8 - Multimedia Authoring Tools
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Matakuliah Tahun
: T0732 / Sistem Multimedia : 2007
Multimedia Authoring Tools Pertemuan 8
Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • memilih jenis - jenis authoring tools
Bina Nusantara
Outline Materi • Multimedia Authoring • Types of Authoring System • Multimedia Programming Tools
Bina Nusantara
Multimedia Authoring • Authoring tools provide an integrated environment for binding together the different elements of a Multimedia production.
Text
Graphic Authoring
Video
Bina Nusantara
Audio
Animation
The Components of an Authoring Tool • Most authoring systems provide facilities for: – Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds, videos, text, etc.) – Creating or editing audio and graphic images – Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to create a single page) – Animation / transition effects – Specifying the sequence of the application – Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at run-time – Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions Bina Nusantara
Types of Authoring System • There are numerous development models that can be used for multimedia applications • Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the following categories: – – – – –
Slide, card or frame based Icon based The score model Object-oriented models Scripting language based
• Some systems combine one or more of these to create more sophisticated tools Bina Nusantara
Slide, Card or Frame Based •
In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a book or a stack of cards.
•
The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into organised sequences.
•
You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured navigation pattern.
•
A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation or pages may be sequentially viewed
•
There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire application – e.g. background colour, default font, etc.
Bina Nusantara
Slide, Card or Frame Based
Bina Nusantara
Icon-Based Authoring •
Each part is represented an icon (symbolic picture)
•
Each icon does a specific task, e.g. plays a sound
•
Icons are then linked together to form complete applications
•
Can easily visualise the structure and navigation of the final application
Bina Nusantara
A screenshot of Macromedia Authorware
Icon-Based Authoring
Bina Nusantara
The Score Model • This model has an analogy with a musical score • Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.) that do something at specific points (times) in the score • There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish) • Each multimedia object lives in a track • A score has one or more tracks Bina Nusantara
Scores and Timelines • Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during the course of a presentation or application – Time is represented along the x-axis – Tracks are represented along the y-axis
• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their duration 0 seconds Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 Bina Nusantara
5 seconds
10 seconds
Background music Animation Voice over (narration) Video
15 seconds
Scores and Timelines
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models •
Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages – They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models •
Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object – e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models • Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages – They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object – e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked Bina Nusantara
Object-oriented models • In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in an application is considered an object • Every object has: – State - A description of its unique properties • e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth, author’s name, etc.
– Behaviour - The things that the object can do • e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound
• Icon and score-based models usually have objectoriented features also • Objects are self contained and can be reused in later projects 17
Microsoft PowerPoint •
PowerPoint is: – a “business graphics” package – a slide-based multimedia tool
• • •
Supports vector graphics, bitmapped images, sound, video and hyperlinks Supports many slide transitions and animations (see right) Developers can script objects to make them display at specific times or events – The events are represented by a limited number of presets – and cannot be altered
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Director •
Director is a package with many features – Sound and audio editing – Bitmap and vector graphics editing – Asset management
•
Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score – The Cast are the media assets – The Stage is the screen or individual page – The Score is the sequence of events
•
Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can be used to add new functionality
•
Director is one of the most widely used PC tools
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Director
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Flash • Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and multimedia • It uses a timeline and object-oriented model • Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be used to create animations – You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the inbetween frames of the animation
• Flash is a popular format on websites. Bina Nusantara
Tracks
Macromedia Flash Screenshot
Timeline
Tweening
Bina Nusantara
Multimedia Programming Tools • Programming tools differ from authoring tools in that they tend to be much lower level and require the developer to have more knowledge of the underlying hardware and programming language • Programming tools give the developer access to much more functionality than authoring tools but require much more effort (and money!)
