A Brief Journey Through Arabic Grammar
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View A Brief Journey Through Arabic Grammar as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 5,363
- Pages: 28
18
Arabic Grammar
3 APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Subject and Predicate………………………… 19 Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20 Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… 22 Adjective and its Noun………………………… 23 The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24 Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26 Pronouns………………………………………… 26 The Prepositions…………………………………29 Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30 The Tense…………………………………………31 10a. Past Tense ………………………………… 31 10b. Imperfect Tense ………………… ……… 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42
18
19
Arabic Grammar
1. Subject and Predicate ¦»Â¦¾¬¦÷ Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen (
Æ
Æ
¦¾¬¦÷ and ¦»
) on each of these
) is also known as double pesh or
double dhammah.
ê ó¢»É Ȧ
Allah is creator.
¦û¾ ø¸÷
Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet.
¾ ÿ¢´÷Ƽʰ¢×
Tariq is a Mujahid.
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************ creator
ê ó¢»
prophet
¦û
one who
¾ ÿ¢´÷
struggles house
ª ¥
big mg. slave
Z¦ï ¾¦ß
pious
¶ ó¢Ï
truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï
religion
úÊ®
one
¾· ¦ÈÂ
scholar
ö ó¢ß
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big.
Z¦ïª ¦óȦ
Islam is a religion.
The slave is pious.
¶ ó¢Ï¾¦àó¦
Allah is one.
The Muslim is truthful.
Ƽʮ¢Ïöô ÈøóȦ
Javeed is a scholar
úʮɿ¢ôÇ ¢óȦ ¾ ·¦ÈÂÉ È¦ ö ó¢ß¾Ê¢³
19
20
2. Masculine and Feminine Genders
Arabic Grammar
® û÷ÈÂÂMïÀ ÷
You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., lies the rule. Just put
¨
ò ø³ for a boy and ¨ô ø³ for a girl.
There
at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).
For example,
¨ ïȯ ïȯ ¨ü÷ ÷
¨¸ ó¢Ï ¶ ó¢Ï ƨ¾ ˦Ȱ ¾ ˦Ȱ
ú ÷÷ ƨ¾¥¢ß
¾¥¢ß
¨¾ ó¢»
¾ ó¢»
Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic. 2. A common sign of a feminine word is
¨
3. To make a specific reference, we put
̾Ȧ in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put
(in general) as the last letter of the word.
"the" in front of a common noun in English. When ̾Ȧ is attached to an Arabic word, we remove one of
É
(dhamma or pesh) from the two
Æ
(Tanveen or double pesh). For
example,
É¾Ç ÂóȦ ƾÇÈ° ÉÀ¢Èû ¢óȦ ÆÀ¢Èûʦ 4. Occasionally, the prefix
̾Ȧ
¾ø¸óȦ
¾ø·
is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À¢Èû ¢óȦ (the human
being). 5. If the
¦¾º¬¦÷
For example,
(subject) is feminine, then its
¶ ó¢Ïɧ¢óȦ
¦º»
(predicate) will also be feminine.
¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿¢óȦ
Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following lesson.
20
21
Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************ mg. small
Z äÏ
fg. small
ƨZ äÏ
uncle (mother's brother)
ƾ¢»
mg. beautiful
ò ø³
aunt (mother's sister)
¨ó¢»
fg. beautiful
¨ô ø³
mg. big
Z¦ï
fg. big
ƨZ¦ï
brother
mg. intelligent
ïȯ
mg. worshipper
¾¥¢ß
father
ƧȦ
uncle (father's brother)
ö ß
fg. worshipper
ƨ¾¥¢ß
mother
K¿É¦
aunt (father's sister)
¨ øß
mg. truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï ÆȦ
ú¥Ê¦
son
ªü¥
daughter
sister
ª»É¦
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The son is beautiful.
ò ø³ú¥ ¢óȦ
The daughter is beautiful.¨ô ø³ªü¦óȦ
The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent.
ï¯É¢óȦ ¨ ïȯª»¢óȦ
The father is pious.
¶ ó¢Ïɧ¢óȦ
The uncle is truthful.
Ƽʮ¢Ïɾ¢¼óȦ
The mother is pious.
¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿¢óȦ
The aunt is truthful.
¨ëÊ®¢Ï¨ó¢¼óȦ
The uncle is big. The aunt is big.
Z¦ï öàóȦ ƨZ¦ï¨ øà óȦ
The son is small. The daughter is small.
Z äÏú¥óȦ ƨZ äϪü¦óȦ
21
22
Arabic Grammar
3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø³¨ü°«¾ ·¦È There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural (ö ó¢ºÇÞf ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈð«Þf ). The plural form depends upon the context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only): 'Aaraab forms ↓
¸çÂ÷
with Dhamma ( É- ); when used as subject
§Ðü÷
with Fatha
(È- );
when used as object
°Ì´÷
with Kasra
( Ê- );
when the noun is used with preposition
Plural
Dual
Singular
Gender mg.
ÈÀøô È÷ Ç©¢øô È ÷
ÊÀ¢ø ôÈ÷ ÀÊ ¢¬ø ô È ÷
ö ôÈ÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
[ ø ô È÷ Ç©¢øô È ÷
ú ø ô È÷ ú ¬ø ô È ÷
ö ô È÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
mg.
[ ø ô È÷ © Ç ¢øô È ÷
ú ø ô È÷ ú ¬ø ô È ÷
ö ô È÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
mg.
fg.
fg.
fg.
******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite
ê ç¢ü÷
believer
ú ÷÷
disbeliever
 ç¢ï
patient
Â¥¢Ï
helper
 Ϣû
worshipper
¾¥¢ß
scholar
ö ó¢ß
one who struggles
pious
¶ ó¢Ï
killer
protector
Ú ç¢·
one who prostrates
¾ ÿ¢´÷
one remembers
who
 ï¦È¯
ò «¢ë
truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï
¾³¢Ç
prophet
¦û
22
23
Arabic Grammar
4. Adjective and its Noun»Ï ÷¨èÏ Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim
Ƽʮ¢Ïö ôÈ÷
a pious person
a small book
Z äÏƧ¢¬ ï
a trustworthy uncle
a big mosque
Z¦ï¾´È÷
a beautiful house
These phrases are said to be composed of
¶ ó¢Ïò³È° [ ÷Ȧƾ¢» ò ø³ª ¥
¨ººè Ï (adjective) and »Ï ÷ (the noun of the
adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim then true
¼Ê®¢º ºÏ) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them.
ö ôÈ÷
The tanveen could be Å or
Ç
and
Æ
or
depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those of
¦»¦¾¬¦÷
(subject and predicate) except that in case of
¨è Ï
»Ï÷ : 1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with
¾Ì ¦È , then the second will also have ¾Ì ¦È
attached to it.
For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have: the true Muslim
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô ÈøóȦ
the pious person
the small book
Zä Ðó¦É§¢¬ ðóȦ
the trustworthy uncle
[÷ ¢ó¦É¾¢¼óȦ
the big mosque
Z¦ð 󦾴 Èø óȦ
the beautiful house
ò ø´ó¦ª ¦óȦ
And remember, as in case of
¦»¦¾¬¦÷
¶ó ¢ Ðó¦ò³ ÂóȦ
(subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,
the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô ÈøóȦ ÈÀëÊ®¢ Ðó¦ÈÀøô ÈøóȦ
the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women
¨ë Ê®¢ Ðó¦¨ø ô ÈøóȦ É©¢ëÊ®¢ Ðó¦É©¢ø ôÈøóȦ
23
24
Arabic Grammar
==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( noun (
»Ï ÷ ȨèÏ
¦» Ȧ¾¬¦÷
) and for adjective and its
).
The house is big.
