A Matrix Of Philippine Educational System

A Matrix of Philippine Educational System EDUCATIONAL PERIOD Pre – Spanish

BRIEF HISTORY

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

The early Filipinos ♪ Rituals and ceremonies are were already civilized, consider as program that time before the Spanish came ♪ For conformity and conquer our country. They had government, laws, education, writing, literature, religion, customs and traditions, commerce and industries and arts and services.

EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES ♪ Apprenticeship – at home ♪ Knowledge and skills ♪ Institutionalized – religious and imitation ♪ Attending religious rituals and ceremonies

LEGAL MANDATES

PROPONENTS

♪ Code of Kalantiaw ♪ Parents ♪ Based on elderly rule of the ♪ Elders chief in the barangay ♪ Babaylan and Katalona

Spanish

Almost 333 years, ♪ Elementary Education colonize the Philippines . Parochial Schools They are after the 3G’s Visitas (chapel) God - religion ♪ Secondary Education Gold – treasure Seminarios – religious Glory - power vocation Beaterios – for girls Institutes Colegios ♪ Higher Education UST – Collegio de Sto. Rosario 1995 – World Youth Day - Mass in Quirino Grandstand and UST (Pope John Paul II) Collegio de San Jose

♪ Royal Decree of 1863 (Educational Act of 1863) Establishment of a complete system of education in the country comprising of elementary, secondary and collegiate levels The provision of government supervision and control of these schools The establishment of teacher training institutions

♪ Spanish missionaries

American Regime Treaty of Paris –Public School System December 10, 1898 ,♪ Mass Education terminated the Spanish-♪ Elementary American raging in Cuba Education and the Philippines were♪ Secondary ceded to the United Education States by Spain for the♪ Higher Education paltry sum of US♪ Vocational million. Education

♪ English language was ♪ First Philippine used as a medium of Commission (President instruction. William McKinley, April 7, ♪ New subject areas were 1900) introduced -reading, Bring about an era of a writing, arithmetic, new form of colonial language, good manners governance over a longand right conduct, civics, oppressed people. hygiene and sanitation, ♪ Educational Act No. 34 gardening, domestic (January 21, 1901) science, American Established the History and Philippine Department of Public History. Instruction ♪ American textbooks and ♪ Organic Act of 1916 reading materials were Department of Public the only educational Instruction is headed by a materials used. secretary. ♪ Technical/ vocational ♪ Act No. 74 – Educational skills were emphasized. Act of 1901 ♪ “Thomasites” were the ”Organic School Law” of first teacher. the Philippines ♪ Grade seven was Continuance of included. public/private schools Prohibits teacher from teaching religion ♪ Act No. 3162 & 3196 Munroe Survey Commission in 1925

♪ Thomasites ♪ President William McKinley

Evaluate the entire educational system they set up ♪ Concurrent Resolution No. 17 in the Philippine Legislature in 1925 Public schools were designed to promote the establishment of selfgoverning Philippine state, independent and democratic ♪ Act 477 – Bureau of Education ♪ Act 2708 – Government inspection and supervision of private school obligatory ♪ Act 2957 Board of Textbook

Commonwealth Period

Commonwealth started in 1935 with Manuel L. Quezon as the president. “Preparatory period” that would enable the Filipinos to deserve independence.

♪ Formal Institution of the Adult Education (called nonformal education) – Transfer the vocational-industrial education program from the formal to non-formal system.

♪ “Filipino” language was ♪ Commonwealth ♪ Manuel L. Quezon used as the medium of Act No. 80 in 1963 – Office instruction of Adult Education ♪ Vocational schools were ♪ Commonwealth Act No. 4 made more similar in – ROTC curriculum to Academic ♪ Executive Order No. 17 schools (Quezon Code of Ethics) – ♪ Celebration of National Foundation stone of Language Week every emerging philosophy of the August. Philippine Education system. ♪ 1935 Constitution moral character personal discipline civic conscience vocational efficiency citizenship training

Japanese Occupation

World War II ♪ It started when the naval of bombers attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in December 1941. The United States declared war against

