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Anemias Definition: ↓↓ Hb concentration below the normal level for age and sex Classification: How to diagnose a case of anemia

History

Clinical picture

Laboratory Investigations www.mansfans.com

History Diet Drug intake Acute / chronic Hemorrhage Jaundice and dark urine Family history www.mansfans.com

Clinical picture Pallor Easy Fatigability Anorexia Tachycardia Hemic murmur

Laboratory Investigations

Is it a case of anemia or not?

What’s the type of this anemia?

What’s the cause of this Anemia?

Is it a Case of Anemia or Not? Hb concentration RBCs count Hematocrit value

If 3 parameters ↓↓ → anemia

What is the Type of Anemia? Microcytic hypochromic anemia Normocytic normochromic anemia Macrocytic anemia How to differentiate →by blood indices – Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) – Mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) – Mean corpuscular Hb conc (MCHC )

?What is the Cause of Anemia

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What is the Cause of Anemia? 1- Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia AE: – Iron deficiency – Thalassemia – Chronic Infection – Lead poisoning

Diagnosis: – serum Iron Ferritin – Hb electrophoresis – History of Infection – serum lead estimation

What is the Cause of Anemia? 2- Macrocytic Anemia

AE: – Anemia of newborn → excluded by age – Megaloblastic anemia Folic acid def. anemia (FiGlu test) Vit B 12 def. → (Schilling test)

What is the Cause of Anemia? 3- Normocytic Normochromic Anemia

AE: – Aplastic Anemia – Leukemia – Hemorrhagic Anemia – Hemolytic Anemia

Diagnosis www.mansfans.com

Reticulocytic Count High

Hemorrhagic

Low

Hemolytic

Aplastic

Leukemia

Coombs test +ve Immune

Auto immune

-ve Non immune

ISO immune

Congenital

Acquired

Hemolytic Anemia Definition: Excess destruction of RBCs before its normal life span. Types: ISO immune: – Rh incompatibility – ABO incompatibility Auto Immune: – Primary – Secondary:

Infection Drugs Liver diseases

Collagen diseases malignancy Paroxysmal Hemoglobinuria

Non Immune: – Acquired: Drugs Parasite

bacteria Burns

– Congenital:

Defect in enzyme G6PD (enz. assay)

Defect in Hb Defect in cell membrane sickle cell anemia cong. (Hb electrophoresis) microspherocytosis

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