Bina Nusantara
Authoring versus Programming Programming Language Authoring System •Require programming skills •Difficult to use •Inexpensive •Low level program •Program run quickly •General Purpose Tool
Bina Nusantara
•Designed for nonprogrammers •Easy to use •Expensive •High level program •Programs run slowly •Facilitates multimedia & instructional design
: T0732 / Sistem Multimedia : 2007
Multimedia Authoring Tools Pertemuan 8
Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • memilih jenis - jenis authoring tools
Bina Nusantara
Outline Materi • Multimedia Authoring • Types of Authoring System • Multimedia Programming Tools
Bina Nusantara
Multimedia Authoring • Authoring tools provide an integrated environment for binding together the different elements of a Multimedia production.
Text
Graphic Authoring
Video
Bina Nusantara
Audio
Animation
The Components of an Authoring Tool • Most authoring systems provide facilities for: – Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds, videos, text, etc.) – Creating or editing audio and graphic images – Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to create a single page) – Animation / transition effects – Specifying the sequence of the application – Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at run-time – Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions Bina Nusantara
Types of Authoring System • There are numerous development models that can be used for multimedia applications • Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the following categories: – – – – –
Slide, card or frame based Icon based The score model Object-oriented models Scripting language based
• Some systems combine one or more of these to create more sophisticated tools Bina Nusantara
Slide, Card or Frame Based •
In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a book or a stack of cards.
•
The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into organised sequences.
•
You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured navigation pattern.
•
A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation or pages may be sequentially viewed
•
There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire application – e.g. background colour, default font, etc.
Bina Nusantara
Slide, Card or Frame Based
Bina Nusantara
Icon-Based Authoring •
Each part is represented an icon (symbolic picture)
•
Each icon does a specific task, e.g. plays a sound
•
Icons are then linked together to form complete applications
•
Can easily visualise the structure and navigation of the final application
Bina Nusantara
A screenshot of Macromedia Authorware
Icon-Based Authoring
Bina Nusantara
The Score Model • This model has an analogy with a musical score • Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.) that do something at specific points (times) in the score • There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish) • Each multimedia object lives in a track • A score has one or more tracks Bina Nusantara
Scores and Timelines • Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during the course of a presentation or application – Time is represented along the x-axis – Tracks are represented along the y-axis
• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their duration 0 seconds Track 1 Track 2 Track 3 Track 4 Bina Nusantara
5 seconds
10 seconds
Background music Animation Voice over (narration) Video
15 seconds
Scores and Timelines
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models •
Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages – They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models •
Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object – e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked
Bina Nusantara
Scripting Language Based Models • Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages – They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object – e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked Bina Nusantara
Object-oriented models • In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in an application is considered an object • Every object has: – State - A description of its unique properties • e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth, author’s name, etc.
– Behaviour - The things that the object can do • e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound
• Icon and score-based models usually have objectoriented features also • Objects are self contained and can be reused in later projects 17
Microsoft PowerPoint •
PowerPoint is: – a “business graphics” package – a slide-based multimedia tool
• • •
Supports vector graphics, bitmapped images, sound, video and hyperlinks Supports many slide transitions and animations (see right) Developers can script objects to make them display at specific times or events – The events are represented by a limited number of presets – and cannot be altered
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Director •
Director is a package with many features – Sound and audio editing – Bitmap and vector graphics editing – Asset management
•
Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score – The Cast are the media assets – The Stage is the screen or individual page – The Score is the sequence of events
•
Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can be used to add new functionality
•
Director is one of the most widely used PC tools
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Director
Bina Nusantara
Macromedia Flash • Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and multimedia • It uses a timeline and object-oriented model • Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be used to create animations – You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the inbetween frames of the animation
• Flash is a popular format on websites. Bina Nusantara
Tracks
Macromedia Flash Screenshot
Timeline
Tweening
Bina Nusantara
Multimedia Programming Tools • Programming tools differ from authoring tools in that they tend to be much lower level and require the developer to have more knowledge of the underlying hardware and programming language • Programming tools give the developer access to much more functionality than authoring tools but require much more effort (and money!)
Bina Nusantara
Authoring versus Programming Programming Language Authoring System •Require programming skills •Difficult to use •Inexpensive •Low level program •Program run quickly •General Purpose Tool
Bina Nusantara
•Designed for nonprogrammers •Easy to use •Expensive •High level program •Programs run slowly •Facilitates multimedia & instructional design
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