CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
WARNING
This document is a compilation of related reference books, journals, technical papers, etc, and is intended for illustration purposes only thus, the speaker does not claim any originality in content and form.
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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COURSE OBJECTIVES Be able to define what is Construction Site Premises Safety Able to identify what are the minimum requirements of Construction Safety & Health Be able to recognize the potential hazards and measures in the construction site
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY : A SITUATIONER (NCR) July 25, 2011 MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION APPROVED BUILDING PERMITS 2011
CHANGE
2010
OVERALL
28,347
-5.5
29,992
Residential
20,784
-11.9
23,586
NonResidential
3,495
17.4
2,978
Additions, Alterations, and Repairs
4,068
18.7
3,428
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION VALUE (in billion pesos) 2011
% Change
2010
OVERALL
52.8
11.6
47.3
Residential
28.2
32.6
21.3
Non-Residential
19.4
-13.2
22.3
Additions, Alterations, and Repairs
5.2
39.7
3.7
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
Calabarzon (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon) is the region with the most private construction projects, accounting for a fourth or 7,090 of the total granted permits. However, nearly half (P25.1 billion) of the total value of construction projects is poured into Metro Manila.
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
No. of Violations on: Total No With Establishment Establishment Violation Violation Inspected
OSHS CSHP
Construction Projects
1658
Safety Officer (SO)
Rule 1020
Rule 1040
First Aider
Others
2 1656 524 402 74 174 35 447
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
As of June 2011
102 CSHP approved out of the 511 filed 38 CSHP approved out of the 260 filed in the same period last year. 268.42% increase approved CSHP
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
As of June 2011
Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) have conducted thirty six (36) batches of Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH), and Construction Safety and Health Training (CSHT)
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
As of June 2011
Three hundred twenty five (325) construction firms had their Personal and Protective Equipment (PPE) tested Forty (40) accredited OSH practitioners from the construction industry
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
Situationer in Construction - There are about 1.8 million construction
workers - Around 6,000 registered constructors - An average of about 20,000 government infrastructure projects per year - One of the most hazardous industries/ workplaces MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
-Workers are temporary and constantly changing -Each site includes different contractors performing different types of work -Working surfaces, machinery, trenching and scaffolding are constantly moving, being reassembled, modified
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
- Occupational Hazards are continually emerging. - Workers often encountered different types of hazards which may result to accidents/injuries.
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
Observations Low awareness on OSH Poor Compliance on OSHS (ex. HSC, CSH Program, safety officer/personnel) Poor Housekeeping (ex. accumulated wastes)
No/Inadequate PPEs for workers. Improper use of tools and equipment Needs commitment and support
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
What NEEDS to be DONE Change of work habits. Top management commitment on OSH Cooperation of workers and contractors to implement OSH programs and activities Enhance skills of project managers, safety officers and workers (training on OSH ) Strict enforcement of rules/programs on OSH Compliance with government regulations (OSHS and DO 13)
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY? Construction site safety is a form of occupational safety that relates directly to job conditions and procedures put in place at a construction site. The purpose of these safety regulations and initiatives is to provide a measure of protection to the general public and those who are involved in the actual building effort. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
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1. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM (CSHP)
Refers to a set of detailed rules to cover the processes and practices that shall be utilized in a specific construction project site in conformity with the OSHS including the personnel responsible and the penalties for violations thereof.
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2. COMPANY SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY A Company Safety Policy shall serve as the general guiding principles in the implementation of safety and health on site, duly signed by the highest company official or his duly authorized representative who has the over-all control of project execution and should include the contractor’s general policy towards occupational safety, worker’s welfare and health, and environment. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Sample COMPANY SAFETY & HEALTH POLICY
SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY FOR FLY-BY-NITE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
The objective of this policy is to build on a high standard of safety throughout all construction operations of FLYFLY-BYBY-NITE CONSTRUCTION CO. and to ensure that no employee is required to work under any conditions, which are hazardous or unsanitary. We believe that each employee has the right to derive personal satisfaction from his/her job and the prevention of occupational injury or illness is of such consequence to this belief that it will be given top priority at all times.