Japan . As a consequence of this war the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. Because Philippines is a colony of America . For three years the Filipinos suffered (January 3, 1942 – July 5, 1945). ♪ The Fall of Bataan (Death March) – April 9, 1942

♪ re – opening of Elementary Schools ♪ re – opening of vocational and normal schools ♪ institutions of higher learning giving courses in agriculture, medicine, fisheries and engineering

♪ Executive Order No. 2 ♪ Jose P. Laurel - basic principles of required teachers to education obtain licenses after to make the people undergoing a rigid understand the position examination of the Philippines as a encouraged the member of East Asia propagation of Tagalog as Co-Prosperity Sphere the national language to eradicate the old idea of reliance upon the Western nations ♪ there was a strict to promote friendly censorship of textbooks relations between Japan and other learning and Philippines require that majority of materials to endeavor to the governing board of any ♪ the teachers were to elevate the morals of school, college or become condescending the people giving up the university be Filipino mouthpieces of Japanese overemphasis on citizens propaganda materialism to strive for the diffusion of Japanese language in the Philippines to terminate the use of English in due course ♪ Japanese language is popularize to terminate the use of English ♪ Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs & games

The march started from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando , Pampanga where many Americans and Filipinos died. ♪ The Fall of Corrigedor – May 6, 1942 Corrigedor fell in the hands of the Japanese ♪ Puppet Government – where Japanese Military Chief governs Jose P. Laurel is he president of the Philippines during that time

to put an importance to the diffusion of elementary education and to the promotion of vocational education to inspire the people with the spirit to love labor

Third Republic

Manuel Roxas is the ♪ the concept of academic ♪ moral character ♪ Article XIV, section 5 of first president of the freedom the quality of a person the 1935 Constitution Third Republic . During only universities that guides his thinking, ♪ Commonwealth Act his administration he established by the State behavior and relationshipsNo.586 (Educational Act of granted general amnesty ♪ religious instruction in the with others 1940) to those who had public schools ♪ personal discipline meet the increasing collaborated with the optional and its an inner force that demand for public school Japanese in World War implementation would have to inhibits a person from teacher II. Elpidio Quirino was be in accordance with what doping what is right to his shifting morning and elevated to the was already authorized by the welfare as well as to the afternoon class presidency when Roxas existing law welfare of others died of heart attack in ♪ the creation of scholarships ♪ civic conscience 1948. in 1953, Ramon in the arts, sciences and letters social concern and Magsaysay was elected. was for specially gifted involvement in the He is known as the “Man citizens society of the Masses”. He died for those who posses a ♪ vocational efficiency in an airplane crash in certain level of capability for productivity March 1957. carlos academic studies and are ♪ complete and adequate Garcia succeeded to the unable to afford the cost of system of public presidency after college education education Magsaysay’s death. changes with the changing time and the changing needs of changing human beings

His administration emphasized the

♪ Manuel Roxas ♪ Elpidio Quirino ♪ Ramon Magsaysay ♪ Carlos Garcia ♪ Diosdado Macapagal

nationalist theme of “Filipino First”, arguing that the Filipino people should be given the chance to improve the country’s economy. Diosdado Macapagal was elected president in the 1961 election. He changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, to honor the day Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain in 1898.

New Society

♪ First Term ♪ Individual as a useful ♪ Elementary/Primary – ♪ Executive Order No. 202in ♪ Ferdinand Edralin infrastructure member of society 6yrs 1969 – Presidential Marcos development (road Government’s book Boys and girls (6-12 Commission to Study construction, bridges, program y/o) Philippine Education MERALCO, PNR, ♪ Education for all 7-5pm weekdays (PCSPE) Nawasa, PLDT) ♪ Integrated System of ♪ High School/Secondary ♪ Presidential Decree 6-a convention centers Education Boys and girls (12-16 (amended by PD 12350 – (CCP, PICC, Folk Arts National College Entrance y/o) EDPITAF (Educational Theatre, PhilTrade, Examination (NCEE) 7-5pm weekdays Development Projects National Arts Center ) Youth Civic Action ♪ College/University Implementing Task Force) successful drive Program (YCAP) /Tertiary ♪ Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 against smuggling Bilingual Policy Program Boys and girls (16/up) ♪ PD 1139 – expanded from in 1968, Philippines ♪ Productivity ♪ Vocational Commonwealth Act No. 80 become self-sufficient in ♪ Emphasis on Research ♪ 1973 Constitution Article rice production ♪ Responsiveness to changing XV Sec. 8 Land reform was needs and conditions ♪ Educational Act of 1982 given to 3,739 farmers ♪ Quality education ♪ PD 1 – Integrated Philippines became a ♪ Non-formal education Reorganization Plan of 1972 member of ASEAN ♪ Optional Religious Bureau of Elementary instruction Education Bureau of Secondary Education

