- ¿´-± ¿ ®»³»¼§ ¬± ¹¿·² °»¿½» ±º ³·²¼ò Ø¿°°·²»-- ·- ¬¸» °¿²¿½»¿ ¬± µ»»° ¬¸» ¸»¿®¬ ¸»¿´¬¸§ô Þ«¬ ®»¿´ ¸¿°°·²»-- ½±³»- ±²´§ ¬± ¬¸» °«®» ¸»¿®¬ô ¿ °±±® ±® ¿ ©»¿´¬¸§ò
- uREfkyfum; rBudKqkdaom {nhfonf? b0opfudkvnf; tusdK;oufa&mufapw,f/ toufBuD;wm uREfkyfnDryrm? emzsm;jcif;u nDtpfudkyg/ 'gayr,fh b,folrQ uREfkyf\uGef&ufu ajy;rvGw?f nDtpfudk armifESryif {uefrcRwf/
- pdwNf idrf;csrf;rI&zdkY&m pdwyf dkif;qdkif&m pDrHrIom? a&mihf&Jwif;wdrfrIonfom? aq;NrD;wdkyrm/ aysmf½Tifjcif;[m ukxHk;yg? ESvk;H om;udkusef;rm? 'gayr,fh wu,fhaysm½f iT frIonfom ESvHk;om;usef;rmzdkY ukxHk;yg? qif;&Jcsrf;om ra½G;yg/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
ïîë
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
¨Ù«º½Ö¸±®Ï °³þ®r ±»ºå¨µ¼«º±´ rJh&eH?Y tEIid ;f rJt h azmf? tEIid ;f rJhtvSL (1)?tE$Idif;rJjh rpf? tEdIif;rJh&[ef;? tEIdif;rJhbm0em? tEIid f;rJhukokv d f (1)ESifh ('kw, d )ykdi;f ? tEIdif;rJhtvSL(2) [lonfh tEIid ;f rJhaqmifyg; (10)yk'u f kd pkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ pmjrnf; ]]&eHYwdik f;rSm olYyifukd,o f bm0eJY arT;ysHU oif;BudKifwJh"mwf&ySd gw,f/ NyD;awmh ywf0ef;usif ukd olY&JUtarT;"mwf ysHUEHYSatmif jzefYwwfwJhowåd&Sd ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh b,f&eHY b,favmufyaJ rT;arT; avatmufukdyJ ouf½k;d &Syd gw,f/avnmukw d uf½dk; ¬Û×¼·åº ®Ö¸ ú»Ø¸ r&Syd gbl;/ avpkeu f kdyJ qif;½dk;&Syd gw,f/ avqefukd - t&SifqE´m"du (a&Tyg&rDawm&) cGi;f ½dk;r&Sb d l;/ avoifh&myJ arT;G ½dk;&Sdygw,f/ avr - yxrtBudrf? 2005-ckESp?f oifh&mukd arT;½dk;r&Sdygbl;/ - wefzdk; (700)usyf? ukd,u f sifhoDvqkdwJh arT;&eHYuawmh av - a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjzefYa0a&;tzGJU trSw-f 61? pOfhtd;k wef;vrf;?vomNrdKUe,f? atmufukdvnf; oufovkd? avnmukdvnf;wuf ygw,f/ avpkeu f kdvnf; qif;ovkd? avqefukd &efukeNf rdKU/ zke;f -210462?226500 rS vnf; cGif;ygw,f/ avoifh&mvnf;arT;ovkd?av jzefYcsdonf/ roifh&mvnf; arT;ygw,f/ avatmufavnm? - pmrlciG hfjyKcsuftrSw-f 3203930506? avpkeaf vqef? a&SUaemuf0J,m? xufatmuf0ef; tyÜrm'"r®&or*¾Zif ;wGif rMumrMum usi?f tqD;twm;r&S?d tuefYtowfr&Sd arT;csifwidk f; f dik ;f ysHUESEYH ikd w f hJ tpGrf;owåd&w Sd ht J wGuf azmfjychJonfh t&Siq f E´m"du(a&Tyg&rDawm&)\ t arT;? ysHUEScYH siw uk , d u f sif o h v D &eH [ Y m tEI i d ; f rJ & h eH j Y zpf y gw,f /}} EdIif;rJhacgif;pOfaqmif;yg;rsm;onf pmzwfolwkdY ESpf q&mcspfOD;ndKu trSmpmwGif ]]rsufarSmuf NcdKufonfh pmpkrsm;jzpfygonf/,ckpmtkyw f iG f tEIid ;f urÇmBuD;&JU vlYtzGJUtpnf;uawmh tvGejf ref?tvGef