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Sample COMPANY SAFETY & HEALTH POLICY (Cont) It is our intention at FLYFLY-BYBY-NITE CONSTRUCTION CO. to initiate and maintain complete accident prevention and safety training programs. Each individual from top management to the working person is responsible for the safety and health of those persons in their charge and coworkers around them. By accepting mutual responsibility to operate safely, we will all contribute to the well being of our employees. ABC Company (signed) Mr. Juan dela Cruz
President
SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY
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3. SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE It is the general safety and health committee for the construction project site that shall be the overall coordinator in implementing OSH programs. A structure and membership of the Construction Safety and Health Committee shall be consistent with the minimum requirements of Section 11 of D.O. 13, series of 1998.
MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Sample Safety Committee Composition
For less than 50 workers: Chairman - Manager/Project Engineer Members - One Foreman - 3 Workers (must be union members, if organized) - The Nurse/First Aider Secretary - The Part-time Safetyman/Officer MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Safety & Health Committee The safety and health committee is an organizational structure where members represent a group that allows the workers to voice their concerns about safety issues without fear of criticism from their coworkers/management. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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4. SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PERSONNEL
To ensure that a Construction Safety and Health Program is duly followed and enforced at the construction project site, each construction site is required to have minimum required Safety Personnel as described in Section 7 of D.O. 13, series of 1998.
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Minimum Number of Safety Officers NUMBER OF WORKERS
MINIMUM NUMBER OF SAFETY OFFICERS Hazardous
Highly Hazardous
1 – 50
One (1) PartPart-time
One (1) Full Full--time
51 - 200
One (1) FullFull-time
One (1) Full Full--time & One (1) PartPart-time
201 - 250
One (1) FullFull-time & One (1) PartPart-time
Two (2) FullFull-time
251 - 500
Two (2) FullFull-time
Two (2) Full Full--time & One (1) PartPart-time
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Minimum Number of Health Officers NUMBER OF WORKERS
DESCRIPTION
SERVICES
1 - 50
One (1) FullFull-time First--Aider First
First Aid Medicines
51 - 99
One (1) PartPart-time Occupational Health Nurse & One (1) FullFull-time First First--Aider
100 -199
One (1) Part Part--time Occupational Health Physician, One (1) PartPart-time Occupational Health Nurse & One (1) FullFull-time First First--Aider
Emergency Treatment Room
Emergency Treatment Room
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5. PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES It shall describe among others: a) PROJECT IN CHARGE
Ensure the creation of a Project Safety Plan that complies with the requirements of the company safety policy. Ensure that work is executed according to the Safety Plan. Ensure that the implementation of the Project Safety Plan is monitored and that the plan is reviewed as and when necessary.
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Promote an interest, enthusiasm and commitment to Health, Safety, and Environment issues throughout the Project. Ensure the provision of competent safety/health personnel. Respond to the recommendations of the project safety personnel. Set a good example. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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b) ENGINEERS, FOREMEN, CAPATAZES
Be aware of the requirements of the Project Safety Plan, Safe Construction Methodologies, and safety procedures relevant to the individual’s specific area of responsibility. Plan and maintain a tidy and orderly work place such that work can be carried out with minimal risk to health and safety. Ensure that work is carried out as planned and regularly inspect all work areas to ensure the safety of all activities, equipment, and materials in his area of responsibility.
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Ensure that others, including the general public, are protected. Incorporate safety instructions into routine orders and ensure that workers are not required or permitted to take unnecessary risk. Respond to the recommendations of the Project Safety Adviser. Encourage those who perform safely and reprimand those who do not. Set a good example. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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c) PROJECT SAFETY OFFICER
Serves as Secretary to the health and safety committee Prepare minutes of meetings Report status of recommendations made Notify members of the meetings; and Submit the employer a report of the activities of the committee, including recommendations made Acts in an advisory capacity on all matters pertaining to health and safety for the guidance of the employer and the workers
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Conducts investigation of accidents as member of the Health and Safety Committee and submits his separate report and analysis of accidents to the employer Coordinates all health and safety training programs for the employees and employer Conducts health and safety inspection as member of the committee Maintains or helps in the maintenance of an efficient accident record system and coordinates actions taken by supervisors to eliminate accident causes
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Provides assistance to government agencies in the conduct of safety and health inspection, accident investigation or any other related programs For purposes of effectiveness in a workplace where full-time safety man is required, he shall report directly to the employer
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d) CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
Attend orientation, toolbox talks, and safety meetings as required. Use the right tools for every job and keep them in good condition. Use the safety equipment and protective clothing supplied. Avoid taking shortcuts that may lead to unnecessary risk. Report any defects at the site, in equipment or any other safety hazard.