♪ State Supervision and Control of Schools – Minister ♪ Second Term of Education Culture and criticisms followed his Sports (MECS) victory (human rights ♪ NESC – New Elementary violation, corruption, School Curriculum high student tuition fees, military abuse) January 1970: Battle of Mendiola ♪ NSEC – New Secondary June 1971: ConCon is Education Curriculum held to review the 1935 ♪ PRODED – Program for Constitution Decentralized Educational Plaza Miranda Development Bombing The 1973 Constitution was brought Proclamation of 1081 (Martial Law)

Bureau Of Technical And Vocational Education Bureau of Higher Education Bureau of Continuing Education

Aquino After the Marcos ♪ Adult Education Program ♪ To improve the quality ♪ R.A 6728 – Act providing ♪ Corazon C. administration, the ♪ Non formal Education and increase the Government Assistance to Aquino events that followed ♪ Technical and Vocational relevance of education Students and Teachers in happed one after another Education and training Private education – July 10, with lightning speed. ♪ Physical Education and ♪ To increase access of 1989 Since Marcos and his School Sports disadvantaged groups in ♪ E.O No. 27 – July 4, 1986 family left the State, and ♪ Scholarships and incentives all educational areas ♪ E.O No.189 – June 10, no one will lead the ♪ Free Public Education in ♪ To accelerate the 1987 country, Gen. Ramos and Elementary and High school development of middle ♪ Philippine Constitution Sec. Enrile declared their ♪ ESCS – Educational Service and high level manpower 1987 – Article XIV; Sec. 1-2 new choice of president Contracting Scheme required by economic ♪ R.A 7104 – Comm. On to succeed Marcos, ♪ SEDP - Secondary recovery and sustainable Filipino Language Corazon Aquino, the Education Developmental growth as well as enhance ♪ R.A 6959 – Provincial widow of Benigno Program their employability, Centers for Science and Aquino. She took her productivity, and selfTechnology oath of office to become reliance the new leader of the country in Club Filipino at Greenhills. She immediately set up a new constitution that was speedily written and reorganized. It was ratified on February 2, 1987 .

Even the entire

Fidel V. Ramos

National election was ♪ Early Childhood Care and ♪ grade 1-6 years old held on May 11, 1992 Development program ♪ National School under the Saligang Batas ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Enrolment day 1986. It was the first Education Project ♪ Increase in number of time in the Philippine ♪ NEAT – National schooldays history to have many Elementary Achievement Test ♪ Science / Science and candidates in all ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Technology positions and political Assessment Test ♪ Computer-base parties who wanted to ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for information serve the country. Basic Education Miriam Santiago was ♪ CET one of them. She was ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic supported and loved by Education many of her constituents, ♪ Book Publishing Industry especially the youths in Manila . But when the votes from Mindanao were counted, Pres. Aquino declared the hero of People’s Revolution and former Chief of Constabulary, Fidel V. Ramos as the new president to succeed her. It was June 22, 1992 .