Z¦ï ª¦ó¦È
the big house
Z¦ð 󦪦ó¦È
The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful. The path is straight. The uncle is pious. The aunt is pious.
¶ó ¢Ï¾¦à ó¦È
the pious slave
¶ó ¢ Ð󦾦à ó¦È
Ƽ®Ê ¢Ïöô Èøó¦È
the truthful Muslim the straight path
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô Èøó¦È
ö ì¬È÷ɶ¦ÂÐóȦ
ö ì¬Èøó¦É¶¦ÂÐóȦ
¶ó ¢Ï öà ó¦È
the pious uncle
¶ó ¢ Ðó¦ öà óȦ
¨¸ ó ¢Ï¨ó¢¼ó¦È
the pious aunt
¨¸ ó ¢ Ðó¦¨ó¢¼ó¦È
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive þ󤻢Ô÷»¢Ô÷ Look at the following phrases and their translations: the creation of Allah
Ê ¦êô»
the house of Allah
the nation of Hud
Ç®ÿÉ¿ë
the call of the prophet
Ê¾Ç Âó¦É¨ßÈ®
ÊÀ¡Âìó¦öð·
the creation of Allah
Ê ¦êô»
the command of the Qur'an
Ê ¦ª ¥
Notes: 1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the second word has
¾È¢
attached with it, then instead of double kasra
( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.
êºô» in the sentence Ê ¦êô» is called »¢Ô÷. called þ󤻢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun.
3. The first noun
The second noun Ê ¦ is
24
25
4. In Arabic the construction of »¢Ô÷ and
Arabic Grammar
þ󤻢Ô÷
automatically takes care of the " 's "
or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of
»¢ººÔ÷
and
þ󤻢Ô÷
automatically implies specific person or
thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase. *********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 *********************** grance
òÔç
day
Æ¿
words way, system
rebellion
ÆÀ¢ä×
judgement
úÊ®
the people
ɲ¢ üóȦ
to establish
¨÷¢ëʤ
house
Æ°¦È®
the prayer
ɨ¢ô ÐóȦ
messenger
Æ¿¢ôï ¨ üÇ Æ¾ÇÈ° ¤È°
doubt
hereafter
ƨ »¡
to obey
¨ß¢×ʤ
human being ÆÀ¢Èûʦ
food
Æ¿¢à×
parents
ú¾ ó¦ÊÂ
remembrance
sinner
ö ¯È¦
earth
Ƶ̰Ȧ
the most
Âïʯ
úø·È°
beneficent ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of ʨ¢ô Ðó¦¨÷ ¢ëʤ the words of Allah Ê ¦É¿¢ôï prayer the obedience to ú¾ ó¦ó¦¨ß ¢×ʤ the book of Allah Ê ¦É§¢¬ ï parents the earth of Allah the way of the Ê ¦ÉµÌ°È¢ Ê¾Ç Âó¦¨ üÇ messenger the rebellion of the doubt of the ʲ¢ üó¦ÉÀ¢ä× the ÊÀ¢Èûó¦¤È° people human being the house of the remembrance of ʨ »ó¦É°¦È® the úø· Âó¦Âïʯ hereafter the most Beneficent. the food of the ö ¯ó¦É¿¢à× the grace of Allah Ê ¦òÔç sinner the house of Hamid the day of judgement
¾ ÷¢·ª ¥
ú¾ó¦É¿
25
26
6. Interrogatives
Arabic Grammar
¿¢ è¬Ç ¦©¦Â®¢
When
U÷
Who
ú÷
Where
úȦ
What
¢÷¦È¯¢÷
Why
¦È¯¢ø ó
Which (masculine)
NÄȦ
How much, How many
öï
Which (feminine)
¨ Ȧ
Is?
È¢òÿ
How
æ ï
¦
Am?
Are?
Do?
Have?
7. Pronouns
 ¢øÓ 7a. Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
¾Ïø ó¦öÇ ¦Ê
¨È°¢Ë¢ ó¦öÇ ¦Ê
(The one) who (The two) who (Those) who (The one) who (The two) who (Those) who
Ä ÀóM¦È
That
î ó ¯
This
ÀÊ ¦ÀóM¦È
Those (two)
î û ¯
¦Àÿ
sr.
These (two)
ÀÊ ¦Àÿ
dl.
ú ÀóM¦È
Those (more than two)
î óÂɦ
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
ÁÊ À ÿ
sr.
¦
¦
Number
¬óM¦È
That
î ô «
This
ÀÊ ¢¬óM¦È
Those (two)
î û¢«
These (two)
ÀÊ ¢«¢ÿ
dl.
«¢Mó¦È
Those (more than two)
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
î óÂɦ
Gender
mg.
fg.
26
27
Arabic Grammar
7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns Examples on pronouns his book
their house
¢ø ¬¥
their belief
ö û¢{¦Ê
her mother their house
¢ ÷ ¦É ¢ø ¬¥
their house
ú ¬¥
your book your house
î ¥¢¬ï
your messenger your house your book
þ¥¢¬ï
¢ø𠬥
Possessive Pronouns
ÿ
sr.
¢øÿ
they two
¢øÿ
dl.
their
ö ÿ
they
ö ÿ
pl.
her
¢ÿ
she
ÿ
sr.
¢øÿ
they two
¢øÿ
dl.
their
ú ÿ
they
ú ÿ
pl.
your
½È
you
ª û¦È
sr.
¢ø¬û¦È
dl.
their (of two)
their (of two)
your (of two)
¢øï
ö ð óÇ °È
you
ö ï
î ¬¥
your
½Ê
¢øð ¥¢¬ï
your house
ú 𠬥
my book gave me rizq our book
¥¢¬ï üë±È° ¢ü¥¢¬ï
No.
he
his
Á
Personal Pronouns
your (of two) your my
me our
¢øï ú ï Ä û ¢û
you two you all
ö ¬û¦È
you
ª û¦È
sr.
¢ø¬û¦È
dl.
ú ¬û¦È
pl.
¢û¦È
sr.
you two you all I
pl
Gender
Person
mg.
3rd person fg.
mg.
2nd person fg.
mg. fg. 1st
we
ú¸ û
dl., pl.
mg., fg.
person
NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.
27
28
Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ Companions
Ƨ¢¸ÏȦ
hearing
ÞøÇ
and
ÈÂ
for
¾È ʾ
Shop
ÆÀ¢MïÉ®
relatives
òÿȦ
from
ú ÷
I helped
É©ÂÐû
Verily
MÀʦ
son
ú¥¦
Sustainer, Lord
K§È°
tongue
À¢È ó
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim.
ö ôÈ÷ÿ
You are a scholar.
I am a believer.
ú ÷÷¢ûȦ
She is righteous.
your tongue
öðû¢È ó
for him
towards me
óʦ
ü¥Ê¦
my son I helped him
þ«ÂÐû
ö ó¢ßªûȦ ¨¸ ó¢Ï ÿ þó
towards them (females) for us
ú óʦ öð ûʦ
from you
îü ÷
towards us
¢ü óʦ
verily you (males)
towards them (males) from you
ö óʦ
your hearing
îü ÷
verily we
¢ü ûʦ
our Lord
¢ü ¥È°
my house
¬ ¥
your Lord
öð ¥È°
for them
¢ø ó
my relatives
ôÿȦ
our messenger
¢üó ÇÈ°
¢üó öðàøÇ
28
29
Arabic Grammar
8. The Preposition ³»Â· Prepositions
ç
in
ª¥ ç
in a house
ú ÷
We read from the Qur'an.