ïîê
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
½Iyf? tvGeaf xGjym;vSaywmrkdY y&dowf&JU ]em;}[m crf;em;a0qm? okdufNrdKuf
¾¼«Õw »Ü ±³±»³ÛÍ·¸º ±ÜªúÍ·± º ®µ·¼ åº -
&a0xGef; pwkw¬tBudr?f Ekd0ifbmv?1998-ckEpS ?f wefzdk; (800)usyf? yg&rDpmay 230? 29-vrf;(txufvrf;)?&efukeNf rdKU/ zke;f -253246 rS jzefYcso d nf/ - pmrlcGihfjyKcsuftrSw-f 60^98 (9)? Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siv f ufxufawmfü ay: xGe;f cJhaom bdu©KeDorkid f;ESihf ,aeYrsufarSmufacwf omoemhE, G f0ifoDv&Siforkd if;ukd twwfEkdifqkH; BudK;yrf;okawoejyKí pepfwusa&;om;azmfjy xm;onfh okawoeusrf;pmtkyfwpftyk jf zpfygonf/ pmjrnf;]]ysLtrsKd;orD;wkdYonf touf(20)txd
oDv&SiftjzpfjzifhaeNyD;? xkdrStxufwiG f raeEkid f vQif xGuf&ovk[ d kqkdojzifh aeEkdií f qufvufae xkid fomG ;olrsm;vnf; rnfrQrsm;jym;rnfukd pOf;pm; Munfhoifhayonf/ þokdYjzifh c&pfESpf (1)&mpkrS (3)&mpkavmuftxd w½kwt f ac:azsmuf? rGet f ac: wd&pf ko?f olwYu dk , kd w f idk f xkavmfusL[kac:qkcd hJ aom ysLvlrsKd;rsm;onf a&Tbkde,frS oa&acwå&m txd {&m0wDj rpf 0S rf ;wpf 0k d uf wGi f ae&m,lpjzpf í tajcrus rwk;d wufao;vifhupm; (3)&mpkrS (9) &mpktwGif; ESpaf ygif;(600)ausmftxd trsK;d bmom omoemrSpí wkd;wufvmum Ak'¨omoemawmf BuD;ukd aea&mif? va&mifyrm xdev f if;apvsuf &[ef;awmfrsm;? y@&*FtEG,f omoemwGi;f y&dAZkd f r,f (oDv&Sif)rsm;jzifh wifw h ,fí aernfukd odom Ekdifayawmhonf/}} pma&;olu 'kw, d tBudr½f ku d Ef ySd fjcif;rSwf csufwiG f ]]xkYad Mumifh þoDv&Sio f rkdi;f okawoe pmpOfonf oDv&Siw f Y\ kd tjzpfoepforkid f;aMumif; rQomru bdu©KeDomoemhorkdif;ESifh &Sm;yg;aom jrefrmhAk'¨omoemhorkid ;f wpfapmifjzpfonfESihaf vsmf nDpGm pmzwfoltm; Ak'¨omoemhorkdif;qkdif&m od rSwzf G,&f m A[kokwtjzmjzmukd auseyfzG,&f may; qufaernfjzpfaMumif; trSmpum;ajymMum;cGe;f qufvsuf rSwcf sujf yK&ygownf;}}[k qkdygonf/
ïîé
þ ®r ú ± ® öb Æ ·º å
þ®r¬¿©Ùå ¬¿®å¬¿¶¦®-³å - ukad &Taomif;0if; (rSwfwrf;jyKylaZmfonf) - yxrtBudrf? Mo*kwfv? 2005-ckEpS ?f - wefzdk; (600)usyf? - rsKd;qufopfpmay trSw-f 180? yxyf^,m?ql;avbk&m; vrf;?