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Comply with all rules. Participate in safety program and cooperates actively with the Health and Safety Committee Assists government agencies in the conduct of health and safety inspection or other programs
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6. ACCIDENT/ INCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING It shall describe among others: All accidents or incidences shall be investigated and recorded. All work-related accidents resulting to disabling injuries and dangerous occurrences as defined in OSH Standards (Rule 1050) shall be reported. Responsible or duly authorized officer for accident or incident investigation, recording and reporting are either the employer/owner/project manager/safety officer
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Accident/incident investigation and reporting (Cont)
Accident Report shall contain the minimum information as required in DOLE /BWC /OHSD /IP-6. Employer shall notify the appropriate DOLE Regional Office within 24 hours in case of fatal accidents. An accident investigation shall be conducted by the Regional Office within forty eight (48) hours after receipt of initial report of the employer.
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7. PROTECTION OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC It shall describe among others: Measures in order to ensure the safety of the general public shall be pursuant to Rule 11 of the National Building Code-Implementing Rules and Regulations: Protection of Pedestrians During Construction or Demolition Appropriate provisions and rules of OSHS - Rule 1412.09: Protection of the Public - Rule 1412.12: Protection against collapse of Structure MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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- Rule 1412.16: Traffic Control
- Rule 1413: Excavation - Rule 1417: Demolition - Rule 1060: Premises of Establishments - D.O. 13, Section 9: Construction Safety Signages - Other relevant provisions of OSHS. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY PRACTICES
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a) Excavation Trenching and excavation work presents serious hazards to all workers involved. Cave-ins pose the greatest risk and are much more likely than other excavation-related accidents to result in worker fatalities. Other potential hazards include falls, falling loads, hazardous atmospheres, and incidents involving mobile equipment. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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• The basic methods for protection from cave-ins
are sloping, benching, shoring, and shielding. The method you should use depends on factors such as soil type and water content, excavation depth and width, the nature of the work, and nearby activities that could increase the risk of a cave-in. • A registered Structural Engineer must design protective systems for all excavations that are more than 20 feet deep. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Typical Excavation Sites
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b) Formworks and Concreting Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured. The formwork is built on site out of steel, timber and plywood or moisture-resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It is still used extensively where the labor costs are lower than the costs for procuring re-usable formwork. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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c) Scaffoldings & Ladders SCAFFOLD means any temporary elevated platform (made of timber, metal or bamboo) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage) used for supporting employees or materials or both in the course of any construction works, including maintenance and demolition works.
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Hazards in the Use of Scaffolds Falls from elevation Struck by falling tools / debris Scaffold collapse Electrocution
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Recommended Measures
Falls from elevation • Use guardrails • Use fall arrest systems
Struck by falling tools or debris • Barricade the area below the scaffold and forbid entry • Use panels or screens • Build a canopy or net MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Means of Egress A stairway, ladder, or ramp must be present in excavations that are 4 or more feet deep.
This ladder does not meet the standard requirements
The ladder should extend 3 feet above the excavation MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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d) Metal Arc Welding & Cutting is an arc welding process in which coalescence of metals is produced by heat from an electric arc that is maintained between the tip of a covered electrode and the surface of the metal in the joint being welded.
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e) Hand Power Tools Hand and power tools are a common part of our everyday lives and are present in nearly every industry. These tools help us to easily perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible. However, these simple tools can be hazardous and have the potential for causing severe injuries when used or maintained improperly. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Hazards in the use of Power Tools Workers using hand and power tools may be exposed to these hazards: objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding
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f) Mobile Equipment Any construction equipment used in ground clearing, cutting, leveling, excavation, tampering, hoisting, hauling, concreting, rigging, etc are also known as mobile equipment.