ôß
on a mountain
from on
Examples of Prepositions / usage
¦
Ƚ
like
úß
about
ÊÀ¡Âìó¦ú ÷¢ûÌ¢Âë ò¦³ôß ò ³Â ï
like a man I heard
¾´Èøó¦ çʨô Ðó¦úߪàø Ç
about Prayer in the Masjid
ʧ
with
ʾ
for
óʦ
¦
towards until
¬·
¦
by (of oath)
ÈÂ
I enetered with security
Ç¿¢ôÈ¥ªô» È®
for people
ʲ¢ üô ó
towards a city
¾ô¥óʦ
until the day-break
´èó¦ÞôØ÷ ¬·
By Allah
Ê ¦ÈÂ
Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors. 2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).
29
30
Arabic Grammar
9. Subject òß ¢ç , Verb òàç , and Object ¾àè÷ In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on the object. Look at the following examples: Hameed read the Qur'an.
¢û ¢Âë¾ ø·È¢Âë
Iqbal wrote a book.
¢¥¢¬ ïƾ¢¦ëʦ¤¬ï
¦
In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 *************************
È¢Âë
read
made
òà³
created
ȼÂç
collected
wrote
¤¬ï
separated
cheated
ȸ¾»
water
Æ ¢÷
wealth, means
êô» Þø³ ƾ¢÷
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad ¢óÇM°¦¾ ø¸ ÷É ¦òà³ (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people.
Ȳ¢ üó¦É ¦êô»
Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Note: When a word is attached with -É
¢¥¢¬ ïÉ ¦È¾ÄûȦ ÈÀ¢Èû ¢ó¦ÉÀ¢Ø Ìó¦È¸¾»
¸¦ó¦¢üëÂç ¾Ì ¢È then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah (
) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences,
¼ Æ °Êº ¢×
É ¢ØÌ óȦ has one dhammah since ¾Ì ¦È is attached with ÀÆ ¢ØË has double dhammah, whereas À
. Similarly,
¢óÇ°È
¦ó¦È has only one fathah. has double fathah, whereas  ¸
30
31
10.
Arabic Grammar
Tense
10a. The Past Tense
Ó¢÷òàç Ó¢÷
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
òàç
Á
ÿ
sr.
àç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
¦ôà ç
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ªôàç
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
¢¬ôàç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úôàç
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
you did
ªôàç
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
you all did
ö¬ôàç
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
you did
ªôàç
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
you all did
ú¬ôàç
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
I did
ªôàç
Ä
¢ûȦ
We did
¢üôàç
¢û
ú¸û
Past Tense
he did they two did they all did she did they two did they all did
Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual;
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n)
31
32
Arabic Grammar
Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a *************************
òàç
he went
¤¬ï
he killed
È¢Âë
he made
he did he wrote he read
he found
¾³ÈÂ
ò¬ë
he refused
Âèï
òà³
he joined
òÏÈÂ
he created
êô»
he sent
®à¥
he provided rizq
ȼȱȰ
ÂÐû
he opened
¶¬ç
ȧÂÓ
he entered
ò»È®
he helped he hit,
¤ÿȯ
gave example he demanded
¤ô×
he drank
ȧÂË
====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your answers.
mg. dl. they opened
¢¸¬ç
¦¦¬ï
mg. pl. they wrote
mg. pl. you did
ö¬ôàç
mg. you helped
mg. pl. they did
¦ôà ç
mg./fg. dl. you two opened
mg./fg. dl. you two did mg. dl. they two did
¢ø¬ôàç ¢ôàç
mg. you did
ªôàç
fg. she did
ªôàç
fg. pl. they did mg. pl. you went
úôàç ö¬¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ø«ÂÐû
È©ÂÐû ¢ø¬¸¬ç
mg. pl. you demanded
ö¬¦ô×
mg. dl. they two wrote
¢¦¬ï
mg. pl. they demanded
¦¦ô×
mg. you went
ª¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. they two
¢ø¬¦ô×
demanded mg. pl. you wrote
ö¬¦¬ï
32
33
Arabic Grammar
mg. you demanded
ª¦ô×
fg. dl. they two hit
¢¬¥ÂÓ
fg. dl. they two helped
¢«ÂÐû
mg. pl. they went
¦¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two went
¢ø¬¦ÿȯ
mg. you opened
ª¸¬ç
mg. pl. you helped
ö«ÂÐû
mg./fg. dl. you two wrote
fg. you wrote
ª¦¬ï
mg. he wrote
¤¬ï
mg. pl. you opened
ö¬¸¬ç
¢ø¬¦¬ï mg. pl. they opened
¦¸¬ç
mg. you demanded
ª¦ô×
mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit
¢¦ÿȯ ¦¥ÂÓ
Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´÷ »ÂÂà÷ You already know that as
ò à ç
òàç
means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it
which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below. mg. pl. you created mg. he killed Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent
ö¬ìô» ò¬ë ¦¦ô× ®à¥
mg. pl. you were created mg. he was killed
ö¬ì ô» ò ¬ ë
mg. pl. they were demanded ¦¦ ô× mg. he was sent
® à ¥
I sent
ª°à¥
I was sent
ª° à¥
we provided
¢üëȱȰ
we were provided
¢üë±Ê É°
mg. pl. they provided
¦ëȱȰ
mg. pl. they were provided
¦ë±Ê É°
Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message. The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.
33
34
̸°Ê ¢Ô÷ òàç
10b. The Present (and Future) Tense Present Tense
Gender: Number:
¸°¢Ô÷
Arabic Grammar
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
No. Gender
he does
òà è
Á
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀàè
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
they do
ÈÀôà è
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
she does.
òà è«
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀàè«
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
they do.
úôàè
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
you do
ò à è «
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
you do
ÀÈ ôà è «
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
you do
[ ô à è «
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
you do
ú ô à è «
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
I do
òà çȦ
Ä
¢ûȦ
We do
òà èû
¢û
ú¸û
mg: Masculine gender; sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual;
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg: Feminine gender pl: Plural (n)
34
35
Arabic Grammar
IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È»Ç before the
¸°¢Ô÷
forms.
****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
mg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ
úôà´«
fg. pl. you make
mg. he collects
Þø´
mg. dl. you two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
I know
öôßȦ
fg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
I open
¶¬çȦ
mg. dl. you two make
ÊÀ¢ôà´«
fg. sr. you collect
Þø´«
fg. dl. they two make
ÊÀ¢ôà´«
mg. pl. they thank
ÈÀÂÂðÌ
¾¦àû
pl. we worship
ÈÀÂÂèð
mg. pl. they recite
ÈÀô¬
I worship
¾¦ßȦ
mg. pl. you recite
ÈÀô¬«
mg. you know
öôà«
mg. they don't know
we don't hear
ÞøÈû¢ó
mg. pl. they disbelieve
I don't disbelieve
ÈÀøôà¢ó ÂèïȦ¢ó
ÈÀûÄ ¸öÿ¢óÈÂ
And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah.
Ê ¦È¿¢ôïÈÀàøÈ
I do not worhsip what you worship.
ÈÀ¾¦à«¢÷¾¦ßȦ¢ó È ¦¢Móʦ¾¦àû¢ó
We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger.
þ óÇÈ°ÈÂÊ ¢¥ÈÀü ÷ ¦
35
36
Arabic Grammar
Active and Passive Voice: As you have seen earlier, in case of present tense,
òàç
is made passive by writing
òà è
ò à ç
for verbs in past tense. However,
is made passive by writing it as
òà è
, i.e., first letter will have
dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask
ɧÂÌ
he is made / given to drinkɧÂÌ
ÈÀÂÂÐü
they (all, mg) are helped ÈÀÂÂÐü
ɾȫ
you (mg) are asked
ɾȫ
************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened.
ÈÀ ìè úô È ÈÀ碼¢ó ¶¬è
they cut they will not asked they they are killed
ÈÀàØì ÈÀó È«¢ó ÈÀô ´ ÈÀô¬ì
ÈÀàØì¢ó
you understand
ö è«
you are provided.