&efukeNf rdKU/zke;f -241128rS jzefYcsdonf/ - pmrlcGihfjyKcsuftrSw-f 3202900505? atmif qef;q&mawmf b'´EÅo'¨r®udwå d om& (r[mur®|memp&d,)ESihf tjynfjynfqkdif&m ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúov kd f jynfy'Dyvkrd moif wef;om;rsm;\ "r®a&;&mtar;tajzrsm;ukd rSwf wrf;wifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ pmjrnf; ]]ar; - jrwfAk'¨&JU yxrOD;qHk; a'oem awmf taeeJY bmaMumif h"r®p uúy0wå eokwu f kd a[m&ygovJ/ (bdu©Kousrked-uarÇm'D;,m;/) ajz - bmaMumifhw&m;OD;a'oemtjzpf a[mMum;&ovJqdw k m a[mawmfrlwhJacwforkid f; aemuf cHeJY 'Dokwfukd qpfykd if;avhvmMunf h&if txku d ftavsmuf oabmaygufEkdiyf gvdrfhr,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'Dokw[ f m tem *wfomoemukd yHkazmfr,fh Ak'¨&JUvrf;pOfeJY oabm xm;ukd twdtvif;aMunmxm;vkYyd gyJ/ wpfenf; tm;jzifh yef;wkid fukd csDwuf&r,fh vrf;pOfcsrSww f Jh okwfvdYk qkdEkdifygw,f/
yef;wkdiu f kd csDwufzq kYd kd&if vrf;pOf&zSd Yv kd kyd g w,f/ vrf;pOfr&SdbJ y&rf;ywmoGm;vkYd r&ygbl;/ Ak'¨&JU t"duyef;wkid fu ]edAÁmef}qkw d hJ Nidrf;csr;f a&;yef; wkid yf g/ tJ'ND idrf;csr;f a&;yef;wkid ftwGuf Ak'c¨ srSww f hJ vrf;pOfu ]rZösrd y#dy'g}ac:wJh r*¾if (8)yg;vrf;pOf yg/tusO;f csKyfvdu k f&if oDv? orm"d? ynmvrf;pOf ygyJ/ tJ'Dvrf;pOfukd omreftvG,w f ulcsrSwf EkdifcJhwm r[kwfygbl;/ b0c&D;wpfavQmuf jzwf oef;cJ&h wJh trSm;awGtay: tajcwnfNyD; azmfxkwf cJh&wmyg/ tpGe;f a&muf trSSm;awGukd ausmjf zwf NyD;rS &&SdvmwJh&v'fygyJ/}} rSww f rf;jyKylaZmfolu ]]ax&0g'Ak'¨om oemawmfBuD; urÇmwpfciG f ysHUESHUxGef;vif;a&; twGuf jrefrmEkid if Hawmftpk;d &rS ]tjynfjynfqikd f&m ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúokv d Bf uD;ukd zGifhvSpcf Jh w,f/ ax&0g'Ak'¨a'oemrsm;udkvnf; tEkid Ef ikd if HrS ausmif;om;rsm;ukd vufcHoifMum;ay;cJhw,f/tJ'D oifMum;csufawGukd vufawGU(Ю¿½¬·½¿´)qif;wJh taeeJY rkd;ukwf? r[mpnfpwJh &dyfomBuD;awGrSm oGm;a&mufNyD;awmh w&m;em? w&m;xkid f? w&m; aqG;aEG;&ygw,f/ tJ'D tpDtpOfeJY 2002-2003 ynmoif ESpf 'Dyvkdrmwef; (Ak'¨"r®)oifwef;om;rsm;jzpfwJh ½k&Sm;? tar&duef? eDayg? tdE´d,? rav;&Sm;? tif'kd eD;&Sm;? awmiftmz&du? rmvm0D? *syef? AD,uf erf? vmtd?k ykv d ef? b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? b&mZD;? w½kwf? ukd&;D ,m;Ekid if w H Yrdk S ausmif;om;rsm;[m rk;d ukwf0dyóem "r®&dyo f mtzGJUcGJ (77)rS r[mur®|memp&d, b'´EÅo'¨r®udwåo d m&xHukd a&mufvmcJhMuNyD; 'D ar;cGe;f av;awGukd ar;jref;jzpfMuw,f/ q&mawmf uvnf; ±² ¬¸» -°±¬ wpfxikd fwnf;ajzay;vkduf w,f/ 'Dtar;tajzawGudk tajcjyKNyD; 'D]"r®t awG;tar;tajzrsm;}qkdwJh pmrlav;jzpfay:vm& wmyg}}[k qkdygonf/
ïîè