He took his oath of office on June 30, 1992 in the Freedom

♪ R.A 8047 – Book ♪ Fidel V. Ramos Publishing Industry Development Act – June, 1995 ♪ R.A 7722 – CHED – May 18, 1994 ♪ R.A No. 7743 – June 17, 1994 – establishing municipal libraries and brgy. reading centers ♪ R.A 7731 – abolishing NCEE (NSAT to NAT) ♪ R.A 7784 – Act Strengthen Teacher Education by Establishing Centers of Excellence, Creating a Teacher Education Council for the purpose, Appropriating Funds Thereof, and for other purposes – Aug. 4, 1994 ♪ R.A 7796 – TESDA – Aug. 25, 1994 ♪ R.A. 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994

♪ R.A 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

Grandstand at Luneta. Under his term, a flurry of education reforms were being rushed to completion

♪ R.A 8190 – Granting priority appointment or assignment to public school teacher who reside in a brgy., municipality or city near the school ♪ R.A 8491 – Prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat of arms and other heraldic items and devices ♪ R.A 8492 – Establishing the national museum system and providing for its permanent home ♪ R.A. 8496 – Establishing the Philippine Science High School System ♪ R.A. 8525 – Establishing adopt-a-school program ♪ School for the Future (SOF) – school using multimedia technology

Joseph Estrada

Arroyo

♪ “Erap para sa ♪ Bureau of Elementary ♪ Starts from June and ♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of ♪ Joseph Ejercito Mahirap” Education ends in March Basic Education Act Estrada ♪ Philippine Daily Multigrade Program In ♪ Nursery up to ♪ D.O No. 56, s. 2001 – Inquirer Philippine Education Kindergarten (age 4) Policy on Educational Field ♪ Corruption charges and Preschool Service learn basic things Trips Impeachment Contracting Program through drawing and ♪ D.O No. 54, s. 2001 – ♪ EDSA II Revolution SPED Personnel other playful activities Revision of “Panatang Enhancement Program 1-3 hrs of school and Makabayan” Resource Materials usually in morning ♪ D.O No. 51, s. – Collection Development for Children ♪ Primary or Elementary of School Publication Fees with Special Needs (CSNs) Schools (age 6-12) ♪ D.O No. 45, s. 2001 – Early Intervention Program usually 6 years of revision of Alphabet and for Children with Disabilities schooling but some Guide in Spelling of Standards for Quality school adds an additional Philippine Language Elementary Education level ♪ D.O No. 35, s. 2001 – (SQEE) average hours spent in Payment of Teachers ♪ Bureau of Secondary school is 6 ♪ PCER – Presidential Education the level of primary Commission on Educational Three Division school are grouped into reform 1.Curriculum Development two primary subdivisions: ♪ Succession in 2001 2. Staff Development Division the Primary Level and the ♪ Oakwood Mutiny 3. Population Education Unit Intermediate Level ♪ The 2004 Election and CS-PST (Community shifting of classes is Subsequent Rigging Service and Public Safety done by subdivisions or Allegations Training) by alternate ♪ Foreign policy and (odd/even) levels “war on terror” ♪ Charter Change TSD-MSP (Thinking Skills ♪ State of Emergency Development for Maximized curriculum includes the Cognitive Development) core subjects (Math, Teacher Training Program English and Makabayan)

ANALYSIS: The Educational system of the Philippines was influenced by the colonializations of Spanish, Americans and from the previous presidents up to the present. The educational programs and practices in every period have their own approach in teaching though others are the same in such aspects. The colonializations of Spaniards to the Philippines have brought structure and order not only to the educational system but also to the country itself. The religion was brought. The learning was transferred to generation and up to now. The Americans contributed more in making laws and restructuring the educational practices. As different periods and president comes, the curriculum is getting intensive and comprehensive that brought us new subjects and strategies on how to improve the educational system. IMPLICATION: Since the colonialization of the Spaniards, Americans up to Japanese until the different president comes, I could say that little by little, the education has evolved. Different educational program arose: ♪ Elementary Education ♪ Higher Education Parochial Schools♪ Mass Education ♪ Vocational Education Visitas (chapel) ♪ Elementary ♪ Secondary Education Education Seminarios – religious vocation ♪ Secondary Beaterios – for girls Education

Institutes

Colegios ♪ Higher Education♪ Early Childhood Care and Development program ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project ♪ NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education ♪ CET ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic Education ♪ Book Publishing Industry All of that are still use today and still be using for the next generation.

A Matrix of Philippine Educational System Tripoli, Romelyn C.

II-22 #5