ÈÀëȱ«
you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«
you are provided.
ÈÀëȱ«
you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«
they do not cut
36
37
Arabic Grammar
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative ûÂÂ÷¢È You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd person). Therefore, the imperative and negative forms for only the 2nd person are provided below.
û
Negative Imperative
Imperative
Â÷Ȧ
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
No. Gen- Perder son
Don't do (it).
ò à è «¢ó
Do (it).
ò à ç ¦Ê È½ ªûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ôà è «¢ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢øï ¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
Don't do (it).
¦ôà è «¢ó
(you all) Do (it).
¦ôà ç ¦Ê öï ö¬ûȦ
pl
Don't do (it).
ôà è «¢ó
Do (it).
ôà ç ¦Ê Ê½ ªûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ôà è «¢ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢øï ¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
Don't do (it).
ú ô à è «¢ó
(you all) Do (it).
ú ô à ç ¦Ê úï ú¬ûȦ
pl.
2nd person
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************
òøß
asked
ò Ç
öô ß
drank
ȧÂË
ƬÂË
rode
¤ ïÈ°
(he) separated, divided
ȼ Âç
went
¤ÿȯ
came near
ȧÂë
to act, work to know to open, expand
37
38
Arabic Grammar
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================
im. mg. sr. (you) Go
¤ÿ̯ʦ
im. mg. pl. Know.
¦øôßʦ
ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it).
¢¥Âì«¢ó
ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me
òàè«¢ó
im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say
碼«¢ó ̬ÂËʦ òë
open up for me
ó̬ÂËʦ
(you all) drink
¦¥ÂËʦ
(you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be.
¦¦ḭ̈ʦ ¦óë úï
and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be.
¤ÿÀ«¢ó òà´«¢ó ¦óì«¢ó ¢¥Âì«¢ó üóÈ«¢ó ¦àøǦÈ ¦ë Âè «¢ó ¦ûð«¢ó
IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of òºàç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times for different verbs such as:ò¬ë ¤ÿ ¯È ¶¬ç È§Â Ë È§Â Ó êè ûÂè ï öô ß òø ß
¤ô× ò» ®È ¤¬ï òà ³ .
38
39
Arabic Grammar
à ç Conjugation table for the verb ò û
Â÷Ȧ
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
òà è
òàç
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀàè
àç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀôà è
¦ôà ç
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
òàè«
ªôàç
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀàè«
¢¬ôàç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úôàè
úôàç
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
No. Gender
ò à è«¢ó
ò à ç ¦Ê
ò à è «
ªôàç
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ôà è «¢ó
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ôà è «¢ó ¦ôà ç ¦Ê ÀÈ ôà è «
ö¬ôàç
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
ôà è «¢ó ôà ç ¦Ê
[ ô à è «
ªôàç
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è «¢ó ú ô à ç ¦Ê
ú ô à è «
ú¬ôàç
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
òà çȦ
ªôàç
Ä
¢ûȦ
òà èû
¢üôàç
¢û
ú¸û
¢ôà è «¢ó
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
39
40
Arabic Grammar
Conjugation table for the verb û
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ÉÀð
ÈÀ¢ï
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ¢ûð
¢û¢ï
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀûð
¦û¢ï
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ÉÀð«
ªû¢ï
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ¢ûð«
¢¬û¢ï
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úð
úï
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
ú ï
ÀÉ ð«
ª üï
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ûð«¢ó ¢ûï
ÀÊ ¢ûð«
¢ø¬üï
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ûð«¢ó ¦ûï ÀÈ ûð«
ö ¬üï
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
ûð«¢ó ûï [ ûð«
ª üï
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ûð«¢ó ¢ûï
ÀÊ ¢ûð«
¢ø¬üï
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ð «
ú ¬üï
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
ÉÀïȦ
ªüï
Ä
¢ûȦ
ÉÀðû
¢ üï
¢û
ú¸û
ú ð «¢ó
ú ð «¢ó
The verb forms of
Â÷Ȧ
ÀÈ ¢ï
ú ï
ÀÈ ¢ï are extensively used in the Qur'an.
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
40
41
Arabic Grammar
È ¢ë Conjugation table for the verb ¾ û
Â÷Ȧ
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ɾì
Ⱦ¢ë
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀì
¢ë
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀóì
¦ó¢ë
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ɾì«
ªó¢ë
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀì«
¢¬ó¢ë
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
ú ôì
ú ôë
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
No. Gender
ò ì «
ò ë
¾É ì«
ª ô ë
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢óì«
¢óë
ÀÊ ì«
¢ø¬ô ë
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦óì« ¦óë
ÀÈ óì«
ö ¬ô ë
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
óì« óë
[ ó ì«
ª ô ë
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢óì«
¢óë
ÀÊ ì«
¢ø¬ô ë
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô ì «
ú ô ë
ú ô ì «
ú ¬ô ë
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
ɾëȦ
ªôë
Ä
¢ûȦ
ɾìû
¢üôë
¢û
ú¸û
Different forms of
¾Èº ¢ ë are frequently used in the Qur'an.
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
41
42
Arabic Grammar
à ç 10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò Verbal Noun
°¾Ð÷
Passive participle
Active participle
¾àèøó¦öÇʦ ò ߢèó¦öÇʦ
Present (& future) Tense
Past Tense
̸ʰ¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
S. No.
òà ç
¾àè÷
ò ߢç
òà è
òàç
1
ò àè«
ò àè÷
òàè÷
òà è
ò àç
2
¨ôߢè÷
òߢè÷
ò ߢè÷
òß ¢è
òߢç
3
ƾ¢àçʦ
òàè÷
ò àè÷
òà è
òàçȦ
4
òà è«
ò àè¬÷
òàè¬÷
ò àè ¬
ò àè«
5
¨ôߢè¬÷
òߢè¬÷
ò ߢè¬÷
òß ¢è¬
òß¢è« 6
ƾ¢à èûʦ
òàèü÷
ò àèü ÷
òà è ü
òàèûʦ 7
ƾ¢à ¬çʦ
òà¬è÷
ò à¬è÷
òà ¬è
òà¬çʦ 8
ƾàçʦ
òôàè÷
ò ôàè÷
òN àè
Mòàçʦ
ƾ¢àè ¬Çʦ
òàè¬È÷
ò àè¬È÷
òà è¬È
9
òàè¬Çʦ 1 0
Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
òºàç
" and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example
of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
òàç"
can be reproduced for
the derived form number 3, òàç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives.
42
43
Arabic Grammar
An Example: Conjugation table for the verb òàçÈ¢ ¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
òà è
òàçÈ¢
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ àè
àçÈ¢
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀôà è
¦ôà çÈ¢
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
òà è «
ªôàçÈ¢
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ àè«
¢¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úô àè
úôàçÈ¢
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
ò à è «
ªôàçÈ¢
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
ÀÈ ôà è «
ö¬ôàçÈ¢
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
[ ô à è «
ªôàçÈ¢
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è «
ú¬ôàçÈ¢
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
òà çɦ
ªôàçÈ¢
Ä
¢ûȦ
òà èû
¢üôà çÈ¢
¢û
ú¸û
Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No.
Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
43
44
Arabic Grammar
blank page
44
45
Arabic Grammar
blank page
45
Arabic Grammar
3 APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Subject and Predicate………………………… 19 Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20 Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… 22 Adjective and its Noun………………………… 23 The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24 Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26 Pronouns………………………………………… 26 The Prepositions…………………………………29 Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30 The Tense…………………………………………31 10a. Past Tense ………………………………… 31 10b. Imperfect Tense ………………… ……… 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42
18
19
Arabic Grammar
1. Subject and Predicate ¦»Â¦¾¬¦÷ Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen (
Æ
Æ
¦¾¬¦÷ and ¦»
) on each of these
) is also known as double pesh or
double dhammah.