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Hazards of Mobile Equipment Machinery, equipment, and tools shall not be used beyond the design capacity intended by the manufacturer where such use may create a hazard to persons.
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g) Electrical Installation Electrical safety is of utmost concern in workplaces where machines abound. It has been researched that over a hundred people die each year because machines that are being repaired, set up, or serviced have not been properly locked out. Lockout Tagout (LOTO) was specifically created to make sure that a particular machines energy is neutralized before it is serviced on. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Electrical Hazards Accidently starting up of a machine without other people knowing that the machine is under maintenance, and that people are currently working on it. Machines that are being repaired become extremely hazardous devices when they are turned on. People can become electrocuted, crushed, or impaled by flying debris should these machines suddenly acquire power when their parts are being worked on. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Electrical Hazards
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h) Housekeeping Housekeeping is the act of cleaning the rooms and spaces of an office or industrial plant. It is one of the many chores included in the term housework. Housecleaning includes activities such as disposing of rubbish, cleaning dirty surfaces, dusting and vacuuming. It may also involve some outdoor chores, such as removing leaves from rain gutters, washing windows and sweeping doormats. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Housekeeping Hazard
EXIT
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i) Safety Signage Safety signs are a great way to clearly notify employees and visitors of company policies and warn of dangers. Topics include electrical safety, lockout, confined space, chemical hazards, machine safety, protective wear (PPE), warehouse safety, first aid, eyewash, slipping & tripping and much more.
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Signage
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Location of Signage & Barricades
Hazardous areas Trip hazard Energized electrical works Overhead suspended load test Chemical introduction Fall exposure Emergency Response Zone Danger zone Confined and enclosed space MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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j) Temporary Fire Protection Facilities and Equipment The following rule shall apply: Fire protection facilities and equipment as required under Rule 1940 of the OSHS Proposed structure and membership of fire brigade Provision for training on emergency preparedness MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
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k) First aid & Health Care Medicines, Eqpt Eqpt.. & Facilities It shall describe among others the following: Identification of the proposed first aid and health care facilities that the employer shall provide satisfying the minimum requirements of OSHS. Identification of the medical and health supplies, such as medicines and equipment to be provided. In all cases, the provision of first aid medicines and emergency treatment shall be mandatory.
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l) Construction Waste Disposal
The following shall apply: Proposed method of clearing and disposal of waste. Provisions for permits and clearances where required in disposal of hazardous wastes.
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m) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - (Rule 1080) The following shall apply: Appropriate types and duly tested PPEs to be issued to workers after the required training on their use. Provisions for maintenance, inspection and replacement of PPEs. In all cases the basic PPE commonly required for all types of construction projects are hard hats, safety shoes and working gloves. Other PPEs shall be required depending on the type of work and hazards. MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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MSRS SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT TRAINING SERVICES – DOLE OSHC Accreditation No. 1030-112113-0065
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) Handling of Hazardous Substances – (Rule 1090) The following provisions shall apply: Provision for identification, safe handling, storage, transport and disposal of hazardous substances and emergency procedure in accordance with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) in cases of accidents.
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o) Emergency Action Plan The following elements must be included in the plan: Emergency escape procedures and emergency escape route assignments. The use of floor plans or workplace maps which clearly show the emergency escape routes should be included in the plan. Color coding will aid employees in determining their route assignments.
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Detailed procedures to be followed by essential employees who remain to operate critical plant/site operations until their evacuation become absolutely necessary. Essential plant operations may include the monitoring of plant power supplies, water supplies and other essential services which cannot be shut down for every emergency. Procedures to account for all employees after an evacuation i.e. a location where employees should assemble after evacuating to determine if all employees have left the facility.
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An alternate location should also be designated in case the primary location places employees in a dangerous situation. Detailed rescue and medical duties for those employees who are to perform them – in-house medical teams, basic first aid, fire department response. The preferred means of reporting fires and other emergencies Names or regular job titles of persons or departments who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties i.e. Superintendent, Foreman, Safety, etc.
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“BIRDS of the same FEATHER…….. are the SAME birds”
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