ê ó¢»É Ȧ
Allah is creator.
¦û¾ ø¸÷
Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet.
¾ ÿ¢´÷Ƽʰ¢×
Tariq is a Mujahid.
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************ creator
ê ó¢»
prophet
¦û
one who
¾ ÿ¢´÷
struggles house
ª ¥
big mg. slave
Z¦ï ¾¦ß
pious
¶ ó¢Ï
truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï
religion
úÊ®
one
¾· ¦ÈÂ
scholar
ö ó¢ß
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big.
Z¦ïª ¦óȦ
Islam is a religion.
The slave is pious.
¶ ó¢Ï¾¦àó¦
Allah is one.
The Muslim is truthful.
Ƽʮ¢Ïöô ÈøóȦ
Javeed is a scholar
úʮɿ¢ôÇ ¢óȦ ¾ ·¦ÈÂÉ È¦ ö ó¢ß¾Ê¢³
19
20
2. Masculine and Feminine Genders
Arabic Grammar
® û÷ÈÂÂMïÀ ÷
You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., lies the rule. Just put
¨
ò ø³ for a boy and ¨ô ø³ for a girl.
There
at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).
For example,
¨ ïȯ ïȯ ¨ü÷ ÷
¨¸ ó¢Ï ¶ ó¢Ï ƨ¾ ˦Ȱ ¾ ˦Ȱ
ú ÷÷ ƨ¾¥¢ß
¾¥¢ß
¨¾ ó¢»
¾ ó¢»
Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic. 2. A common sign of a feminine word is
¨
3. To make a specific reference, we put
̾Ȧ in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put
(in general) as the last letter of the word.
"the" in front of a common noun in English. When ̾Ȧ is attached to an Arabic word, we remove one of
É
(dhamma or pesh) from the two
Æ
(Tanveen or double pesh). For
example,
É¾Ç ÂóȦ ƾÇÈ° ÉÀ¢Èû ¢óȦ ÆÀ¢Èûʦ 4. Occasionally, the prefix
̾Ȧ
¾ø¸óȦ
¾ø·
is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À¢Èû ¢óȦ (the human
being). 5. If the
¦¾º¬¦÷
For example,
(subject) is feminine, then its
¶ ó¢Ïɧ¢óȦ
¦º»
(predicate) will also be feminine.
¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿¢óȦ
Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following lesson.
20
21
Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************ mg. small
Z äÏ
fg. small
ƨZ äÏ
uncle (mother's brother)
ƾ¢»
mg. beautiful
ò ø³
aunt (mother's sister)
¨ó¢»
fg. beautiful
¨ô ø³
mg. big
Z¦ï
fg. big
ƨZ¦ï
brother
mg. intelligent
ïȯ
mg. worshipper
¾¥¢ß
father
ƧȦ
uncle (father's brother)
ö ß
fg. worshipper
ƨ¾¥¢ß
mother
K¿É¦
aunt (father's sister)
¨ øß
mg. truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï ÆȦ
ú¥Ê¦
son
ªü¥
daughter
sister
ª»É¦
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The son is beautiful.
ò ø³ú¥ ¢óȦ
The daughter is beautiful.¨ô ø³ªü¦óȦ
The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent.
ï¯É¢óȦ ¨ ïȯª»¢óȦ
The father is pious.
¶ ó¢Ïɧ¢óȦ
The uncle is truthful.
Ƽʮ¢Ïɾ¢¼óȦ
The mother is pious.
¨¸ ó¢ÏN¿¢óȦ
The aunt is truthful.
¨ëÊ®¢Ï¨ó¢¼óȦ
The uncle is big. The aunt is big.
Z¦ï öàóȦ ƨZ¦ï¨ øà óȦ
The son is small. The daughter is small.
Z äÏú¥óȦ ƨZ äϪü¦óȦ
21
22
Arabic Grammar
3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø³¨ü°«¾ ·¦È There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural (ö ó¢ºÇÞf ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈð«Þf ). The plural form depends upon the context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only): 'Aaraab forms ↓
¸çÂ÷
with Dhamma ( É- ); when used as subject
§Ðü÷
with Fatha
(È- );
when used as object
°Ì´÷
with Kasra
( Ê- );
when the noun is used with preposition
Plural
Dual
Singular
Gender mg.
ÈÀøô È÷ Ç©¢øô È ÷
ÊÀ¢ø ôÈ÷ ÀÊ ¢¬ø ô È ÷
ö ôÈ÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
[ ø ô È÷ Ç©¢øô È ÷
ú ø ô È÷ ú ¬ø ô È ÷
ö ô È÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
mg.
[ ø ô È÷ © Ç ¢øô È ÷
ú ø ô È÷ ú ¬ø ô È ÷
ö ô È÷ ¨ ø ô È ÷
mg.
fg.
fg.
fg.
******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite
ê ç¢ü÷
believer
ú ÷÷
disbeliever
 ç¢ï
patient
Â¥¢Ï
helper
 Ϣû
worshipper
¾¥¢ß
scholar
ö ó¢ß
one who struggles
pious
¶ ó¢Ï
killer
protector
Ú ç¢·
one who prostrates
¾ ÿ¢´÷
one remembers
who
 ï¦È¯
ò «¢ë
truthful
Ƽʮ¢Ï
¾³¢Ç
prophet
¦û
22
23
Arabic Grammar
4. Adjective and its Noun»Ï ÷¨èÏ Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim
Ƽʮ¢Ïö ôÈ÷
a pious person
a small book
Z äÏƧ¢¬ ï
a trustworthy uncle
a big mosque
Z¦ï¾´È÷
a beautiful house
These phrases are said to be composed of
¶ ó¢Ïò³È° [ ÷Ȧƾ¢» ò ø³ª ¥
¨ººè Ï (adjective) and »Ï ÷ (the noun of the
adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim then true
¼Ê®¢º ºÏ) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them.
ö ôÈ÷
The tanveen could be Å or
Ç
and
Æ
or
depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those of
¦»¦¾¬¦÷
(subject and predicate) except that in case of
¨è Ï
»Ï÷ : 1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with
¾Ì ¦È , then the second will also have ¾Ì ¦È
attached to it.
For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have: the true Muslim
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô ÈøóȦ
the pious person
the small book
Zä Ðó¦É§¢¬ ðóȦ
the trustworthy uncle
[÷ ¢ó¦É¾¢¼óȦ
the big mosque
Z¦ð 󦾴 Èø óȦ
the beautiful house
ò ø´ó¦ª ¦óȦ
And remember, as in case of
¦»¦¾¬¦÷
¶ó ¢ Ðó¦ò³ ÂóȦ
(subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,
the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô ÈøóȦ ÈÀëÊ®¢ Ðó¦ÈÀøô ÈøóȦ
the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women
¨ë Ê®¢ Ðó¦¨ø ô ÈøóȦ É©¢ëÊ®¢ Ðó¦É©¢ø ôÈøóȦ
23
24
Arabic Grammar
==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( noun (
»Ï ÷ ȨèÏ
¦» Ȧ¾¬¦÷
) and for adjective and its
).
The house is big.
Z¦ï ª¦ó¦È
the big house
Z¦ð 󦪦ó¦È
The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful. The path is straight. The uncle is pious. The aunt is pious.
¶ó ¢Ï¾¦à ó¦È
the pious slave
¶ó ¢ Ð󦾦à ó¦È
Ƽ®Ê ¢Ïöô Èøó¦È
the truthful Muslim the straight path
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ðó¦öô Èøó¦È
ö ì¬È÷ɶ¦ÂÐóȦ
ö ì¬Èøó¦É¶¦ÂÐóȦ
¶ó ¢Ï öà ó¦È
the pious uncle
¶ó ¢ Ðó¦ öà óȦ
¨¸ ó ¢Ï¨ó¢¼ó¦È
the pious aunt
¨¸ ó ¢ Ðó¦¨ó¢¼ó¦È
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive þ󤻢Ô÷»¢Ô÷ Look at the following phrases and their translations: the creation of Allah
Ê ¦êô»
the house of Allah
the nation of Hud
Ç®ÿÉ¿ë
the call of the prophet
Ê¾Ç Âó¦É¨ßÈ®
ÊÀ¡Âìó¦öð·
the creation of Allah
Ê ¦êô»
the command of the Qur'an
Ê ¦ª ¥
Notes: 1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the second word has
¾È¢
attached with it, then instead of double kasra
( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.
êºô» in the sentence Ê ¦êô» is called »¢Ô÷. called þ󤻢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun.
3. The first noun
The second noun Ê ¦ is
24
25
4. In Arabic the construction of »¢Ô÷ and
Arabic Grammar
þ󤻢Ô÷
automatically takes care of the " 's "
or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of
»¢ººÔ÷
and
þ󤻢Ô÷
automatically implies specific person or
thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase. *********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 *********************** grance
òÔç
day
Æ¿
words way, system
rebellion
ÆÀ¢ä×
judgement
úÊ®
the people
ɲ¢ üóȦ
to establish
¨÷¢ëʤ
house
Æ°¦È®
the prayer
ɨ¢ô ÐóȦ
messenger
Æ¿¢ôï ¨ üÇ Æ¾ÇÈ° ¤È°
doubt
hereafter
ƨ »¡
to obey
¨ß¢×ʤ
human being ÆÀ¢Èûʦ
food
Æ¿¢à×
parents
ú¾ ó¦ÊÂ
remembrance
sinner
ö ¯È¦
earth
Ƶ̰Ȧ
the most
Âïʯ
úø·È°
beneficent ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of ʨ¢ô Ðó¦¨÷ ¢ëʤ the words of Allah Ê ¦É¿¢ôï prayer the obedience to ú¾ ó¦ó¦¨ß ¢×ʤ the book of Allah Ê ¦É§¢¬ ï parents the earth of Allah the way of the Ê ¦ÉµÌ°È¢ Ê¾Ç Âó¦¨ üÇ messenger the rebellion of the doubt of the ʲ¢ üó¦ÉÀ¢ä× the ÊÀ¢Èûó¦¤È° people human being the house of the remembrance of ʨ »ó¦É°¦È® the úø· Âó¦Âïʯ hereafter the most Beneficent. the food of the ö ¯ó¦É¿¢à× the grace of Allah Ê ¦òÔç sinner the house of Hamid the day of judgement
¾ ÷¢·ª ¥
ú¾ó¦É¿
25
26
6. Interrogatives
Arabic Grammar
¿¢ è¬Ç ¦©¦Â®¢
When
U÷
Who
ú÷
Where
úȦ
What
¢÷¦È¯¢÷
Why
¦È¯¢ø ó
Which (masculine)
NÄȦ
How much, How many
öï
Which (feminine)
¨ Ȧ
Is?
È¢òÿ
How
æ ï
¦
Am?
Are?
Do?
Have?
7. Pronouns
 ¢øÓ 7a. Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
¾Ïø ó¦öÇ ¦Ê
¨È°¢Ë¢ ó¦öÇ ¦Ê
(The one) who (The two) who (Those) who (The one) who (The two) who (Those) who
Ä ÀóM¦È
That
î ó ¯
This
ÀÊ ¦ÀóM¦È
Those (two)
î û ¯
¦Àÿ
sr.
These (two)
ÀÊ ¦Àÿ
dl.
ú ÀóM¦È
Those (more than two)
î óÂɦ
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
ÁÊ À ÿ
sr.
¦
¦
Number
¬óM¦È
That
î ô «
This
ÀÊ ¢¬óM¦È
Those (two)
î û¢«
These (two)
ÀÊ ¢«¢ÿ
dl.
«¢Mó¦È
Those (more than two)
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
î óÂɦ
Gender
mg.
fg.
26
27
Arabic Grammar
7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns Examples on pronouns his book
their house
¢ø ¬¥
their belief
ö û¢{¦Ê
her mother their house
¢ ÷ ¦É ¢ø ¬¥
their house
ú ¬¥
your book your house
î ¥¢¬ï
your messenger your house your book
þ¥¢¬ï
¢ø𠬥
Possessive Pronouns
ÿ
sr.
¢øÿ
they two
¢øÿ
dl.
their
ö ÿ
they
ö ÿ
pl.
her
¢ÿ
she
ÿ
sr.
¢øÿ
they two
¢øÿ
dl.
their
ú ÿ
they
ú ÿ
pl.
your
½È
you
ª û¦È
sr.
¢ø¬û¦È
dl.
their (of two)
their (of two)
your (of two)
¢øï
ö ð óÇ °È
you
ö ï
î ¬¥
your
½Ê
¢øð ¥¢¬ï
your house
ú 𠬥
my book gave me rizq our book
¥¢¬ï üë±È° ¢ü¥¢¬ï
No.
he
his
Á
Personal Pronouns
your (of two) your my
me our
¢øï ú ï Ä û ¢û
you two you all
ö ¬û¦È
you
ª û¦È
sr.
¢ø¬û¦È
dl.
ú ¬û¦È
pl.
¢û¦È
sr.
you two you all I
pl
Gender
Person
mg.
3rd person fg.
mg.
2nd person fg.
mg. fg. 1st
we
ú¸ û
dl., pl.
mg., fg.
person
NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.
27
28
Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ Companions
Ƨ¢¸ÏȦ
hearing
ÞøÇ
and
ÈÂ
for
¾È ʾ
Shop
ÆÀ¢MïÉ®
relatives
òÿȦ
from
ú ÷
I helped
É©ÂÐû
Verily
MÀʦ
son
ú¥¦
Sustainer, Lord
K§È°
tongue
À¢È ó
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim.
ö ôÈ÷ÿ
You are a scholar.
I am a believer.
ú ÷÷¢ûȦ
She is righteous.
your tongue
öðû¢È ó
for him
towards me
óʦ
ü¥Ê¦
my son I helped him
þ«ÂÐû
ö ó¢ßªûȦ ¨¸ ó¢Ï ÿ þó
towards them (females) for us
ú óʦ öð ûʦ
from you
îü ÷
towards us
¢ü óʦ
verily you (males)
towards them (males) from you
ö óʦ
your hearing
îü ÷
verily we
¢ü ûʦ
our Lord
¢ü ¥È°
my house
¬ ¥
your Lord
öð ¥È°
for them
¢ø ó
my relatives
ôÿȦ
our messenger
¢üó ÇÈ°
¢üó öðàøÇ
28
29
Arabic Grammar
8. The Preposition ³»Â· Prepositions
ç
in
ª¥ ç
in a house
ú ÷
We read from the Qur'an.
ôß
on a mountain
from on
Examples of Prepositions / usage
¦
Ƚ
like
úß
about
ÊÀ¡Âìó¦ú ÷¢ûÌ¢Âë ò¦³ôß ò ³Â ï
like a man I heard
¾´Èøó¦ çʨô Ðó¦úߪàø Ç
about Prayer in the Masjid
ʧ
with
ʾ
for
óʦ
¦
towards until
¬·
¦
by (of oath)
ÈÂ
I enetered with security
Ç¿¢ôÈ¥ªô» È®
for people
ʲ¢ üô ó
towards a city
¾ô¥óʦ
until the day-break
´èó¦ÞôØ÷ ¬·
By Allah
Ê ¦ÈÂ
Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors. 2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).
29
30
Arabic Grammar
9. Subject òß ¢ç , Verb òàç , and Object ¾àè÷ In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on the object. Look at the following examples: Hameed read the Qur'an.
¢û ¢Âë¾ ø·È¢Âë
Iqbal wrote a book.
¢¥¢¬ ïƾ¢¦ëʦ¤¬ï
¦
In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 *************************
È¢Âë
read
made
òà³
created
ȼÂç
collected
wrote
¤¬ï
separated
cheated
ȸ¾»
water
Æ ¢÷
wealth, means
êô» Þø³ ƾ¢÷
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad ¢óÇM°¦¾ ø¸ ÷É ¦òà³ (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people.
Ȳ¢ üó¦É ¦êô»
Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Note: When a word is attached with -É
¢¥¢¬ ïÉ ¦È¾ÄûȦ ÈÀ¢Èû ¢ó¦ÉÀ¢Ø Ìó¦È¸¾»
¸¦ó¦¢üëÂç ¾Ì ¢È then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah (
) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences,
¼ Æ °Êº ¢×
É ¢ØÌ óȦ has one dhammah since ¾Ì ¦È is attached with ÀÆ ¢ØË has double dhammah, whereas À
. Similarly,
¢óÇ°È
¦ó¦È has only one fathah. has double fathah, whereas  ¸
30
31
10.
Arabic Grammar
Tense
10a. The Past Tense
Ó¢÷òàç Ó¢÷
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
òàç
Á
ÿ
sr.
àç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
¦ôà ç
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ªôàç
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
¢¬ôàç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úôàç
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
you did
ªôàç
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
you all did
ö¬ôàç
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
you did
ªôàç
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
you all did
ú¬ôàç
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
I did
ªôàç
Ä
¢ûȦ
We did
¢üôàç
¢û
ú¸û
Past Tense
he did they two did they all did she did they two did they all did
Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual;
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n)
31
32
Arabic Grammar
Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a *************************
òàç
he went
¤¬ï
he killed
È¢Âë
he made
he did he wrote he read
he found
¾³ÈÂ
ò¬ë
he refused
Âèï
òà³
he joined
òÏÈÂ
he created
êô»
he sent
®à¥
he provided rizq
ȼȱȰ
ÂÐû
he opened
¶¬ç
ȧÂÓ
he entered
ò»È®
he helped he hit,
¤ÿȯ
gave example he demanded
¤ô×
he drank
ȧÂË
====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your answers.
mg. dl. they opened
¢¸¬ç
¦¦¬ï
mg. pl. they wrote
mg. pl. you did
ö¬ôàç
mg. you helped
mg. pl. they did
¦ôà ç
mg./fg. dl. you two opened
mg./fg. dl. you two did mg. dl. they two did
¢ø¬ôàç ¢ôàç
mg. you did
ªôàç
fg. she did
ªôàç
fg. pl. they did mg. pl. you went
úôàç ö¬¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ø«ÂÐû
È©ÂÐû ¢ø¬¸¬ç
mg. pl. you demanded
ö¬¦ô×
mg. dl. they two wrote
¢¦¬ï
mg. pl. they demanded
¦¦ô×
mg. you went
ª¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. they two
¢ø¬¦ô×
demanded mg. pl. you wrote
ö¬¦¬ï
32
33
Arabic Grammar
mg. you demanded
ª¦ô×
fg. dl. they two hit
¢¬¥ÂÓ
fg. dl. they two helped
¢«ÂÐû
mg. pl. they went
¦¦ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two went
¢ø¬¦ÿȯ
mg. you opened
ª¸¬ç
mg. pl. you helped
ö«ÂÐû
mg./fg. dl. you two wrote
fg. you wrote
ª¦¬ï
mg. he wrote
¤¬ï
mg. pl. you opened
ö¬¸¬ç
¢ø¬¦¬ï mg. pl. they opened
¦¸¬ç
mg. you demanded
ª¦ô×
mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit
¢¦ÿȯ ¦¥ÂÓ
Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´÷ »ÂÂà÷ You already know that as
ò à ç
òàç
means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it
which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below. mg. pl. you created mg. he killed Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent
ö¬ìô» ò¬ë ¦¦ô× ®à¥
mg. pl. you were created mg. he was killed
ö¬ì ô» ò ¬ ë
mg. pl. they were demanded ¦¦ ô× mg. he was sent
® à ¥
I sent
ª°à¥
I was sent
ª° à¥
we provided
¢üëȱȰ
we were provided
¢üë±Ê É°
mg. pl. they provided
¦ëȱȰ
mg. pl. they were provided
¦ë±Ê É°
Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message. The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.
33
34
̸°Ê ¢Ô÷ òàç
10b. The Present (and Future) Tense Present Tense
Gender: Number:
¸°¢Ô÷
Arabic Grammar
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
No. Gender
he does
òà è
Á
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀàè
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
they do
ÈÀôà è
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
she does.
òà è«
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀàè«
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
they do.
úôàè
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
you do
ò à è «
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
you do
ÀÈ ôà è «
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
you do
[ ô à è «
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
you do
ú ô à è «
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
I do
òà çȦ
Ä
¢ûȦ
We do
òà èû
¢û
ú¸û
mg: Masculine gender; sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual;
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg: Feminine gender pl: Plural (n)
34
35
Arabic Grammar
IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È»Ç before the
¸°¢Ô÷
forms.
****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
mg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ
úôà´«
fg. pl. you make
mg. he collects
Þø´
mg. dl. you two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
I know
öôßȦ
fg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢¥ÂÌ«
I open
¶¬çȦ
mg. dl. you two make
ÊÀ¢ôà´«
fg. sr. you collect
Þø´«
fg. dl. they two make
ÊÀ¢ôà´«
mg. pl. they thank
ÈÀÂÂðÌ
¾¦àû
pl. we worship
ÈÀÂÂèð
mg. pl. they recite
ÈÀô¬
I worship
¾¦ßȦ
mg. pl. you recite
ÈÀô¬«
mg. you know
öôà«
mg. they don't know
we don't hear
ÞøÈû¢ó
mg. pl. they disbelieve
I don't disbelieve
ÈÀøôà¢ó ÂèïȦ¢ó
ÈÀûÄ ¸öÿ¢óÈÂ
And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah.
Ê ¦È¿¢ôïÈÀàøÈ
I do not worhsip what you worship.
ÈÀ¾¦à«¢÷¾¦ßȦ¢ó È ¦¢Móʦ¾¦àû¢ó
We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger.
þ óÇÈ°ÈÂÊ ¢¥ÈÀü ÷ ¦
35
36
Arabic Grammar
Active and Passive Voice: As you have seen earlier, in case of present tense,
òàç
is made passive by writing
òà è
ò à ç
for verbs in past tense. However,
is made passive by writing it as
òà è
, i.e., first letter will have
dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask
ɧÂÌ
he is made / given to drinkɧÂÌ
ÈÀÂÂÐü
they (all, mg) are helped ÈÀÂÂÐü
ɾȫ
you (mg) are asked
ɾȫ
************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened.
ÈÀ ìè úô È ÈÀ碼¢ó ¶¬è
they cut they will not asked they they are killed
ÈÀàØì ÈÀó È«¢ó ÈÀô ´ ÈÀô¬ì
ÈÀàØì¢ó
you understand
ö è«
you are provided.
ÈÀëȱ«
you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«
you are provided.
ÈÀëȱ«
you are helped
ÈÀÂÂÐü«
they do not cut
36
37
Arabic Grammar
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative ûÂÂ÷¢È You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd person). Therefore, the imperative and negative forms for only the 2nd person are provided below.
û
Negative Imperative
Imperative
Â÷Ȧ
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
No. Gen- Perder son
Don't do (it).
ò à è «¢ó
Do (it).
ò à ç ¦Ê È½ ªûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ôà è «¢ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢øï ¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
Don't do (it).
¦ôà è «¢ó
(you all) Do (it).
¦ôà ç ¦Ê öï ö¬ûȦ
pl
Don't do (it).
ôà è «¢ó
Do (it).
ôà ç ¦Ê Ê½ ªûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ôà è «¢ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢øï ¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
Don't do (it).
ú ô à è «¢ó
(you all) Do (it).
ú ô à ç ¦Ê úï ú¬ûȦ
pl.
2nd person
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************
òøß
asked
ò Ç
öô ß
drank
ȧÂË
ƬÂË
rode
¤ ïÈ°
(he) separated, divided
ȼ Âç
went
¤ÿȯ
came near
ȧÂë
to act, work to know to open, expand
37
38
Arabic Grammar
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================
im. mg. sr. (you) Go
¤ÿ̯ʦ
im. mg. pl. Know.
¦øôßʦ
ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it).
¢¥Âì«¢ó
ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me
òàè«¢ó
im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say
碼«¢ó ̬ÂËʦ òë
open up for me
ó̬ÂËʦ
(you all) drink
¦¥ÂËʦ
(you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be.
¦¦ḭ̈ʦ ¦óë úï
and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be.
¤ÿÀ«¢ó òà´«¢ó ¦óì«¢ó ¢¥Âì«¢ó üóÈ«¢ó ¦àøǦÈ ¦ë Âè «¢ó ¦ûð«¢ó
IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of òºàç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times for different verbs such as:ò¬ë ¤ÿ ¯È ¶¬ç È§Â Ë È§Â Ó êè ûÂè ï öô ß òø ß
¤ô× ò» ®È ¤¬ï òà ³ .
38
39
Arabic Grammar
à ç Conjugation table for the verb ò û
Â÷Ȧ
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
òà è
òàç
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀàè
àç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀôà è
¦ôà ç
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
òàè«
ªôàç
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀàè«
¢¬ôàç
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úôàè
úôàç
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
No. Gender
ò à è«¢ó
ò à ç ¦Ê
ò à è «
ªôàç
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ôà è «¢ó
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ôà è «¢ó ¦ôà ç ¦Ê ÀÈ ôà è «
ö¬ôàç
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
ôà è «¢ó ôà ç ¦Ê
[ ô à è «
ªôàç
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàç
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è «¢ó ú ô à ç ¦Ê
ú ô à è «
ú¬ôàç
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
òà çȦ
ªôàç
Ä
¢ûȦ
òà èû
¢üôàç
¢û
ú¸û
¢ôà è «¢ó
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
39
40
Arabic Grammar
Conjugation table for the verb û
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ÉÀð
ÈÀ¢ï
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ¢ûð
¢û¢ï
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀûð
¦û¢ï
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ÉÀð«
ªû¢ï
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ¢ûð«
¢¬û¢ï
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úð
úï
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
ú ï
ÀÉ ð«
ª üï
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ûð«¢ó ¢ûï
ÀÊ ¢ûð«
¢ø¬üï
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ûð«¢ó ¦ûï ÀÈ ûð«
ö ¬üï
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
ûð«¢ó ûï [ ûð«
ª üï
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢ûð«¢ó ¢ûï
ÀÊ ¢ûð«
¢ø¬üï
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ð «
ú ¬üï
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
ÉÀïȦ
ªüï
Ä
¢ûȦ
ÉÀðû
¢ üï
¢û
ú¸û
ú ð «¢ó
ú ð «¢ó
The verb forms of
Â÷Ȧ
ÀÈ ¢ï
ú ï
ÀÈ ¢ï are extensively used in the Qur'an.
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
40
41
Arabic Grammar
È ¢ë Conjugation table for the verb ¾ û
Â÷Ȧ
¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ɾì
Ⱦ¢ë
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀì
¢ë
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀóì
¦ó¢ë
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
ɾì«
ªó¢ë
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀì«
¢¬ó¢ë
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
ú ôì
ú ôë
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
No. Gender
ò ì «
ò ë
¾É ì«
ª ô ë
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢óì«
¢óë
ÀÊ ì«
¢ø¬ô ë
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦óì« ¦óë
ÀÈ óì«
ö ¬ô ë
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
óì« óë
[ ó ì«
ª ô ë
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
¢óì«
¢óë
ÀÊ ì«
¢ø¬ô ë
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô ì «
ú ô ë
ú ô ì «
ú ¬ô ë
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
ɾëȦ
ªôë
Ä
¢ûȦ
ɾìû
¢üôë
¢û
ú¸û
Different forms of
¾Èº ¢ ë are frequently used in the Qur'an.
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
41
42
Arabic Grammar
à ç 10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò Verbal Noun
°¾Ð÷
Passive participle
Active participle
¾àèøó¦öÇʦ ò ߢèó¦öÇʦ
Present (& future) Tense
Past Tense
̸ʰ¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
S. No.
òà ç
¾àè÷
ò ߢç
òà è
òàç
1
ò àè«
ò àè÷
òàè÷
òà è
ò àç
2
¨ôߢè÷
òߢè÷
ò ߢè÷
òß ¢è
òߢç
3
ƾ¢àçʦ
òàè÷
ò àè÷
òà è
òàçȦ
4
òà è«
ò àè¬÷
òàè¬÷
ò àè ¬
ò àè«
5
¨ôߢè¬÷
òߢè¬÷
ò ߢè¬÷
òß ¢è¬
òß¢è« 6
ƾ¢à èûʦ
òàèü÷
ò àèü ÷
òà è ü
òàèûʦ 7
ƾ¢à ¬çʦ
òà¬è÷
ò à¬è÷
òà ¬è
òà¬çʦ 8
ƾàçʦ
òôàè÷
ò ôàè÷
òN àè
Mòàçʦ
ƾ¢àè ¬Çʦ
òàè¬È÷
ò àè¬È÷
òà è¬È
9
òàè¬Çʦ 1 0
Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
òºàç
" and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example
of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
òàç"
can be reproduced for
the derived form number 3, òàç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives.
42
43
Arabic Grammar
An Example: Conjugation table for the verb òàçÈ¢ ¸°¢Ô÷
Ó¢÷
òà è
òàçÈ¢
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ àè
àçÈ¢
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀôà è
¦ôà çÈ¢
öÿ
öÿ
pl.
òà è «
ªôàçÈ¢
¢ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ àè«
¢¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øÿ
¢øÿ
dl. fg.
úô àè
úôàçÈ¢
úÿ
úÿ
pl.
ò à è «
ªôàçÈ¢
Ƚ
ªûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. mg.
ÀÈ ôà è «
ö¬ôàçÈ¢
öï
ö¬ûȦ
pl
[ ô à è «
ªôàçÈ¢
ʽ
ªûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ø¬ôàçÈ¢
¢øï
¢ø¬ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è «
ú¬ôàçÈ¢
úï
ú¬ûȦ
pl.
òà çɦ
ªôàçÈ¢
Ä
¢ûȦ
òà èû
¢üôà çÈ¢
¢û
ú¸û
Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No.
Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
43
44
Arabic Grammar
blank page
44
45
Arabic Grammar
blank page
45
Related Documents
A Brief Journey Through Arabic Grammar
November 2019 12
Arabic Grammar
December 2019 8
Rajasthan : A Journey Through India
December 2019 22
Arabic Grammar Terms 2
June 2020 12
Easy Arabic Grammar
December 2019 17
Arabic Grammar Terms
June 2020 10More Documents from "Kate"
Wikis A Collective Approach To Language
December 2019 8
Reflections Of An Education Professional Warrior_vol1no2
December 2019 10
